[PATCH v2 0/2] Add traces and file attributes for fs-verity

[PATCH v2 0/2] Add traces and file attributes for fs-verity

[Andrey Albershteyn]

Hi all,

This two small patches grew from fs-verity XFS patchset. I think they're
self-contained improvements which could go without XFS implementation.

v2:
- Update kernel version in the docs to v7.0
- Move trace point before merkle tree block hash check
- Update commit message in patch 2
- Add VERITY to FS_COMMON_FL and FS_XFLAG_COMMON constants
- Fix block index argument in the tree block hash trace point

Andrey Albershteyn (2):
  fs: add FS_XFLAG_VERITY for fs-verity files
  fsverity: add tracepoints

 Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst |  16 +++
 MAINTAINERS                            |   1 +
 fs/file_attr.c                         |   4 +
 fs/verity/enable.c                     |   4 +
 fs/verity/fsverity_private.h           |   2 +
 fs/verity/init.c                       |   1 +
 fs/verity/verify.c                     |   9 ++
 include/linux/fileattr.h               |   6 +-
 include/trace/events/fsverity.h        | 143 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/uapi/linux/fs.h                |   1 +
 10 files changed, 184 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/trace/events/fsverity.h

-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH v2 1/2] fs: add FS_XFLAG_VERITY for fs-verity files

[Andrey Albershteyn]

fs-verity introduced inode flag for inodes with enabled fs-verity on
them. This patch adds FS_XFLAG_VERITY file attribute which can be
retrieved with FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR ioctl() and file_getattr() syscall.

This flag is read-only and can not be set with corresponding set ioctl()
and file_setattr(). The FS_IOC_SETFLAGS requires file to be opened for
writing which is not allowed for verity files. The FS_IOC_FSSETXATTR and
file_setattr() clears this flag from the user input.

As this is now common flag for both flag interfaces (flags/xflags) add
it to overlapping flags list to exclude it from overwrite.

Signed-off-by: Andrey Albershteyn <aalbersh@kernel.org>
---
 Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 fs/file_attr.c                         |  4 ++++
 include/linux/fileattr.h               |  6 +++---
 include/uapi/linux/fs.h                |  1 +
 4 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst
index 412cf11e3298..22b49b295d1f 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst
@@ -341,6 +341,22 @@ the file has fs-verity enabled.  This can perform better than
 FS_IOC_GETFLAGS and FS_IOC_MEASURE_VERITY because it doesn't require
 opening the file, and opening verity files can be expensive.
 
+FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR
+-----------------
+
+Since Linux v7.0, the FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR ioctl sets FS_XFLAG_VERITY (0x00020000)
+in the returned flags when the file has verity enabled. Note that this attribute
+cannot be set with FS_IOC_FSSETXATTR as enabling verity requires input
+parameters. See FS_IOC_ENABLE_VERITY.
+
+file_getattr
+------------
+
+Since Linux v7.0, the file_getattr() syscall sets FS_XFLAG_VERITY (0x00020000)
+in the returned flags when the file has verity enabled. Note that this attribute
+cannot be set with file_setattr() as enabling verity requires input parameters.
+See FS_IOC_ENABLE_VERITY.
+
 .. _accessing_verity_files:
 
 Accessing verity files
diff --git a/fs/file_attr.c b/fs/file_attr.c
index 13cdb31a3e94..f44c873af92b 100644
--- a/fs/file_attr.c
+++ b/fs/file_attr.c
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ void fileattr_fill_xflags(struct file_kattr *fa, u32 xflags)
 		fa->flags |= FS_DAX_FL;
 	if (fa->fsx_xflags & FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT)
 		fa->flags |= FS_PROJINHERIT_FL;
+	if (fa->fsx_xflags & FS_XFLAG_VERITY)
+		fa->flags |= FS_VERITY_FL;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fileattr_fill_xflags);
 
