[PATCH v6 0/4] LoongArch: Add 128-bit atomic cmpxchg support (v5)

[PATCH v6 0/4] LoongArch: Add 128-bit atomic cmpxchg support (v5)

[George Guo]

This patch series adds 128-bit atomic compare-and-exchange support for
LoongArch architecture, which fixes BPF scheduler test failures caused
by missing 128-bit atomics support.

The series consists of four patches:

1. "LoongArch: Add SCQ support detection"
    - Check CPUCFG2_SCQ bit to determin if the CPU supports
    SCQ instrction.

2. "LoongArch: Add 128-bit atomic cmpxchg support"
   - Implements 128-bit atomic compare-and-exchange using LoongArch's
     LL.D/SC.Q instructions
   - Fixes BPF scheduler test failures (scx_central scx_qmap) where
     kmalloc_nolock_noprof returns NULL due to missing 128-bit atomics,
     leading to -ENOMEM errors during scheduler initialization

3. "LoongArch: Use spinlock to emulate 128-bit cmpxchg"
   - For LoongArch CPUs lacking 128-bit atomic instruction(e.g.,
     the SCQ instruction on 3A5000), provide a fallback implementation
     of __cmpxchg128 using a spinlock to emulate the atomic operation.

4. "LoongArch: Enable 128-bit atomics cmpxchg support"
   - Adds select HAVE_CMPXCHG_DOUBLE and select HAVE_ALIGNED_STRUCT_PAGE
     in Kconfig to enable 128-bit atomic cmpxchg support

The issue was identified through BPF scheduler test failures where
scx_central and scx_qmap schedulers would fail to initialize. Testing
was performed using the scx_qmap scheduler from tools/sched_ext/,
confirming that the patches resolve the initialization failures.

Signed-off-by: George Guo <dongtai.guo@linux.dev>
---
Changes in v6:
- Put SCQ information in hwcap
- Link to v5: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251212-2-v5-0-704b3af55f7d@linux.dev

Changes in v5:
- Reordered the patches
- Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251205-2-v4-0-e5ab932cf219@linux.dev

Changes in v4:
- Add SCQ support detection
- Add spinlock to emulate 128-bit cmpxchg
- Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251126-2-v3-0-851b5a516801@linux.dev

Changes in v3:
- dbar 0 -> __WEAK_LLSC_MB
- =ZB" (__ptr[0]) -> "r" (__ptr)
- Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251124-2-v2-0-b38216e25fd9@linux.dev

Changes in v2:
- Use a normal ld.d for the high word instead of ll.d to avoid race
  condition
- Insert a dbar between ll.d and ld.d to prevent reordering
- Simply __cmpxchg128_asm("ll.d", "sc.q", ptr, o, n) to __cmpxchg128_asm(ptr, o, n)
- Fix address operand constraints after testing different approaches:
  * ld.d with "m"
  * ll.d with "ZC",
  * sc.q with "ZB"(alternative constraints caused issues:
   - "r"  caused system hang
   - "ZC" caused compiler error:
     {standard input}: Assembler messages:
     {standard input}:10037: Fatal error: Immediate overflow.
     format: u0:0 )
- Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251120-2-v1-0-705bdc440550@linux.dev

---
George Guo (4):
      LoongArch: Add SCQ support detection
      LoongArch: Add 128-bit atomic cmpxchg support
      LoongArch: Use spinlock to emulate 128-bit cmpxchg
      LoongArch: Enable 128-bit atomics cmpxchg support

 arch/loongarch/Kconfig                    |  2 +
 arch/loongarch/include/asm/cmpxchg.h      | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu-features.h |  1 +
 arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu.h          |  2 +
 arch/loongarch/include/asm/loongarch.h    |  1 +
 arch/loongarch/kernel/cpu-probe.c         |  2 +
 arch/loongarch/kernel/proc.c              |  1 +
 7 files changed, 75 insertions(+)
---
base-commit: 612df905d7404450696e979c806ba4cdef8684f4
change-id: 20251120-2-d03862b2cf6d

Best regards,
-- 
George Guo <dongtai.guo@linux.dev>

[PATCH v6 1/4] LoongArch: Add SCQ support detection

[George Guo]

From: George Guo <guodongtai@kylinos.cn>

Check CPUCFG2_SCQ bit to determin if the CPU supports
SCQ instrction.

