* [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes
@ 2019-04-01 10:32 Wei Liu
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 1/4] pygrub: fix message in grub parser Wei Liu
` (4 more replies)
0 siblings, 5 replies; 12+ messages in thread
From: Wei Liu @ 2019-04-01 10:32 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: xen-devel; +Cc: Wei Liu, m.a.young
Wei Liu (4):
pygrub: fix message in grub parser
pygrub/grub: always use integer for default entry
pygrub: decode string in Python 3
tools/ocaml: make python scripts 2 and 3 compatible
tools/ocaml/libs/xentoollog/genlevels.py | 5 ++++-
tools/ocaml/libs/xl/genwrap.py | 17 ++++++++++-------
tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py | 8 ++++++--
tools/pygrub/src/pygrub | 5 ++++-
4 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
--
2.20.1
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 1/4] pygrub: fix message in grub parser
2019-04-01 10:32 [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes Wei Liu
@ 2019-04-01 10:32 ` Wei Liu
2019-04-01 16:16 ` Andrew Cooper
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 2/4] pygrub/grub: always use integer for default entry Wei Liu
` (3 subsequent siblings)
4 siblings, 1 reply; 12+ messages in thread
From: Wei Liu @ 2019-04-01 10:32 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: xen-devel; +Cc: Ian Jackson, Wei Liu, m.a.young
The code suggests 0 is allowed. Zero is not a positive number.
Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
---
Backport candadiate.
---
tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py b/tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py
index f8d3799dc0..0204d410ac 100644
--- a/tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py
+++ b/tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class _GrubConfigFile(object):
self._default = val
if self._default < 0:
- raise ValueError("default must be positive number")
+ raise ValueError("default must be non-negative number")
default = property(_get_default, _set_default)
def set_splash(self, val):
--
2.20.1
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 2/4] pygrub/grub: always use integer for default entry
2019-04-01 10:32 [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes Wei Liu
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 1/4] pygrub: fix message in grub parser Wei Liu
@ 2019-04-01 10:32 ` Wei Liu
2019-04-01 16:20 ` Andrew Cooper
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 3/4] pygrub: decode string in Python 3 Wei Liu
` (2 subsequent siblings)
4 siblings, 1 reply; 12+ messages in thread
From: Wei Liu @ 2019-04-01 10:32 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: xen-devel; +Cc: Ian Jackson, Wei Liu, m.a.young
The original code set the default to either a string or an integer
(0) and relies on a Python 2 specific behaviour to work (integer is
allowed to be compared to string in Python 2 but not 3).
Always use integer. The caller (pygrub) already has code to handle
that.
Reported-by: M A Young <m.a.young@durham.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
---
tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py | 6 +++++-
1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py b/tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py
index 0204d410ac..594139bac7 100644
--- a/tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py
+++ b/tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py
@@ -233,7 +233,11 @@ class _GrubConfigFile(object):
if val == "saved":
self._default = 0
else:
- self._default = val
+ try:
+ self._default = int(val)
+ except ValueError:
+ logging.warning("Invalid value %s, setting default to 0" %(val,))
+ self._default = 0
if self._default < 0:
raise ValueError("default must be non-negative number")
--
2.20.1
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/4] pygrub: decode string in Python 3
2019-04-01 10:32 [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes Wei Liu
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 1/4] pygrub: fix message in grub parser Wei Liu
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 2/4] pygrub/grub: always use integer for default entry Wei Liu
@ 2019-04-01 10:32 ` Wei Liu
2019-04-01 16:21 ` Andrew Cooper
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 4/4] tools/ocaml: make python scripts 2 and 3 compatible Wei Liu
2019-04-01 20:36 ` [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes YOUNG, MICHAEL A.
4 siblings, 1 reply; 12+ messages in thread
From: Wei Liu @ 2019-04-01 10:32 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: xen-devel; +Cc: Ian Jackson, Wei Liu, m.a.young
String is unicode in 3 but bytes in 2. We need to call decode function
when using Python 3.
Reported-by: M A Young <m.a.young@durham.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
---
tools/pygrub/src/pygrub | 5 ++++-
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/tools/pygrub/src/pygrub b/tools/pygrub/src/pygrub
index dbdce315c6..23312eae76 100755
--- a/tools/pygrub/src/pygrub
+++ b/tools/pygrub/src/pygrub
@@ -457,7 +457,10 @@ class Grub:
# limit read size to avoid pathological cases
buf = f.read(FS_READ_MAX)
del f
- self.cf.parse(buf)
+ if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+ self.cf.parse(buf)
+ else:
+ self.cf.parse(buf.decode())
def image_index(self):
if isinstance(self.cf.default, int):
--
2.20.1
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 4/4] tools/ocaml: make python scripts 2 and 3 compatible
2019-04-01 10:32 [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes Wei Liu
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 3/4] pygrub: decode string in Python 3 Wei Liu
@ 2019-04-01 10:32 ` Wei Liu
2019-04-01 16:22 ` Andrew Cooper
2019-04-01 16:24 ` Christian Lindig
2019-04-01 20:36 ` [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes YOUNG, MICHAEL A.
4 siblings, 2 replies; 12+ messages in thread
From: Wei Liu @ 2019-04-01 10:32 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: xen-devel; +Cc: Ian Jackson, David Scott, Wei Liu, Christian Lindig, m.a.young
1. Explicitly import reduce because that's required in 3.
2. Change print to function.
3. Eliminate invocations of has_key.
Signed-off-by: M A Young <m.a.young@durham.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
---
tools/ocaml/libs/xentoollog/genlevels.py | 5 ++++-
tools/ocaml/libs/xl/genwrap.py | 17 ++++++++++-------
2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff --git a/tools/ocaml/libs/xentoollog/genlevels.py b/tools/ocaml/libs/xentoollog/genlevels.py
index 8c233c59b1..f9cf853e26 100755
--- a/tools/ocaml/libs/xentoollog/genlevels.py
+++ b/tools/ocaml/libs/xentoollog/genlevels.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
#!/usr/bin/python
+from __future__ import print_function
+
import sys
+from functools import reduce
def read_levels():
f = open('../../../libs/toollog/include/xentoollog.h', 'r')
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ def autogen_header(open_comment, close_comment):
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) < 3:
- print >>sys.stderr, "Usage: genlevels.py <mli> <ml> <c-inc>"
+ print("Usage: genlevels.py <mli> <ml> <c-inc>", file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
levels, olevels = read_levels()
diff --git a/tools/ocaml/libs/xl/genwrap.py b/tools/ocaml/libs/xl/genwrap.py
index 815c1cb0e3..7bf26bdcd8 100644
--- a/tools/ocaml/libs/xl/genwrap.py
+++ b/tools/ocaml/libs/xl/genwrap.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
#!/usr/bin/python
+from __future__ import print_function
+
import sys,os
+from functools import reduce
import idl
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ def ocaml_type_of(ty):
elif isinstance(ty,idl.Array):
return "%s array" % ocaml_type_of(ty.elem_type)
elif isinstance(ty,idl.Builtin):
- if not builtins.has_key(ty.typename):
+ if ty.typename not in builtins:
raise NotImplementedError("Unknown Builtin %s (%s)" % (ty.typename, type(ty)))
typename,_,_ = builtins[ty.typename]
if not typename:
@@ -251,7 +254,7 @@ def gen_ocaml_ml(ty, interface, indent=""):
else:
s += "\texternal default : ctx -> %sunit -> t = \"stub_libxl_%s_init\"\n" % (union_args, ty.rawname)
- if functions.has_key(ty.rawname):
+ if ty.rawname in functions:
for name,args in functions[ty.rawname]:
s += "\texternal %s : " % name
s += " -> ".join(args)
@@ -278,7 +281,7 @@ def c_val(ty, c, o, indent="", parent = None):
else:
s += "%s = Int_val(%s);" % (c, o)
elif isinstance(ty,idl.Builtin):
- if not builtins.has_key(ty.typename):
+ if ty.typename not in builtins:
raise NotImplementedError("Unknown Builtin %s (%s)" % (ty.typename, type(ty)))
_,fn,_ = builtins[ty.typename]
if not fn:
@@ -375,7 +378,7 @@ def ocaml_Val(ty, o, c, indent="", parent = None):
else:
s += "%s = Val_int(%s);" % (o, c)
elif isinstance(ty,idl.Builtin):
- if not builtins.has_key(ty.typename):
+ if ty.typename not in builtins:
raise NotImplementedError("Unknown Builtin %s (%s)" % (ty.typename, type(ty)))
_,_,fn = builtins[ty.typename]
if not fn:
@@ -520,7 +523,7 @@ def autogen_header(open_comment, close_comment):
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) < 4:
- print >>sys.stderr, "Usage: genwrap.py <idl> <mli> <ml> <c-inc>"
+ print("Usage: genwrap.py <idl> <mli> <ml> <c-inc>", file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
(_,types) = idl.parse(sys.argv[1])
@@ -533,7 +536,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
for t in blacklist:
if t not in [ty.rawname for ty in types]:
- print "unknown type %s in blacklist" % t
+ print("unknown type %s in blacklist" % t)
types = [ty for ty in types if not ty.rawname in blacklist]
@@ -564,7 +567,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
cinc.write("\n")
cinc.write(gen_Val_ocaml(ty))
cinc.write("\n")
- if functions.has_key(ty.rawname):
+ if ty.rawname in functions:
cinc.write(gen_c_stub_prototype(ty, functions[ty.rawname]))
cinc.write("\n")
if ty.init_fn is not None:
--
2.20.1
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 1/4] pygrub: fix message in grub parser
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 1/4] pygrub: fix message in grub parser Wei Liu
@ 2019-04-01 16:16 ` Andrew Cooper
0 siblings, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread
From: Andrew Cooper @ 2019-04-01 16:16 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Wei Liu, xen-devel; +Cc: Ian Jackson, m.a.young
On 01/04/2019 11:32, Wei Liu wrote:
> The code suggests 0 is allowed. Zero is not a positive number.
>
> Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
I suspect you are opening a can of number theory worms with that commit
message, but the overall change is an improvement.
Acked-by: Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@citrix.com>
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 2/4] pygrub/grub: always use integer for default entry
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 2/4] pygrub/grub: always use integer for default entry Wei Liu
@ 2019-04-01 16:20 ` Andrew Cooper
0 siblings, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread
From: Andrew Cooper @ 2019-04-01 16:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Wei Liu, xen-devel; +Cc: Ian Jackson, m.a.young
On 01/04/2019 11:32, Wei Liu wrote:
> The original code set the default to either a string or an integer
> (0) and relies on a Python 2 specific behaviour to work (integer is
> allowed to be compared to string in Python 2 but not 3).
>
> Always use integer. The caller (pygrub) already has code to handle
> that.
>
> Reported-by: M A Young <m.a.young@durham.ac.uk>
> Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@citrix.com>
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 3/4] pygrub: decode string in Python 3
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 3/4] pygrub: decode string in Python 3 Wei Liu
@ 2019-04-01 16:21 ` Andrew Cooper
0 siblings, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread
From: Andrew Cooper @ 2019-04-01 16:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Wei Liu, xen-devel; +Cc: Ian Jackson, m.a.young
On 01/04/2019 11:32, Wei Liu wrote:
> String is unicode in 3 but bytes in 2. We need to call decode function
> when using Python 3.
>
> Reported-by: M A Young <m.a.young@durham.ac.uk>
> Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@citrix.com>
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 4/4] tools/ocaml: make python scripts 2 and 3 compatible
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 4/4] tools/ocaml: make python scripts 2 and 3 compatible Wei Liu
@ 2019-04-01 16:22 ` Andrew Cooper
2019-04-01 16:24 ` Christian Lindig
1 sibling, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread
From: Andrew Cooper @ 2019-04-01 16:22 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Wei Liu, xen-devel; +Cc: m.a.young, Ian Jackson, Christian Lindig, David Scott
On 01/04/2019 11:32, Wei Liu wrote:
> 1. Explicitly import reduce because that's required in 3.
> 2. Change print to function.
> 3. Eliminate invocations of has_key.
>
> Signed-off-by: M A Young <m.a.young@durham.ac.uk>
> Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@citrix.com>
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 4/4] tools/ocaml: make python scripts 2 and 3 compatible
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 4/4] tools/ocaml: make python scripts 2 and 3 compatible Wei Liu
2019-04-01 16:22 ` Andrew Cooper
@ 2019-04-01 16:24 ` Christian Lindig
1 sibling, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread
From: Christian Lindig @ 2019-04-01 16:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Wei Liu; +Cc: Xen-devel, Ian Jackson, David Scott, Michael Young
> On 1 Apr 2019, at 11:32, Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com> wrote:
>
> 1. Explicitly import reduce because that's required in 3.
> 2. Change print to function.
> 3. Eliminate invocations of has_key.
>
> Signed-off-by: M A Young <m.a.young@durham.ac.uk>
> Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Christian Lindig <christian.lindig@citrix.com>
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes
2019-04-01 10:32 [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes Wei Liu
` (3 preceding siblings ...)
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 4/4] tools/ocaml: make python scripts 2 and 3 compatible Wei Liu
@ 2019-04-01 20:36 ` YOUNG, MICHAEL A.
2019-04-02 8:18 ` Wei Liu
4 siblings, 1 reply; 12+ messages in thread
From: YOUNG, MICHAEL A. @ 2019-04-01 20:36 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Wei Liu; +Cc: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 999 bytes --]
On Mon, 1 Apr 2019, Wei Liu wrote:
> Wei Liu (4):
> pygrub: fix message in grub parser
> pygrub/grub: always use integer for default entry
> pygrub: decode string in Python 3
> tools/ocaml: make python scripts 2 and 3 compatible
>
> tools/ocaml/libs/xentoollog/genlevels.py | 5 ++++-
> tools/ocaml/libs/xl/genwrap.py | 17 ++++++++++-------
> tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py | 8 ++++++--
> tools/pygrub/src/pygrub | 5 ++++-
> 4 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
There is a bit missing compared to my original patch which is to convert
the string back to bytes for the final write out and avoid the error
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/tmp/xencode/usr/libexec/xen/bin/pygrub", line 967, in <module>
os.write(fd, ostring)
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
The attached patch works for me in a quick test on python3 though I
haven't tested it on python2 yet.
Michael Young
[-- Attachment #2: python3.patch --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Size: 445 bytes --]
--- xen-4.12.0/tools/pygrub/src/pygrub.orig 2019-04-01 21:25:33.206405995 +0100
+++ xen-4.12.0/tools/pygrub/src/pygrub 2019-04-01 21:27:36.179929105 +0100
@@ -963,5 +963,8 @@
ostring = format_simple(bootcfg["kernel"], bootcfg["ramdisk"], args, "\0")
sys.stdout.flush()
- os.write(fd, ostring)
+ if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+ os.write(fd, ostring)
+ else:
+ os.write(fd, ostring.encode())
[-- Attachment #3: Type: text/plain, Size: 157 bytes --]
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes
2019-04-01 20:36 ` [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes YOUNG, MICHAEL A.
@ 2019-04-02 8:18 ` Wei Liu
0 siblings, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread
From: Wei Liu @ 2019-04-02 8:18 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: YOUNG, MICHAEL A.; +Cc: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org, Wei Liu
On Mon, Apr 01, 2019 at 08:36:44PM +0000, YOUNG, MICHAEL A. wrote:
> On Mon, 1 Apr 2019, Wei Liu wrote:
>
> > Wei Liu (4):
> > pygrub: fix message in grub parser
> > pygrub/grub: always use integer for default entry
> > pygrub: decode string in Python 3
> > tools/ocaml: make python scripts 2 and 3 compatible
> >
> > tools/ocaml/libs/xentoollog/genlevels.py | 5 ++++-
> > tools/ocaml/libs/xl/genwrap.py | 17 ++++++++++-------
> > tools/pygrub/src/GrubConf.py | 8 ++++++--
> > tools/pygrub/src/pygrub | 5 ++++-
> > 4 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
>
> There is a bit missing compared to my original patch which is to convert
> the string back to bytes for the final write out and avoid the error
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
> File "/tmp/xencode/usr/libexec/xen/bin/pygrub", line 967, in <module>
> os.write(fd, ostring)
> TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
>
> The attached patch works for me in a quick test on python3 though I
> haven't tested it on python2 yet.
>
> Michael Young
> --- xen-4.12.0/tools/pygrub/src/pygrub.orig 2019-04-01 21:25:33.206405995 +0100
> +++ xen-4.12.0/tools/pygrub/src/pygrub 2019-04-01 21:27:36.179929105 +0100
> @@ -963,5 +963,8 @@
> ostring = format_simple(bootcfg["kernel"], bootcfg["ramdisk"], args, "\0")
>
> sys.stdout.flush()
> - os.write(fd, ostring)
> + if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
> + os.write(fd, ostring)
> + else:
> + os.write(fd, ostring.encode())
>
This should work. I will fold this in to the pygrub patch.
Thanks for spotting my mistake.
Wei.
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
end of thread, other threads:[~2019-04-02 8:18 UTC | newest]
Thread overview: 12+ messages (download: mbox.gz follow: Atom feed
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2019-04-01 10:32 [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes Wei Liu
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 1/4] pygrub: fix message in grub parser Wei Liu
2019-04-01 16:16 ` Andrew Cooper
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 2/4] pygrub/grub: always use integer for default entry Wei Liu
2019-04-01 16:20 ` Andrew Cooper
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 3/4] pygrub: decode string in Python 3 Wei Liu
2019-04-01 16:21 ` Andrew Cooper
2019-04-01 10:32 ` [PATCH 4/4] tools/ocaml: make python scripts 2 and 3 compatible Wei Liu
2019-04-01 16:22 ` Andrew Cooper
2019-04-01 16:24 ` Christian Lindig
2019-04-01 20:36 ` [PATCH 0/4] More python fixes YOUNG, MICHAEL A.
2019-04-02 8:18 ` Wei Liu
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).