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From: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
To: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>,
	Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>,
	Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
	"James E.J. Bottomley" <James.Bottomley@hansenpartnership.com>,
	Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>, Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>,
	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
	linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org,
	linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org, linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-arch@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1 10/10] lkdtm: Fix execute_[user]_location()
Date: Wed, 13 Oct 2021 00:16:32 -0700	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <202110130012.4608FFD38E@keescook> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <c551f3f4b803d1a4a184b0fa94475d405ba436d8.1633964380.git.christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>

On Mon, Oct 11, 2021 at 05:25:37PM +0200, Christophe Leroy wrote:
> execute_location() and execute_user_location() intent
> to copy do_nothing() text and execute it at a new location.
> However, at the time being it doesn't copy do_nothing() function
> but do_nothing() function descriptor which still points to the
> original text. So at the end it still executes do_nothing() at
> its original location allthough using a copied function descriptor.
> 
> So, fix that by really copying do_nothing() text and build a new
> function descriptor by copying do_nothing() function descriptor and
> updating the target address with the new location.
> 
> Also fix the displayed addresses by dereferencing do_nothing()
> function descriptor.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
> ---
>  drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
>  1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> index da16564e1ecd..1d03cd44c21d 100644
> --- a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> +++ b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> @@ -44,19 +44,42 @@ static noinline void do_overwritten(void)
>  	return;
>  }
>  
> +static void *setup_function_descriptor(funct_descr_t *fdesc, void *dst)
> +{
> +	int err;
> +
> +	if (!__is_defined(HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR))
> +		return dst;
> +
> +	err = copy_from_kernel_nofault(fdesc, do_nothing, sizeof(*fdesc));
> +	if (err < 0)
> +		return ERR_PTR(err);
> +
> +	fdesc->addr = (unsigned long)dst;
> +	barrier();
> +
> +	return fdesc;
> +}
> +
>  static noinline void execute_location(void *dst, bool write)
>  {
> -	void (*func)(void) = dst;
> +	void (*func)(void);
> +	funct_descr_t fdesc;
> +	void *do_nothing_text = dereference_symbol_descriptor(do_nothing);
>  
> -	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing);
> +	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing_text);
>  	do_nothing();
>  
>  	if (write == CODE_WRITE) {
> -		memcpy(dst, do_nothing, EXEC_SIZE);
> +		memcpy(dst, do_nothing_text, EXEC_SIZE);
>  		flush_icache_range((unsigned long)dst,
>  				   (unsigned long)dst + EXEC_SIZE);
>  	}
> -	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", func);
> +	func = setup_function_descriptor(&fdesc, dst);
> +	if (IS_ERR(func))
> +		return;

I think this error case should complain with some details. :) Maybe:

	pr_err("FAIL: could not build function descriptor for %px\n", dst);

> +
> +	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", dst);

And then leave this pr_info() as it was, before the
setup_function_descriptor() call.

>  	func();
>  	pr_err("FAIL: func returned\n");
>  }
> @@ -66,16 +89,22 @@ static void execute_user_location(void *dst)
>  	int copied;
>  
>  	/* Intentionally crossing kernel/user memory boundary. */
> -	void (*func)(void) = dst;
> +	void (*func)(void);
> +	funct_descr_t fdesc;
> +	void *do_nothing_text = dereference_symbol_descriptor(do_nothing);
>  
> -	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing);
> +	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing_text);
>  	do_nothing();
>  
> -	copied = access_process_vm(current, (unsigned long)dst, do_nothing,
> +	copied = access_process_vm(current, (unsigned long)dst, do_nothing_text,
>  				   EXEC_SIZE, FOLL_WRITE);
>  	if (copied < EXEC_SIZE)
>  		return;
> -	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", func);
> +	func = setup_function_descriptor(&fdesc, dst);
> +	if (IS_ERR(func))
> +		return;
> +
> +	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", dst);

Same here.

