* [PATCH 1/4] Changing counttorture defaults.
2018-07-23 20:07 Changing non-volatile access to volatile in counter examples Imre Palik
@ 2018-07-23 20:07 ` Imre Palik
2018-07-23 20:07 ` [PATCH 2/4] Making the counter implementations safer Imre Palik
` (3 subsequent siblings)
4 siblings, 0 replies; 6+ messages in thread
From: Imre Palik @ 2018-07-23 20:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: paulmck; +Cc: perfbook, Palik, Imre
From: "Palik, Imre" <imrep.amz@gmail.com>
As the counter implementations are supposed to implement write-mostly
parallelism, this patch changes the default behaviour of counttorture to reflect
it.
Signed-off-by: Imre Palik <imrep.amz@gmail.com>
---
CodeSamples/count/counttorture.h | 12 ++++++------
1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/counttorture.h b/CodeSamples/count/counttorture.h
index 3276d68..ff0dd72 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/counttorture.h
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/counttorture.h
@@ -164,19 +164,19 @@ void perftestrun(int nthreads, int nreaders, int nupdaters)
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
-void perftest(int nreaders, int cpustride)
+void perftest(int nwriters, int cpustride)
{
int i;
long arg;
- perftestinit(nreaders + 1);
- for (i = 0; i < nreaders; i++) {
+ perftestinit(nwriters + 1);
+ for (i = 0; i < nwriters; i++) {
arg = (long)(i * cpustride);
- create_thread(count_read_perf_test, (void *)arg);
+ create_thread(count_update_perf_test, (void *)arg);
}
arg = (long)(i * cpustride);
- create_thread(count_update_perf_test, (void *)arg);
- perftestrun(i + 1, nreaders, 1);
+ create_thread(count_read_perf_test, (void *)arg);
+ perftestrun(i + 1, 1, nwriters);
}
void rperftest(int nreaders, int cpustride)
--
2.7.4
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread* [PATCH 2/4] Making the counter implementations safer
2018-07-23 20:07 Changing non-volatile access to volatile in counter examples Imre Palik
2018-07-23 20:07 ` [PATCH 1/4] Changing counttorture defaults Imre Palik
@ 2018-07-23 20:07 ` Imre Palik
2018-07-23 20:07 ` [PATCH 3/4] Updating count.tex with new counter code Imre Palik
` (2 subsequent siblings)
4 siblings, 0 replies; 6+ messages in thread
From: Imre Palik @ 2018-07-23 20:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: paulmck; +Cc: perfbook, Palik, Imre
From: "Palik, Imre" <imrep.amz@gmail.com>
Relevant parts of some of the counter implementations were prone to be optimised
out by an overly eager compiler/linker.
This patch makes the compiler's task easier, by declaring big parts of the
implementation inline. Then proceeds to fix the issue.
Some barriers from the countertorture framework also got removed, as a proper
multithreaded implementation should provide its own ordering guarantees.
Signed-off-by: Imre Palik <imrep.amz@gmail.com>
---
CodeSamples/count/Makefile | 30 ++++++++++++++++--------------
CodeSamples/count/count_atomic.c | 6 +++---
CodeSamples/count/count_end.c | 9 +++++----
CodeSamples/count/count_end_rcu.c | 7 ++++---
CodeSamples/count/count_nonatomic.c | 8 ++++----
CodeSamples/count/count_stack.c | 9 +++++----
CodeSamples/count/count_stat.c | 6 +++---
CodeSamples/count/count_stat_atomic.c | 6 +++---
CodeSamples/count/count_stat_eventual.c | 2 +-
CodeSamples/count/count_tstat.c | 3 ++-
CodeSamples/count/counttorture.h | 2 --
11 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/Makefile b/CodeSamples/count/Makefile
index eacdb57..481eb3f 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/Makefile
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/Makefile
@@ -43,49 +43,51 @@ else
all: $(PROGS)
endif
+CC?=cc
+
include $(top)/recipes.mk
count_atomic: count_atomic.c ../api.h counttorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_atomic count_atomic.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_atomic count_atomic.c -lpthread
count_end: count_end.c ../api.h counttorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_end count_end.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_end count_end.c -lpthread
count_end_rcu: count_end_rcu.c ../api.h counttorture.h $(RCU_SRCS)
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_end_rcu count_end_rcu.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_end_rcu count_end_rcu.c -lpthread
count_lim: count_lim.c ../api.h limtorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_lim count_lim.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_lim count_lim.c -lpthread
count_lim_app: count_lim_app.c ../api.h limtorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_lim_app count_lim_app.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_lim_app count_lim_app.c -lpthread
count_lim_atomic: count_lim_atomic.c ../api.h limtorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_lim_atomic count_lim_atomic.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_lim_atomic count_lim_atomic.c -lpthread
count_lim_sig: count_lim_sig.c ../api.h limtorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_lim_sig count_lim_sig.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_lim_sig count_lim_sig.c -lpthread
count_limd: count_limd.c ../api.h limtorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_limd count_limd.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_limd count_limd.c -lpthread
count_nonatomic: count_nonatomic.c ../api.h counttorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_nonatomic count_nonatomic.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_nonatomic count_nonatomic.c -lpthread
count_stack: count_stack.c ../api.h counttorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_stack count_stack.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_stack count_stack.c -lpthread
count_stat: count_stat.c ../api.h counttorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_stat count_stat.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_stat count_stat.c -lpthread
count_stat_atomic: count_stat_atomic.c ../api.h counttorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_stat_atomic count_stat_atomic.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_stat_atomic count_stat_atomic.c -lpthread
count_stat_eventual: count_stat_eventual.c ../api.h counttorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_stat_eventual count_stat_eventual.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_stat_eventual count_stat_eventual.c -lpthread
count_tstat: count_tstat.c ../api.h counttorture.h
- cc $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_tstat count_tstat.c -lpthread
+ $(CC) $(GCC_ARGS) $(CFLAGS) -o count_tstat count_tstat.c -lpthread
clean:
rm -f $(PROGS)
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/count_atomic.c b/CodeSamples/count/count_atomic.c
index 0457aa1..fc73717 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/count_atomic.c
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/count_atomic.c
@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ void inc_count(void)
atomic_inc(&counter);
}
-long read_count(void)
+__inline__ long read_count(void)
{
return atomic_read(&counter);
}
-void count_init(void)
+__inline__ void count_init(void)
{
}
-void count_cleanup(void)
+__inline__ void count_cleanup(void)
{
}
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/count_end.c b/CodeSamples/count/count_end.c
index a39c0c9..00335f2 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/count_end.c
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/count_end.c
@@ -26,9 +26,10 @@ unsigned long *counterp[NR_THREADS] = { NULL };
unsigned long finalcount = 0;
DEFINE_SPINLOCK(final_mutex);
-void inc_count(void)
+__inline__ void inc_count(void)
{
- counter++;
+ WRITE_ONCE(counter,
+ READ_ONCE(counter) + 1);
}
unsigned long read_count(void)
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ unsigned long read_count(void)
return sum;
}
-void count_init(void)
+__inline__ void count_init(void)
{
}
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ void count_unregister_thread(int nthreadsexpected)
spin_unlock(&final_mutex);
}
-void count_cleanup(void)
+__inline__ void count_cleanup(void)
{
}
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/count_end_rcu.c b/CodeSamples/count/count_end_rcu.c
index e6614b9..ca0a392 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/count_end_rcu.c
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/count_end_rcu.c
@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@ unsigned long __thread counter = 0;
struct countarray *countarrayp = NULL;
DEFINE_SPINLOCK(final_mutex);
-void inc_count(void)
+__inline__ void inc_count(void)
{
- counter++;
+ WRITE_ONCE(counter,
+ READ_ONCE(counter) + 1);
}
unsigned long read_count(void)
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ void count_unregister_thread(int nthreadsexpected)
free(capold);
}
-void count_cleanup(void)
+__inline__ void count_cleanup(void)
{
}
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/count_nonatomic.c b/CodeSamples/count/count_nonatomic.c
index 868b0fe..90979c5 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/count_nonatomic.c
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/count_nonatomic.c
@@ -23,21 +23,21 @@
unsigned long counter = 0;
-void inc_count(void)
+__inline__ void inc_count(void)
{
counter++;
}
-unsigned long read_count(void)
+__inline__ unsigned long read_count(void)
{
return counter;
}
-void count_init(void)
+__inline__ void count_init(void)
{
}
-void count_cleanup(void)
+__inline__ void count_cleanup(void)
{
}
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/count_stack.c b/CodeSamples/count/count_stack.c
index aa6185d..975db48 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/count_stack.c
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/count_stack.c
@@ -26,9 +26,10 @@ unsigned long *counterp[NR_THREADS] = { NULL };
unsigned long finalcount = 0;
DEFINE_SPINLOCK(final_mutex);
-void inc_count(void)
+__inline__ void inc_count(void)
{
- (*counter)++;
+ WRITE_ONCE(*counter,
+ READ_ONCE(*counter) + 1);
}
unsigned long read_count(void)
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ unsigned long read_count(void)
return sum;
}
-void count_init(void)
+__inline__ void count_init(void)
{
}
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ void count_unregister_thread(int nthreadsexpected)
spin_unlock(&final_mutex);
}
-void count_cleanup(void)
+__inline__ void count_cleanup(void)
{
}
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/count_stat.c b/CodeSamples/count/count_stat.c
index b483022..1d72f99 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/count_stat.c
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/count_stat.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void inc_count(void)
__get_thread_var(counter)++;
}
-unsigned long read_count(void)
+__inline__ unsigned long read_count(void)
{
int t;
unsigned long sum = 0;
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ unsigned long read_count(void)
return sum;
}
-void count_init(void)
+__inline__ void count_init(void)
{
}
-void count_cleanup(void)
+__inline__ void count_cleanup(void)
{
}
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/count_stat_atomic.c b/CodeSamples/count/count_stat_atomic.c
index 732ab6d..d1ff10b 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/count_stat_atomic.c
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/count_stat_atomic.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void inc_count(void)
atomic_inc(&__get_thread_var(counter));
}
-unsigned long read_count(void)
+__inline__ unsigned long read_count(void)
{
int t;
unsigned long sum = 0;
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ unsigned long read_count(void)
return sum;
}
-void count_init(void)
+__inline__ void count_init(void)
{
}
-void count_cleanup(void)
+__inline__ void count_cleanup(void)
{
}
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/count_stat_eventual.c b/CodeSamples/count/count_stat_eventual.c
index 2b23dbd..324bc24 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/count_stat_eventual.c
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/count_stat_eventual.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void inc_count(void)
READ_ONCE(__get_thread_var(counter)) + 1);
}
-unsigned long read_count(void)
+__inline__ unsigned long read_count(void)
{
return READ_ONCE(global_count);
}
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/count_tstat.c b/CodeSamples/count/count_tstat.c
index 1fa4e52..59e4025 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/count_tstat.c
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/count_tstat.c
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ DEFINE_SPINLOCK(final_mutex);
void inc_count(void)
{
- counter++;
+ WRITE_ONCE(counter,
+ READ_ONCE(counter) + 1);
}
unsigned long read_count(void) /* known failure with counttorture! */
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/counttorture.h b/CodeSamples/count/counttorture.h
index ff0dd72..bdfc7d4 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/counttorture.h
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/counttorture.h
@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@ void *count_read_perf_test(void *arg)
while (READ_ONCE(goflag) == GOFLAG_RUN) {
for (i = COUNT_READ_RUN; i > 0; i--) {
j += read_count();
- barrier();
}
n_reads_local += COUNT_READ_RUN;
}
@@ -110,7 +109,6 @@ void *count_update_perf_test(void *arg)
while (READ_ONCE(goflag) == GOFLAG_RUN) {
for (i = COUNT_UPDATE_RUN; i > 0; i--) {
inc_count();
- barrier();
}
n_updates_local += COUNT_UPDATE_RUN;
}
--
2.7.4
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread* [PATCH 3/4] Updating count.tex with new counter code
2018-07-23 20:07 Changing non-volatile access to volatile in counter examples Imre Palik
2018-07-23 20:07 ` [PATCH 1/4] Changing counttorture defaults Imre Palik
2018-07-23 20:07 ` [PATCH 2/4] Making the counter implementations safer Imre Palik
@ 2018-07-23 20:07 ` Imre Palik
2018-07-23 20:07 ` [PATCH 4/4] Regenerating the atomic counter graph on a more modern CPU Imre Palik
2018-07-23 20:55 ` Changing non-volatile access to volatile in counter examples Paul E. McKenney
4 siblings, 0 replies; 6+ messages in thread
From: Imre Palik @ 2018-07-23 20:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: paulmck; +Cc: perfbook, Palik, Imre
From: "Palik, Imre" <imrep.amz@gmail.com>
Now count.text reflects the changes made to the counter implementations, to
restrict too eager compilers.
Signed-off-by: Imre Palik <imrep.amz@gmail.com>
---
count/count.tex | 93 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
diff --git a/count/count.tex b/count/count.tex
index 561256a..82d4a7f 100644
--- a/count/count.tex
+++ b/count/count.tex
@@ -1003,41 +1003,42 @@ comes at the cost of the additional thread running \co{eventual()}.
5
6 void inc_count(void)
7 {
- 8 counter++;
- 9 }
- 10
- 11 long read_count(void)
- 12 {
- 13 int t;
- 14 long sum;
- 15
- 16 spin_lock(&final_mutex);
- 17 sum = finalcount;
- 18 for_each_thread(t)
- 19 if (counterp[t] != NULL)
- 20 sum += *counterp[t];
- 21 spin_unlock(&final_mutex);
- 22 return sum;
- 23 }
- 24
- 25 void count_register_thread(void)
- 26 {
- 27 int idx = smp_thread_id();
- 28
- 29 spin_lock(&final_mutex);
- 30 counterp[idx] = &counter;
- 31 spin_unlock(&final_mutex);
- 32 }
- 33
- 34 void count_unregister_thread(int nthreadsexpected)
- 35 {
- 36 int idx = smp_thread_id();
- 37
- 38 spin_lock(&final_mutex);
- 39 finalcount += counter;
- 40 counterp[idx] = NULL;
- 41 spin_unlock(&final_mutex);
- 42 }
+ 8 WRITE_ONCE(counter,
+ 9 READ_ONCE(counter) + 1);counter++;
+ 10 }
+ 11
+ 12 long read_count(void)
+ 13 {
+ 14 int t;
+ 15 long sum;
+ 16
+ 17 spin_lock(&final_mutex);
+ 18 sum = finalcount;
+ 19 for_each_thread(t)
+ 20 if (counterp[t] != NULL)
+ 21 sum += *counterp[t];
+ 22 spin_unlock(&final_mutex);
+ 23 return sum;
+ 24 }
+ 25
+ 26 void count_register_thread(void)
+ 27 {
+ 28 int idx = smp_thread_id();
+ 29
+ 30 spin_lock(&final_mutex);
+ 31 counterp[idx] = &counter;
+ 32 spin_unlock(&final_mutex);
+ 33 }
+ 34
+ 35 void count_unregister_thread(int nthreadsexpected)
+ 36 {
+ 37 int idx = smp_thread_id();
+ 38
+ 39 spin_lock(&final_mutex);
+ 40 finalcount += counter;
+ 41 counterp[idx] = NULL;
+ 42 spin_unlock(&final_mutex);
+ 43 }
\end{verbbox}
}
\centering
@@ -1105,18 +1106,18 @@ value of the counter and exiting threads.
} \QuickQuizEnd
The \co{inc_count()} function used by updaters is quite simple, as can
-be seen on lines~6-9.
+be seen on lines~6-10.
The \co{read_count()} function used by readers is a bit more complex.
-Line~16 acquires a lock to exclude exiting threads, and line~21 releases
+Line~17 acquires a lock to exclude exiting threads, and line~22 releases
it.
-Line~17 initializes the sum to the count accumulated by those threads that
-have already exited, and lines~18-20 sum the counts being accumulated
+Line~18 initializes the sum to the count accumulated by those threads that
+have already exited, and lines~19-21 sum the counts being accumulated
by threads currently running.
-Finally, line~22 returns the sum.
+Finally, line~23 returns the sum.
\QuickQuiz{}
- Doesn't the check for \co{NULL} on line~19 of
+ Doesn't the check for \co{NULL} on line~20 of
Listing~\ref{lst:count:Per-Thread Statistical Counters}
add extra branch mispredictions?
Why not have a variable set permanently to zero, and point
@@ -1156,7 +1157,7 @@ Finally, line~22 returns the sum.
\co{inc_count()} fastpath.
} \QuickQuizEnd
-Lines~25-32 show the \co{count_register_thread()} function, which
+Lines~26-33 show the \co{count_register_thread()} function, which
must be called by each thread before its first use of this counter.
This function simply sets up this thread's element of the \co{counterp[]}
array to point to its per-thread \co{counter} variable.
@@ -1177,14 +1178,14 @@ array to point to its per-thread \co{counter} variable.
a hundred or so CPUs, there is no need to get fancy.
} \QuickQuizEnd
-Lines~34-42 show the \co{count_unregister_thread()} function, which
+Lines~35-43 show the \co{count_unregister_thread()} function, which
must be called prior to exit by each thread that previously called
\co{count_register_thread()}.
-Line~38 acquires the lock, and line~41 releases it, thus excluding any
+Line~39 acquires the lock, and line~42 releases it, thus excluding any
calls to \co{read_count()} as well as other calls to
\co{count_unregister_thread()}.
-Line~39 adds this thread's \co{counter} to the global \co{finalcount},
-and then line~40 \co{NULL}s out its \co{counterp[]} array entry.
+Line~40 adds this thread's \co{counter} to the global \co{finalcount},
+and then line~41 \co{NULL}s out its \co{counterp[]} array entry.
A subsequent call to \co{read_count()} will see the exiting thread's
count in the global \co{finalcount}, and will skip the exiting thread
when sequencing through the \co{counterp[]} array, thus obtaining
--
2.7.4
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4/4] Regenerating the atomic counter graph on a more modern CPU
2018-07-23 20:07 Changing non-volatile access to volatile in counter examples Imre Palik
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2018-07-23 20:07 ` [PATCH 3/4] Updating count.tex with new counter code Imre Palik
@ 2018-07-23 20:07 ` Imre Palik
2018-07-23 20:55 ` Changing non-volatile access to volatile in counter examples Paul E. McKenney
4 siblings, 0 replies; 6+ messages in thread
From: Imre Palik @ 2018-07-23 20:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: paulmck; +Cc: perfbook, Palik, Imre
From: "Palik, Imre" <imrep.amz@gmail.com>
Regenerating the graph on Kaby Lake, and updating the text.
Signed-off-by: Imre Palik <imrep.amz@gmail.com>
---
CodeSamples/count/atomic.eps | 483 +++++++++++++----------
CodeSamples/count/atomic125.eps | 856 +++++++++++++++++-----------------------
CodeSamples/count/atomic125.png | Bin 3337 -> 3189 bytes
count/count.tex | 12 +-
defer/rcuintro.tex | 2 +-
locking/locking.tex | 2 +-
6 files changed, 658 insertions(+), 697 deletions(-)
diff --git a/CodeSamples/count/atomic.eps b/CodeSamples/count/atomic.eps
index 5e3ed2b..c2fc079 100644
--- a/CodeSamples/count/atomic.eps
+++ b/CodeSamples/count/atomic.eps
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
%!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%Title: Is Parallel Programming Hard, And, If So, What Can You Do About It?
-%%Creator: gnuplot 4.4 patchlevel 0
-%%CreationDate: Wed Jan 5 07:20:50 2011
+%%Creator: gnuplot 5.0 patchlevel 3
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 16 22:02:17 2018
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 95 302 355
%%Orientation: Portrait
@@ -20,42 +20,29 @@ gnudict begin
/Dashlength 1 def
/Landscape false def
/Level1 false def
+/Level3 false def
/Rounded false def
/ClipToBoundingBox false def
+/SuppressPDFMark false def
/TransparentPatterns false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/Gamma 1.0 def
+/BackgroundColor {-1.000 -1.000 -1.000} def
%
/vshift -33 def
/dl1 {
- 10.0 Dashlength mul mul
+ 10.0 Dashlength userlinewidth gnulinewidth div mul mul mul
Rounded { currentlinewidth 0.75 mul sub dup 0 le { pop 0.01 } if } if
} def
/dl2 {
- 10.0 Dashlength mul mul
+ 10.0 Dashlength userlinewidth gnulinewidth div mul mul mul
Rounded { currentlinewidth 0.75 mul add } if
} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
-Level1 {} {
-/SDict 10 dict def
-systemdict /pdfmark known not {
- userdict /pdfmark systemdict /cleartomark get put
-} if
-SDict begin [
- /Title (Is Parallel Programming Hard, And, If So, What Can You Do About It?)
- /Subject (gnuplot plot)
- /Creator (gnuplot 4.4 patchlevel 0)
- /Author (paulmck)
-% /Producer (gnuplot)
-% /Keywords ()
- /CreationDate (Wed Jan 5 07:20:50 2011)
- /DOCINFO pdfmark
-end
-} ifelse
/doclip {
ClipToBoundingBox {
newpath 50 50 moveto 302 50 lineto 302 410 lineto 50 410 lineto closepath
@@ -63,7 +50,7 @@ end
} if
} def
%
-% Gnuplot Prolog Version 4.4 (January 2010)
+% Gnuplot Prolog Version 5.1 (Oct 2015)
%
%/SuppressPDFMark true def
%
@@ -75,15 +62,16 @@ end
/Z {closepath} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
+/g {setgray} bind def
/Gshow {show} def % May be redefined later in the file to support UTF-8
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow {currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R
- Blacktext {gsave 0 setgray show grestore} {show} ifelse} def
+ Blacktext {gsave 0 setgray textshow grestore} {textshow} ifelse} def
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diff --git a/count/count.tex b/count/count.tex
index 82d4a7f..b9cd888 100644
--- a/count/count.tex
+++ b/count/count.tex
@@ -267,8 +267,8 @@ accuracies far greater than 50\,\% are almost always necessary.
