* [PATCH] nvme: fix out-of-bounds access during irq vectors allocation
@ 2019-01-17 3:10 Huacai Chen
2019-01-17 3:51 ` Jens Axboe
0 siblings, 1 reply; 6+ messages in thread
From: Huacai Chen @ 2019-01-17 3:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
While reducing irq_queues in the do-while loop in nvme_setup_irqs(),
the reduction of irq_sets[] is behind irq_queues. Below is an example.
On a 8 cpu platform, with default setting, nvme_setup_irqs() begin with
irq_queues = 8 (but when allocating irq vectors it will become 9 due to
the admin queue), affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0]
= 8. If MSI-X resources are not enough, then the do-while loop will
reduce irq vectors:
The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
irq_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
irq_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
irq_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
However, this will cause an out of bounds access in __pci_enable_msix()
--> ... --> irq_create_affinity_masks() --> irq_build_affinity_masks().
In the 2nd round of reduction, let's pay attention to the calling of
irq_build_affinity_masks(affd, curvec, this_vecs, curvec, node_to_cpumask, masks):
The number of elements in masks is 8 (depends on nvecs which is equal to
irq_queues), curvec is 1 (depends on affd.pre_vectors), then
irq_build_affinity_masks() will access 8 elements in masks (depends on
this_vecs which is equal to affd.sets[0]), and the last element is out
of bounds.
So the root cause is affd.sets[] + affd.pre_vectors should not be larger
than vectors to be allocated. In this patch we introduce alloc_queues to
indicate how many queues to allocate (not reuse irq_queues), and so we
can adjust affd.set[] correctly (depends on irq_queues) to avoid out of
bounds access.
After this patch:
The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
irq_queues = 8, alloc_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
irq_queues = 7, alloc_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
irq_queues = 6, alloc_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 6
Fixes: 6451fe73fa0f542a49bf ("nvme: fix irq vs io_queue calculations")
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhc at lemote.com>
---
drivers/nvme/host/pci.c | 12 +++++++-----
1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c b/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c
index deb1a66..171fa7b 100644
--- a/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c
+++ b/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c
@@ -2084,7 +2084,7 @@ static int nvme_setup_irqs(struct nvme_dev *dev, unsigned int nr_io_queues)
.sets = irq_sets,
};
int result = 0;
- unsigned int irq_queues, this_p_queues;
+ unsigned int irq_queues, this_p_queues, alloc_queues;
/*
* Poll queues don't need interrupts, but we need at least one IO
@@ -2116,11 +2116,13 @@ static int nvme_setup_irqs(struct nvme_dev *dev, unsigned int nr_io_queues)
* 1 + 1 queues, just ask for a single vector. We'll share
* that between the single IO queue and the admin queue.
*/
- if (result >= 0 && irq_queues > 1)
- irq_queues = irq_sets[0] + irq_sets[1] + 1;
+ if (irq_queues == 1)
+ alloc_queues = 1;
+ else
+ alloc_queues = irq_sets[0] + irq_sets[1] + 1;
- result = pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(pdev, irq_queues,
- irq_queues,
+ result = pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(pdev, alloc_queues,
+ alloc_queues,
PCI_IRQ_ALL_TYPES | PCI_IRQ_AFFINITY, &affd);
/*
--
2.7.0
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread* [PATCH] nvme: fix out-of-bounds access during irq vectors allocation
2019-01-17 3:10 [PATCH] nvme: fix out-of-bounds access during irq vectors allocation Huacai Chen
@ 2019-01-17 3:51 ` Jens Axboe
2019-01-17 3:57 ` Jens Axboe
0 siblings, 1 reply; 6+ messages in thread
From: Jens Axboe @ 2019-01-17 3:51 UTC (permalink / raw)
On 1/16/19 8:10 PM, Huacai Chen wrote:
> While reducing irq_queues in the do-while loop in nvme_setup_irqs(),
> the reduction of irq_sets[] is behind irq_queues. Below is an example.
>
> On a 8 cpu platform, with default setting, nvme_setup_irqs() begin with
> irq_queues = 8 (but when allocating irq vectors it will become 9 due to
> the admin queue), affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0]
> = 8. If MSI-X resources are not enough, then the do-while loop will
> reduce irq vectors:
>
> The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> irq_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
> The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> irq_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
> The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> irq_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
>
> However, this will cause an out of bounds access in __pci_enable_msix()
> --> ... --> irq_create_affinity_masks() --> irq_build_affinity_masks().