>  	func();
>  	pr_err("FAIL: func returned\n");
>  }
> -- 
> 2.31.1
> 

-- 
Kees Cook

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
To: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>,
	Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>,
	Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
	"James E.J. Bottomley" <James.Bottomley@hansenpartnership.com>,
	Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>, Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>,
	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
	linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org,
	linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org, linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-arch@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1 10/10] lkdtm: Fix execute_[user]_location()
Date: Wed, 13 Oct 2021 07:16:32 +0000	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <202110130012.4608FFD38E@keescook> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <c551f3f4b803d1a4a184b0fa94475d405ba436d8.1633964380.git.christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>

On Mon, Oct 11, 2021 at 05:25:37PM +0200, Christophe Leroy wrote:
> execute_location() and execute_user_location() intent
> to copy do_nothing() text and execute it at a new location.
> However, at the time being it doesn't copy do_nothing() function
> but do_nothing() function descriptor which still points to the
> original text. So at the end it still executes do_nothing() at
> its original location allthough using a copied function descriptor.
> 
> So, fix that by really copying do_nothing() text and build a new
> function descriptor by copying do_nothing() function descriptor and
> updating the target address with the new location.
> 
> Also fix the displayed addresses by dereferencing do_nothing()
> function descriptor.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
> ---
>  drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
>  1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> index da16564e1ecd..1d03cd44c21d 100644
> --- a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> +++ b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> @@ -44,19 +44,42 @@ static noinline void do_overwritten(void)
>  	return;
>  }
>  
> +static void *setup_function_descriptor(funct_descr_t *fdesc, void *dst)
> +{
> +	int err;
> +
> +	if (!__is_defined(HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR))
> +		return dst;
> +
> +	err = copy_from_kernel_nofault(fdesc, do_nothing, sizeof(*fdesc));
> +	if (err < 0)
> +		return ERR_PTR(err);
> +
> +	fdesc->addr = (unsigned long)dst;
> +	barrier();
> +
> +	return fdesc;
> +}
> +
>  static noinline void execute_location(void *dst, bool write)
>  {
> -	void (*func)(void) = dst;
> +	void (*func)(void);
> +	funct_descr_t fdesc;
> +	void *do_nothing_text = dereference_symbol_descriptor(do_nothing);
>  
> -	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing);
> +	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing_text);
>  	do_nothing();
>  
>  	if (write = CODE_WRITE) {
> -		memcpy(dst, do_nothing, EXEC_SIZE);
> +		memcpy(dst, do_nothing_text, EXEC_SIZE);
>  		flush_icache_range((unsigned long)dst,
>  				   (unsigned long)dst + EXEC_SIZE);
>  	}
> -	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", func);
> +	func = setup_function_descriptor(&fdesc, dst);
> +	if (IS_ERR(func))
> +		return;

I think this error case should complain with some details. :) Maybe:

	pr_err("FAIL: could not build function descriptor for %px\n", dst);

> +
> +	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", dst);

And then leave this pr_info() as it was, before the
setup_function_descriptor() call.

>  	func();
>  	pr_err("FAIL: func returned\n");
>  }
> @@ -66,16 +89,22 @@ static void execute_user_location(void *dst)
>  	int copied;
>  
>  	/* Intentionally crossing kernel/user memory boundary. */
> -	void (*func)(void) = dst;
> +	void (*func)(void);
> +	funct_descr_t fdesc;
> +	void *do_nothing_text = dereference_symbol_descriptor(do_nothing);
>  
> -	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing);
> +	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing_text);
>  	do_nothing();
>  
> -	copied = access_process_vm(current, (unsigned long)dst, do_nothing,
> +	copied = access_process_vm(current, (unsigned long)dst, do_nothing_text,
>  				   EXEC_SIZE, FOLL_WRITE);
>  	if (copied < EXEC_SIZE)
>  		return;
> -	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", func);
> +	func = setup_function_descriptor(&fdesc, dst);
> +	if (IS_ERR(func))
> +		return;
> +
> +	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", dst);

Same here.