Co-developed-by: Yangyang Lian <lianyangyang@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: Yangyang Lian <lianyangyang@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: George Guo <guodongtai@kylinos.cn>
---
 arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu-features.h | 1 +
 arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu.h          | 2 ++
 arch/loongarch/include/asm/loongarch.h    | 1 +
 arch/loongarch/kernel/cpu-probe.c         | 2 ++
 arch/loongarch/kernel/proc.c              | 1 +
 5 files changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu-features.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu-features.h
index bd5f0457ad21d89ab902fb1971cc8b41b1d340ad..860cb58a92ba0c0316a8009d97441043374e7f10 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu-features.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu-features.h
@@ -70,5 +70,6 @@
 #define cpu_has_msgint		cpu_opt(LOONGARCH_CPU_MSGINT)
 #define cpu_has_avecint		cpu_opt(LOONGARCH_CPU_AVECINT)
 #define cpu_has_redirectint	cpu_opt(LOONGARCH_CPU_REDIRECTINT)
+#define cpu_has_scq		cpu_opt(LOONGARCH_CPU_SCQ)
 
 #endif /* __ASM_CPU_FEATURES_H */
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu.h
index f3efb00b61414a9b111ade9fe9beb410b927d937..5531039027ec763f21c7a6a88685ec81fa61d3cc 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cpu.h
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ static inline char *id_to_core_name(unsigned int id)
 #define CPU_FEATURE_MSGINT		29	/* CPU has MSG interrupt */
 #define CPU_FEATURE_AVECINT		30	/* CPU has AVEC interrupt */
 #define CPU_FEATURE_REDIRECTINT		31	/* CPU has interrupt remapping */
+#define CPU_FEATURE_SCQ			32	/* CPU has SC.Q instruction */
 
 #define LOONGARCH_CPU_CPUCFG		BIT_ULL(CPU_FEATURE_CPUCFG)
 #define LOONGARCH_CPU_LAM		BIT_ULL(CPU_FEATURE_LAM)
@@ -158,5 +159,6 @@ static inline char *id_to_core_name(unsigned int id)
 #define LOONGARCH_CPU_MSGINT		BIT_ULL(CPU_FEATURE_MSGINT)
 #define LOONGARCH_CPU_AVECINT		BIT_ULL(CPU_FEATURE_AVECINT)
 #define LOONGARCH_CPU_REDIRECTINT	BIT_ULL(CPU_FEATURE_REDIRECTINT)
+#define LOONGARCH_CPU_SCQ		BIT_ULL(CPU_FEATURE_SCQ)
 
 #endif /* _ASM_CPU_H */
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/loongarch.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/loongarch.h
index 3de03cb864b248cd0fb5de9ec5a86b1436ccbdef..be04b3e6f5b0cd6c5d561efcfd99502bc24e5eee 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/loongarch.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/loongarch.h
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
 #define  CPUCFG2_LSPW			BIT(21)
 #define  CPUCFG2_LAM			BIT(22)
 #define  CPUCFG2_PTW			BIT(24)
+#define  CPUCFG2_SCQ			BIT(30)
 
 #define LOONGARCH_CPUCFG3		0x3
 #define  CPUCFG3_CCDMA			BIT(0)
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/cpu-probe.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/cpu-probe.c
index a2060a24b39fd78fa255816fa5518e0ee99b8a8e..5c5ead3eb0895c1a20abba1e19f02226a2657b1f 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/cpu-probe.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/cpu-probe.c
@@ -201,6 +201,8 @@ static void cpu_probe_common(struct cpuinfo_loongarch *c)
 		c->options |= LOONGARCH_CPU_PTW;
 		elf_hwcap |= HWCAP_LOONGARCH_PTW;
 	}
+	if (config & CPUCFG2_SCQ)
+		c->options |= LOONGARCH_CPU_SCQ;
 	if (config & CPUCFG2_LSPW) {
 		c->options |= LOONGARCH_CPU_LSPW;
 		elf_hwcap |= HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LSPW;
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/proc.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/proc.c
index 63d2b7e7e844b0647a3e0d988ec2adb6c77b9b14..f1ad1773425eba5becfd31bc730eed0f2d19589d 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/proc.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/proc.c
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ static int show_cpuinfo(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 	if (cpu_has_lbt_x86)	seq_printf(m, " lbt_x86");
 	if (cpu_has_lbt_arm)	seq_printf(m, " lbt_arm");
 	if (cpu_has_lbt_mips)	seq_printf(m, " lbt_mips");
+	if (cpu_has_scq)        seq_printf(m, " scq");
 	seq_printf(m, "\n");
 
 	seq_printf(m, "Hardware Watchpoint\t: %s", str_yes_no(cpu_has_watch));

-- 
2.49.0

[PATCH v6 2/4] LoongArch: Add 128-bit atomic cmpxchg support

[George Guo]

From: George Guo <guodongtai@kylinos.cn>

Implement 128-bit atomic compare-and-exchange using LoongArch's
LL.D/SC.Q instructions.

At the same time, fix BPF scheduler test failures (scx_central scx_qmap)
caused by kmalloc_nolock_noprof returning NULL due to missing
128-bit atomics. The NULL returns led to -ENOMEM errors during
scheduler initialization, causing test cases to fail.

Verified by testing with the scx_qmap scheduler (located in
tools/sched_ext/). Building with `make` and running
./tools/sched_ext/build/bin/scx_qmap.

Signed-off-by: George Guo <guodongtai@kylinos.cn>
---
 arch/loongarch/include/asm/cmpxchg.h | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cmpxchg.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
index 979fde61bba8a42cb4f019f13ded2a3119d4aaf4..f7a0a9a032c513196ef186a5493b500787e0e9b6 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
@@ -111,6 +111,44 @@ __arch_xchg(volatile void *ptr, unsigned long x, int size)
 	__ret;								\
 })
 
+union __u128_halves {
+	u128 full;
+	struct {
+		u64 low;
+		u64 high;
+	};
+};
+
+#define __cmpxchg128_asm(ptr, old, new)					\
+({									\
+	union __u128_halves __old, __new, __ret;			\
+	volatile u64 *__ptr = (volatile u64 *)(ptr);			\
+									\
+	__old.full = (old);                                             \
+	__new.full = (new);						\
+									\
+	__asm__ __volatile__(						\
+	"1:   ll.d    %0, %3		# 128-bit cmpxchg low	\n"	\
+	__WEAK_LLSC_MB							\
+	"     ld.d    %1, %4		# 128-bit cmpxchg high	\n"	\
+	"     bne     %0, %z5, 2f				\n"	\
+	"     bne     %1, %z6, 2f				\n"	\
+	"     move    $t0, %z7					\n"	\
+	"     move    $t1, %z8					\n"	\
+	"     sc.q    $t0, $t1, %2				\n"	\
+	"     beqz    $t0, 1b					\n"	\
+	"2:							\n"	\
+	__WEAK_LLSC_MB							\
+	: "=&r" (__ret.low), "=&r" (__ret.high)				\
+	: "r" (__ptr),							\
+	  "ZC" (__ptr[0]), "m" (__ptr[1]),				\
+	  "Jr" (__old.low), "Jr" (__old.high),				\
+	  "Jr" (__new.low), "Jr" (__new.high)				\
+	: "t0", "t1", "memory");					\
+									\
+	__ret.full;							\
+})
+
 static inline unsigned int __cmpxchg_small(volatile void *ptr, unsigned int old,
 					   unsigned int new, unsigned int size)
 {
@@ -198,6 +236,15 @@ __cmpxchg(volatile void *ptr, unsigned long old, unsigned long new, unsigned int
 	__res;								\
 })
 
+/* cmpxchg128 */
+#define system_has_cmpxchg128()		1
+
+#define arch_cmpxchg128(ptr, o, n)					\
+({									\
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(*(ptr)) != 16);				\
+	__cmpxchg128_asm(ptr, o, n);					\
+})
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
 #define arch_cmpxchg64_local(ptr, o, n)					\
   ({									\

-- 
2.49.0

[PATCH v6 3/4] LoongArch: Use spinlock to emulate 128-bit cmpxchg

[George Guo]

From: George Guo <guodongtai@kylinos.cn>

For LoongArch CPUs lacking 128-bit atomic instruction(e.g.,
the SCQ instruction on 3A5000), provide a fallback implementation
of __cmpxchg128 using a spinlock to emulate the atomic operation.

Signed-off-by: George Guo <guodongtai@kylinos.cn>
---
 arch/loongarch/include/asm/cmpxchg.h | 21 ++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cmpxchg.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
index f7a0a9a032c513196ef186a5493b500787e0e9b6..814097bfc334184018747e47fb90fd2d2fb27ee2 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <linux/bits.h>
 #include <linux/build_bug.h>
 #include <asm/barrier.h>
+#include <asm/cpu-features.h>
 
 #define __xchg_asm(amswap_db, m, val)		\
 ({						\
@@ -149,6 +150,23 @@ union __u128_halves {
 	__ret.full;							\
 })
 
+#define __cmpxchg128_locked(ptr, old, new)				\
+({									\
+	u128 __ret;							\
+	static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(lock);					\
+	unsigned long flags;						\
+									\
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&lock, flags);				\
+									\
+	__ret = *(volatile u128 *)(ptr);				\
+	if (__ret == (old))						\
+		*(volatile u128 *)(ptr) = (new);			\
+									\
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&lock, flags);				\
+									\
+	__ret;								\
+})
+
 static inline unsigned int __cmpxchg_small(volatile void *ptr, unsigned int old,
 					   unsigned int new, unsigned int size)
 {
@@ -242,7 +260,8 @@ __cmpxchg(volatile void *ptr, unsigned long old, unsigned long new, unsigned int
 #define arch_cmpxchg128(ptr, o, n)					\
 ({									\
 	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(*(ptr)) != 16);				\
-	__cmpxchg128_asm(ptr, o, n);					\
+	cpu_has_scq ? __cmpxchg128_asm(ptr, o, n) :			\
+			__cmpxchg128_locked(ptr, o, n);			\
 })
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT

-- 
2.49.0

[PATCH v6 4/4] LoongArch: Enable 128-bit atomics cmpxchg support

[George Guo]

From: George Guo <guodongtai@kylinos.cn>

Add select HAVE_CMPXCHG_DOUBLE and select HAVE_ALIGNED_STRUCT_PAGE in Kconfig
to enable 128-bit atomic cmpxchg support on LoongArch.

Signed-off-by: George Guo <guodongtai@kylinos.cn>
---
 arch/loongarch/Kconfig | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/loongarch/Kconfig b/arch/loongarch/Kconfig
index 5b1116733d881bc2b1b43fb93f20367add4dbc54..6fb2c253969f9ddece5478920423d7326c3ec046 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/loongarch/Kconfig
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ config LOONGARCH
 	select GENERIC_TIME_VSYSCALL
 	select GPIOLIB
 	select HAS_IOPORT
+	select HAVE_ALIGNED_STRUCT_PAGE
 	select HAVE_ARCH_AUDITSYSCALL
 	select HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL
 	select HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL_RELATIVE
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ config LOONGARCH
 	select HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS
 	select HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
 	select HAVE_EBPF_JIT
+	select HAVE_CMPXCHG_DOUBLE
 	select HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS if !ARCH_STRICT_ALIGN
 	select HAVE_EXIT_THREAD
 	select HAVE_GENERIC_TIF_BITS

-- 
2.49.0