>
> In the 2nd round of reduction, let's pay attention to the calling of
> irq_build_affinity_masks(affd, curvec, this_vecs, curvec, node_to_cpumask, masks):
>
> The number of elements in masks is 8 (depends on nvecs which is equal to
> irq_queues), curvec is 1 (depends on affd.pre_vectors), then
> irq_build_affinity_masks() will access 8 elements in masks (depends on
> this_vecs which is equal to affd.sets[0]), and the last element is out
> of bounds.
>
> So the root cause is affd.sets[] + affd.pre_vectors should not be larger
> than vectors to be allocated. In this patch we introduce alloc_queues to
> indicate how many queues to allocate (not reuse irq_queues), and so we
> can adjust affd.set[] correctly (depends on irq_queues) to avoid out of
> bounds access.
>
> After this patch:
>
> The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> irq_queues = 8, alloc_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
> The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> irq_queues = 7, alloc_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
> The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> irq_queues = 6, alloc_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 6
We currently have this one queued up:
http://git.kernel.dk/cgit/linux-block/commit/?h=for-linus&id=c45b1fa2433c65e44bdf48f513cb37289f3116b9
can you check if it fixes the issue for you?
--
Jens Axboe
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread
* [PATCH] nvme: fix out-of-bounds access during irq vectors allocation
2019-01-17 3:51 ` Jens Axboe
@ 2019-01-17 3:57 ` Jens Axboe
2019-01-17 15:22 ` Keith Busch
0 siblings, 1 reply; 6+ messages in thread
From: Jens Axboe @ 2019-01-17 3:57 UTC (permalink / raw)
On 1/16/19 8:51 PM, Jens Axboe wrote:
> On 1/16/19 8:10 PM, Huacai Chen wrote:
>> While reducing irq_queues in the do-while loop in nvme_setup_irqs(),
>> the reduction of irq_sets[] is behind irq_queues. Below is an example.
>>
>> On a 8 cpu platform, with default setting, nvme_setup_irqs() begin with
>> irq_queues = 8 (but when allocating irq vectors it will become 9 due to
>> the admin queue), affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0]
>> = 8. If MSI-X resources are not enough, then the do-while loop will
>> reduce irq vectors:
>>
>> The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>> irq_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
>> The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>> irq_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
>> The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>> irq_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
>>
>> However, this will cause an out of bounds access in __pci_enable_msix()
>> --> ... --> irq_create_affinity_masks() --> irq_build_affinity_masks().
>>
>> In the 2nd round of reduction, let's pay attention to the calling of
>> irq_build_affinity_masks(affd, curvec, this_vecs, curvec, node_to_cpumask, masks):
>>
>> The number of elements in masks is 8 (depends on nvecs which is equal to
>> irq_queues), curvec is 1 (depends on affd.pre_vectors), then
>> irq_build_affinity_masks() will access 8 elements in masks (depends on
>> this_vecs which is equal to affd.sets[0]), and the last element is out
>> of bounds.
>>
>> So the root cause is affd.sets[] + affd.pre_vectors should not be larger
>> than vectors to be allocated. In this patch we introduce alloc_queues to
>> indicate how many queues to allocate (not reuse irq_queues), and so we
>> can adjust affd.set[] correctly (depends on irq_queues) to avoid out of
>> bounds access.
>>
>> After this patch:
>>
>> The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>> irq_queues = 8, alloc_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
>> The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>> irq_queues = 7, alloc_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
>> The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>> irq_queues = 6, alloc_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 6
>
> We currently have this one queued up:
>
> http://git.kernel.dk/cgit/linux-block/commit/?h=for-linus&id=c45b1fa2433c65e44bdf48f513cb37289f3116b9
>
> can you check if it fixes the issue for you?
Nevermind, took a closer look, and this looks like a different issue.
--
Jens Axboe
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread
* [PATCH] nvme: fix out-of-bounds access during irq vectors allocation
2019-01-17 3:57 ` Jens Axboe
@ 2019-01-17 15:22 ` Keith Busch
2019-01-17 15:24 ` Jens Axboe
0 siblings, 1 reply; 6+ messages in thread
From: Keith Busch @ 2019-01-17 15:22 UTC (permalink / raw)
On Wed, Jan 16, 2019@08:57:21PM -0700, Jens Axboe wrote:
> On 1/16/19 8:51 PM, Jens Axboe wrote:
> > On 1/16/19 8:10 PM, Huacai Chen wrote:
> >> While reducing irq_queues in the do-while loop in nvme_setup_irqs(),
> >> the reduction of irq_sets[] is behind irq_queues. Below is an example.
> >>
> >> On a 8 cpu platform, with default setting, nvme_setup_irqs() begin with
> >> irq_queues = 8 (but when allocating irq vectors it will become 9 due to
> >> the admin queue), affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0]
> >> = 8. If MSI-X resources are not enough, then the do-while loop will
> >> reduce irq vectors:
> >>
> >> The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >> irq_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
> >> The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >> irq_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
> >> The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >> irq_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
> >>
> >> However, this will cause an out of bounds access in __pci_enable_msix()
> >> --> ... --> irq_create_affinity_masks() --> irq_build_affinity_masks().
> >>
> >> In the 2nd round of reduction, let's pay attention to the calling of
> >> irq_build_affinity_masks(affd, curvec, this_vecs, curvec, node_to_cpumask, masks):
> >>
> >> The number of elements in masks is 8 (depends on nvecs which is equal to
> >> irq_queues), curvec is 1 (depends on affd.pre_vectors), then
> >> irq_build_affinity_masks() will access 8 elements in masks (depends on
> >> this_vecs which is equal to affd.sets[0]), and the last element is out
> >> of bounds.
> >>
> >> So the root cause is affd.sets[] + affd.pre_vectors should not be larger
> >> than vectors to be allocated. In this patch we introduce alloc_queues to
> >> indicate how many queues to allocate (not reuse irq_queues), and so we
> >> can adjust affd.set[] correctly (depends on irq_queues) to avoid out of
> >> bounds access.
> >>
> >> After this patch:
> >>
> >> The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >> irq_queues = 8, alloc_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
> >> The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >> irq_queues = 7, alloc_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
> >> The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >> irq_queues = 6, alloc_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 6
> >
> > We currently have this one queued up:
> >
> > http://git.kernel.dk/cgit/linux-block/commit/?h=for-linus&id=c45b1fa2433c65e44bdf48f513cb37289f3116b9
> >
> > can you check if it fixes the issue for you?
>
> Nevermind, took a closer look, and this looks like a different issue.
The solutions look different, but I think they're both targeting the
same problem, which is the older code had been accounting for vectors
and queues differenting in the first iteration than subsequent ones. I
think Ming's patch will probably fix the issue raised here and worth a
shot at testing it.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread
* [PATCH] nvme: fix out-of-bounds access during irq vectors allocation
2019-01-17 15:22 ` Keith Busch
@ 2019-01-17 15:24 ` Jens Axboe
2019-01-18 1:48 ` Huacai Chen
0 siblings, 1 reply; 6+ messages in thread
From: Jens Axboe @ 2019-01-17 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
On 1/17/19 8:22 AM, Keith Busch wrote:
> On Wed, Jan 16, 2019@08:57:21PM -0700, Jens Axboe wrote:
>> On 1/16/19 8:51 PM, Jens Axboe wrote:
>>> On 1/16/19 8:10 PM, Huacai Chen wrote:
>>>> While reducing irq_queues in the do-while loop in nvme_setup_irqs(),
>>>> the reduction of irq_sets[] is behind irq_queues. Below is an example.
>>>>
>>>> On a 8 cpu platform, with default setting, nvme_setup_irqs() begin with
>>>> irq_queues = 8 (but when allocating irq vectors it will become 9 due to
>>>> the admin queue), affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0]
>>>> = 8. If MSI-X resources are not enough, then the do-while loop will
>>>> reduce irq vectors:
>>>>
>>>> The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>>>> irq_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
>>>> The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>>>> irq_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
>>>> The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>>>> irq_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
>>>>
>>>> However, this will cause an out of bounds access in __pci_enable_msix()
>>>> --> ... --> irq_create_affinity_masks() --> irq_build_affinity_masks().
>>>>
>>>> In the 2nd round of reduction, let's pay attention to the calling of
>>>> irq_build_affinity_masks(affd, curvec, this_vecs, curvec, node_to_cpumask, masks):
>>>>
>>>> The number of elements in masks is 8 (depends on nvecs which is equal to
>>>> irq_queues), curvec is 1 (depends on affd.pre_vectors), then
>>>> irq_build_affinity_masks() will access 8 elements in masks (depends on
>>>> this_vecs which is equal to affd.sets[0]), and the last element is out
>>>> of bounds.
>>>>
>>>> So the root cause is affd.sets[] + affd.pre_vectors should not be larger
>>>> than vectors to be allocated. In this patch we introduce alloc_queues to
>>>> indicate how many queues to allocate (not reuse irq_queues), and so we
>>>> can adjust affd.set[] correctly (depends on irq_queues) to avoid out of
>>>> bounds access.
>>>>
>>>> After this patch:
>>>>
>>>> The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>>>> irq_queues = 8, alloc_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
>>>> The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>>>> irq_queues = 7, alloc_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
>>>> The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
>>>> irq_queues = 6, alloc_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 6
>>>
>>> We currently have this one queued up:
>>>
>>> http://git.kernel.dk/cgit/linux-block/commit/?h=for-linus&id=c45b1fa2433c65e44bdf48f513cb37289f3116b9
>>>
>>> can you check if it fixes the issue for you?
>>
>> Nevermind, took a closer look, and this looks like a different issue.
>
> The solutions look different, but I think they're both targeting the
> same problem, which is the older code had been accounting for vectors
> and queues differenting in the first iteration than subsequent ones. I
> think Ming's patch will probably fix the issue raised here and worth a
> shot at testing it.
OK good, then I wasn't completely crazy after all :-)
--
Jens Axboe
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread
* [PATCH] nvme: fix out-of-bounds access during irq vectors allocation
2019-01-17 15:24 ` Jens Axboe
@ 2019-01-18 1:48 ` Huacai Chen
0 siblings, 0 replies; 6+ messages in thread
From: Huacai Chen @ 2019-01-18 1:48 UTC (permalink / raw)
On Thu, Jan 17, 2019@11:24 PM Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> wrote:
>
> On 1/17/19 8:22 AM, Keith Busch wrote:
> > On Wed, Jan 16, 2019@08:57:21PM -0700, Jens Axboe wrote:
> >> On 1/16/19 8:51 PM, Jens Axboe wrote:
> >>> On 1/16/19 8:10 PM, Huacai Chen wrote:
> >>>> While reducing irq_queues in the do-while loop in nvme_setup_irqs(),
> >>>> the reduction of irq_sets[] is behind irq_queues. Below is an example.
> >>>>
> >>>> On a 8 cpu platform, with default setting, nvme_setup_irqs() begin with
> >>>> irq_queues = 8 (but when allocating irq vectors it will become 9 due to
> >>>> the admin queue), affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0]
> >>>> = 8. If MSI-X resources are not enough, then the do-while loop will
> >>>> reduce irq vectors:
> >>>>
> >>>> The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >>>> irq_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
> >>>> The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >>>> irq_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
> >>>> The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >>>> irq_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
> >>>>
> >>>> However, this will cause an out of bounds access in __pci_enable_msix()
> >>>> --> ... --> irq_create_affinity_masks() --> irq_build_affinity_masks().
> >>>>
> >>>> In the 2nd round of reduction, let's pay attention to the calling of
> >>>> irq_build_affinity_masks(affd, curvec, this_vecs, curvec, node_to_cpumask, masks):
> >>>>
> >>>> The number of elements in masks is 8 (depends on nvecs which is equal to
> >>>> irq_queues), curvec is 1 (depends on affd.pre_vectors), then
> >>>> irq_build_affinity_masks() will access 8 elements in masks (depends on
> >>>> this_vecs which is equal to affd.sets[0]), and the last element is out
> >>>> of bounds.
> >>>>
> >>>> So the root cause is affd.sets[] + affd.pre_vectors should not be larger
> >>>> than vectors to be allocated. In this patch we introduce alloc_queues to
> >>>> indicate how many queues to allocate (not reuse irq_queues), and so we
> >>>> can adjust affd.set[] correctly (depends on irq_queues) to avoid out of
> >>>> bounds access.
> >>>>
> >>>> After this patch:
> >>>>
> >>>> The 1st time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >>>> irq_queues = 8, alloc_queues = 9, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 8
> >>>> The 2nd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >>>> irq_queues = 7, alloc_queues = 8, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 7
> >>>> The 3rd time call pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity(),
> >>>> irq_queues = 6, alloc_queues = 7, affd.pre_vectors = 1, affd.nr_sets = 1, affd.sets[0] = 6
> >>>
> >>> We currently have this one queued up:
> >>>
> >>> http://git.kernel.dk/cgit/linux-block/commit/?h=for-linus&id=c45b1fa2433c65e44bdf48f513cb37289f3116b9
> >>>
> >>> can you check if it fixes the issue for you?
> >>
> >> Nevermind, took a closer look, and this looks like a different issue.
> >
> > The solutions look different, but I think they're both targeting the
> > same problem, which is the older code had been accounting for vectors
> > and queues differenting in the first iteration than subsequent ones. I
> > think Ming's patch will probably fix the issue raised here and worth a
> > shot at testing it.
>
> OK good, then I wasn't completely crazy after all :-)
Hi, all
I have tested, both patches have solve the same problem.
Huacai
>
> --
> Jens Axboe
>
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread
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Thread overview: 6+ messages (download: mbox.gz follow: Atom feed
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2019-01-17 3:10 [PATCH] nvme: fix out-of-bounds access during irq vectors allocation Huacai Chen
2019-01-17 3:51 ` Jens Axboe
2019-01-17 3:57 ` Jens Axboe
2019-01-17 15:22 ` Keith Busch
2019-01-17 15:24 ` Jens Axboe
2019-01-18 1:48 ` Huacai Chen
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