public inbox for virtio-dev@lists.linux.dev
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: "Zhu, Lingshan" <lingshan.zhu@intel.com>
To: Parav Pandit <parav@nvidia.com>, "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: "virtio-dev@lists.oasis-open.org"
	<virtio-dev@lists.oasis-open.org>,
	Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Subject: Re: [virtio-dev] Re: [PATCH 0/5] virtio: introduce SUSPEND bit and vq state
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 17:44:40 +0800	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <84b2f6b0-c4fb-9b28-53ab-cc8c0b6763c2@intel.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <PH0PR12MB5481F731EF62DB5CCE777918DCF9A@PH0PR12MB5481.namprd12.prod.outlook.com>

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 3610 bytes --]



On 9/20/2023 4:34 PM, Parav Pandit wrote:
>
> > There can be malicious SW on the host, and the host may be hacked 
> and compromised.
> > For example:
> > 1) SUSPEND the a running guest by admin vq
> > 2) dumping guest memory through admin vq dirty page tracking.
>
> No. hypervisor is trusted entity who is hosting the VM.
>
The PF may not owned by the hypervisor and the host can be hacked and 
computerized.
>
> The device migration is initiated by the hypervisor.
>
> I am omitting the TDISP question for now as talked before.
>
> TDISP spec will evolve for hypercalls when we get there.
>
Confidential computing is out of the spec, as we discussed and agreed.

This is to demonstrate why even using a bar cap as proxy for admin vq LM 
is still problematic.
TDISP gives examples of the attacking models, and admin vq based LM
conforms to the models.
>
> *From:* virtio-dev@lists.oasis-open.org 
> <virtio-dev@lists.oasis-open.org> *On Behalf Of *Zhu, Lingshan
> *Sent:* Wednesday, September 20, 2023 12:01 PM
> *To:* Parav Pandit <parav@nvidia.com>; Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
> *Cc:* virtio-dev@lists.oasis-open.org; Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
> *Subject:* Re: [virtio-dev] Re: [PATCH 0/5] virtio: introduce SUSPEND 
> bit and vq state
>
> On 9/20/2023 2:08 PM, Parav Pandit wrote:
>
>         From: Zhu, Lingshan<lingshan.zhu@intel.com>  <mailto:lingshan.zhu@intel.com>
>
>         Sent: Wednesday, September 20, 2023 11:36 AM
>
>         On 9/19/2023 2:49 AM, Michael S. Tsirkin wrote:
>
>             On Mon, Sep 18, 2023 at 06:41:55PM +0000, Parav Pandit wrote:
>
>                     Please refer to the code for setting FEATURES_OK.
>
>                 It wont work when one needs to suspend the device.
>
>                 There is no point of doing such work over registers as fundamental
>
>         framework is over the AQ.
>
>             Well not really. It's over admin commands. When these were built the
>
>             intent always was that it's possible to use admin commands through
>
>             another interface, other than admin queue. Is there a problem
>
>             implementing admin commands over a memory BAR? For example, I can see
>
>             an "admin command" capability pointing at a BAR where commands are
>
>             supplied, and using a new group type referring to device itself.
>
>         I am not sure, if a bar cap would be implemented as a proxy for the admin vq
>
>         based live migration. then the problems of admin vq LM that we have discussed
>
>         still exist. the bar is only a proxy, doesn't fix anything. and even larger side
>
>         channel attacking surface: vf-->pf-->vf
>
>     AQ LM using PF has no side channel attack as hypervisor and owner device is trusted entity as already discussed.
>
> I believe we have discussed this for many times, and I even provide 
> you some examples.
>
> Let me repeat for the last time.
>
> There can be malicious SW on the host, and the host may be hacked and 
> compromised.
> For example:
> 1) SUSPEND the a running guest by admin vq
> 2) dumping guest memory through admin vq dirty page tracking.
>
> These above can happen right?
>
> You made TDISP as an example, but have you really read the TDISP spec?
> In the spec:
>
> Device Security Architecture - Administrative interfaces (e.g., a PF) 
> may be
> used to influence the security properties of the TDI used by the TVM.
>
> TEE-I/O requires the device to organize its hardware/software 
> interfaces such that the PF cannot
> be used to affect the security of a TDI when it is in use by a TVM
>
> Clear?
>

[-- Attachment #2: Type: text/html, Size: 10996 bytes --]

  reply	other threads:[~2023-09-20  9:45 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 269+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2023-09-06  8:16 [virtio-dev] [PATCH 0/5] virtio: introduce SUSPEND bit and vq state Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:16 ` [virtio-dev] [PATCH 1/5] virtio: introduce vq state as basic facility Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:28   ` [virtio-dev] Re: [virtio-comment] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-06  9:43     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-14 11:25   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  2:46     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:16 ` [virtio-dev] [PATCH 2/5] virtio: introduce SUSPEND bit in device status Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-14 11:34   ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  2:57     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-15 11:10       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-18  2:56         ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  4:42           ` [virtio-dev] RE: [virtio-comment] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  5:14             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  6:17               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  6:38                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  6:46                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  6:49                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  6:50           ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:16 ` [virtio-dev] [PATCH 3/5] virtqueue: constraints for virtqueue state Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-14 11:30   ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  2:59     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-15 11:16       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-18  3:02         ` [virtio-dev] Re: [virtio-comment] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18 17:30           ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-19  7:56             ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:16 ` [virtio-dev] [PATCH 4/5] virtqueue: ignore resetting vqs when SUSPEND Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-14 11:09   ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  4:06     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:16 ` [virtio-dev] [PATCH 5/5] virtio-pci: implement VIRTIO_F_QUEUE_STATE Zhu Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:32   ` [virtio-dev] Re: [virtio-comment] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-06  8:37     ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-06  9:37     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11  3:01     ` Jason Wang
2023-09-11  4:11       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  6:30         ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-11  6:47           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  6:58             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11  7:07               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  7:18                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11  7:30                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  7:58                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11  8:12                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  8:46                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11  9:05                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  9:32                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11 10:21                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  4:06                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  5:58                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  6:33                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  6:47                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  7:27                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  7:40                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  9:02                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  9:21                                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 13:03                                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 13:43                                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:01                                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:12                                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:20                                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:36                                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  8:19                                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-11 11:50                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  3:43                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-12  5:50                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:44                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-13  6:05                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  3:11                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-17  5:22                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  4:35                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-19  7:33                                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  3:48                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  5:51                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  6:37                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  6:49                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  7:29                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  7:53                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  9:06                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  9:08                                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  9:35                                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:14                                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 10:16                                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:28                                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  2:23                                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:03                                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:15                                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:21                                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:37                                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  3:11                                                               ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-17  5:25                                                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  4:34                                                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-19  7:32                                                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  8:22                                                               ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  9:28                                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:17                                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 10:25                                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:32                                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 10:40                                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 13:04                                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 13:36                                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  4:10                         ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-12  6:05                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:45                             ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-13  6:39                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  3:08                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-17  5:22                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  4:32                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-19  7:32                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  8:27                               ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-14  3:11                                 ` Jason Wang
2023-09-12  4:18             ` Jason Wang
2023-09-12  6:11               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  6:43                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  6:52                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12  7:36                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12  7:43                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:27                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 10:33                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 10:35                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 10:41                               ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-12 13:09                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-12 13:35                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:13                                     ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:19                                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-13  4:22                                         ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:39                                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  8:24                                             ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-13  4:56                                         ` Jason Wang
2023-09-13  4:43                 ` Jason Wang
2023-09-13  4:46                   ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-14  3:12                     ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-17  5:29                       ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  4:25                         ` [virtio-dev] " Jason Wang
2023-09-19  7:32                           ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-09-11  6:59           ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-11 10:15           ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-12  3:35             ` Jason Wang
2023-09-12  3:43               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-14 11:27   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  4:13     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06  8:29 ` [virtio-dev] Re: [virtio-comment] [PATCH 0/5] virtio: introduce SUSPEND bit and vq state Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-06  8:38   ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-06 13:49     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-07  1:51       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-07 10:57       ` Eugenio Perez Martin
2023-09-07 19:55         ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-14 11:14 ` [virtio-dev] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  4:28   ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-17  5:32     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  3:10       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  4:32         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  5:21           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  5:25             ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  6:37               ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  6:49                 ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18  6:54                   ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-18  9:34                     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-18 18:41                       ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-18 18:49                         ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20  6:06                           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20  6:08                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20  6:31                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20  8:34                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20  9:44                                   ` Zhu, Lingshan [this message]
2023-09-20  9:52                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 11:11                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 11:15                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 11:27                                           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-21  5:13                                             ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 10:36                             ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 10:55                               ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 11:28                                 ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 11:52                                   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 12:05                                     ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 12:08                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 12:22                                       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 11:22                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 12:05                                 ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 12:13                                   ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 12:16                                   ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-20 12:40                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  3:14                                       ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  3:51                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  4:02                                           ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:11                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  4:19                                               ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:29                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-22  3:13                                                   ` Jason Wang
2023-09-20 12:41                                   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 13:41                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 14:13                                       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 14:16                                       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-20 17:21                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-20 20:03                                           ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  3:43                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  5:41                                               ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  5:54                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  6:06                                                   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  6:31                                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  7:20                                                       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  7:53                                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  8:11                                                           ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21  9:17                                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21 10:01                                                               ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21 11:13                                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21 10:09                                                               ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21 10:39                                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21 12:22                                                                   ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-21 12:39                                                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21 13:04                                                                       ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-22  3:31                                                                   ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  9:06                                                 ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-21  9:18                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-21  9:26                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  9:55                                           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-21 11:28                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-22  2:40                                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-21  3:26                                     ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:21                                       ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  3:18                                   ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:03                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  3:17                               ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:01                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-21  4:09                                   ` Jason Wang
2023-09-21  4:19                                     ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-22  3:08                                       ` Jason Wang
2023-09-22  3:39                                         ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-25 10:41                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-26  2:45                                           ` Jason Wang
2023-09-26  3:40                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-26  4:37                                               ` Jason Wang
2023-09-26  5:21                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-10-09  8:49                                                   ` Jason Wang
2023-10-12 10:03                                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-27 15:31                                                 ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-26  5:36                                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-26  6:03                                                 ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-26  9:25                                                   ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-26 10:48                                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-27  8:20                                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-27 10:39                                                         ` Parav Pandit
2023-10-09 10:05                                                           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-09 10:07                                                             ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-27 15:40                                                         ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-09 10:01                                                           ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-11 10:20                                                             ` [virtio-dev] Re: [virtio-comment] " Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-11 10:38                                                               ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-11 11:52                                                                 ` [virtio-dev] " Parav Pandit
2023-10-12 10:57                                                                   ` [virtio-dev] " Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-12 11:13                                                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-12  9:59                                                                 ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-12 10:49                                                                   ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-12 11:12                                                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-13 10:18                                                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-10-12 14:38                                                                     ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-10-13 10:23                                                                       ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-27 21:43                                           ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-19  8:01                         ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-19  9:06                           ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-19 10:03                             ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-19  4:27                     ` Jason Wang
2023-09-19  7:32                       ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  7:46                         ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-19  7:53                           ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  8:03                             ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-19  8:31                               ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-19  8:39                                 ` Zhu, Lingshan
2023-09-19  9:09                                   ` Parav Pandit
2023-09-14 11:37 ` Michael S. Tsirkin
2023-09-15  4:41   ` Zhu, Lingshan

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=84b2f6b0-c4fb-9b28-53ab-cc8c0b6763c2@intel.com \
    --to=lingshan.zhu@intel.com \
    --cc=jasowang@redhat.com \
    --cc=mst@redhat.com \
    --cc=parav@nvidia.com \
    --cc=virtio-dev@lists.oasis-open.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox