* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 01/20] doc: Set down forward-progress requirements
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 02/20] doc: Clarify RCU data-structure comment about rcu_tree fanout Paul E. McKenney
` (18 subsequent siblings)
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From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E. McKenney
From: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a section to the requirements documentation setting down
requirements for grace-period and callback-invocation forward progress.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
.../RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html | 110 +++++++++++++++++-
1 file changed, 108 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
index 43c4e2f05f40..7efc1c1da7af 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
@@ -1381,6 +1381,7 @@ Classes of quality-of-implementation requirements are as follows:
<ol>
<li> <a href="#Specialization">Specialization</a>
<li> <a href="#Performance and Scalability">Performance and Scalability</a>
+<li> <a href="#Forward Progress">Forward Progress</a>
<li> <a href="#Composability">Composability</a>
<li> <a href="#Corner Cases">Corner Cases</a>
</ol>
@@ -1822,6 +1823,106 @@ so it is too early to tell whether they will stand the test of time.
RCU thus provides a range of tools to allow updaters to strike the
required tradeoff between latency, flexibility and CPU overhead.
+<h3><a name="Forward Progress">Forward Progress</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+In theory, delaying grace-period completion and callback invocation
+is harmless.
+In practice, not only are memory sizes finite but also callbacks sometimes
+do wakeups, and sufficiently deferred wakeups can be difficult
+to distinguish from system hangs.
+Therefore, RCU must provide a number of mechanisms to promote forward
+progress.
+
+<p>
+These mechanisms are not foolproof, nor can they be.
+For one simple example, an infinite loop in an RCU read-side critical
+section must by definition prevent later grace periods from ever completing.
+For a more involved example, consider a 64-CPU system built with
+<tt>CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y</tt> and booted with <tt>rcu_nocbs=1-63</tt>,
+where CPUs 1 through 63 spin in tight loops that invoke
+<tt>call_rcu()</tt>.
+Even if these tight loops also contain calls to <tt>cond_resched()</tt>
+(thus allowing grace periods to complete), CPU 0 simply will
+not be able to invoke callbacks as fast as the other 63 CPUs can
+register them, at least not until the system runs out of memory.
+In both of these examples, the Spiderman principle applies: With great
+power comes great responsibility.
+However, short of this level of abuse, RCU is required to
+ensure timely completion of grace periods and timely invocation of
+callbacks.
+
+<p>
+RCU takes the following steps to encourage timely completion of
+grace periods:
+
+<ol>
+<li> If a grace period fails to complete within 100 milliseconds,
+ RCU causes future invocations of <tt>cond_resched()</tt> on
+ the holdout CPUs to provide an RCU quiescent state.
+ RCU also causes those CPUs' <tt>need_resched()</tt> invocations
+ to return <tt>true</tt>, but only after the corresponding CPU's
+ next scheduling-clock.
+<li> CPUs mentioned in the <tt>nohz_full</tt> kernel boot parameter
+ can run indefinitely in the kernel without scheduling-clock
+ interrupts, which defeats the above <tt>need_resched()</tt>
+ strategem.
+ RCU will therefore invoke <tt>resched_cpu()</tt> on any
+ <tt>nohz_full</tt> CPUs still holding out after
+ 109 milliseconds.
+<li> In kernels built with <tt>CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y</tt>, if a given
+ task that has been preempted within an RCU read-side critical
+ section is holding out for more than 500 milliseconds,
+ RCU will resort to priority boosting.
+<li> If a CPU is still holding out 10 seconds into the grace
+ period, RCU will invoke <tt>resched_cpu()</tt> on it regardless
+ of its <tt>nohz_full</tt> state.
+</ol>
+
+<p>
+The above values are defaults for systems running with <tt>HZ=1000</tt>.
+They will vary as the value of <tt>HZ</tt> varies, and can also be
+changed using the relevant Kconfig options and kernel boot parameters.
+RCU currently does not do much sanity checking of these
+parameters, so please use caution when changing them.
+Note that these forward-progress measures are provided only for RCU,
+not for
+<a href="#Sleepable RCU">SRCU</a> or
+<a href="#Tasks RCU">Tasks RCU</a>.
+
+<p>
+RCU takes the following steps in <tt>call_rcu()</tt> to encourage timely
+invocation of callbacks when any given non-<tt>rcu_nocbs</tt> CPU has
+10,000 callbacks, or has 10,000 more callbacks than it had the last time
+encouragement was provided:
+
+<ol>
+<li> Starts a grace period, if one is not already in progress.
+<li> Forces immediate checking for quiescent states, rather than
+ waiting for three milliseconds to have elapsed since the
+ beginning of the grace period.
+<li> Immediately tags the CPU's callbacks with their grace period
+ completion numbers, rather than waiting for the <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt>
+ handler to get around to it.
+<li> Lifts callback-execution batch limits, which speeds up callback
+ invocation at the expense of degrading realtime response.
+</ol>
+
+<p>
+Again, these are default values when running at <tt>HZ=1000</tt>,
+and can be overridden.
+Again, these forward-progress measures are provided only for RCU,
+not for
+<a href="#Sleepable RCU">SRCU</a> or
+<a href="#Tasks RCU">Tasks RCU</a>.
+Even for RCU, callback-invocation forward progress for <tt>rcu_nocbs</tt>
+CPUs is much less well-developed, in part because workloads benefiting
+from <tt>rcu_nocbs</tt> CPUs tend to invoke <tt>call_rcu()</tt>
+relatively infrequently.
+If workloads emerge that need both <tt>rcu_nocbs</tt> CPUs and high
+<tt>call_rcu()</tt> invocation rates, then additional forward-progress
+work will be required.
+
<h3><a name="Composability">Composability</a></h3>
<p>
@@ -2272,7 +2373,7 @@ that meets this requirement.
Furthermore, NMI handlers can be interrupted by what appear to RCU
to be normal interrupts.
One way that this can happen is for code that directly invokes
-<tt>rcu_irq_enter()</tt> and </tt>rcu_irq_exit()</tt> to be called
+<tt>rcu_irq_enter()</tt> and <tt>rcu_irq_exit()</tt> to be called
from an NMI handler.
This astonishing fact of life prompted the current code structure,
which has <tt>rcu_irq_enter()</tt> invoking <tt>rcu_nmi_enter()</tt>
@@ -2294,7 +2395,7 @@ via <tt>del_timer_sync()</tt> or similar.
<p>
Unfortunately, there is no way to cancel an RCU callback;
once you invoke <tt>call_rcu()</tt>, the callback function is
-going to eventually be invoked, unless the system goes down first.
+eventually going to be invoked, unless the system goes down first.
Because it is normally considered socially irresponsible to crash the system
in response to a module unload request, we need some other way
to deal with in-flight RCU callbacks.
