public inbox for virtio-dev@lists.linux.dev
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: "Zhu, Lingshan" <lingshan.zhu@intel.com>
To: Parav Pandit <parav@nvidia.com>,
	"virtio-dev@lists.oasis-open.org"
	<virtio-dev@lists.oasis-open.org>,
	"Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>,
	Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Subject: Re: [virtio-dev] Re: [PATCH 0/5] virtio: introduce SUSPEND bit and vq state
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 17:34:31 +0800	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <5f01772f-eb27-bfe0-7f69-b83fbd90dda0@intel.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <PH0PR12MB5481323A3B4D67EB66328476DCFBA@PH0PR12MB5481.namprd12.prod.outlook.com>



On 9/18/2023 2:54 PM, Parav Pandit wrote:
>> From: Zhu, Lingshan <lingshan.zhu@intel.com>
>> Sent: Monday, September 18, 2023 12:19 PM
>
>> so admin vq based LM solution can be a side channel attacking surface
> It will be part of the DSM whenever it will be used in future.
> Hence, it is not attack surface.
I am not sure, why we have to trust the PF?
This is out of virtio scope anyway.

I have explained many times how it can be a attack surface, and examples.

What happen if malicious SW dump guest memory by admin vq dirty page
tracking feature?
>
>>>>>> For untrusted hypervisor, same set of attack surface is present
>>>>>> with
>>>>>> trap+emulation.
>>>>>> So both method score same. Hence its not relevant point for discussion.
>>>>> this is not hypervisor, Do you see any modern hypervisor have these
>>>>> issues?
>>>>>
>>>>> This is admin vq for LM can be a side channel attacking surface.
>>> It is not.
>>> Hypervisor is trusted entity.
>>> For untrusted hypervisor the TDISP is unified solution build by the various
>> industry bodies including DMTF, PCI for last few years.
>>> We want to utilize that.
>> first, TDISP is out of virtio spec.
> Sure, hence, untrusted hypervisor are out of scope.
> Otherwise, trap+emulation is equally dead which relies on the hypervisor to do things.
so lets focus on LM topic, other than confidential computing.
>
>> second, TDISP devices can not be migrated for now third, admin vq can be an
>> side channel attacking surface as explained above.
> When TDISP are not used, hypervisor is trusted entity, period.
> And hence, it cannot be considered attack surface.
> An hypervisor can even disable SR-IOV.
if SRIOV is disabled, so you are migrating PF?
A PF certainly can not migrate itself by its own admin vq.

again, TDISP is out of spec and TDISP devices are not
migratable.
>
>>>>>>>> #3 There is no QoS issue with admin commands and queues. If you
>>>>>>>> claim that
>>>>>>> then whole virtio spec based on the virtqueues is broken.
>>>>>>>> And it is certainly not the case.
>>>>>>> Please do not confuse the concepts and purposes of the data queues
>>>>>>> and admin vq.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>> I am not confused.
>>>>>> There is no guarantee that a register placed on the VF will be
>>>>>> serviced by the device in exact same time regardless of VF count =
>>>>>> 1 or 4000.
>>>>>> Yet again not relevant comparison.
>>>>> please read my previous replies in other threads.
>>> It does not answer.
>>> The claim that somehow a polling register ensures downtime guarantee for
>> scale of thousands of member devices is some specific device implementation
>> without explanation.
>> the registers and the LM facilities are per-device.
>>>>>>> For data-queues, it can be slow without mq or rss, that means
>>>>>>> performance overhead, but can work.
>>>>>> No, it does not work. The application failed because of jitter in
>>>>>> the video and audio due to missing the latency budget.
>>>>>> A financial application is terminated due to timeouts and packet loss.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Device migration is just another 3rd such applications.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Its also same.
>>>>>> My last reply on this vague argument.
>>>>> I think the points are clear, and you already understand the points,
>>>>> so no need to argue anymore
>>> Yes, I am clear from long time, nor AQ nor no register, RSS queues, none
>> cannot guarantee any performance characteristics.
>>> It is pretty clear to me.
>>> Any performance guarantees are explicitly requested when desired.
>>>
>>>>>>> For admin vq, if it don't meet QOS requirements, it fails to
>>>>>>> migrate guests.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I have replied to the same question so many times, and this is the
>>>>>>> last time.
>>>>>> I also replied many times that QoS argument is not valid anymore.
>>>>>> Same can happen with registers writes.
>>>>>> Perf characteristics for 30+ devices is not in the virtio spec. It
>>>>>> is implementation details.
>>>>> as replied many times, registers only serve the device itself and
>>>>> registers are not DATA PATH, means the device don't transfer data
>>>>> through registers.
>>> It does not matter data path or control path, the fact is it downtime assurance
>> cannot be guaranteed by register interface design, it is the implementation
>> details.
>>> And so does for admin commands and/or AQ.
>> the registers do not perform any data transitions, e.g., we don't migrate dirty
>> pages through registers.
>> But you do these by admin vq
> So what?
> Just because data transfer is not done, it does not mean that thousands of polling register writes complete in stipulated time.
1) again, they are per-device facilities
2) we use very few registers, even status byte does not require polling, 
just re-read with delay.

Please refer to the code for setting FEATURES_OK.



---------------------------------------------------------------------
To unsubscribe, e-mail: virtio-dev-unsubscribe@lists.oasis-open.org
For additional commands, e-mail: virtio-dev-help@lists.oasis-open.org


  reply	other threads:[~2023-09-18  9:35 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 269+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2023-09-06  8:16 [virtio-dev] [PATCH 0/5] virtio: introduce SUSPEND bit and vq state Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:16 ` [virtio-dev] [PATCH 1/5] virtio: introduce vq state as basic facility Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:28   ` [virtio-dev] Re: [virtio-comment] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-06  9:43     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-14 11:25   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  2:46     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:16 ` [virtio-dev] [PATCH 2/5] virtio: introduce SUSPEND bit in device status Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-14 11:34   ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  2:57     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-15 11:10       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-18  2:56         ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  4:42           ` [virtio-dev] RE: [virtio-comment] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  5:14             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  6:17               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  6:38                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  6:46                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  6:49                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  6:50           ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:16 ` [virtio-dev] [PATCH 3/5] virtqueue: constraints for virtqueue state Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-14 11:30   ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  2:59     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-15 11:16       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-18  3:02         ` [virtio-dev] Re: [virtio-comment] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18 17:30           ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-19  7:56             ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:16 ` [virtio-dev] [PATCH 4/5] virtqueue: ignore resetting vqs when SUSPEND Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-14 11:09   ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  4:06     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:16 ` [virtio-dev] [PATCH 5/5] virtio-pci: implement VIRTIO_F_QUEUE_STATE Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:32   ` [virtio-dev] Re: [virtio-comment] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-06  8:37     ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-06  9:37     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11  3:01     ` Jason Wang
2023-09-11  4:11       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  6:30         ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-11  6:47           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  6:58             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11  7:07               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  7:18                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11  7:30                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  7:58                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11  8:12                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  8:46                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11  9:05                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  9:32                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11 10:21                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  4:06                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  5:58                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  6:33                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  6:47                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  7:27                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  7:40                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  9:02                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  9:21                                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 13:03                                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 13:43                                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:01                                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:12                                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:20                                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:36                                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  8:19                                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11 11:50                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  3:43                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-12  5:50                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:44                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-13  6:05                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  3:11                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-17  5:22                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  4:35                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-19  7:33                                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  3:48                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  5:51                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  6:37                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  6:49                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  7:29                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  7:53                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  9:06                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  9:08                                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  9:35                                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:14                                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 10:16                                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:28                                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  2:23                                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:03                                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:15                                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:21                                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:37                                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  3:11                                                               ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-17  5:25                                                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  4:34                                                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-19  7:32                                                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  8:22                                                               ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  9:28                                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:17                                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 10:25                                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:32                                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 10:40                                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 13:04                                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 13:36                                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  4:10                         ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-12  6:05                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:45                             ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-13  6:39                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  3:08                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-17  5:22                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  4:32                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-19  7:32                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  8:27                               ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-14  3:11                                 ` Jason Wang
2023-09-12  4:18             ` Jason Wang
2023-09-12  6:11               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  6:43                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  6:52                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  7:36                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  7:43                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:27                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 10:33                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:35                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 10:41                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 13:09                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 13:35                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:13                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:19                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:22                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:39                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  8:24                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:56                                         ` Jason Wang
2023-09-13  4:43                 ` Jason Wang
2023-09-13  4:46                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  3:12                     ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-17  5:29                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  4:25                         ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-19  7:32                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  6:59           ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-11 10:15           ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-12  3:35             ` Jason Wang
2023-09-12  3:43               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-14 11:27   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  4:13     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:29 ` [virtio-dev] Re: [virtio-comment] [PATCH 0/5] virtio: introduce SUSPEND bit and vq state Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-06  8:38   ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06 13:49     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-07  1:51       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-07 10:57       ` Eugenio Perez Martin