>  	func();
>  	pr_err("FAIL: func returned\n");
>  }
> -- 
> 2.31.1
> 

-- 
Kees Cook

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
To: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org, linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org, Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>,
	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
	Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>,
	linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	"James E.J. Bottomley" <James.Bottomley@hansenpartnership.com>,
	linux-mm@kvack.org, Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
	linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1 10/10] lkdtm: Fix execute_[user]_location()
Date: Wed, 13 Oct 2021 00:16:32 -0700	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <202110130012.4608FFD38E@keescook> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <c551f3f4b803d1a4a184b0fa94475d405ba436d8.1633964380.git.christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>

On Mon, Oct 11, 2021 at 05:25:37PM +0200, Christophe Leroy wrote:
> execute_location() and execute_user_location() intent
> to copy do_nothing() text and execute it at a new location.
> However, at the time being it doesn't copy do_nothing() function
> but do_nothing() function descriptor which still points to the
> original text. So at the end it still executes do_nothing() at
> its original location allthough using a copied function descriptor.
> 
> So, fix that by really copying do_nothing() text and build a new
> function descriptor by copying do_nothing() function descriptor and
> updating the target address with the new location.
> 
> Also fix the displayed addresses by dereferencing do_nothing()
> function descriptor.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
> ---
>  drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
>  1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> index da16564e1ecd..1d03cd44c21d 100644
> --- a/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> +++ b/drivers/misc/lkdtm/perms.c
> @@ -44,19 +44,42 @@ static noinline void do_overwritten(void)
>  	return;
>  }
>  
> +static void *setup_function_descriptor(funct_descr_t *fdesc, void *dst)
> +{
> +	int err;
> +
> +	if (!__is_defined(HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR))
> +		return dst;
> +
> +	err = copy_from_kernel_nofault(fdesc, do_nothing, sizeof(*fdesc));
> +	if (err < 0)
> +		return ERR_PTR(err);
> +
> +	fdesc->addr = (unsigned long)dst;
> +	barrier();
> +
> +	return fdesc;
> +}
> +
>  static noinline void execute_location(void *dst, bool write)
>  {
> -	void (*func)(void) = dst;
> +	void (*func)(void);
> +	funct_descr_t fdesc;
> +	void *do_nothing_text = dereference_symbol_descriptor(do_nothing);
>  
> -	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing);
> +	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing_text);
>  	do_nothing();
>  
>  	if (write == CODE_WRITE) {
> -		memcpy(dst, do_nothing, EXEC_SIZE);
> +		memcpy(dst, do_nothing_text, EXEC_SIZE);
>  		flush_icache_range((unsigned long)dst,
>  				   (unsigned long)dst + EXEC_SIZE);
>  	}
> -	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", func);
> +	func = setup_function_descriptor(&fdesc, dst);
> +	if (IS_ERR(func))
> +		return;

I think this error case should complain with some details. :) Maybe:

	pr_err("FAIL: could not build function descriptor for %px\n", dst);

> +
> +	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", dst);

And then leave this pr_info() as it was, before the
setup_function_descriptor() call.

>  	func();
>  	pr_err("FAIL: func returned\n");
>  }
> @@ -66,16 +89,22 @@ static void execute_user_location(void *dst)
>  	int copied;
>  
>  	/* Intentionally crossing kernel/user memory boundary. */
> -	void (*func)(void) = dst;
> +	void (*func)(void);
> +	funct_descr_t fdesc;
> +	void *do_nothing_text = dereference_symbol_descriptor(do_nothing);
>  
> -	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing);
> +	pr_info("attempting ok execution at %px\n", do_nothing_text);
>  	do_nothing();
>  
> -	copied = access_process_vm(current, (unsigned long)dst, do_nothing,
> +	copied = access_process_vm(current, (unsigned long)dst, do_nothing_text,
>  				   EXEC_SIZE, FOLL_WRITE);
>  	if (copied < EXEC_SIZE)
>  		return;
> -	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", func);
> +	func = setup_function_descriptor(&fdesc, dst);
> +	if (IS_ERR(func))
> +		return;
> +
> +	pr_info("attempting bad execution at %px\n", dst);

Same here.

>  	func();
>  	pr_err("FAIL: func returned\n");
>  }
> -- 
> 2.31.1
> 

-- 
Kees Cook

  reply	other threads:[~2021-10-13  7:16 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 114+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2021-10-11 15:25 [PATCH v1 00/10] Fix LKDTM for PPC64/IA64/PARISC Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25 ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25 ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25 ` [PATCH v1 01/10] powerpc: Move 'struct ppc64_opd_entry' back into asm/elf.h Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-12  7:10   ` Michael Ellerman
2021-10-12  7:10     ` Michael Ellerman
2021-10-12  7:10     ` Michael Ellerman
2021-10-12  8:02     ` Arnd Bergmann
2021-10-12  8:02       ` Arnd Bergmann
2021-10-12  8:02       ` Arnd Bergmann
2021-10-13  6:59   ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  6:59     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  6:59     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-11 15:25 ` [PATCH v1 02/10] powerpc: Rename 'funcaddr' to 'addr' in 'struct ppc64_opd_entry' Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  6:59   ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  6:59     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  6:59     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-11 15:25 ` [PATCH v1 03/10] ia64: Rename 'ip' to 'addr' in 'struct fdesc' Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  6:59   ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  6:59     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  6:59     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-11 15:25 ` [PATCH v1 04/10] asm-generic: Use HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR to define associated stubs Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-12  6:02   ` Helge Deller
2021-10-12  6:02     ` Helge Deller
2021-10-12  6:02     ` [PATCH v1 04/10] asm-generic: Use HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR to define associated stub Helge Deller
2021-10-12  6:11     ` [PATCH v1 04/10] asm-generic: Use HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR to define associated stubs Christophe Leroy
2021-10-12  6:11       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-12  6:11       ` [PATCH v1 04/10] asm-generic: Use HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR to define associated stub Christophe Leroy
2021-10-12  6:48       ` [PATCH v1 04/10] asm-generic: Use HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR to define associated stubs Helge Deller
2021-10-12  6:48         ` Helge Deller
2021-10-12  6:48         ` [PATCH v1 04/10] asm-generic: Use HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR to define associated stub Helge Deller
2021-10-13  7:00   ` [PATCH v1 04/10] asm-generic: Use HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR to define associated stubs Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:00     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:00     ` [PATCH v1 04/10] asm-generic: Use HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR to define associated stub Kees Cook
2021-10-14  7:20     ` [PATCH v1 04/10] asm-generic: Use HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR to define associated stubs Christophe Leroy
2021-10-14  7:20       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-14  7:20       ` [PATCH v1 04/10] asm-generic: Use HAVE_DEREFERENCE_FUNCTION_DESCRIPTOR to define associated stub Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25 ` [PATCH v1 05/10] asm-generic: Define 'funct_descr_t' to commonly describe function descriptors Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:01   ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:01     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:01     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:23     ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:23       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:23       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:27       ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:27         ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:27         ` Kees Cook
2021-10-11 15:25 ` [PATCH v1 06/10] asm-generic: Refactor dereference_[kernel]_function_descriptor() Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:02   ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:02     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:02     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13 11:20     ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13 11:20       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13 11:20       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13 11:34       ` Arnd Bergmann
2021-10-13 11:34         ` Arnd Bergmann
2021-10-13 11:34         ` Arnd Bergmann
2021-10-11 15:25 ` [PATCH v1 07/10] lkdtm: Force do_nothing() out of line Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:02   ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:02     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:02     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-11 15:25 ` [PATCH v1 08/10] lkdtm: Really write into kernel text in WRITE_KERN Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:05   ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:05     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:05     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:29     ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:29       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:29       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25 ` [PATCH v1 09/10] lkdtm: Fix lkdtm_EXEC_RODATA() Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:09   ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:09     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:09     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:35     ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:35       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:35       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:23   ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:23     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:23     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:39     ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:39       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:39       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:48       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:48         ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:48         ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13 12:45         ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13 12:45           ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13 12:45           ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25 ` [PATCH v1 10/10] lkdtm: Fix execute_[user]_location() Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-11 15:25   ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13  7:16   ` Kees Cook [this message]
2021-10-13  7:16     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13  7:16     ` Kees Cook
2021-10-13 12:00     ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13 12:00       ` Christophe Leroy
2021-10-13 12:00       ` Christophe Leroy

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