@@ -3233,6 +3334,11 @@ For example, RCU callback overhead might be charged back to the
originating <tt>call_rcu()</tt> instance, though probably not
in production kernels.
+<p>
+Additional work may be required to provide reasonable forward-progress
+guarantees under heavy load for grace periods and for callback
+invocation.
+
<h2><a name="Summary">Summary</a></h2>
<p>
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 02/20] doc: Clarify RCU data-structure comment about rcu_tree fanout
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 01/20] doc: Set down forward-progress requirements Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 03/20] doc: Remove rcu_preempt_state reference in stallwarn Paul E. McKenney
` (17 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
kernel-team, Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
RCU Data-Structures document describes a trick to test RCU with small
number of CPUs but with a taller tree. It wasn't immediately clear how
the document arrived at 16 CPUs which also requires setting the
FANOUT_LEAF to 2 instead of the default of 16. This commit therefore
provides the needed clarification.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: <kernel-team@android.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
.../RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html | 8 +++++---
1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
index 1d2051c0c3fc..476b1ac38e4c 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
@@ -127,9 +127,11 @@ CPUs, RCU would configure the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree as follows:
</p><p>RCU currently permits up to a four-level tree, which on a 64-bit system
accommodates up to 4,194,304 CPUs, though only a mere 524,288 CPUs for
32-bit systems.
-On the other hand, you can set <tt>CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT</tt> to be
-as small as 2 if you wish, which would permit only 16 CPUs, which
-is useful for testing.
+On the other hand, you can set both <tt>CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT</tt> and
+<tt>CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_LEAF</tt> to be as small as 2, which would result
+in a 16-CPU test using a 4-level tree.
+This can be useful for testing large-system capabilities on small test
+machines.
</p><p>This multi-level combining tree allows us to get most of the
performance and scalability
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 03/20] doc: Remove rcu_preempt_state reference in stallwarn
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 01/20] doc: Set down forward-progress requirements Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 02/20] doc: Clarify RCU data-structure comment about rcu_tree fanout Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 04/20] doc: rcu: Update information about resched_cpu Paul E. McKenney
` (16 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
kernel-team, Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Consolidation of RCU-bh, RCU-preempt, and RCU-sched into one RCU flavor
to rule them all resulted in the removal of rcu_preempt_state. However,
stallwarn.txt still mentions rcu_preempt_state. This commit therefore
Updates stallwarn documentation accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: <kernel-team@android.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt | 5 ++---
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
index 491043fd976f..b01bcafc64aa 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
@@ -176,9 +176,8 @@ causing stalls, and that the stall was affecting RCU-sched. This message
will normally be followed by stack dumps for each CPU. Please note that
PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by tasks as well as by CPUs, and that
the tasks will be indicated by PID, for example, "P3421". It is even
-possible for a rcu_preempt_state stall to be caused by both CPUs -and-
-tasks, in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all be called
-out in the list.
+possible for an rcu_state stall to be caused by both CPUs -and- tasks,
+in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all be called out in the list.
CPU 2's "(3 GPs behind)" indicates that this CPU has not interacted with
the RCU core for the past three grace periods. In contrast, CPU 16's "(0
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 04/20] doc: rcu: Update information about resched_cpu
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 03/20] doc: Remove rcu_preempt_state reference in stallwarn Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 05/20] doc: rcu: Remove rcu_dynticks from Data-Structures Paul E. McKenney
` (15 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
kernel-team, Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Since commit fced9c8cfe6b ("rcu: Avoid resched_cpu() when rescheduling
the current CPU"), resched_cpu is not directly called from
sync_sched_exp_handler. Update the documentation about the same.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: <kernel-team@android.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
.../Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html | 6 +++---
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html
index e62c7c34a369..8e4f873b979f 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html
@@ -160,9 +160,9 @@ was in flight.
If the CPU is idle, then <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> reports
the quiescent state.
-<p>
-Otherwise, the handler invokes <tt>resched_cpu()</tt>, which forces
-a future context switch.
+<p> Otherwise, the handler forces a future context switch by setting the
+NEED_RESCHED flag of the current task's thread flag and the CPU preempt
+counter.
At the time of the context switch, the CPU reports the quiescent state.
Should the CPU go offline first, it will report the quiescent state
at that time.
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 05/20] doc: rcu: Remove rcu_dynticks from Data-Structures
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (3 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 04/20] doc: rcu: Update information about resched_cpu Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 06/20] doc: rcu: Update Data-Structures for RCU flavor consolidation Paul E. McKenney
` (14 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
kernel-team, Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
rcu_dynticks was folded into rcu_data structure. Update the data
structures RCU document accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: <kernel-team@android.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
.../BigTreeClassicRCUBHdyntick.svg | 695 ------------------
.../Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html | 90 +--
2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 760 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/BigTreeClassicRCUBHdyntick.svg
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/BigTreeClassicRCUBHdyntick.svg b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/BigTreeClassicRCUBHdyntick.svg
deleted file mode 100644
index 21ba7823479d..000000000000
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diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
index 476b1ac38e4c..4eb603e3a005 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ to each other.
The <tt>rcu_segcblist</tt> Structure</a>
<li> <a href="#The rcu_data Structure">
The <tt>rcu_data</tt> Structure</a>
-<li> <a href="#The rcu_dynticks Structure">
- The <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt> Structure</a>
<li> <a href="#The rcu_head Structure">
The <tt>rcu_head</tt> Structure</a>
<li> <a href="#RCU-Specific Fields in the task_struct Structure">
@@ -174,16 +172,8 @@ said to be in <i>dyntick-idle mode</i>.
RCU must handle dyntick-idle CPUs specially
because RCU would otherwise wake up each CPU on every grace period,
which would defeat the whole purpose of <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE</tt>.
-RCU uses the <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt> structure to track
-which CPUs are in dyntick idle mode, as shown below:
-
-</p><p><img src="BigTreeClassicRCUBHdyntick.svg" alt="BigTreeClassicRCUBHdyntick.svg" width="33%">
-
-</p><p>However, if a CPU is in dyntick-idle mode, it is in that mode
-for all flavors of RCU.
-Therefore, a single <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt> structure is allocated per
-CPU, and all of a given CPU's <tt>rcu_data</tt> structures share
-that <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt>, as shown in the figure.
+RCU uses the dynticks related fields in the <tt>rcu_data</tt> structure
+to track which CPUs are in dyntick idle mode.
</p><p>Kernels built with <tt>CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU</tt> support
rcu_preempt in addition to rcu_sched and rcu_bh, as shown below:
@@ -216,9 +206,6 @@ its own synchronization:
<li> Each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure has a spinlock.
<li> The fields in <tt>rcu_data</tt> are private to the corresponding
CPU, although a few can be read and written by other CPUs.
-<li> Similarly, the fields in <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt> are private
- to the corresponding CPU, although a few can be read by
- other CPUs.