\begin{figure}[tb]
\centering
\resizebox{2.5in}{!}{\includegraphics{CodeSamples/count/atomic}}
-\caption{Atomic Increment Scalability on Nehalem}
-\label{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Nehalem}
+\caption{Atomic Increment Scalability on Kaby Lake}
+\label{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Kaby Lake}
\end{figure}
The straightforward way to count accurately is to use atomic operations,
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ This poor performance should not be a surprise, given the discussion in
Chapter~\ref{chp:Hardware and its Habits},
nor should it be a surprise that the performance of atomic increment
gets slower as the number of CPUs and threads increase, as shown in
-Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Nehalem}.
+Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Kaby Lake}.
In this figure, the horizontal dashed line resting on the x~axis
is the ideal performance that would be achieved
by a perfectly scalable algorithm: with such an algorithm, a given
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ global variable, the cache line containing that variable must
circulate among all the CPUs, as shown by the red arrows.
Such circulation will take significant time, resulting in
the poor performance seen in
-Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Nehalem},
+Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Kaby Lake},
which might be thought of as shown in
Figure~\ref{fig:count:Waiting to Count}.
@@ -3444,7 +3444,7 @@ courtesy of eventual consistency.
``Use the right tool for the job.''
As can be seen from
- Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Nehalem},
+ Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Kaby Lake},
single-variable atomic increment need not apply for any job
involving heavy use of parallel updates.
In contrast, the algorithms shown in
@@ -3730,7 +3730,7 @@ Summarizing the summary:
\item Different levels of performance and scalability will affect
algorithm and data-structure design, as do a large number of
other factors.
- Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Nehalem}
+ Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Kaby Lake}
illustrates this point: Atomic increment might be completely
acceptable for a two-CPU system, but be completely inadequate for an
eight-CPU system.
diff --git a/defer/rcuintro.tex b/defer/rcuintro.tex
index 784c4cf..6e909c9 100644
--- a/defer/rcuintro.tex
+++ b/defer/rcuintro.tex
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ the figure.
But how can we tell when the readers are finished?
It is tempting to consider a reference-counting scheme, but
-Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Nehalem}
+Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Kaby Lake}
in
Chapter~\ref{chp:Counting}
shows that this can also result in long delays, just as can
diff --git a/locking/locking.tex b/locking/locking.tex
index 7e93bdb..5db2358 100644
--- a/locking/locking.tex
+++ b/locking/locking.tex
@@ -1578,7 +1578,7 @@ Either way, line~22 releases the root \co{rcu_node} structure's
but only for relatively small numbers of CPUs.
To see why it is problematic in systems with many hundreds of
CPUs, look at
- Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Nehalem}
+ Figure~\ref{fig:count:Atomic Increment Scalability on Kaby Lake}
and extrapolate the delay from eight to 1,000 CPUs.
} \QuickQuizEnd
--
2.7.4
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread* Re: Changing non-volatile access to volatile in counter examples
2018-07-23 20:07 Changing non-volatile access to volatile in counter examples Imre Palik
` (3 preceding siblings ...)
2018-07-23 20:07 ` [PATCH 4/4] Regenerating the atomic counter graph on a more modern CPU Imre Palik
@ 2018-07-23 20:55 ` Paul E. McKenney
4 siblings, 0 replies; 6+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-07-23 20:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Imre Palik; +Cc: perfbook
On Mon, Jul 23, 2018 at 10:07:24PM +0200, Imre Palik wrote:
>
> This series changes some of the counter examples to use volatile access, to
> avoid overly eager compilers/linkers to optimise out necessary reads/writes.
Applied and pushed, thank you!
And very nice to get that graph upgraded to the much more recent Kaby
Lake! By the way, if you have one with more than eight hardware threads,
I would not say "no" to an expanded graph. ;-)
Thanx, Paul
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread
