[PATCH 1/3] arm64: extend ioremap for cacheable non-shareable memory

[mark.rutland@arm.com (Mark Rutland)]

Hi,

I notice you missed Catalin and Will from Cc. In future, please ensure
that you Cc them when altering arm64 arch code.

On Thu, Apr 20, 2017 at 03:34:16PM -0400, Haiying Wang wrote:
> NXP arm64 based SoC needs to allocate cacheable and
> non-shareable memory for the software portals of
> Queue manager, so we extend the arm64 ioremap support
> for this memory attribute.

NAK to this patch.

It is not possible to safely use Non-Shareable attributes in Linux page
tables, given that these page tables are shared by all PEs (i.e. CPUs).

My understanding is that if several PEs map a region as Non-Shareable,
the usual background behaviour of the PEs (e.g. speculation,
prefetching, natural eviction) mean that uniprocessor semantics are not
guaranteed (i.e. a read following a write may see stale data).

For example, in a system like:

    +------+  +------+
    | PE-a |  | PE-b |
    +------+  +------+
    | L1-a |  | L1-b |
    +------+  +------+
       ||        ||
    +----------------+
    |  Shared cache  |
    +----------------+
            ||
    +----------------+
    |     Memory     |
    +----------------+

... you could have a sequence like:

1) PE-a allocates a line into L1-a for address X in preparation for a
   store.

2) PE-b allocates a line into L1-b for the same address X as a result of
   speculation.

3) PE-a makes a store to the line in L1-a. Since address X is mapped as
   Non-shareable, no snoops are performed to keep other copies of the
   line in sync.

4) As a result of explicit maintenance or as a natural eviction, L1-a
   evicts its line into shared cache. The shared cache subsequently
   evicts this to memory.

5) L1-b evicts its line to shared cache as a natural eviction.

6) L1-a fetches the line from shared cache in response to a load by
   PE-a, returning stale data (i.e. the store is lost).

No amount of cache maintenance can avoid this. In general, Non-Shareable
mappings are a bad idea.

Thanks,
Mark.

> Signed-off-by: Haiying Wang <Haiying.Wang@nxp.com>
> ---
>  arch/arm64/include/asm/io.h           | 1 +
>  arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-prot.h | 1 +
>  2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/io.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/io.h
> index 0c00c87..b6f03e7 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/io.h
> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/io.h
> @@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ extern void __iomem *ioremap_cache(phys_addr_t phys_addr, size_t size);
>  #define ioremap_nocache(addr, size)	__ioremap((addr), (size), __pgprot(PROT_DEVICE_nGnRE))
>  #define ioremap_wc(addr, size)		__ioremap((addr), (size), __pgprot(PROT_NORMAL_NC))
>  #define ioremap_wt(addr, size)		__ioremap((addr), (size), __pgprot(PROT_DEVICE_nGnRE))
> +#define ioremap_cache_ns(addr, size)	__ioremap((addr), (size), __pgprot(PROT_NORMAL_NS))
>  #define iounmap				__iounmap
>  
>  /*
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-prot.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-prot.h
> index 2142c77..7fc7910 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-prot.h
> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-prot.h
> @@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
>  #define PROT_NORMAL_NC		(PROT_DEFAULT | PTE_PXN | PTE_UXN | PTE_DIRTY | PTE_WRITE | PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL_NC))
>  #define PROT_NORMAL_WT		(PROT_DEFAULT | PTE_PXN | PTE_UXN | PTE_DIRTY | PTE_WRITE | PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL_WT))
>  #define PROT_NORMAL		(PROT_DEFAULT | PTE_PXN | PTE_UXN | PTE_DIRTY | PTE_WRITE | PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL))
> +#define PROT_NORMAL_NS		(PTE_TYPE_PAGE | PTE_AF | PTE_PXN | PTE_UXN | PTE_DIRTY | PTE_WRITE | PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL))
>  
>  #define PROT_SECT_DEVICE_nGnRE	(PROT_SECT_DEFAULT | PMD_SECT_PXN | PMD_SECT_UXN | PMD_ATTRINDX(MT_DEVICE_nGnRE))
>  #define PROT_SECT_NORMAL	(PROT_SECT_DEFAULT | PMD_SECT_PXN | PMD_SECT_UXN | PMD_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL))
> -- 
> 2.7.4
> 
> 
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