</ol>
<p>It is important to note that different data structures can have
@@ -274,11 +261,6 @@ follows:
access to this information from the corresponding CPU.
Finally, this structure records past dyntick-idle state
for the corresponding CPU and also tracks statistics.
-<li> <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt>:
- This per-CPU structure tracks the current dyntick-idle
- state for the corresponding CPU.
- Unlike the other three structures, the <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt>
- structure is not replicated per RCU flavor.
<li> <tt>rcu_head</tt>:
This structure represents RCU callbacks, and is the
only structure allocated and managed by RCU users.
@@ -289,8 +271,8 @@ follows:
<p>If all you wanted from this article was a general notion of how
RCU's data structures are related, you are done.
Otherwise, each of the following sections give more details on
-the <tt>rcu_state</tt>, <tt>rcu_node</tt>, <tt>rcu_data</tt>,
-and <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt> data structures.
+the <tt>rcu_state</tt>, <tt>rcu_node</tt> and <tt>rcu_data</tt> data
+structures.
<h3><a name="The rcu_state Structure">
The <tt>rcu_state</tt> Structure</a></h3>
@@ -1017,30 +999,19 @@ as follows:
<pre>
1 int cpu;
- 2 struct rcu_state *rsp;
- 3 struct rcu_node *mynode;
- 4 struct rcu_dynticks *dynticks;
- 5 unsigned long grpmask;
- 6 bool beenonline;
+ 2 struct rcu_node *mynode;
+ 3 unsigned long grpmask;
+ 4 bool beenonline;
</pre>
<p>The <tt>->cpu</tt> field contains the number of the
-corresponding CPU, the <tt>->rsp</tt> pointer references
-the corresponding <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure (and is most frequently
-used to locate the name of the corresponding flavor of RCU for tracing),
-and the <tt>->mynode</tt> field references the corresponding
-<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
+corresponding CPU and the <tt>->mynode</tt> field references the
+corresponding <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
The <tt>->mynode</tt> is used to propagate quiescent states
up the combining tree.
-<p>The <tt>->dynticks</tt> pointer references the
-<tt>rcu_dynticks</tt> structure corresponding to this
-CPU.
-Recall that a single per-CPU instance of the <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt>
-structure is shared among all flavors of RCU.
-These first four fields are constant and therefore require not
-synchronization.
+These two fields are constant and therefore do not require synchronization.
-</p><p>The <tt>->grpmask</tt> field indicates the bit in
+<p>The <tt>->grpmask</tt> field indicates the bit in
the <tt>->mynode->qsmask</tt> corresponding to this
<tt>rcu_data</tt> structure, and is also used when propagating
quiescent states.
@@ -1181,26 +1152,22 @@ Finally, the <tt>->dynticks_fqs</tt> field is used to
count the number of times this CPU is determined to be in
dyntick-idle state, and is used for tracing and debugging purposes.
-<h3><a name="The rcu_dynticks Structure">
-The <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt> Structure</a></h3>
-
-<p>The <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt> maintains the per-CPU dyntick-idle state
-for the corresponding CPU.
-Unlike the other structures, <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt> is not
-replicated over the different flavors of RCU.
-The fields in this structure may be accessed only from the corresponding
-CPU (and from tracing) unless otherwise stated.
-Its fields are as follows:
+<p>
+This portion of the rcu_data structure is declared as follows:
<pre>
1 long dynticks_nesting;
2 long dynticks_nmi_nesting;
3 atomic_t dynticks;
4 bool rcu_need_heavy_qs;
- 5 unsigned long rcu_qs_ctr;
- 6 bool rcu_urgent_qs;
+ 5 bool rcu_urgent_qs;
</pre>
+<p>These fields in the rcu_data structure maintain the per-CPU dyntick-idle
+state for the corresponding CPU.
+The fields may be accessed only from the corresponding CPU (and from tracing)
+unless otherwise stated.
+
<p>The <tt>->dynticks_nesting</tt> field counts the
nesting depth of process execution, so that in normal circumstances
this counter has value zero or one.
@@ -1242,19 +1209,12 @@ it is willing to call for heavy-weight dyntick-counter operations.
This flag is checked by RCU's context-switch and <tt>cond_resched()</tt>
code, which provide a momentary idle sojourn in response.
-</p><p>The <tt>->rcu_qs_ctr</tt> field is used to record
-quiescent states from <tt>cond_resched()</tt>.
-Because <tt>cond_resched()</tt> can execute quite frequently, this
-must be quite lightweight, as in a non-atomic increment of this
-per-CPU field.
-
</p><p>Finally, the <tt>->rcu_urgent_qs</tt> field is used to record
-the fact that the RCU core code would really like to see a quiescent
-state from the corresponding CPU, with the various other fields indicating
-just how badly RCU wants this quiescent state.
-This flag is checked by RCU's context-switch and <tt>cond_resched()</tt>
-code, which, if nothing else, non-atomically increment <tt>->rcu_qs_ctr</tt>
-in response.
+the fact that the RCU core code would really like to see a quiescent state from
+the corresponding CPU, with the various other fields indicating just how badly
+RCU wants this quiescent state.
+This flag is checked by RCU's context-switch path
+(<tt>rcu_note_context_switch</tt>) and the cond_resched code.
<table>
<tr><th> </th></tr>
@@ -1431,7 +1391,7 @@ So each flavor of RCU is represented by an <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure,
which contains a combining tree of <tt>rcu_node</tt> and
<tt>rcu_data</tt> structures.
Finally, in <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE</tt> kernels, each CPU's dyntick-idle
-state is tracked by an <tt>rcu_dynticks</tt> structure.
+state is tracked by dynticks-related fields in the <tt>rcu_data</tt> structure.
If you made it this far, you are well prepared to read the code
walkthroughs in the other articles in this series.
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 06/20] doc: rcu: Update Data-Structures for RCU flavor consolidation
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (4 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 05/20] doc: rcu: Remove rcu_dynticks from Data-Structures Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 07/20] doc: rcu: Better clarify the rcu_segcblist ->len field Paul E. McKenney
` (13 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
kernel-team, Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
This patch updates all Data-Structures document figures and text and
removes some unwanted figures, to reflect the recent work Paul has been
doing with consolidating all flavors of RCU.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: <kernel-team@android.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
.../Data-Structures/BigTreeClassicRCUBH.svg | 499 -----------
.../BigTreePreemptRCUBHdyntick.svg | 741 ----------------
.../BigTreePreemptRCUBHdyntickCB.svg | 834 +++++++-----------
.../Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html | 49 +-
.../RCU/Design/Data-Structures/blkd_task.svg | 676 +++++---------
5 files changed, 559 insertions(+), 2240 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/BigTreeClassicRCUBH.svg
delete mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/BigTreePreemptRCUBHdyntick.svg
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/BigTreeClassicRCUBH.svg b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/BigTreeClassicRCUBH.svg
deleted file mode 100644
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diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
index 4eb603e3a005..28b241074c86 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
@@ -154,36 +154,9 @@ on that root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure remains acceptably low.
keeping lock contention under control at all tree levels regardless
of the level of loading on the system.
-</p><p>The Linux kernel actually supports multiple flavors of RCU
-running concurrently, so RCU builds separate data structures for each
-flavor.
-For example, for <tt>CONFIG_TREE_RCU=y</tt> kernels, RCU provides
-rcu_sched and rcu_bh, as shown below:
-
-</p><p><img src="BigTreeClassicRCUBH.svg" alt="BigTreeClassicRCUBH.svg" width="33%">
-
-</p><p>Energy efficiency is increasingly important, and for that
-reason the Linux kernel provides <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE</tt>, which
-turns off the scheduling-clock interrupts on idle CPUs, which in
-turn allows those CPUs to attain deeper sleep states and to consume
-less energy.
-CPUs whose scheduling-clock interrupts have been turned off are
-said to be in <i>dyntick-idle mode</i>.
-RCU must handle dyntick-idle CPUs specially
-because RCU would otherwise wake up each CPU on every grace period,
-which would defeat the whole purpose of <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE</tt>.
-RCU uses the dynticks related fields in the <tt>rcu_data</tt> structure
-to track which CPUs are in dyntick idle mode.
-
-</p><p>Kernels built with <tt>CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU</tt> support
-rcu_preempt in addition to rcu_sched and rcu_bh, as shown below:
-
-</p><p><img src="BigTreePreemptRCUBHdyntick.svg" alt="BigTreePreemptRCUBHdyntick.svg" width="35%">
-
</p><p>RCU updaters wait for normal grace periods by registering
RCU callbacks, either directly via <tt>call_rcu()</tt> and
friends (namely <tt>call_rcu_bh()</tt> and <tt>call_rcu_sched()</tt>),
-there being a separate interface per flavor of RCU)
or indirectly via <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt> and friends.
RCU callbacks are represented by <tt>rcu_head</tt> structures,
which are queued on <tt>rcu_data</tt> structures while they are
@@ -278,7 +251,7 @@ structures.
The <tt>rcu_state</tt> Structure</a></h3>
<p>The <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure is the base structure that
-represents a flavor of RCU.
+represents the state of RCU in the system.
This structure forms the interconnection between the
<tt>rcu_node</tt> and <tt>rcu_data</tt> structures,
tracks grace periods, contains the lock used to
@@ -373,7 +346,7 @@ sequence number.
The bottom two bits are the state of the current grace period,
which can be zero for not yet started or one for in progress.
In other words, if the bottom two bits of <tt>->gp_seq</tt> are
-zero, the corresponding flavor of RCU is idle.
+zero, then RCU is idle.
Any other value in the bottom two bits indicates that something is broken.
This field is protected by the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
<tt>->lock</tt> field.
@@ -403,10 +376,10 @@ as follows:
grace period in jiffies.
It is protected by the root <tt>rcu_node</tt>'s <tt>->lock</tt>.
-<p>The <tt>->name</tt> field points to the name of the RCU flavor
-(for example, “rcu_sched”), and is constant.
-The <tt>->abbr</tt> field contains a one-character abbreviation,
-for example, “s” for RCU-sched.
+<p>The <tt>->name</tt> and <tt>->abbr</tt> fields distinguish
+between preemptible RCU (“rcu_preempt” and “p”)
+and non-preemptible RCU (“rcu_sched” and “s”).
+These fields are used for diagnostic and tracing purposes.
<h3><a name="The rcu_node Structure">
The <tt>rcu_node</tt> Structure</a></h3>
@@ -972,8 +945,7 @@ of <tt>rcu_barrier()</tt>.
<h3><a name="The rcu_data Structure">
The <tt>rcu_data</tt> Structure</a></h3>
-<p>The <tt>rcu_data</tt> maintains the per-CPU state for the
-corresponding flavor of RCU.
+<p>The <tt>rcu_data</tt> maintains the per-CPU state for the RCU subsystem.
The fields in this structure may be accessed only from the corresponding
CPU (and from tracing) unless otherwise stated.
This structure is the
@@ -1030,7 +1002,6 @@ as follows:
3 bool cpu_no_qs;
4 bool core_needs_qs;
5 bool gpwrap;
- 6 unsigned long rcu_qs_ctr_snap;
</pre>
<p>The <tt>->gp_seq</tt> and <tt>->gp_seq_needed</tt>
@@ -1076,10 +1047,6 @@ CPU has remained idle for so long that the
<tt>gp_seq</tt> counter is in danger of overflow, which
will cause the CPU to disregard the values of its counters on
its next exit from idle.
-Finally, the <tt>rcu_qs_ctr_snap</tt> field is used to detect
-cases where a given operation has resulted in a quiescent state
-for all flavors of RCU, for example, <tt>cond_resched()</tt>
-when RCU has indicated a need for quiescent states.
<h5>RCU Callback Handling</h5>
@@ -1387,7 +1354,7 @@ the last part of the array, thus traversing only the leaf
<h3><a name="Summary">
Summary</a></h3>
-So each flavor of RCU is represented by an <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure,
+So the state of RCU is represented by an <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure,
which contains a combining tree of <tt>rcu_node</tt> and
<tt>rcu_data</tt> structures.
Finally, in <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE</tt> kernels, each CPU's dyntick-idle
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</g>
</svg>
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 07/20] doc: rcu: Better clarify the rcu_segcblist ->len field
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (5 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 06/20] doc: rcu: Update Data-Structures for RCU flavor consolidation Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 08/20] doc: rcu: Update description of gp_seq fields in rcu_data Paul E. McKenney
` (12 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
kernel-team, Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
An important note under the rcu_segcblist description could use a more
detailed description. Especially explanation of the scenario where the
->head field may be temporarily NULL making it not wise to rely on it
to determine if callbacks are associated with the rcu_segcblist.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: <kernel-team@android.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
.../Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html | 23 ++++++++++++-------
1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
index 28b241074c86..3ed5f0182bc4 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
@@ -928,17 +928,24 @@ this <tt>rcu_segcblist</tt> structure, <i>not</i> the <tt>->head</tt>
pointer.
The reason for this is that all the ready-to-invoke callbacks
(that is, those in the <tt>RCU_DONE_TAIL</tt> segment) are extracted
-all at once at callback-invocation time.
+all at once at callback-invocation time (<tt>rcu_do_batch</tt>), due
+to which <tt>->head</tt> may be set to NULL if there are no not-done
+callbacks remaining in the <tt>rcu_segcblist</tt>.
If callback invocation must be postponed, for example, because a
high-priority process just woke up on this CPU, then the remaining
-callbacks are placed back on the <tt>RCU_DONE_TAIL</tt> segment.
-Either way, the <tt>->len</tt> and <tt>->len_lazy</tt> counts
-are adjusted after the corresponding callbacks have been invoked, and so
-again it is the <tt>->len</tt> count that accurately reflects whether
-or not there are callbacks associated with this <tt>rcu_segcblist</tt>
-structure.
+callbacks are placed back on the <tt>RCU_DONE_TAIL</tt> segment and
+<tt>->head</tt> once again points to the start of the segment.
+In short, the head field can briefly be <tt>NULL</tt> even though the
+CPU has callbacks present the entire time.
+Therefore, it is not appropriate to test the <tt>->head</tt> pointer
+for <tt>NULL</tt>.
+
+<p>In contrast, the <tt>->len</tt> and <tt>->len_lazy</tt> counts
+are adjusted only after the corresponding callbacks have been invoked.
+This means that the <tt>->len</tt> count is zero only if
+the <tt>rcu_segcblist</tt> structure really is devoid of callbacks.
Of course, off-CPU sampling of the <tt>->len</tt> count requires
-the use of appropriate synchronization, for example, memory barriers.
+careful use of appropriate synchronization, for example, memory barriers.
This synchronization can be a bit subtle, particularly in the case
of <tt>rcu_barrier()</tt>.
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 08/20] doc: rcu: Update description of gp_seq fields in rcu_data
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (6 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 07/20] doc: rcu: Better clarify the rcu_segcblist ->len field Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 09/20] doc: Document rcutorture forward-progress test kernel parameters Paul E. McKenney
` (11 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
kernel-team, Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
The rcu_state structure doesn't have a gp_seq_needed field. Update the
description under rcu_data accordingly, to reflect this.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: <kernel-team@android.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
.../RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html | 7 ++++---
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
index 3ed5f0182bc4..18f179807563 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
@@ -1011,9 +1011,10 @@ as follows:
5 bool gpwrap;
</pre>
-<p>The <tt>->gp_seq</tt> and <tt>->gp_seq_needed</tt>
-fields are the counterparts of the fields of the same name
-in the <tt>rcu_state</tt> and <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures.
+<p>The <tt>->gp_seq</tt> field is the counterpart of the field of the same
+name in the <tt>rcu_state</tt> and <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures. The
+<tt>->gp_seq_needed</tt> field is the counterpart of the field of the same
+name in the rcu_node</tt> structure.
They may each lag up to one behind their <tt>rcu_node</tt>
counterparts, but in <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE</tt> and
<tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL</tt> kernels can lag
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 09/20] doc: Document rcutorture forward-progress test kernel parameters
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (7 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 08/20] doc: rcu: Update description of gp_seq fields in rcu_data Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 10/20] doc: rcu: Update core and full API in whatisRCU Paul E. McKenney
` (10 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E. McKenney
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 17 +++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 17 insertions(+)
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index 81d1d5a74728..3823679deea5 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -3773,6 +3773,23 @@
Set wait time between force_quiescent_state bursts
in seconds.
+ rcutorture.fwd_progress= [KNL]
+ Enable RCU grace-period forward-progress testing
+ for the types of RCU supporting this notion.
+
+ rcutorture.fwd_progress_div= [KNL]
+ Specify the fraction of a CPU-stall-warning
+ period to do tight-loop forward-progress testing.
+
+ rcutorture.fwd_progress_holdoff= [KNL]
+ Number of seconds to wait between successive
+ forward-progress tests.
+
+ rcutorture.fwd_progress_need_resched= [KNL]
+ Enclose cond_resched() calls within checks for
+ need_resched() during tight-loop forward-progress
+ testing.
+
rcutorture.gp_cond= [KNL]
Use conditional/asynchronous update-side
primitives, if available.
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 10/20] doc: rcu: Update core and full API in whatisRCU
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (8 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 09/20] doc: Document rcutorture forward-progress test kernel parameters Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 11/20] doc: rcu: Add more rationale for using rcu_read_lock_sched in checklist Paul E. McKenney
` (9 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
RCU consolidation effort causes the update side of the RCU API to
be consistent across all the 3 RCU flavors (normal, sched, bh). This
commit therefore updates the full API in the whatisRCU document, thus
encouraging people to use the consolidated RCU update API instead of
the old RCU-bh and RCU-sched update APIs.
Also rcu_dereference is documented to be the same for all 3 mechanisms
(even before the consolidation), however its actually different - as
using the right rcu_dereference primitive (such as rcu_dereference_bh
for bh) is needed to make lock debugging work correctly. This update
also corrects that.
Also, add local_bh_disable() and local_bh_enable() as softirq
protection primitives and correct a grammar error in a quiz answer.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt | 55 +++++++++++++++++----------------
1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt b/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt
index 86d82f7f3500..7c33445fd0e5 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt
@@ -322,28 +322,27 @@ to their callers and (2) call_rcu() callbacks may be invoked. Efficient
implementations of the RCU infrastructure make heavy use of batching in
order to amortize their overhead over many uses of the corresponding APIs.
-There are no fewer than three RCU mechanisms in the Linux kernel; the
-diagram above shows the first one, which is by far the most commonly used.
-The rcu_dereference() and rcu_assign_pointer() primitives are used for
-all three mechanisms, but different defer and protect primitives are
-used as follows:
+There are at least three flavors of RCU usage in the Linux kernel. The diagram
+above shows the most common one. On the updater side, the rcu_assign_pointer(),
+sychronize_rcu() and call_rcu() primitives used are the same for all three
+flavors. However for protection (on the reader side), the primitives used vary
+depending on the flavor:
- Defer Protect
+a. rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock()
+ rcu_dereference()
-a. synchronize_rcu() rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock()
- call_rcu() rcu_dereference()
+b. rcu_read_lock_bh() / rcu_read_unlock_bh()
+ local_bh_disable() / local_bh_enable()
+ rcu_dereference_bh()
-b. synchronize_rcu_bh() rcu_read_lock_bh() / rcu_read_unlock_bh()
- call_rcu_bh() rcu_dereference_bh()
+c. rcu_read_lock_sched() / rcu_read_unlock_sched()
+ preempt_disable() / preempt_enable()
+ local_irq_save() / local_irq_restore()
+ hardirq enter / hardirq exit
+ NMI enter / NMI exit
+ rcu_dereference_sched()
-c. synchronize_sched() rcu_read_lock_sched() / rcu_read_unlock_sched()
- call_rcu_sched() preempt_disable() / preempt_enable()
- local_irq_save() / local_irq_restore()
- hardirq enter / hardirq exit
- NMI enter / NMI exit
- rcu_dereference_sched()
-
-These three mechanisms are used as follows:
+These three flavors are used as follows:
a. RCU applied to normal data structures.
@@ -867,18 +866,20 @@ RCU: Critical sections Grace period Barrier
bh: Critical sections Grace period Barrier
- rcu_read_lock_bh call_rcu_bh rcu_barrier_bh
- rcu_read_unlock_bh synchronize_rcu_bh
- rcu_dereference_bh synchronize_rcu_bh_expedited
+ rcu_read_lock_bh call_rcu rcu_barrier
+ rcu_read_unlock_bh synchronize_rcu
+ [local_bh_disable] synchronize_rcu_expedited
+ [and friends]
+ rcu_dereference_bh
rcu_dereference_bh_check
rcu_dereference_bh_protected
rcu_read_lock_bh_held
sched: Critical sections Grace period Barrier
- rcu_read_lock_sched synchronize_sched rcu_barrier_sched
- rcu_read_unlock_sched call_rcu_sched
- [preempt_disable] synchronize_sched_expedited
+ rcu_read_lock_sched call_rcu rcu_barrier
+ rcu_read_unlock_sched synchronize_rcu
+ [preempt_disable] synchronize_rcu_expedited
[and friends]
rcu_read_lock_sched_notrace
rcu_read_unlock_sched_notrace
@@ -890,8 +891,8 @@ sched: Critical sections Grace period Barrier
SRCU: Critical sections Grace period Barrier
- srcu_read_lock synchronize_srcu srcu_barrier
- srcu_read_unlock call_srcu
+ srcu_read_lock call_srcu srcu_barrier
+ srcu_read_unlock synchronize_srcu
srcu_dereference synchronize_srcu_expedited
srcu_dereference_check
srcu_read_lock_held
@@ -1034,7 +1035,7 @@ Answer: Just as PREEMPT_RT permits preemption of spinlock
spinlocks blocking while in RCU read-side critical
sections.
- Why the apparent inconsistency? Because it is it
+ Why the apparent inconsistency? Because it is
possible to use priority boosting to keep the RCU
grace periods short if need be (for example, if running
short of memory). In contrast, if blocking waiting
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 11/20] doc: rcu: Add more rationale for using rcu_read_lock_sched in checklist
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (9 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 10/20] doc: rcu: Update core and full API in whatisRCU Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 12/20] doc: rcu: Remove obsolete suggestion from checklist Paul E. McKenney
` (8 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
This commit explains why rcu_read_lock_sched is better than using
preempt_disable.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
index 49747717d905..8860ab2a897a 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
pointer must be covered by rcu_read_lock(), rcu_read_lock_bh(),
rcu_read_lock_sched(), or by the appropriate update-side lock.
Disabling of preemption can serve as rcu_read_lock_sched(), but
- is less readable.
+ is less readable and prevents lockdep from detecting locking issues.
Letting RCU-protected pointers "leak" out of an RCU read-side
critical section is every bid as bad as letting them leak out
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 12/20] doc: rcu: Remove obsolete suggestion from checklist
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (10 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 11/20] doc: rcu: Add more rationale for using rcu_read_lock_sched in checklist Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 13/20] doc: rcu: Remove obsolete checklist item about synchronize_rcu usage Paul E. McKenney
` (7 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
call_rcu_bh is now implemented in terms of call_rcu, so the suggestion
to use a different API for speed benefits is not accurate anymore.
This commit updates the document accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt | 6 +-----
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 5 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
index 8860ab2a897a..cc22ce49618d 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
@@ -285,11 +285,7 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
here is that superuser already has lots of ways to crash
the machine.
- d. Use call_rcu_bh() rather than call_rcu(), in order to take
- advantage of call_rcu_bh()'s faster grace periods. (This
- is only a partial solution, though.)
-
- e. Periodically invoke synchronize_rcu(), permitting a limited
+ d. Periodically invoke synchronize_rcu(), permitting a limited
number of updates per grace period.
The same cautions apply to call_rcu_bh(), call_rcu_sched(),
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 13/20] doc: rcu: Remove obsolete checklist item about synchronize_rcu usage
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (11 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 12/20] doc: rcu: Remove obsolete suggestion from checklist Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 14/20] doc: rcu: Encourage use of rcu_barrier in checklist Paul E. McKenney
` (6 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Since the RCU mechanisms have been consolidated, the checklist item
warning that synchronize_rcu() waits only for RCU readers is obsolete.
This commit therefore removes this checklist item.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt | 37 +++++++--------------------------
1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
index cc22ce49618d..b90ad1b0665a 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
@@ -320,37 +320,14 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
will break Alpha, cause aggressive compilers to generate bad code,
and confuse people trying to read your code.
-11. Note that synchronize_rcu() -only- guarantees to wait until
- all currently executing rcu_read_lock()-protected RCU read-side
- critical sections complete. It does -not- necessarily guarantee
- that all currently running interrupts, NMIs, preempt_disable()
- code, or idle loops will complete. Therefore, if your
- read-side critical sections are protected by something other
- than rcu_read_lock(), do -not- use synchronize_rcu().
-
- Similarly, disabling preemption is not an acceptable substitute
- for rcu_read_lock(). Code that attempts to use preemption
- disabling where it should be using rcu_read_lock() will break
- in CONFIG_PREEMPT=y kernel builds.
-
- If you want to wait for interrupt handlers, NMI handlers, and
- code under the influence of preempt_disable(), you instead
- need to use synchronize_irq() or synchronize_sched().
-
- This same limitation also applies to synchronize_rcu_bh()
- and synchronize_srcu(), as well as to the asynchronous and
- expedited forms of the three primitives, namely call_rcu(),
- call_rcu_bh(), call_srcu(), synchronize_rcu_expedited(),
- synchronize_rcu_bh_expedited(), and synchronize_srcu_expedited().
-
-12. Any lock acquired by an RCU callback must be acquired elsewhere
+11. Any lock acquired by an RCU callback must be acquired elsewhere
with softirq disabled, e.g., via spin_lock_irqsave(),
spin_lock_bh(), etc. Failing to disable irq on a given
acquisition of that lock will result in deadlock as soon as
the RCU softirq handler happens to run your RCU callback while
interrupting that acquisition's critical section.
-13. RCU callbacks can be and are executed in parallel. In many cases,
+12. RCU callbacks can be and are executed in parallel. In many cases,
the callback code simply wrappers around kfree(), so that this
is not an issue (or, more accurately, to the extent that it is
an issue, the memory-allocator locking handles it). However,
@@ -366,7 +343,7 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
not the case, a self-spawning RCU callback would prevent the
victim CPU from ever going offline.)
-14. Unlike other forms of RCU, it -is- permissible to block in an
+13. Unlike other forms of RCU, it -is- permissible to block in an
SRCU read-side critical section (demarked by srcu_read_lock()
and srcu_read_unlock()), hence the "SRCU": "sleepable RCU".
Please note that if you don't need to sleep in read-side critical
@@ -410,7 +387,7 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
Note that rcu_dereference() and rcu_assign_pointer() relate to
SRCU just as they do to other forms of RCU.
-15. The whole point of call_rcu(), synchronize_rcu(), and friends
+14. The whole point of call_rcu(), synchronize_rcu(), and friends
is to wait until all pre-existing readers have finished before
carrying out some otherwise-destructive operation. It is
therefore critically important to -first- remove any path
@@ -422,13 +399,13 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
is the caller's responsibility to guarantee that any subsequent
readers will execute safely.
-16. The various RCU read-side primitives do -not- necessarily contain
+15. The various RCU read-side primitives do -not- necessarily contain
memory barriers. You should therefore plan for the CPU
and the compiler to freely reorder code into and out of RCU
read-side critical sections. It is the responsibility of the
RCU update-side primitives to deal with this.
-17. Use CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING, CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, and the
+16. Use CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING, CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, and the
__rcu sparse checks to validate your RCU code. These can help
find problems as follows:
@@ -451,7 +428,7 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
These debugging aids can help you find problems that are
otherwise extremely difficult to spot.
-18. If you register a callback using call_rcu(), call_rcu_bh(),
+17. If you register a callback using call_rcu(), call_rcu_bh(),
call_rcu_sched(), or call_srcu(), and pass in a function defined
within a loadable module, then it in necessary to wait for
all pending callbacks to be invoked after the last invocation
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 14/20] doc: rcu: Encourage use of rcu_barrier in checklist
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (12 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 13/20] doc: rcu: Remove obsolete checklist item about synchronize_rcu usage Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 15/20] doc: Make reader aware of rcu_dereference_protected Paul E. McKenney
` (5 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
The checklist suggests rcu_barrier_bh() for RCU-bh and similarly for
sched, however these APIs are now implemented as rcu_barrier() itself due
to the RCU consolidation. This commit therefore corrects checklist.txt
to encourage use of the underlying rcu_barrier() API.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt | 4 ++--
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
index b90ad1b0665a..6f469864d9f5 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
@@ -442,8 +442,8 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
You instead need to use one of the barrier functions:
o call_rcu() -> rcu_barrier()
- o call_rcu_bh() -> rcu_barrier_bh()
- o call_rcu_sched() -> rcu_barrier_sched()
+ o call_rcu_bh() -> rcu_barrier()
+ o call_rcu_sched() -> rcu_barrier()
o call_srcu() -> srcu_barrier()
However, these barrier functions are absolutely -not- guaranteed
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 15/20] doc: Make reader aware of rcu_dereference_protected
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (13 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 14/20] doc: rcu: Encourage use of rcu_barrier in checklist Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 16/20] doc: Remove obsolete (non-)requirement about disabling preemption Paul E. McKenney
` (4 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
tytso, Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
The whatisRCU.txt document says rcu_dereference() cannot be used
outside of rcu_read_lock() protected sections. The commit adds a
mention of rcu_dereference_protected(), so that the new reader knows
that this API can be used to avoid update-side use of rcu_read_lock()
and rcu_read_unlock().
Cc: tytso@mit.edu
Suggested-by: tytso@mit.edu
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
[ paulmck: Update wording, including further feedback from Joel. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt | 15 ++++++++++++++-
1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt b/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt
index 7c33445fd0e5..4a6854318b17 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ rcu_dereference()
unnecessary overhead on Alpha CPUs.
Note that the value returned by rcu_dereference() is valid
- only within the enclosing RCU read-side critical section.
+ only within the enclosing RCU read-side critical section [1].
For example, the following is -not- legal:
rcu_read_lock();
@@ -292,6 +292,19 @@ rcu_dereference()
typically used indirectly, via the _rcu list-manipulation
primitives, such as list_for_each_entry_rcu().
+ [1] The variant rcu_dereference_protected() can be used outside
+ of an RCU read-side critical section as long as the usage is
+ protected by locks acquired by the update-side code. This variant
+ avoids the lockdep warning that would happen when using (for
+ example) rcu_dereference() without rcu_read_lock() protection.
+ Using rcu_dereference_protected() also has the advantage
+ of permitting compiler optimizations that rcu_dereference()
+ must prohibit. The rcu_dereference_protected() variant takes
+ a lockdep expression to indicate which locks must be acquired
+ by the caller. If the indicated protection is not provided,
+ a lockdep splat is emitted. See RCU/Design/Requirements.html
+ and the API's code comments for more details and example usage.
+
The following diagram shows how each API communicates among the
reader, updater, and reclaimer.
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 16/20] doc: Remove obsolete (non-)requirement about disabling preemption
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (14 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 15/20] doc: Make reader aware of rcu_dereference_protected Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 17/20] doc: Make listing in RCU perf/scale requirements use rcu_assign_pointer() Paul E. McKenney
` (3 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
The Requirements.html document says "Disabling Preemption Does
Not Block Grace Periods". However this is no longer true with
the RCU consolidation. This commit therefore removes the obsolete
(non-)requirement entirely.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
.../RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html | 50 -------------------
1 file changed, 50 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
index 7efc1c1da7af..4fae55056c1d 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
@@ -900,8 +900,6 @@ Except where otherwise noted, these non-guarantees were premeditated.
Grace Periods Don't Partition Read-Side Critical Sections</a>
<li> <a href="#Read-Side Critical Sections Don't Partition Grace Periods">
Read-Side Critical Sections Don't Partition Grace Periods</a>
-<li> <a href="#Disabling Preemption Does Not Block Grace Periods">
- Disabling Preemption Does Not Block Grace Periods</a>
</ol>
<h3><a name="Readers Impose Minimal Ordering">Readers Impose Minimal Ordering</a></h3>
@@ -1259,54 +1257,6 @@ of RCU grace periods.
<tr><td> </td></tr>
</table>
-<h3><a name="Disabling Preemption Does Not Block Grace Periods">
-Disabling Preemption Does Not Block Grace Periods</a></h3>
-
-<p>
-There was a time when disabling preemption on any given CPU would block
-subsequent grace periods.
-However, this was an accident of implementation and is not a requirement.
-And in the current Linux-kernel implementation, disabling preemption
-on a given CPU in fact does not block grace periods, as Oleg Nesterov
-<a href="https://lkml.kernel.org/g/20150614193825.GA19582@redhat.com">demonstrated</a>.
-
-<p>
-If you need a preempt-disable region to block grace periods, you need to add
-<tt>rcu_read_lock()</tt> and <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt>, for example
-as follows:
-
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
- 1 preempt_disable();
- 2 rcu_read_lock();
- 3 do_something();
- 4 rcu_read_unlock();
- 5 preempt_enable();
- 6
- 7 /* Spinlocks implicitly disable preemption. */
- 8 spin_lock(&mylock);
- 9 rcu_read_lock();
-10 do_something();
-11 rcu_read_unlock();
-12 spin_unlock(&mylock);
-</pre>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>
-In theory, you could enter the RCU read-side critical section first,
-but it is more efficient to keep the entire RCU read-side critical
-section contained in the preempt-disable region as shown above.
