Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Theodore Ts'o]

Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:

-	if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
+	if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
		memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));

Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...

	    					- Ted

Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Theodore Ts'o]

Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:

-	if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
+	if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
		memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));

Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...

	    					- Ted

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Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Minchan Kim]

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 8:48 AM, Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
>
> Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
> make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
> unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:
>
> -       if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
> +       if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
>                memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));
>
> Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...

I support it.

Recently Steven tried to gather the information.
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1072767
Maybe he might have a number for that.


>
>                                                - Ted
>
> --
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>



-- 
Kind regards,
Minchan Kim

Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Minchan Kim]

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 8:48 AM, Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
>
> Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
> make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
> unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:
>
> -       if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
> +       if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
>                memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));
>
> Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...

I support it.

Recently Steven tried to gather the information.
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1072767
Maybe he might have a number for that.


>
>                                                - Ted
>
> --
> To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
> the body to majordomo@kvack.org.  For more info on Linux MM,
> see: http://www.linux-mm.org/ .
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>



-- 
Kind regards,
Minchan Kim

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Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Pekka Enberg]

Hi,

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 8:48 AM, Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
>> Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
>> make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
>> unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:
>>
>> -       if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
>> +       if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
>>                memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));
>>
>> Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
> I support it.

I guess the rationale here is that if you're going to take the hit of
memset() you can take the hit of unlikely() as well. We're optimizing
for hot call-sites that allocate a small amount of memory and
initialize everything themselves. That said, I don't think the
unlikely() annotation matters much either way and am for removing it
unless people object to that.

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
> Recently Steven tried to gather the information.
> http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1072767
> Maybe he might have a number for that.

That would be interesting, sure.

Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Pekka Enberg]

Hi,

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 8:48 AM, Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
>> Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
>> make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
>> unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:
>>
>> -       if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
>> +       if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
>>                memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));
>>
>> Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
> I support it.

I guess the rationale here is that if you're going to take the hit of
memset() you can take the hit of unlikely() as well. We're optimizing
for hot call-sites that allocate a small amount of memory and
initialize everything themselves. That said, I don't think the
unlikely() annotation matters much either way and am for removing it
unless people object to that.

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
> Recently Steven tried to gather the information.
> http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1072767
> Maybe he might have a number for that.

That would be interesting, sure.

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Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Steven Rostedt]

On Mon, 2011-01-03 at 09:40 +0200, Pekka Enberg wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 8:48 AM, Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
> >> Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
> >> make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
> >> unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:
> >>
> >> -       if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
> >> +       if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
> >>                memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));
> >>
> >> Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...
> 
> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
> > I support it.
> 
> I guess the rationale here is that if you're going to take the hit of
> memset() you can take the hit of unlikely() as well. We're optimizing
> for hot call-sites that allocate a small amount of memory and
> initialize everything themselves. That said, I don't think the
> unlikely() annotation matters much either way and am for removing it
> unless people object to that.
> 
> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
> > Recently Steven tried to gather the information.
> > http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1072767
> > Maybe he might have a number for that.
> 
> That would be interesting, sure.

Note, you could do it yourself too. Just enable:

  Kernel Hacking -> Tracers -> Branch Profiling
    (Trace likely/unlikely profiler)

   CONFIG_PROFILE_ANNOTATED_BRANCHES

Then search /debug/tracing/trace_stats/branch_annotated.

(hmm, the help in Kconfig is wrong, I need to fix that)


Anyway, here's my box. I just started it an hour ago, and have not been
doing too much on it yet. But here's what I got (using SLUB)


 correct incorrect  %        Function                  File              Line
 ------- ---------  -        --------                  ----              ----
 6890998  2784830  28        slab_alloc                slub.c            1719

That's incorrect 28% of the time.

-- Steve

Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Steven Rostedt]

On Mon, 2011-01-03 at 09:40 +0200, Pekka Enberg wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 8:48 AM, Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
> >> Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
> >> make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
> >> unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:
> >>
> >> -       if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
> >> +       if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
> >>                memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));
> >>
> >> Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...
> 
> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
> > I support it.
> 
> I guess the rationale here is that if you're going to take the hit of
> memset() you can take the hit of unlikely() as well. We're optimizing
> for hot call-sites that allocate a small amount of memory and
> initialize everything themselves. That said, I don't think the
> unlikely() annotation matters much either way and am for removing it
> unless people object to that.
> 
> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
> > Recently Steven tried to gather the information.
> > http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1072767
> > Maybe he might have a number for that.
> 
> That would be interesting, sure.

Note, you could do it yourself too. Just enable:

  Kernel Hacking -> Tracers -> Branch Profiling
    (Trace likely/unlikely profiler)

   CONFIG_PROFILE_ANNOTATED_BRANCHES

Then search /debug/tracing/trace_stats/branch_annotated.

(hmm, the help in Kconfig is wrong, I need to fix that)


Anyway, here's my box. I just started it an hour ago, and have not been
doing too much on it yet. But here's what I got (using SLUB)


 correct incorrect  %        Function                  File              Line
 ------- ---------  -        --------                  ----              ----
 6890998  2784830  28        slab_alloc                slub.c            1719

That's incorrect 28% of the time.