@@ -67,6 +69,8 @@ void fileattr_fill_flags(struct file_kattr *fa, u32 flags)
 		fa->fsx_xflags |= FS_XFLAG_DAX;
 	if (fa->flags & FS_PROJINHERIT_FL)
 		fa->fsx_xflags |= FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT;
+	if (fa->flags & FS_VERITY_FL)
+		fa->fsx_xflags |= FS_XFLAG_VERITY;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fileattr_fill_flags);
 
diff --git a/include/linux/fileattr.h b/include/linux/fileattr.h
index f89dcfad3f8f..3780904a63a6 100644
--- a/include/linux/fileattr.h
+++ b/include/linux/fileattr.h
@@ -7,16 +7,16 @@
 #define FS_COMMON_FL \
 	(FS_SYNC_FL | FS_IMMUTABLE_FL | FS_APPEND_FL | \
 	 FS_NODUMP_FL |	FS_NOATIME_FL | FS_DAX_FL | \
-	 FS_PROJINHERIT_FL)
+	 FS_PROJINHERIT_FL | FS_VERITY_FL)
 
 #define FS_XFLAG_COMMON \
 	(FS_XFLAG_SYNC | FS_XFLAG_IMMUTABLE | FS_XFLAG_APPEND | \
 	 FS_XFLAG_NODUMP | FS_XFLAG_NOATIME | FS_XFLAG_DAX | \
-	 FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT)
+	 FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT | FS_XFLAG_VERITY)
 
 /* Read-only inode flags */
 #define FS_XFLAG_RDONLY_MASK \
-	(FS_XFLAG_PREALLOC | FS_XFLAG_HASATTR)
+	(FS_XFLAG_PREALLOC | FS_XFLAG_HASATTR | FS_XFLAG_VERITY)
 
 /* Flags to indicate valid value of fsx_ fields */
 #define FS_XFLAG_VALUES_MASK \
diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/fs.h b/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
index 66ca526cf786..70b2b661f42c 100644
--- a/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
@@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ struct file_attr {
 #define FS_XFLAG_FILESTREAM	0x00004000	/* use filestream allocator */
 #define FS_XFLAG_DAX		0x00008000	/* use DAX for IO */
 #define FS_XFLAG_COWEXTSIZE	0x00010000	/* CoW extent size allocator hint */
+#define FS_XFLAG_VERITY		0x00020000	/* fs-verity enabled */
 #define FS_XFLAG_HASATTR	0x80000000	/* no DIFLAG for this	*/
 
 /* the read-only stuff doesn't really belong here, but any other place is
-- 
2.52.0

Re: [PATCH v2 1/2] fs: add FS_XFLAG_VERITY for fs-verity files

[Darrick J. Wong]

On Mon, Jan 19, 2026 at 05:56:42PM +0100, Andrey Albershteyn wrote:
> fs-verity introduced inode flag for inodes with enabled fs-verity on
> them. This patch adds FS_XFLAG_VERITY file attribute which can be
> retrieved with FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR ioctl() and file_getattr() syscall.
> 
> This flag is read-only and can not be set with corresponding set ioctl()
> and file_setattr(). The FS_IOC_SETFLAGS requires file to be opened for
> writing which is not allowed for verity files. The FS_IOC_FSSETXATTR and
> file_setattr() clears this flag from the user input.
> 
> As this is now common flag for both flag interfaces (flags/xflags) add
> it to overlapping flags list to exclude it from overwrite.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Andrey Albershteyn <aalbersh@kernel.org>

Technically this uapi change should be cc'd to linux-api, but adding
a flag definition is fairly minor so:

