[PATCH v6.6 0/2] x86/irq: Plug vector setup race

[PATCH v6.6 0/2] x86/irq: Plug vector setup race

[Jinjie Ruan]

There is a vector setup race, which overwrites the interrupt
descriptor in the per CPU vector array resulting in a disfunctional device.

CPU0				CPU1
				interrupt is raised in APIC IRR
				but not handled
  free_irq()
    per_cpu(vector_irq, CPU1)[vector] = VECTOR_SHUTDOWN;

  request_irq()			common_interrupt()
  				  d = this_cpu_read(vector_irq[vector]);

    per_cpu(vector_irq, CPU1)[vector] = desc;

    				  if (d == VECTOR_SHUTDOWN)
				    this_cpu_write(vector_irq[vector], VECTOR_UNUSED);

free_irq() cannot observe the pending vector in the CPU1 APIC as there is
no way to query the remote CPUs APIC IRR.

This requires that request_irq() uses the same vector/CPU as the one which
was freed, but this also can be triggered by a spurious interrupt.

Interestingly enough this problem managed to be hidden for more than a
decade.

Prevent this by reevaluating vector_irq under the vector lock, which is
held by the interrupt activation code when vector_irq is updated.

Fixes: 9345005f4eed ("x86/irq: Fix do_IRQ() interrupt warning for cpu hotplug retriggered irqs")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org#6.6.x
Cc: gregkh@linuxfoundation.org

Jacob Pan (1):
  x86/irq: Factor out handler invocation from common_interrupt()

Thomas Gleixner (1):
  x86/irq: Plug vector setup race

 arch/x86/kernel/irq.c | 70 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

-- 
2.34.1

[PATCH v6.6 1/2] x86/irq: Factor out handler invocation from common_interrupt()

[Jinjie Ruan]

From: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>

Prepare for calling external interrupt handlers directly from the posted
MSI demultiplexing loop. Extract the common code from common_interrupt() to
avoid code duplication.

Signed-off-by: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240423174114.526704-8-jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Jinjie Ruan <ruanjinjie@huawei.com>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/irq.c | 23 ++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
index 6573678c4bf4..1f066268ec29 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
@@ -242,18 +242,10 @@ static __always_inline void handle_irq(struct irq_desc *desc,
 		__handle_irq(desc, regs);
 }
 
-/*
- * common_interrupt() handles all normal device IRQ's (the special SMP
- * cross-CPU interrupts have their own entry points).
- */
-DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(common_interrupt)
+static __always_inline void call_irq_handler(int vector, struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
-	struct pt_regs *old_regs = set_irq_regs(regs);
 	struct irq_desc *desc;
 
-	/* entry code tells RCU that we're not quiescent.  Check it. */
-	RCU_LOCKDEP_WARN(!rcu_is_watching(), "IRQ failed to wake up RCU");
-
 	desc = __this_cpu_read(vector_irq[vector]);
 	if (likely(!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(desc))) {
 		handle_irq(desc, regs);
@@ -268,7 +260,20 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(common_interrupt)
 			__this_cpu_write(vector_irq[vector], VECTOR_UNUSED);
 		}
 	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * common_interrupt() handles all normal device IRQ's (the special SMP
+ * cross-CPU interrupts have their own entry points).
+ */
+DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(common_interrupt)
+{
+	struct pt_regs *old_regs = set_irq_regs(regs);
+
+	/* entry code tells RCU that we're not quiescent.  Check it. */
+	RCU_LOCKDEP_WARN(!rcu_is_watching(), "IRQ failed to wake up RCU");
 
+	call_irq_handler(vector, regs);
 	set_irq_regs(old_regs);
 }
 
-- 
2.34.1

Re: [PATCH v6.6 1/2] x86/irq: Factor out handler invocation from common_interrupt()

[Greg KH]

On Thu, Aug 21, 2025 at 01:12:27PM +0000, Jinjie Ruan wrote:
> From: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
> 
> Prepare for calling external interrupt handlers directly from the posted
> MSI demultiplexing loop. Extract the common code from common_interrupt() to
> avoid code duplication.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240423174114.526704-8-jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com
> Signed-off-by: Jinjie Ruan <ruanjinjie@huawei.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/kernel/irq.c | 23 ++++++++++++++---------
>  1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
> 

<formletter>

This is not the correct way to submit patches for inclusion in the
stable kernel tree.  Please read:
    https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/stable-kernel-rules.html
for how to do this properly.

