xen-devel.lists.xenproject.org archive mirror
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Wei Wang <wei.wang2@amd.com>
To: Santosh Jodh <santosh.jodh@citrix.com>
Cc: xen-devel@lists.xensource.com, tim@xen.org, xiantao.zhang@intel.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH] dump_p2m_table: For IOMMU
Date: Mon, 13 Aug 2012 12:31:57 +0200	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <5028D79D.3030009@amd.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <9c7609a4fbc117b1600f.1344626094@REDBLD-XS.ad.xensource.com>

Hi Santosh
Please some outputs below, gfn still seems incorrect.
Thanks
Wei


(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023ac
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f83d
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023ab
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f83c
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023aa
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f83b
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023a9
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f83a
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023a8
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f839
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023a7
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f838
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023a6
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f837
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023a5
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f836
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023a4
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f835
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023a3
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f834
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023a2
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f833
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023a1
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f832
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 001023a0
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f831
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010239f
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f830
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010239e
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f82f
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010239d
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f82e
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010239c
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f82d
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010239b
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f82c
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010239a
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f82b
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102399
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f82a
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102398
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f829
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102397
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f828
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102396
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f827
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102395
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f826
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102394
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f825
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102393
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f824
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102392
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f823
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102391
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f822
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102390
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f821
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010238f
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f820
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010238e
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f81f
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010238d
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f81e
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010238c
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f81d
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010238b
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f81c
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010238a
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f81b
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102389
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f81a
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102388
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f819
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102387
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f818
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102386
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f817
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102385
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f816
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102384
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f815
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102383
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f814
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102382
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f813
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102381
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f812
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102380
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f811
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010217f
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f810
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010217e
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f80f
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010217d
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f80e
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010217c
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f80d
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010217b
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f80c
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0010217a
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 0023f80b
(XEN)     gfn: 000000f0  mfn: 00102179
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 0023f806
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 0023f809
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 001025f1
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 0023f807
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 001025f0
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 001025ef
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 0023f805
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 001025ee
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 0023f804
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 001025ed
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 0023f803
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 001025ec
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 0023f802
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 001025eb
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 0023f801
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 001025ea
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fc  mfn: 0023f800
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fe  mfn: 000812b0
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fe  mfn: 0010a085
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fe  mfn: 0021f60c
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fe  mfn: 0010a084
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fe  mfn: 0021f60b
(XEN)     gfn: 000000fe  mfn: 0010a083



On 08/10/2012 09:14 PM, Santosh Jodh wrote:
> New key handler 'o' to dump the IOMMU p2m table for each domain.
> Skips dumping table for domain0.
> Intel and AMD specific iommu_ops handler for dumping p2m table.
>
> Signed-off-by: Santosh Jodh<santosh.jodh@citrix.com>
>
> diff -r 472fc515a463 -r 9c7609a4fbc1 xen/drivers/passthrough/amd/pci_amd_iommu.c
> --- a/xen/drivers/passthrough/amd/pci_amd_iommu.c	Tue Aug 07 18:37:31 2012 +0100
> +++ b/xen/drivers/passthrough/amd/pci_amd_iommu.c	Fri Aug 10 08:19:58 2012 -0700
> @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
>   #include<xen/pci.h>
>   #include<xen/pci_regs.h>
>   #include<xen/paging.h>
> +#include<xen/softirq.h>
>   #include<asm/hvm/iommu.h>
>   #include<asm/amd-iommu.h>
>   #include<asm/hvm/svm/amd-iommu-proto.h>
> @@ -512,6 +513,80 @@ static int amd_iommu_group_id(u16 seg, u
>
>   #include<asm/io_apic.h>
>
> +static void amd_dump_p2m_table_level(struct page_info* pg, int level,
> +                                     paddr_t gpa, int indent)
> +{
> +    paddr_t address;
> +    void *table_vaddr, *pde;
> +    paddr_t next_table_maddr;
> +    int index, next_level, present;
> +    u32 *entry;
> +
> +    if ( level<  1 )
> +        return;
> +
> +    table_vaddr = __map_domain_page(pg);
> +    if ( table_vaddr == NULL )
> +    {
> +        printk("Failed to map IOMMU domain page %"PRIpaddr"\n",
> +                page_to_maddr(pg));
> +        return;
> +    }
> +
> +    for ( index = 0; index<  PTE_PER_TABLE_SIZE; index++ )
> +    {
> +        if ( !(index % 2) )
> +            process_pending_softirqs();
> +
> +        pde = table_vaddr + (index * IOMMU_PAGE_TABLE_ENTRY_SIZE);
> +        next_table_maddr = amd_iommu_get_next_table_from_pte(pde);
> +        entry = (u32*)pde;
> +
> +        present = get_field_from_reg_u32(entry[0],
> +                                         IOMMU_PDE_PRESENT_MASK,
> +                                         IOMMU_PDE_PRESENT_SHIFT);
> +
> +        if ( !present )
> +            continue;
> +
> +        next_level = get_field_from_reg_u32(entry[0],
> +                                            IOMMU_PDE_NEXT_LEVEL_MASK,
> +                                            IOMMU_PDE_NEXT_LEVEL_SHIFT);
> +
> +        address = gpa + amd_offset_level_address(index, level);
> +        if ( (next_table_maddr != 0)&&  (next_level != 0) )
> +        {
> +            amd_dump_p2m_table_level(
> +                maddr_to_page(next_table_maddr), level - 1,
> +                address, indent + 1);
> +        }
> +        else
> +        {
> +            int i;
> +
> +            for ( i = 0; i<  indent; i++ )
> +                printk("  ");
> +
> +            printk("gfn: %08lx  mfn: %08lx\n",
> +                   (unsigned long)PFN_DOWN(address),
> +                   (unsigned long)PFN_DOWN(next_table_maddr));
> +        }
> +    }
> +
> +    unmap_domain_page(table_vaddr);
> +}
> +
> +static void amd_dump_p2m_table(struct domain *d)
> +{
> +    struct hvm_iommu *hd  = domain_hvm_iommu(d);
> +
> +    if ( !hd->root_table )
> +        return;
> +
> +    printk("p2m table has %d levels\n", hd->paging_mode);
> +    amd_dump_p2m_table_level(hd->root_table, hd->paging_mode, 0, 0);
> +}
> +
>   const struct iommu_ops amd_iommu_ops = {
>       .init = amd_iommu_domain_init,
>       .dom0_init = amd_iommu_dom0_init,
> @@ -531,4 +606,5 @@ const struct iommu_ops amd_iommu_ops = {
>       .resume = amd_iommu_resume,
>       .share_p2m = amd_iommu_share_p2m,
>       .crash_shutdown = amd_iommu_suspend,
> +    .dump_p2m_table = amd_dump_p2m_table,
>   };
> diff -r 472fc515a463 -r 9c7609a4fbc1 xen/drivers/passthrough/iommu.c
> --- a/xen/drivers/passthrough/iommu.c	Tue Aug 07 18:37:31 2012 +0100
> +++ b/xen/drivers/passthrough/iommu.c	Fri Aug 10 08:19:58 2012 -0700
> @@ -18,11 +18,13 @@
>   #include<asm/hvm/iommu.h>
>   #include<xen/paging.h>
>   #include<xen/guest_access.h>
> +#include<xen/keyhandler.h>
>   #include<xen/softirq.h>
>   #include<xsm/xsm.h>
>
>   static void parse_iommu_param(char *s);
>   static int iommu_populate_page_table(struct domain *d);
> +static void iommu_dump_p2m_table(unsigned char key);
>
>   /*
>    * The 'iommu' parameter enables the IOMMU.  Optional comma separated
> @@ -54,6 +56,12 @@ bool_t __read_mostly amd_iommu_perdev_in
>
>   DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool_t, iommu_dont_flush_iotlb);
>
> +static struct keyhandler iommu_p2m_table = {
> +    .diagnostic = 0,
> +    .u.fn = iommu_dump_p2m_table,
> +    .desc = "dump iommu p2m table"
> +};
> +
>   static void __init parse_iommu_param(char *s)
>   {
>       char *ss;
> @@ -119,6 +127,7 @@ void __init iommu_dom0_init(struct domai
>       if ( !iommu_enabled )
>           return;
>
> +    register_keyhandler('o',&iommu_p2m_table);
>       d->need_iommu = !!iommu_dom0_strict;
>       if ( need_iommu(d) )
>       {
> @@ -654,6 +663,34 @@ int iommu_do_domctl(
>       return ret;
>   }
>
> +static void iommu_dump_p2m_table(unsigned char key)
> +{
> +    struct domain *d;
> +    const struct iommu_ops *ops;
> +
> +    if ( !iommu_enabled )
> +    {
> +        printk("IOMMU not enabled!\n");
> +        return;
> +    }
> +
> +    ops = iommu_get_ops();
> +    for_each_domain(d)
> +    {
> +        if ( !d->domain_id )
> +            continue;
> +
> +        if ( iommu_use_hap_pt(d) )
> +        {
> +            printk("\ndomain%d IOMMU p2m table shared with MMU: \n", d->domain_id);
> +            continue;
> +        }
> +
> +        printk("\ndomain%d IOMMU p2m table: \n", d->domain_id);
> +        ops->dump_p2m_table(d);
> +    }
> +}
> +
>   /*
>    * Local variables:
>    * mode: C
> diff -r 472fc515a463 -r 9c7609a4fbc1 xen/drivers/passthrough/vtd/iommu.c
> --- a/xen/drivers/passthrough/vtd/iommu.c	Tue Aug 07 18:37:31 2012 +0100
> +++ b/xen/drivers/passthrough/vtd/iommu.c	Fri Aug 10 08:19:58 2012 -0700
> @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
>   #include<xen/pci.h>
>   #include<xen/pci_regs.h>
>   #include<xen/keyhandler.h>
> +#include<xen/softirq.h>
>   #include<asm/msi.h>
>   #include<asm/irq.h>
>   #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
> @@ -2365,6 +2366,71 @@ static void vtd_resume(void)
>       }
>   }
>
> +static void vtd_dump_p2m_table_level(paddr_t pt_maddr, int level, paddr_t gpa,
> +                                     int indent)
> +{
> +    paddr_t address;
> +    int i;
> +    struct dma_pte *pt_vaddr, *pte;
> +    int next_level;
> +
> +    if ( pt_maddr == 0 )
> +        return;
> +
> +    pt_vaddr = map_vtd_domain_page(pt_maddr);
> +    if ( pt_vaddr == NULL )
> +    {
> +        printk("Failed to map VT-D domain page %"PRIpaddr"\n", pt_maddr);
> +        return;
> +    }
> +
> +    next_level = level - 1;
> +    for ( i = 0; i<  PTE_NUM; i++ )
> +    {
> +        if ( !(i % 2) )
> +            process_pending_softirqs();
> +
> +        pte =&pt_vaddr[i];
> +        if ( !dma_pte_present(*pte) )
> +            continue;
> +
> +        address = gpa + offset_level_address(i, level);
> +        if ( next_level>= 1 )
> +        {
> +            vtd_dump_p2m_table_level(dma_pte_addr(*pte), next_level,
> +                                     address, indent + 1);
> +        }
> +        else
> +        {
> +            int j;
> +
> +            for ( j = 0; j<  indent; j++ )
> +                printk("  ");
> +
> +            printk("gfn: %08lx mfn: %08lx super=%d rd=%d wr=%d\n",
> +                   (unsigned long)(address>>  PAGE_SHIFT_4K),
> +                   (unsigned long)(pte->val>>  PAGE_SHIFT_4K),
> +                   dma_pte_superpage(*pte)? 1 : 0,
> +                   dma_pte_read(*pte)? 1 : 0,
> +                   dma_pte_write(*pte)? 1 : 0);
> +        }
> +    }
> +
> +    unmap_vtd_domain_page(pt_vaddr);
> +}
> +
> +static void vtd_dump_p2m_table(struct domain *d)
> +{
> +    struct hvm_iommu *hd;
> +
> +    if ( list_empty(&acpi_drhd_units) )
> +        return;
> +
> +    hd = domain_hvm_iommu(d);
> +    printk("p2m table has %d levels\n", agaw_to_level(hd->agaw));
> +    vtd_dump_p2m_table_level(hd->pgd_maddr, agaw_to_level(hd->agaw), 0, 0);
> +}
> +
>   const struct iommu_ops intel_iommu_ops = {
>       .init = intel_iommu_domain_init,
>       .dom0_init = intel_iommu_dom0_init,
> @@ -2387,6 +2453,7 @@ const struct iommu_ops intel_iommu_ops =
>       .crash_shutdown = vtd_crash_shutdown,
>       .iotlb_flush = intel_iommu_iotlb_flush,
>       .iotlb_flush_all = intel_iommu_iotlb_flush_all,
> +    .dump_p2m_table = vtd_dump_p2m_table,
>   };
>
>   /*
> diff -r 472fc515a463 -r 9c7609a4fbc1 xen/drivers/passthrough/vtd/iommu.h
> --- a/xen/drivers/passthrough/vtd/iommu.h	Tue Aug 07 18:37:31 2012 +0100
> +++ b/xen/drivers/passthrough/vtd/iommu.h	Fri Aug 10 08:19:58 2012 -0700
> @@ -248,6 +248,8 @@ struct context_entry {
>   #define level_to_offset_bits(l) (12 + (l - 1) * LEVEL_STRIDE)
>   #define address_level_offset(addr, level) \
>               ((addr>>  level_to_offset_bits(level))&  LEVEL_MASK)
> +#define offset_level_address(offset, level) \
> +            ((u64)(offset)<<  level_to_offset_bits(level))
>   #define level_mask(l) (((u64)(-1))<<  level_to_offset_bits(l))
>   #define level_size(l) (1<<  level_to_offset_bits(l))
>   #define align_to_level(addr, l) ((addr + level_size(l) - 1)&  level_mask(l))
> @@ -277,6 +279,9 @@ struct dma_pte {
>   #define dma_set_pte_addr(p, addr) do {\
>               (p).val |= ((addr)&  PAGE_MASK_4K); } while (0)
>   #define dma_pte_present(p) (((p).val&  3) != 0)
> +#define dma_pte_superpage(p) (((p).val&  (1<<7)) != 0)
> +#define dma_pte_read(p) (((p).val&  DMA_PTE_READ) != 0)
> +#define dma_pte_write(p) (((p).val&  DMA_PTE_WRITE) != 0)
>
>   /* interrupt remap entry */
>   struct iremap_entry {
> diff -r 472fc515a463 -r 9c7609a4fbc1 xen/include/asm-x86/hvm/svm/amd-iommu-defs.h
> --- a/xen/include/asm-x86/hvm/svm/amd-iommu-defs.h	Tue Aug 07 18:37:31 2012 +0100
> +++ b/xen/include/asm-x86/hvm/svm/amd-iommu-defs.h	Fri Aug 10 08:19:58 2012 -0700
> @@ -38,6 +38,10 @@
>   #define PTE_PER_TABLE_ALLOC(entries)	\
>   	PAGE_SIZE * (PTE_PER_TABLE_ALIGN(entries)>>  PTE_PER_TABLE_SHIFT)
>
> +#define amd_offset_level_address(offset, level) \
> +      	((u64)(offset)<<  ((PTE_PER_TABLE_SHIFT * \
> +                             (level - IOMMU_PAGING_MODE_LEVEL_1))))
> +
>   #define PCI_MIN_CAP_OFFSET	0x40
>   #define PCI_MAX_CAP_BLOCKS	48
>   #define PCI_CAP_PTR_MASK	0xFC
> diff -r 472fc515a463 -r 9c7609a4fbc1 xen/include/xen/iommu.h
> --- a/xen/include/xen/iommu.h	Tue Aug 07 18:37:31 2012 +0100
> +++ b/xen/include/xen/iommu.h	Fri Aug 10 08:19:58 2012 -0700
> @@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ struct iommu_ops {
>       void (*crash_shutdown)(void);
>       void (*iotlb_flush)(struct domain *d, unsigned long gfn, unsigned int page_count);
>       void (*iotlb_flush_all)(struct domain *d);
> +    void (*dump_p2m_table)(struct domain *d);
>   };
>
>   void iommu_update_ire_from_apic(unsigned int apic, unsigned int reg, unsigned int value);
>

  parent reply	other threads:[~2012-08-13 10:31 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 24+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2012-08-10 19:14 [PATCH] dump_p2m_table: For IOMMU Santosh Jodh
2012-08-13  8:59 ` Jan Beulich
2012-08-14 19:34   ` Santosh Jodh
2012-08-13 10:31 ` Wei Wang [this message]
  -- strict thread matches above, loose matches on Subject: below --
2012-08-10  1:43 Santosh Jodh
2012-08-10  7:49 ` Jan Beulich
2012-08-10 12:31 ` Wei Wang
2012-08-10 13:02   ` Jan Beulich
2012-08-10 15:02   ` Santosh Jodh
2012-08-08 17:17 Santosh Jodh
2012-08-09  7:26 ` Jan Beulich
2012-08-10  1:41   ` Santosh Jodh
2012-08-10 10:50   ` Wei Wang
2012-08-10 12:52     ` Jan Beulich
2012-08-10 13:41       ` Wei Wang
2012-08-10 14:24         ` Jan Beulich
2012-08-08 15:56 Santosh Jodh
2012-08-08 16:21 ` Jan Beulich
2012-08-08 17:17   ` Santosh Jodh
2012-08-07 14:49 Santosh Jodh
2012-08-07 15:52 ` Jan Beulich
2012-08-07 16:16   ` Santosh Jodh
2012-08-08  7:31 ` Jan Beulich
2012-08-08 15:32   ` Santosh Jodh

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=5028D79D.3030009@amd.com \
    --to=wei.wang2@amd.com \
    --cc=santosh.jodh@citrix.com \
    --cc=tim@xen.org \
    --cc=xen-devel@lists.xensource.com \
    --cc=xiantao.zhang@intel.com \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).