Reviewed-by: "Darrick J. Wong" <djwong@kernel.org>

--D

> ---
>  Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst | 16 ++++++++++++++++
>  fs/file_attr.c                         |  4 ++++
>  include/linux/fileattr.h               |  6 +++---
>  include/uapi/linux/fs.h                |  1 +
>  4 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst
> index 412cf11e3298..22b49b295d1f 100644
> --- a/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst
> @@ -341,6 +341,22 @@ the file has fs-verity enabled.  This can perform better than
>  FS_IOC_GETFLAGS and FS_IOC_MEASURE_VERITY because it doesn't require
>  opening the file, and opening verity files can be expensive.
>  
> +FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR
> +-----------------
> +
> +Since Linux v7.0, the FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR ioctl sets FS_XFLAG_VERITY (0x00020000)
> +in the returned flags when the file has verity enabled. Note that this attribute
> +cannot be set with FS_IOC_FSSETXATTR as enabling verity requires input
> +parameters. See FS_IOC_ENABLE_VERITY.
> +
> +file_getattr
> +------------
> +
> +Since Linux v7.0, the file_getattr() syscall sets FS_XFLAG_VERITY (0x00020000)
> +in the returned flags when the file has verity enabled. Note that this attribute
> +cannot be set with file_setattr() as enabling verity requires input parameters.
> +See FS_IOC_ENABLE_VERITY.
> +
>  .. _accessing_verity_files:
>  
>  Accessing verity files
> diff --git a/fs/file_attr.c b/fs/file_attr.c
> index 13cdb31a3e94..f44c873af92b 100644
> --- a/fs/file_attr.c
> +++ b/fs/file_attr.c
> @@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ void fileattr_fill_xflags(struct file_kattr *fa, u32 xflags)
>  		fa->flags |= FS_DAX_FL;
>  	if (fa->fsx_xflags & FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT)
>  		fa->flags |= FS_PROJINHERIT_FL;
> +	if (fa->fsx_xflags & FS_XFLAG_VERITY)
> +		fa->flags |= FS_VERITY_FL;
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(fileattr_fill_xflags);
>  
> @@ -67,6 +69,8 @@ void fileattr_fill_flags(struct file_kattr *fa, u32 flags)
>  		fa->fsx_xflags |= FS_XFLAG_DAX;
>  	if (fa->flags & FS_PROJINHERIT_FL)
>  		fa->fsx_xflags |= FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT;
> +	if (fa->flags & FS_VERITY_FL)
> +		fa->fsx_xflags |= FS_XFLAG_VERITY;
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(fileattr_fill_flags);
>  
> diff --git a/include/linux/fileattr.h b/include/linux/fileattr.h
> index f89dcfad3f8f..3780904a63a6 100644
> --- a/include/linux/fileattr.h
> +++ b/include/linux/fileattr.h
> @@ -7,16 +7,16 @@
>  #define FS_COMMON_FL \
>  	(FS_SYNC_FL | FS_IMMUTABLE_FL | FS_APPEND_FL | \
>  	 FS_NODUMP_FL |	FS_NOATIME_FL | FS_DAX_FL | \
> -	 FS_PROJINHERIT_FL)
> +	 FS_PROJINHERIT_FL | FS_VERITY_FL)
>  
>  #define FS_XFLAG_COMMON \
>  	(FS_XFLAG_SYNC | FS_XFLAG_IMMUTABLE | FS_XFLAG_APPEND | \
>  	 FS_XFLAG_NODUMP | FS_XFLAG_NOATIME | FS_XFLAG_DAX | \
> -	 FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT)
> +	 FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT | FS_XFLAG_VERITY)
>  
>  /* Read-only inode flags */
>  #define FS_XFLAG_RDONLY_MASK \
> -	(FS_XFLAG_PREALLOC | FS_XFLAG_HASATTR)
> +	(FS_XFLAG_PREALLOC | FS_XFLAG_HASATTR | FS_XFLAG_VERITY)
>  
>  /* Flags to indicate valid value of fsx_ fields */
>  #define FS_XFLAG_VALUES_MASK \
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/fs.h b/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
> index 66ca526cf786..70b2b661f42c 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
> @@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ struct file_attr {
>  #define FS_XFLAG_FILESTREAM	0x00004000	/* use filestream allocator */
>  #define FS_XFLAG_DAX		0x00008000	/* use DAX for IO */
>  #define FS_XFLAG_COWEXTSIZE	0x00010000	/* CoW extent size allocator hint */
> +#define FS_XFLAG_VERITY		0x00020000	/* fs-verity enabled */
>  #define FS_XFLAG_HASATTR	0x80000000	/* no DIFLAG for this	*/
>  
>  /* the read-only stuff doesn't really belong here, but any other place is
> -- 
> 2.52.0
> 
> 

Re: [PATCH v2 1/2] fs: add FS_XFLAG_VERITY for fs-verity files

[Eric Biggers]

On Mon, Jan 19, 2026 at 05:56:42PM +0100, Andrey Albershteyn wrote:
>  /* Read-only inode flags */
>  #define FS_XFLAG_RDONLY_MASK \
> -	(FS_XFLAG_PREALLOC | FS_XFLAG_HASATTR)
> +	(FS_XFLAG_PREALLOC | FS_XFLAG_HASATTR | FS_XFLAG_VERITY)

This is the first flag that's both a common flag and a read-only flag.

Looking at how FS_XFLAG_RDONLY_MASK gets used in
copy_fsxattr_from_user():

    fileattr_fill_xflags(fa, xfa.fsx_xflags);
    fa->fsx_xflags &= ~FS_XFLAG_RDONLY_MASK;

So it translates the xflags into fsflags, then clears the read-only
xflags *but not the read-only fsflags*.

If the user passed FS_XFLAG_VERITY, the result will be that
FS_XFLAG_VERITY will *not* be set in xflags, but FS_VERITY_FL will be
set in fsflags.

Is that working as intended?  It seems inconsistent.

- Eric

Re: [PATCH v2 1/2] fs: add FS_XFLAG_VERITY for fs-verity files

[Andrey Albershteyn]

On 2026-01-20 16:33:21, Eric Biggers wrote:
> On Mon, Jan 19, 2026 at 05:56:42PM +0100, Andrey Albershteyn wrote:
> >  /* Read-only inode flags */
> >  #define FS_XFLAG_RDONLY_MASK \
> > -	(FS_XFLAG_PREALLOC | FS_XFLAG_HASATTR)
> > +	(FS_XFLAG_PREALLOC | FS_XFLAG_HASATTR | FS_XFLAG_VERITY)
> 
> This is the first flag that's both a common flag and a read-only flag.
> 
> Looking at how FS_XFLAG_RDONLY_MASK gets used in
> copy_fsxattr_from_user():
> 
>     fileattr_fill_xflags(fa, xfa.fsx_xflags);
>     fa->fsx_xflags &= ~FS_XFLAG_RDONLY_MASK;
> 
> So it translates the xflags into fsflags, then clears the read-only
> xflags *but not the read-only fsflags*.
> 
> If the user passed FS_XFLAG_VERITY, the result will be that
> FS_XFLAG_VERITY will *not* be set in xflags, but FS_VERITY_FL will be
> set in fsflags.
> 
> Is that working as intended?  It seems inconsistent.

Yeah, this seems wrong, thanks! I will send a patch

-- 
- Andrey

[PATCH v2 2/2] fsverity: add tracepoints

[Andrey Albershteyn]

fs-verity previously had debug printk but it was removed. This patch
adds trace points to similar places, as a better alternative.

Signed-off-by: Andrey Albershteyn <aalbersh@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
[djwong: fix formatting]
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
---
 MAINTAINERS                     |   1 +
 fs/verity/enable.c              |   4 +
 fs/verity/fsverity_private.h    |   2 +
 fs/verity/init.c                |   1 +
 fs/verity/verify.c              |   9 ++
 include/trace/events/fsverity.h | 143 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 160 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/trace/events/fsverity.h

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 12f49de7fe03..17607340dfab 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -10311,6 +10311,7 @@ T:	git https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/fsverity/linux.git
 F:	Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst
 F:	fs/verity/
 F:	include/linux/fsverity.h
+F:	include/trace/events/fsverity.h
 F:	include/uapi/linux/fsverity.h
 