</formletter>

[PATCH v6.6 2/2] x86/irq: Plug vector setup race

[Jinjie Ruan]

From: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Hogan reported a vector setup race, which overwrites the interrupt
descriptor in the per CPU vector array resulting in a disfunctional device.

CPU0				CPU1
				interrupt is raised in APIC IRR
				but not handled
  free_irq()
    per_cpu(vector_irq, CPU1)[vector] = VECTOR_SHUTDOWN;

  request_irq()			common_interrupt()
  				  d = this_cpu_read(vector_irq[vector]);

    per_cpu(vector_irq, CPU1)[vector] = desc;

    				  if (d == VECTOR_SHUTDOWN)
				    this_cpu_write(vector_irq[vector], VECTOR_UNUSED);

free_irq() cannot observe the pending vector in the CPU1 APIC as there is
no way to query the remote CPUs APIC IRR.

This requires that request_irq() uses the same vector/CPU as the one which
was freed, but this also can be triggered by a spurious interrupt.

Interestingly enough this problem managed to be hidden for more than a
decade.

Prevent this by reevaluating vector_irq under the vector lock, which is
held by the interrupt activation code when vector_irq is updated.

To avoid ifdeffery or IS_ENABLED() nonsense, move the
[un]lock_vector_lock() declarations out under the
CONFIG_IRQ_DOMAIN_HIERARCHY guard as it's only provided when
CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC=y.

The current CONFIG_IRQ_DOMAIN_HIERARCHY guard is selected by
CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC, but can also be selected by other parts of the
Kconfig system, which makes 32-bit UP builds with CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC=n
fail.

Can we just get rid of this !APIC nonsense once and forever?

Fixes: 9345005f4eed ("x86/irq: Fix do_IRQ() interrupt warning for cpu hotplug retriggered irqs")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org#6.6.x
Cc: gregkh@linuxfoundation.org
Reported-by: Hogan Wang <hogan.wang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tested-by: Hogan Wang <hogan.wang@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/draft-87ikjhrhhh.ffs@tglx
[ Conflicts in arch/x86/kernel/irq.c because call_irq_handler() has been
  refactored to do apic_eoi() according to the return value.
  Conflincts in arch/x86/include/asm/hw_irq.h because (un)lock_vector_lock()
  are already controlled by CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC. ]
Signed-off-by: Jinjie Ruan <ruanjinjie@huawei.com>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/irq.c | 65 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 51 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
index 1f066268ec29..29d0fc94232e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
@@ -242,24 +242,59 @@ static __always_inline void handle_irq(struct irq_desc *desc,
 		__handle_irq(desc, regs);
 }
 
-static __always_inline void call_irq_handler(int vector, struct pt_regs *regs)
+static struct irq_desc *reevaluate_vector(int vector)
 {
-	struct irq_desc *desc;
+	struct irq_desc *desc = __this_cpu_read(vector_irq[vector]);
+
+	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(desc))
+		return desc;
+
+	if (desc == VECTOR_UNUSED)
+		pr_emerg_ratelimited("No irq handler for %d.%u\n", smp_processor_id(), vector);
+	else
+		__this_cpu_write(vector_irq[vector], VECTOR_UNUSED);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static __always_inline bool call_irq_handler(int vector, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	struct irq_desc *desc = __this_cpu_read(vector_irq[vector]);
 
-	desc = __this_cpu_read(vector_irq[vector]);
 	if (likely(!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(desc))) {
 		handle_irq(desc, regs);
-	} else {
-		apic_eoi();
-
-		if (desc == VECTOR_UNUSED) {
-			pr_emerg_ratelimited("%s: %d.%u No irq handler for vector\n",
-					     __func__, smp_processor_id(),
-					     vector);
-		} else {
-			__this_cpu_write(vector_irq[vector], VECTOR_UNUSED);
-		}
+		return true;
 	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Reevaluate with vector_lock held to prevent a race against
+	 * request_irq() setting up the vector:
+	 *
+	 * CPU0				CPU1
+	 *				interrupt is raised in APIC IRR
+	 *				but not handled
+	 * free_irq()
+	 *   per_cpu(vector_irq, CPU1)[vector] = VECTOR_SHUTDOWN;
+	 *
+	 * request_irq()		common_interrupt()
+	 *				  d = this_cpu_read(vector_irq[vector]);
+	 *
+	 * per_cpu(vector_irq, CPU1)[vector] = desc;
+	 *
+	 *				  if (d == VECTOR_SHUTDOWN)
+	 *				    this_cpu_write(vector_irq[vector], VECTOR_UNUSED);
+	 *
+	 * This requires that the same vector on the same target CPU is
+	 * handed out or that a spurious interrupt hits that CPU/vector.
+	 */
+	lock_vector_lock();
+	desc = reevaluate_vector(vector);
+	unlock_vector_lock();
+
+	if (!desc)
+		return false;
+
+	handle_irq(desc, regs);
+	return true;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -273,7 +308,9 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(common_interrupt)
 	/* entry code tells RCU that we're not quiescent.  Check it. */
 	RCU_LOCKDEP_WARN(!rcu_is_watching(), "IRQ failed to wake up RCU");
 
-	call_irq_handler(vector, regs);
+	if (unlikely(!call_irq_handler(vector, regs)))
+		apic_eoi();
+
 	set_irq_regs(old_regs);
 }
 
-- 
2.34.1

Re: [PATCH v6.6 2/2] x86/irq: Plug vector setup race

[kernel test robot]

Hi,

Thanks for your patch.

FYI: kernel test robot notices the stable kernel rule is not satisfied.

The check is based on https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/stable-kernel-rules.html#option-3

Rule: The upstream commit ID must be specified with a separate line above the commit text.
Subject: [PATCH v6.6 2/2] x86/irq: Plug vector setup race
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/stable/20250821131228.1094633-3-ruanjinjie%40huawei.com

Please ignore this mail if the patch is not relevant for upstream.

-- 
0-DAY CI Kernel Test Service
https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests/wiki

Re: [PATCH v6.6 2/2] x86/irq: Plug vector setup race

[Greg KH]

On Thu, Aug 21, 2025 at 01:12:28PM +0000, Jinjie Ruan wrote:
> From: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> 
> Hogan reported a vector setup race, which overwrites the interrupt
> descriptor in the per CPU vector array resulting in a disfunctional device.
> 
> CPU0				CPU1
> 				interrupt is raised in APIC IRR
> 				but not handled
>   free_irq()
>     per_cpu(vector_irq, CPU1)[vector] = VECTOR_SHUTDOWN;
> 
>   request_irq()			common_interrupt()
>   				  d = this_cpu_read(vector_irq[vector]);
> 
>     per_cpu(vector_irq, CPU1)[vector] = desc;
> 
>     				  if (d == VECTOR_SHUTDOWN)
> 				    this_cpu_write(vector_irq[vector], VECTOR_UNUSED);
> 
> free_irq() cannot observe the pending vector in the CPU1 APIC as there is
> no way to query the remote CPUs APIC IRR.
> 
> This requires that request_irq() uses the same vector/CPU as the one which
> was freed, but this also can be triggered by a spurious interrupt.
> 
> Interestingly enough this problem managed to be hidden for more than a
> decade.
> 
> Prevent this by reevaluating vector_irq under the vector lock, which is
> held by the interrupt activation code when vector_irq is updated.
> 
> To avoid ifdeffery or IS_ENABLED() nonsense, move the
> [un]lock_vector_lock() declarations out under the
> CONFIG_IRQ_DOMAIN_HIERARCHY guard as it's only provided when
> CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC=y.
> 
> The current CONFIG_IRQ_DOMAIN_HIERARCHY guard is selected by
> CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC, but can also be selected by other parts of the
> Kconfig system, which makes 32-bit UP builds with CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC=n
> fail.
> 
> Can we just get rid of this !APIC nonsense once and forever?
> 
> Fixes: 9345005f4eed ("x86/irq: Fix do_IRQ() interrupt warning for cpu hotplug retriggered irqs")
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org#6.6.x
> Cc: gregkh@linuxfoundation.org
> Reported-by: Hogan Wang <hogan.wang@huawei.com>
> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> Tested-by: Hogan Wang <hogan.wang@huawei.com>
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/draft-87ikjhrhhh.ffs@tglx
> [ Conflicts in arch/x86/kernel/irq.c because call_irq_handler() has been
>   refactored to do apic_eoi() according to the return value.
>   Conflincts in arch/x86/include/asm/hw_irq.h because (un)lock_vector_lock()
>   are already controlled by CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC. ]
> Signed-off-by: Jinjie Ruan <ruanjinjie@huawei.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/kernel/irq.c | 65 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
>  1 file changed, 51 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
> 

<formletter>

This is not the correct way to submit patches for inclusion in the
stable kernel tree.  Please read:
    https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/stable-kernel-rules.html
for how to do this properly.

</formletter>