2023-09-07 19:55         ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-14 11:14 ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  4:28   ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-17  5:32     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  3:10       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  4:32         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  5:21           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  5:25             ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  6:37               ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  6:49                 ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  6:54                   ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  9:34                     ` Zhu, Lingshan [this message]
2023-09-18 18:41                       ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-18 18:49                         ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20  6:06                           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20  6:08                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20  6:31                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20  8:34                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20  9:44                                   ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20  9:52                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 11:11                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 11:15                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 11:27                                           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-21  5:13                                             ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 10:36                             ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 10:55                               ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 11:28                                 ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 11:52                                   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 12:05                                     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 12:08                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 12:22                                       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 11:22                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 12:05                                 ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 12:13                                   ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 12:16                                   ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 12:40                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  3:14                                       ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  3:51                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  4:02                                           ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:11                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  4:19                                               ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:29                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-22  3:13                                                   ` Jason Wang
2023-09-20 12:41                                   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 13:41                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 14:13                                       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 14:16                                       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 17:21                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 20:03                                           ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  3:43                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  5:41                                               ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  5:54                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  6:06                                                   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  6:31                                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  7:20                                                       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  7:53                                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  8:11                                                           ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  9:17                                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21 10:01                                                               ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21 11:13                                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21 10:09                                                               ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21 10:39                                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21 12:22                                                                   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21 12:39                                                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21 13:04                                                                       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-22  3:31                                                                   ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  9:06                                                 ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-21  9:18                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-21  9:26                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  9:55                                           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-21 11:28                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-22  2:40                                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-21  3:26                                     ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:21                                       ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  3:18                                   ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:03                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  3:17                               ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:01                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  4:09                                   ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:19                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-22  3:08                                       ` Jason Wang
2023-09-22  3:39                                         ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-25 10:41                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-26  2:45                                           ` Jason Wang
2023-09-26  3:40                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-26  4:37                                               ` Jason Wang
2023-09-26  5:21                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-10-09  8:49                                                   ` Jason Wang
2023-10-12 10:03                                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-27 15:31                                                 ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-26  5:36                                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-26  6:03                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-26  9:25                                                   ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-26 10:48                                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-27  8:20                                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-27 10:39                                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-10-09 10:05                                                           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-09 10:07                                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-27 15:40                                                         ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-09 10:01                                                           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-11 10:20                                                             ` [virtio-dev] Re: [virtio-comment] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-11 10:38                                                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-11 11:52                                                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-10-12 10:57                                                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-12 11:13                                                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-12  9:59                                                                 ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-12 10:49                                                                   ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-12 11:12                                                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-13 10:18                                                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-12 14:38                                                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-13 10:23                                                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-27 21:43                                           ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-19  8:01                         ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-19  9:06                           ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-19 10:03                             ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-19  4:27                     ` Jason Wang
2023-09-19  7:32                       ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  7:46                         ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-19  7:53                           ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  8:03                             ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-19  8:31                               ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  8:39                                 ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-19  9:09                                   ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-14 11:37 ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  4:41   ` Zhu, Lingshan

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=5f01772f-eb27-bfe0-7f69-b83fbd90dda0@intel.com \
    --to=lingshan.zhu@intel.com \
    --cc=jasowang@redhat.com \
    --cc=mst@redhat.com \
    --cc=parav@nvidia.com \
    --cc=virtio-dev@lists.oasis-open.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox