[PATCH v7 0/2] x86/sev: Fixes for SEV-ES Guest Support

[PATCH v7 0/2] x86/sev: Fixes for SEV-ES Guest Support

[Joerg Roedel]

From: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>

Hi,

please find here the next iteration of my pending fixes for SEV-ES
guest support in Linux. This version addresses the comments I received
from Peter on the previous version, in particular:

	- Removed IRQ disable/enable calls in the ap-hlt loop code
	- Made __sev_get/put_ghcb() noinstr instead of __always_inline
	  and put instrumentation_begin()/end() calls around panic()
	  to fix an objtool warning.
	- Split up #DB handling in the #VC handler into a from-user
	  and from-kernel part as well.

The patches are again tested with a kernel with various debugging
options enabled, running as an SEV-ES guest.

The previous version of these patches can be found here:

	https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210616184913.13064-1-joro@8bytes.org/

Please review.

Thanks,

	Joerg

Joerg Roedel (2):
  x86/sev: Make sure IRQs are disabled while GHCB is active
  x86/sev: Split up runtime #VC handler for correct state tracking

 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S       |   4 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h |  29 ++---
 arch/x86/kernel/sev.c           | 182 ++++++++++++++++++--------------
 3 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 102 deletions(-)


base-commit: 07570cef5e5c3fcec40f82a9075abb4c1da63319
-- 
2.31.1

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[PATCH v7 1/2] x86/sev: Make sure IRQs are disabled while GHCB is active

[Joerg Roedel]

From: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>

The #VC handler only cares about IRQs being disabled while the GHCB is
active, as it must not be interrupted by something which could cause
another #VC while it holds the GHCB (NMI is the exception for which the
backup GHCB exits).

Make sure nothing interrupts the code path while the GHCB is active by
disabling IRQs in sev_es_get_ghcb() and restoring the previous irq state
in sev_es_put_ghcb().

Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/sev.c | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/sev.c b/arch/x86/kernel/sev.c
index 8178db07a06a..9f32cbb773d9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/sev.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/sev.c
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>	/* For show_regs() */
 #include <linux/percpu-defs.h>
 #include <linux/mem_encrypt.h>
-#include <linux/lockdep.h>
 #include <linux/printk.h>
 #include <linux/mm_types.h>
 #include <linux/set_memory.h>
@@ -192,11 +191,19 @@ void noinstr __sev_es_ist_exit(void)
 	this_cpu_write(cpu_tss_rw.x86_tss.ist[IST_INDEX_VC], *(unsigned long *)ist);
 }
 
-static __always_inline struct ghcb *sev_es_get_ghcb(struct ghcb_state *state)
+/*
+ * Nothing shall interrupt this code path while holding the per-CPU
+ * GHCB. The backup GHCB is only for NMIs interrupting this path.
+ *
+ * Callers must disable local interrupts around it.
+ */
+static noinstr struct ghcb *__sev_get_ghcb(struct ghcb_state *state)
 {
 	struct sev_es_runtime_data *data;
 	struct ghcb *ghcb;
 
+	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+
 	data = this_cpu_read(runtime_data);
 	ghcb = &data->ghcb_page;
 
@@ -213,7 +220,9 @@ static __always_inline struct ghcb *sev_es_get_ghcb(struct ghcb_state *state)
 			data->ghcb_active        = false;
 			data->backup_ghcb_active = false;
 
+			instrumentation_begin();
 			panic("Unable to handle #VC exception! GHCB and Backup GHCB are already in use");
+			instrumentation_end();
 		}
 
 		/* Mark backup_ghcb active before writing to it */
@@ -486,11 +495,13 @@ static enum es_result vc_slow_virt_to_phys(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt
 /* Include code shared with pre-decompression boot stage */
 #include "sev-shared.c"
 
-static __always_inline void sev_es_put_ghcb(struct ghcb_state *state)
+static noinstr void __sev_put_ghcb(struct ghcb_state *state)
 {
 	struct sev_es_runtime_data *data;
 	struct ghcb *ghcb;
 