-- Steve


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Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Pekka Enberg]

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 3:45 PM, Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> wrote:
> On Mon, 2011-01-03 at 09:40 +0200, Pekka Enberg wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 8:48 AM, Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
>> >> Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
>> >> make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
>> >> unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:
>> >>
>> >> -       if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
>> >> +       if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
>> >>                memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));
>> >>
>> >> Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...
>>
>> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
>> > I support it.
>>
>> I guess the rationale here is that if you're going to take the hit of
>> memset() you can take the hit of unlikely() as well. We're optimizing
>> for hot call-sites that allocate a small amount of memory and
>> initialize everything themselves. That said, I don't think the
>> unlikely() annotation matters much either way and am for removing it
>> unless people object to that.
>>
>> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
>> > Recently Steven tried to gather the information.
>> > http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1072767
>> > Maybe he might have a number for that.
>>
>> That would be interesting, sure.
>
> Note, you could do it yourself too. Just enable:
>
>  Kernel Hacking -> Tracers -> Branch Profiling
>    (Trace likely/unlikely profiler)
>
>   CONFIG_PROFILE_ANNOTATED_BRANCHES
>
> Then search /debug/tracing/trace_stats/branch_annotated.
>
> (hmm, the help in Kconfig is wrong, I need to fix that)
>
>
> Anyway, here's my box. I just started it an hour ago, and have not been
> doing too much on it yet. But here's what I got (using SLUB)
>
>
>  correct incorrect  %        Function                  File              Line
>  ------- ---------  -        --------                  ----              ----
>  6890998  2784830  28        slab_alloc                slub.c            1719
>
> That's incorrect 28% of the time.

Thanks! AFAICT, that number is high enough to justify removing the
unlikely() annotations, no?

Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Pekka Enberg]

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 3:45 PM, Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> wrote:
> On Mon, 2011-01-03 at 09:40 +0200, Pekka Enberg wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 8:48 AM, Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
>> >> Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
>> >> make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
>> >> unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:
>> >>
>> >> -       if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
>> >> +       if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
>> >>                memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));
>> >>
>> >> Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...
>>
>> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
>> > I support it.
>>
>> I guess the rationale here is that if you're going to take the hit of
>> memset() you can take the hit of unlikely() as well. We're optimizing
>> for hot call-sites that allocate a small amount of memory and
>> initialize everything themselves. That said, I don't think the
>> unlikely() annotation matters much either way and am for removing it
>> unless people object to that.
>>
>> On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 5:46 AM, Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> wrote:
>> > Recently Steven tried to gather the information.
>> > http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1072767
>> > Maybe he might have a number for that.
>>
>> That would be interesting, sure.
>
> Note, you could do it yourself too. Just enable:
>
>  Kernel Hacking -> Tracers -> Branch Profiling
>    (Trace likely/unlikely profiler)
>
>   CONFIG_PROFILE_ANNOTATED_BRANCHES
>
> Then search /debug/tracing/trace_stats/branch_annotated.
>
> (hmm, the help in Kconfig is wrong, I need to fix that)
>
>
> Anyway, here's my box. I just started it an hour ago, and have not been
> doing too much on it yet. But here's what I got (using SLUB)
>
>
>  correct incorrect  %        Function                  File              Line
>  ------- ---------  -        --------                  ----              ----
>  6890998  2784830  28        slab_alloc                slub.c            1719
>
> That's incorrect 28% of the time.

Thanks! AFAICT, that number is high enough to justify removing the
unlikely() annotations, no?

--
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Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Steven Rostedt]

On Mon, 2011-01-03 at 16:10 +0200, Pekka Enberg wrote:

> >  correct incorrect  %        Function                  File              Line
> >  ------- ---------  -        --------                  ----              ----
> >  6890998  2784830  28        slab_alloc                slub.c            1719
> >
> > That's incorrect 28% of the time.
> 
> Thanks! AFAICT, that number is high enough to justify removing the
> unlikely() annotations, no?

Personally, I think anything that is incorrect more that 5% of the time
should not have any annotation.

My rule is to use the annotation when a branch goes one way 95% or more.
With the exception of times when we want a particular path to be the
faster path, because we know its in a more critical position (as there
are cases in the scheduler and the tracing infrastructure itself).

But here, I think removing it is the right decision.

-- Steve

Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Steven Rostedt]

On Mon, 2011-01-03 at 16:10 +0200, Pekka Enberg wrote:

> >  correct incorrect  %        Function                  File              Line
> >  ------- ---------  -        --------                  ----              ----
> >  6890998  2784830  28        slab_alloc                slub.c            1719
> >
> > That's incorrect 28% of the time.
> 
> Thanks! AFAICT, that number is high enough to justify removing the
> unlikely() annotations, no?

Personally, I think anything that is incorrect more that 5% of the time
should not have any annotation.

My rule is to use the annotation when a branch goes one way 95% or more.
With the exception of times when we want a particular path to be the
faster path, because we know its in a more critical position (as there
are cases in the scheduler and the tracing infrastructure itself).

But here, I think removing it is the right decision.

-- Steve


--
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Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Ted Ts'o]

On Mon, Jan 03, 2011 at 09:40:57AM +0200, Pekka Enberg wrote:
> I guess the rationale here is that if you're going to take the hit of
> memset() you can take the hit of unlikely() as well. We're optimizing
> for hot call-sites that allocate a small amount of memory and
> initialize everything themselves. That said, I don't think the
> unlikely() annotation matters much either way and am for removing it
> unless people object to that.

I suspect for many slab caches, all of the slab allocations for a
given slab cache type will have the GFP_ZERO flag passed.  So maybe it
would be more efficient to zap the entire page when it is pressed into
service for a particular slab cache, so we can avoid needing to use
memset on a per-object basis?

						- Ted

Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Ted Ts'o]

On Mon, Jan 03, 2011 at 09:40:57AM +0200, Pekka Enberg wrote:
> I guess the rationale here is that if you're going to take the hit of
> memset() you can take the hit of unlikely() as well. We're optimizing
> for hot call-sites that allocate a small amount of memory and
> initialize everything themselves. That said, I don't think the
> unlikely() annotation matters much either way and am for removing it
> unless people object to that.

I suspect for many slab caches, all of the slab allocations for a
given slab cache type will have the GFP_ZERO flag passed.  So maybe it
would be more efficient to zap the entire page when it is pressed into
service for a particular slab cache, so we can avoid needing to use
memset on a per-object basis?

						- Ted

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Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Pekka Enberg]

Hi Ted,

On Mon, Jan 03, 2011 at 09:40:57AM +0200, Pekka Enberg wrote:
>> I guess the rationale here is that if you're going to take the hit of
>> memset() you can take the hit of unlikely() as well. We're optimizing
>> for hot call-sites that allocate a small amount of memory and
>> initialize everything themselves. That said, I don't think the
>> unlikely() annotation matters much either way and am for removing it
>> unless people object to that.

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 3:58 PM, Ted Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
> I suspect for many slab caches, all of the slab allocations for a
> given slab cache type will have the GFP_ZERO flag passed.  So maybe it
> would be more efficient to zap the entire page when it is pressed into
> service for a particular slab cache, so we can avoid needing to use
> memset on a per-object basis?

We'd then need to do memset() in kmem_cache_free() because callers are
not required to clean up after them. In general, we don't want to do
that because object cachelines are less likely to be touched after
free than they are after allocation (you usually use the memory
immediately after you allocate).

                      Pekka

Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Pekka Enberg]

Hi Ted,

On Mon, Jan 03, 2011 at 09:40:57AM +0200, Pekka Enberg wrote:
>> I guess the rationale here is that if you're going to take the hit of
>> memset() you can take the hit of unlikely() as well. We're optimizing
>> for hot call-sites that allocate a small amount of memory and
>> initialize everything themselves. That said, I don't think the
>> unlikely() annotation matters much either way and am for removing it
>> unless people object to that.

On Mon, Jan 3, 2011 at 3:58 PM, Ted Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> wrote:
> I suspect for many slab caches, all of the slab allocations for a
> given slab cache type will have the GFP_ZERO flag passed.  So maybe it
> would be more efficient to zap the entire page when it is pressed into
> service for a particular slab cache, so we can avoid needing to use
> memset on a per-object basis?

We'd then need to do memset() in kmem_cache_free() because callers are
not required to clean up after them. In general, we don't want to do
that because object cachelines are less likely to be touched after
free than they are after allocation (you usually use the memory
immediately after you allocate).

                      Pekka

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Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Matt Mackall]

On Sun, 2011-01-02 at 18:48 -0500, Theodore Ts'o wrote:
> Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
> make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
> unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:
> 
> -	if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
> +	if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
> 		memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));
> 
> Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...

Sounds good to me.

We might consider dropping this flag and making the decision statically
(ie alloc vs zalloc), at least for slab objects.

-- 
Mathematics is the supreme nostalgia of our time.

Re: Should we be using unlikely() around tests of GFP_ZERO?

[Matt Mackall]

On Sun, 2011-01-02 at 18:48 -0500, Theodore Ts'o wrote:
> Given the patches being busily submitted by trivial patch submitters to
> make use kmem_cache_zalloc(), et. al, I believe we should remove the
> unlikely() tests around the (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO) tests, such as:
> 
> -	if (unlikely((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp))
> +	if ((flags & __GFP_ZERO) && objp)
> 		memset(objp, 0, obj_size(cachep));
> 
> Agreed?  If so, I'll send a patch...

Sounds good to me.

We might consider dropping this flag and making the decision statically
(ie alloc vs zalloc), at least for slab objects.

-- 
Mathematics is the supreme nostalgia of our time.


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