-Of course, RCU read-side critical sections that extend outside of
-preempt-disable regions will work correctly, but such critical sections
-can be preempted, which forces <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> to do
-more work.
-And no, this is <i>not</i> an invitation to enclose all of your RCU
-read-side critical sections within preempt-disable regions, because
-doing so would degrade real-time response.
-
-<p>
-This non-requirement appeared with preemptible RCU.
-
<h2><a name="Parallelism Facts of Life">Parallelism Facts of Life</a></h2>
<p>
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 17/20] doc: Make listing in RCU perf/scale requirements use rcu_assign_pointer()
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (15 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 16/20] doc: Remove obsolete (non-)requirement about disabling preemption Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 18/20] doc: RCU scheduler spinlock rcu_read_unlock() restriction remains Paul E. McKenney
` (2 subsequent siblings)
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
The code listing under this section has a quick quiz that says line
19 uses rcu_access_pointer, but the code listing itself instead uses
rcu_dereference(). This commit therefore makes the code listing match
the quick quiz.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
index 4fae55056c1d..f74a2233865c 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
@@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@ used in place of <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt> as follows:
16 struct foo *p;
17
18 spin_lock(&gp_lock);
-19 p = rcu_dereference(gp);
+19 p = rcu_access_pointer(gp);
20 if (!p) {
21 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
22 return false;
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 18/20] doc: RCU scheduler spinlock rcu_read_unlock() restriction remains
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (16 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 17/20] doc: Make listing in RCU perf/scale requirements use rcu_assign_pointer() Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 19/20] doc: Correct parameter in stallwarn Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 20/20] doc: Fix "struction" typo in RCU memory-ordering documentation Paul E. McKenney
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E. McKenney
Given RCU flavor consolidation, when rcu_read_unlock() is invoked with
interrupts disabled, the reporting of the corresponding quiescent state is
deferred until interrupts are re-enabled. There was therefore some hope
that this would allow dropping the restriction against holding scheduler
spinlocks across an rcu_read_unlock() without disabling interrupts across
the entire corresponding RCU read-side critical section. Unfortunately,
the need to quickly provide a quiescent state to expedited grace periods
sometimes requires a call to raise_softirq() during rcu_read_unlock()
execution. Because raise_softirq() can sometimes acquire the scheduler
spinlocks, the restriction must remain in effect. This commit therefore
updates the RCU requirements documentation accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
.../RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html | 44 ++++++++++++-------
1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
index f74a2233865c..9fca73e03a98 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
@@ -2475,23 +2475,37 @@ for context-switch-heavy <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y</tt> workloads,
but there is room for further improvement.
<p>
-In the past, it was forbidden to disable interrupts across an
-<tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> unless that interrupt-disabled region
-of code also included the matching <tt>rcu_read_lock()</tt>.
-Violating this restriction could result in deadlocks involving the
-scheduler's runqueue and priority-inheritance spinlocks.
-This restriction was lifted when interrupt-disabled calls to
-<tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> started deferring the reporting of
-the resulting RCU-preempt quiescent state until the end of that
+It is forbidden to hold any of scheduler's runqueue or priority-inheritance
+spinlocks across an <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> unless interrupts have been
+disabled across the entire RCU read-side critical section, that is,
+up to and including the matching <tt>rcu_read_lock()</tt>.
+Violating this restriction can result in deadlocks involving these
+scheduler spinlocks.
+There was hope that this restriction might be lifted when interrupt-disabled
+calls to <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> started deferring the reporting of
+the resulting RCU-preempt quiescent state until the end of the corresponding
interrupts-disabled region.
-This deferred reporting means that the scheduler's runqueue and
-priority-inheritance locks cannot be held while reporting an RCU-preempt
-quiescent state, which lifts the earlier restriction, at least from
-a deadlock perspective.
-Unfortunately, real-time systems using RCU priority boosting may
+Unfortunately, timely reporting of the corresponding quiescent state
+to expedited grace periods requires a call to <tt>raise_softirq()</tt>,
+which can acquire these scheduler spinlocks.
+In addition, real-time systems using RCU priority boosting
need this restriction to remain in effect because deferred
-quiescent-state reporting also defers deboosting, which in turn
-degrades real-time latencies.
+quiescent-state reporting would also defer deboosting, which in turn
+would degrade real-time latencies.
+
+<p>
+In theory, if a given RCU read-side critical section could be
+guaranteed to be less than one second in duration, holding a scheduler
+spinlock across that critical section's <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt>
+would require only that preemption be disabled across the entire
+RCU read-side critical section, not interrupts.
+Unfortunately, given the possibility of vCPU preemption, long-running
+interrupts, and so on, it is not possible in practice to guarantee
+that a given RCU read-side critical section will complete in less than
+one second.
+Therefore, as noted above, if scheduler spinlocks are held across
+a given call to <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt>, interrupts must be
+disabled across the entire RCU read-side critical section.
<h3><a name="Tracing and RCU">Tracing and RCU</a></h3>
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 19/20] doc: Correct parameter in stallwarn
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (17 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 18/20] doc: RCU scheduler spinlock rcu_read_unlock() restriction remains Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 20/20] doc: Fix "struction" typo in RCU memory-ordering documentation Paul E. McKenney
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
The stallwarn document incorrectly mentions 'fps=' instead of 'fqs='.
This commit orrects that.
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
index b01bcafc64aa..073dbc12d1ea 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ handlers are no longer able to execute on this CPU. This can happen if
the stalled CPU is spinning with interrupts are disabled, or, in -rt
kernels, if a high-priority process is starving RCU's softirq handler.
-The "fps=" shows the number of force-quiescent-state idle/offline
+The "fqs=" shows the number of force-quiescent-state idle/offline
detection passes that the grace-period kthread has made across this
CPU since the last time that this CPU noted the beginning of a grace
period.
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 20/20] doc: Fix "struction" typo in RCU memory-ordering documentation
2018-11-11 19:56 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/20] Documentation updates for v4.21/v5.0 Paul E. McKenney
` (18 preceding siblings ...)
2018-11-11 19:56 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 19/20] doc: Correct parameter in stallwarn Paul E. McKenney
@ 2018-11-11 19:56 ` Paul E. McKenney
19 siblings, 0 replies; 21+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2018-11-11 19:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg, joel,
Paul E . McKenney
From: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
This commit replaces "struction" with the correct "structure".
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
---
.../RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html
index a346ce0116eb..e4d94fba6c89 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ The key point is that the lock-acquisition functions, including
<tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> immediately after successful
acquisition of the lock.
-<p>Therefore, for any given <tt>rcu_node</tt> struction, any access
+<p>Therefore, for any given <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, any access
happening before one of the above lock-release functions will be seen
by all CPUs as happening before any access happening after a later
one of the above lock-acquisition functions.
--
2.17.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 21+ messages in thread