+	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+
 	data = this_cpu_read(runtime_data);
 	ghcb = &data->ghcb_page;
 
@@ -514,7 +525,7 @@ void noinstr __sev_es_nmi_complete(void)
 	struct ghcb_state state;
 	struct ghcb *ghcb;
 
-	ghcb = sev_es_get_ghcb(&state);
+	ghcb = __sev_get_ghcb(&state);
 
 	vc_ghcb_invalidate(ghcb);
 	ghcb_set_sw_exit_code(ghcb, SVM_VMGEXIT_NMI_COMPLETE);
@@ -524,7 +535,7 @@ void noinstr __sev_es_nmi_complete(void)
 	sev_es_wr_ghcb_msr(__pa_nodebug(ghcb));
 	VMGEXIT();
 
-	sev_es_put_ghcb(&state);
+	__sev_put_ghcb(&state);
 }
 
 static u64 get_jump_table_addr(void)
@@ -536,7 +547,7 @@ static u64 get_jump_table_addr(void)
 
 	local_irq_save(flags);
 
-	ghcb = sev_es_get_ghcb(&state);
+	ghcb = __sev_get_ghcb(&state);
 
 	vc_ghcb_invalidate(ghcb);
 	ghcb_set_sw_exit_code(ghcb, SVM_VMGEXIT_AP_JUMP_TABLE);
@@ -550,7 +561,7 @@ static u64 get_jump_table_addr(void)
 	    ghcb_sw_exit_info_2_is_valid(ghcb))
 		ret = ghcb->save.sw_exit_info_2;
 
-	sev_es_put_ghcb(&state);
+	__sev_put_ghcb(&state);
 
 	local_irq_restore(flags);
 
@@ -675,7 +686,7 @@ static void sev_es_ap_hlt_loop(void)
 	struct ghcb_state state;
 	struct ghcb *ghcb;
 
-	ghcb = sev_es_get_ghcb(&state);
+	ghcb = __sev_get_ghcb(&state);
 
 	while (true) {
 		vc_ghcb_invalidate(ghcb);
@@ -692,7 +703,7 @@ static void sev_es_ap_hlt_loop(void)
 			break;
 	}
 
-	sev_es_put_ghcb(&state);
+	__sev_put_ghcb(&state);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1351,7 +1362,6 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_SAFE_STACK(exc_vmm_communication)
 	}
 
 	irq_state = irqentry_nmi_enter(regs);
-	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
 	instrumentation_begin();
 
 	/*
@@ -1360,7 +1370,7 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_SAFE_STACK(exc_vmm_communication)
 	 * keep the IRQs disabled to protect us against concurrent TLB flushes.
 	 */
 
-	ghcb = sev_es_get_ghcb(&state);
+	ghcb = __sev_get_ghcb(&state);
 
 	vc_ghcb_invalidate(ghcb);
 	result = vc_init_em_ctxt(&ctxt, regs, error_code);
@@ -1368,7 +1378,7 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_SAFE_STACK(exc_vmm_communication)
 	if (result == ES_OK)
 		result = vc_handle_exitcode(&ctxt, ghcb, error_code);
 
-	sev_es_put_ghcb(&state);
+	__sev_put_ghcb(&state);
 
 	/* Done - now check the result */
 	switch (result) {
-- 
2.31.1

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Re: [PATCH v7 1/2] x86/sev: Make sure IRQs are disabled while GHCB is active

[Borislav Petkov]

On Fri, Jun 18, 2021 at 01:54:08PM +0200, Joerg Roedel wrote:
> From: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
> 
> The #VC handler only cares about IRQs being disabled while the GHCB is
> active, as it must not be interrupted by something which could cause
> another #VC while it holds the GHCB (NMI is the exception for which the
> backup GHCB exits).
> 
> Make sure nothing interrupts the code path while the GHCB is active by
> disabling IRQs in sev_es_get_ghcb() and restoring the previous irq state
> in sev_es_put_ghcb().

Note for committer: update those function names.

-- 
Regards/Gruss,
    Boris.

https://people.kernel.org/tglx/notes-about-netiquette
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[PATCH v7 2/2] x86/sev: Split up runtime #VC handler for correct state tracking

[Joerg Roedel]

From: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>

Split up the #VC handler code into a from-user and a from-kernel part.
This allows clean and correct state tracking, as the #VC handler needs
to enter NMI-state when raised from kernel mode and plain IRQ state when
raised from user-mode.

Fixes: 62441a1fb532 ("x86/sev-es: Correctly track IRQ states in runtime #VC handler")
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
---
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S       |   4 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h |  29 +++----
 arch/x86/kernel/sev.c           | 148 +++++++++++++++++---------------
 3 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
index a16a5294d55f..1886aaf19914 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ SYM_CODE_START(\asmsym)
 
 	movq	%rsp, %rdi		/* pt_regs pointer */
 
-	call	\cfunc
+	call	kernel_\cfunc
 
 	/*
 	 * No need to switch back to the IST stack. The current stack is either
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ SYM_CODE_START(\asmsym)
 
 	/* Switch to the regular task stack */
 .Lfrom_usermode_switch_stack_\@:
-	idtentry_body safe_stack_\cfunc, has_error_code=1
+	idtentry_body user_\cfunc, has_error_code=1
 
 _ASM_NOKPROBE(\asmsym)
 SYM_CODE_END(\asmsym)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
index 73d45b0dfff2..cd9f3e304944 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
@@ -312,8 +312,8 @@ static __always_inline void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs)
  */
 #define DECLARE_IDTENTRY_VC(vector, func)				\
 	DECLARE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE(vector, func);			\
-	__visible noinstr void ist_##func(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code);	\
-	__visible noinstr void safe_stack_##func(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
+	__visible noinstr void kernel_##func(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code);	\
+	__visible noinstr void   user_##func(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
 
 /**
  * DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IST - Emit code for IST entry points
@@ -355,33 +355,24 @@ static __always_inline void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs)
 	DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE(func)
 
 /**
- * DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_SAFE_STACK - Emit code for VMM communication handler
-				   which runs on a safe stack.
+ * DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_KERNEL - Emit code for VMM communication handler
+			       when raised from kernel mode
  * @func:	Function name of the entry point
  *
  * Maps to DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE
  */
-#define DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_SAFE_STACK(func)				\
-	DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE(safe_stack_##func)
+#define DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_KERNEL(func)				\
+	DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE(kernel_##func)
 
 /**
- * DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_IST - Emit code for VMM communication handler
-			    which runs on the VC fall-back stack
+ * DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_USER - Emit code for VMM communication handler
+			     when raised from user mode
  * @func:	Function name of the entry point
  *
  * Maps to DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE
  */
-#define DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_IST(func)				\
-	DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE(ist_##func)
-
-/**
- * DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC - Emit code for VMM communication handler
- * @func:	Function name of the entry point
- *
- * Maps to DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE
- */
-#define DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC(func)					\
-	DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE(func)
+#define DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_USER(func)				\
+	DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE(user_##func)
 
 #else	/* CONFIG_X86_64 */
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/sev.c b/arch/x86/kernel/sev.c
index 9f32cbb773d9..87a4b00f028e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/sev.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/sev.c
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ void __init sev_es_init_vc_handling(void)
 	sev_es_setup_play_dead();
 
 	/* Secondary CPUs use the runtime #VC handler */
-	initial_vc_handler = (unsigned long)safe_stack_exc_vmm_communication;
+	initial_vc_handler = (unsigned long)kernel_exc_vmm_communication;
 }
 
 static void __init vc_early_forward_exception(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
@@ -1231,14 +1231,6 @@ static enum es_result vc_handle_trap_ac(struct ghcb *ghcb,
 	return ES_EXCEPTION;
 }
 
-static __always_inline void vc_handle_trap_db(struct pt_regs *regs)
-{
-	if (user_mode(regs))
-		noist_exc_debug(regs);
-	else
-		exc_debug(regs);
-}
-
 static enum es_result vc_handle_exitcode(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
 					 struct ghcb *ghcb,
 					 unsigned long exit_code)
@@ -1334,41 +1326,13 @@ static __always_inline bool on_vc_fallback_stack(struct pt_regs *regs)
 	return (sp >= __this_cpu_ist_bottom_va(VC2) && sp < __this_cpu_ist_top_va(VC2));
 }
 
-/*
- * Main #VC exception handler. It is called when the entry code was able to
- * switch off the IST to a safe kernel stack.
- *
- * With the current implementation it is always possible to switch to a safe
- * stack because #VC exceptions only happen at known places, like intercepted
- * instructions or accesses to MMIO areas/IO ports. They can also happen with
- * code instrumentation when the hypervisor intercepts #DB, but the critical
- * paths are forbidden to be instrumented, so #DB exceptions currently also
- * only happen in safe places.
- */
-DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_SAFE_STACK(exc_vmm_communication)
+static bool vc_raw_handle_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
 {
-	irqentry_state_t irq_state;
 	struct ghcb_state state;
 	struct es_em_ctxt ctxt;
 	enum es_result result;
 	struct ghcb *ghcb;
-
-	/*
-	 * Handle #DB before calling into !noinstr code to avoid recursive #DB.
-	 */
-	if (error_code == SVM_EXIT_EXCP_BASE + X86_TRAP_DB) {
-		vc_handle_trap_db(regs);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	irq_state = irqentry_nmi_enter(regs);
-	instrumentation_begin();
-
-	/*
-	 * This is invoked through an interrupt gate, so IRQs are disabled. The
-	 * code below might walk page-tables for user or kernel addresses, so
-	 * keep the IRQs disabled to protect us against concurrent TLB flushes.
-	 */
+	bool ret = true;
 
 	ghcb = __sev_get_ghcb(&state);
 
@@ -1388,15 +1352,18 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_SAFE_STACK(exc_vmm_communication)
 	case ES_UNSUPPORTED:
 		pr_err_ratelimited("Unsupported exit-code 0x%02lx in #VC exception (IP: 0x%lx)\n",
 				   error_code, regs->ip);
-		goto fail;
+		ret = false;
+		break;
 	case ES_VMM_ERROR:
 		pr_err_ratelimited("Failure in communication with VMM (exit-code 0x%02lx IP: 0x%lx)\n",
 				   error_code, regs->ip);
-		goto fail;
+		ret = false;
+		break;
 	case ES_DECODE_FAILED:
 		pr_err_ratelimited("Failed to decode instruction (exit-code 0x%02lx IP: 0x%lx)\n",
 				   error_code, regs->ip);
-		goto fail;
+		ret = false;
+		break;
 	case ES_EXCEPTION:
 		vc_forward_exception(&ctxt);
 		break;
@@ -1412,24 +1379,52 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_SAFE_STACK(exc_vmm_communication)
 		BUG();
 	}
 
-out:
-	instrumentation_end();
-	irqentry_nmi_exit(regs, irq_state);
+	return ret;
+}
 
-	return;
+static __always_inline bool vc_is_db(unsigned long error_code)
+{
+	return error_code == SVM_EXIT_EXCP_BASE + X86_TRAP_DB;
+}
 
-fail:
-	if (user_mode(regs)) {
-		/*
-		 * Do not kill the machine if user-space triggered the
-		 * exception. Send SIGBUS instead and let user-space deal with
-		 * it.
-		 */
-		force_sig_fault(SIGBUS, BUS_OBJERR, (void __user *)0);
-	} else {
-		pr_emerg("PANIC: Unhandled #VC exception in kernel space (result=%d)\n",
-			 result);
+/*
+ * Runtime #VC exception handler when raised from kernel mode. Runs in NMI mode
+ * and will panic when an error happens.
+ */
+DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_KERNEL(exc_vmm_communication)
+{
+	irqentry_state_t irq_state;
+
+	/*
+	 * With the current implementation it is always possible to switch to a
+	 * safe stack because #VC exceptions only happen at known places, like
+	 * intercepted instructions or accesses to MMIO areas/IO ports. They can
+	 * also happen with code instrumentation when the hypervisor intercepts
+	 * #DB, but the critical paths are forbidden to be instrumented, so #DB
+	 * exceptions currently also only happen in safe places.
+	 *
+	 * But keep this here in case the noinstr annotations are violated due
+	 * to bug elsewhere.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(on_vc_fallback_stack(regs))) {
+		instrumentation_begin();
+		panic("Can't handle #VC exception from unsupported context\n");
+		instrumentation_end();
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Handle #DB before calling into !noinstr code to avoid recursive #DB.
+	 */
+	if (vc_is_db(error_code)) {
+		exc_debug(regs);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	irq_state = irqentry_nmi_enter(regs);
 
+	instrumentation_begin();
+
+	if (!vc_raw_handle_exception(regs, error_code)) {
 		/* Show some debug info */
 		show_regs(regs);
 
@@ -1440,23 +1435,38 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_SAFE_STACK(exc_vmm_communication)
 		panic("Returned from Terminate-Request to Hypervisor\n");
 	}
 
-	goto out;
+	instrumentation_end();
+	irqentry_nmi_exit(regs, irq_state);
 }
 
-/* This handler runs on the #VC fall-back stack. It can cause further #VC exceptions */
-DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_IST(exc_vmm_communication)
+/*
+ * Runtime #VC exception handler when raised from user mode. Runs in IRQ mode
+ * and will kill the current task with SIGBUS when an error happens.
+ */
+DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_USER(exc_vmm_communication)
 {
+	/*
+	 * Handle #DB before calling into !noinstr code to avoid recursive #DB.
+	 */
+	if (vc_is_db(error_code)) {
+		noist_exc_debug(regs);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	irqentry_enter_from_user_mode(regs);
 	instrumentation_begin();
-	panic("Can't handle #VC exception from unsupported context\n");
-	instrumentation_end();
-}
 
-DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC(exc_vmm_communication)
-{
-	if (likely(!on_vc_fallback_stack(regs)))
-		safe_stack_exc_vmm_communication(regs, error_code);
-	else
-		ist_exc_vmm_communication(regs, error_code);
+	if (!vc_raw_handle_exception(regs, error_code)) {
+		/*
+		 * Do not kill the machine if user-space triggered the
+		 * exception. Send SIGBUS instead and let user-space deal with
+		 * it.
+		 */
+		force_sig_fault(SIGBUS, BUS_OBJERR, (void __user *)0);
+	}
+
+	instrumentation_end();
+	irqentry_exit_to_user_mode(regs);
 }
 
 bool __init handle_vc_boot_ghcb(struct pt_regs *regs)
-- 
2.31.1

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Re: [PATCH v7 0/2] x86/sev: Fixes for SEV-ES Guest Support

[Peter Zijlstra]

On Fri, Jun 18, 2021 at 01:54:07PM +0200, Joerg Roedel wrote:
> Joerg Roedel (2):
>   x86/sev: Make sure IRQs are disabled while GHCB is active
>   x86/sev: Split up runtime #VC handler for correct state tracking

Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
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Re: [PATCH v7 0/2] x86/sev: Fixes for SEV-ES Guest Support

[Joerg Roedel]

On Mon, Jun 21, 2021 at 03:13:18PM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Fri, Jun 18, 2021 at 01:54:07PM +0200, Joerg Roedel wrote:
> > Joerg Roedel (2):
> >   x86/sev: Make sure IRQs are disabled while GHCB is active
> >   x86/sev: Split up runtime #VC handler for correct state tracking
> 
> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>

Thanks Peter, also for your help with improving this code.
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