 FT260 FTDI USB-HID TO I2C BRIDGE DRIVER
diff --git a/fs/verity/enable.c b/fs/verity/enable.c
index 95ec42b84797..8718d943b428 100644
--- a/fs/verity/enable.c
+++ b/fs/verity/enable.c
@@ -222,6 +222,8 @@ static int enable_verity(struct file *filp,
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
+	trace_fsverity_enable(inode, &params);
+
 	/*
 	 * Start enabling verity on this file, serialized by the inode lock.
 	 * Fail if verity is already enabled or is already being enabled.
@@ -264,6 +266,8 @@ static int enable_verity(struct file *filp,
 		goto rollback;
 	}
 
+	trace_fsverity_tree_done(inode, vi, &params);
+
 	/*
 	 * Tell the filesystem to finish enabling verity on the file.
 	 * Serialized with ->begin_enable_verity() by the inode lock.
diff --git a/fs/verity/fsverity_private.h b/fs/verity/fsverity_private.h
index dd20b138d452..4b7ae1748f4e 100644
--- a/fs/verity/fsverity_private.h
+++ b/fs/verity/fsverity_private.h
@@ -161,4 +161,6 @@ static inline void fsverity_init_signature(void)
 
 void __init fsverity_init_workqueue(void);
 
+#include <trace/events/fsverity.h>
+
 #endif /* _FSVERITY_PRIVATE_H */
diff --git a/fs/verity/init.c b/fs/verity/init.c
index 6e8d33b50240..d65206608583 100644
--- a/fs/verity/init.c
+++ b/fs/verity/init.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  * Copyright 2019 Google LLC
  */
 
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
 #include "fsverity_private.h"
 
 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
diff --git a/fs/verity/verify.c b/fs/verity/verify.c
index 86067c8b40cf..940b8b956d7e 100644
--- a/fs/verity/verify.c
+++ b/fs/verity/verify.c
@@ -135,6 +135,9 @@ static bool verify_data_block(struct inode *inode, struct fsverity_info *vi,
 		/* Byte offset of the wanted hash relative to @addr */
 		unsigned int hoffset;
 	} hblocks[FS_VERITY_MAX_LEVELS];
+
+	trace_fsverity_verify_data_block(inode, params, data_pos);
+
 	/*
 	 * The index of the previous level's block within that level; also the
 	 * index of that block's hash within the current level.
@@ -214,6 +217,9 @@ static bool verify_data_block(struct inode *inode, struct fsverity_info *vi,
 			want_hash = _want_hash;
 			kunmap_local(haddr);
 			put_page(hpage);
+			trace_fsverity_merkle_hit(inode, data_pos, hblock_idx,
+					level,
+					hoffset >> params->log_digestsize);
 			goto descend;
 		}
 		hblocks[level].page = hpage;
@@ -232,6 +238,9 @@ static bool verify_data_block(struct inode *inode, struct fsverity_info *vi,
 		unsigned long hblock_idx = hblocks[level - 1].index;
 		unsigned int hoffset = hblocks[level - 1].hoffset;
 
+		trace_fsverity_verify_merkle_block(inode, hblock_idx,
+				level, hoffset >> params->log_digestsize);
+
 		fsverity_hash_block(params, haddr, real_hash);
 		if (memcmp(want_hash, real_hash, hsize) != 0)
 			goto corrupted;
diff --git a/include/trace/events/fsverity.h b/include/trace/events/fsverity.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1825f87a00d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/trace/events/fsverity.h
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#undef TRACE_SYSTEM
+#define TRACE_SYSTEM fsverity
+
+#if !defined(_TRACE_FSVERITY_H) || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ)
+#define _TRACE_FSVERITY_H
+
+#include <linux/tracepoint.h>
+
+struct fsverity_descriptor;
+struct merkle_tree_params;
+struct fsverity_info;
+
+TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_enable,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode,
+		 const struct merkle_tree_params *params),
+	TP_ARGS(inode, params),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(ino_t, ino)
+		__field(u64, data_size)
+		__field(unsigned int, block_size)
+		__field(unsigned int, num_levels)
+		__field(u64, tree_size)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+		__entry->data_size = i_size_read(inode);
+		__entry->block_size = params->block_size;
+		__entry->num_levels = params->num_levels;
+		__entry->tree_size = params->tree_size;
+	),
+	TP_printk("ino %lu data size %llu tree size %llu block size %u levels %u",
+		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
+		__entry->data_size,
+		__entry->tree_size,
+		__entry->block_size,
+		__entry->num_levels)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_tree_done,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode, const struct fsverity_info *vi,
+		 const struct merkle_tree_params *params),
+	TP_ARGS(inode, vi, params),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(ino_t, ino)
+		__field(unsigned int, levels)
+		__field(unsigned int, block_size)
+		__field(u64, tree_size)
+		__dynamic_array(u8, root_hash, params->digest_size)
+		__dynamic_array(u8, file_digest, params->digest_size)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+		__entry->levels = params->num_levels;
+		__entry->block_size = params->block_size;
+		__entry->tree_size = params->tree_size;
+		memcpy(__get_dynamic_array(root_hash), vi->root_hash, __get_dynamic_array_len(root_hash));
+		memcpy(__get_dynamic_array(file_digest), vi->file_digest, __get_dynamic_array_len(file_digest));
+	),
+	TP_printk("ino %lu levels %d block_size %d tree_size %lld root_hash %s digest %s",
+		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
+		__entry->levels,
+		__entry->block_size,
+		__entry->tree_size,
+		__print_hex_str(__get_dynamic_array(root_hash), __get_dynamic_array_len(root_hash)),
+		__print_hex_str(__get_dynamic_array(file_digest), __get_dynamic_array_len(file_digest)))
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_verify_data_block,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode,
+		 const struct merkle_tree_params *params,
+		 u64 data_pos),
+	TP_ARGS(inode, params, data_pos),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(ino_t, ino)
+		__field(u64, data_pos)
+		__field(unsigned int, block_size)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+		__entry->data_pos = data_pos;
+		__entry->block_size = params->block_size;
+	),
+	TP_printk("ino %lu pos %lld merkle_blocksize %u",
+		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
+		__entry->data_pos,
+		__entry->block_size)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_merkle_hit,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode, u64 data_pos,
+		 unsigned long hblock_idx, unsigned int level,
+		 unsigned int hidx),
+	TP_ARGS(inode, data_pos, hblock_idx, level, hidx),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(ino_t, ino)
+		__field(u64, data_pos)
+		__field(unsigned long, hblock_idx)
+		__field(unsigned int, level)
+		__field(unsigned int, hidx)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+		__entry->data_pos = data_pos;
+		__entry->hblock_idx = hblock_idx;
+		__entry->level = level;
+		__entry->hidx = hidx;
+	),
+	TP_printk("ino %lu data_pos %llu hblock_idx %lu level %u hidx %u",
+		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
+		__entry->data_pos,
+		__entry->hblock_idx,
+		__entry->level,
+		__entry->hidx)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_verify_merkle_block,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode, unsigned long index,
+		 unsigned int level, unsigned int hidx),
+	TP_ARGS(inode, index, level, hidx),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(ino_t, ino)
+		__field(unsigned long, index)
+		__field(unsigned int, level)
+		__field(unsigned int, hidx)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+		__entry->index = index;
+		__entry->level = level;
+		__entry->hidx = hidx;
+	),
+	TP_printk("ino %lu hblock_idx %lu level %u hidx %u",
+		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
+		__entry->index,
+		__entry->level,
+		__entry->hidx)
+);
+
+#endif /* _TRACE_FSVERITY_H */
+
+/* This part must be outside protection */
+#include <trace/define_trace.h>
-- 
2.52.0

Re: [PATCH v2 2/2] fsverity: add tracepoints

[Eric Biggers]

On Mon, Jan 19, 2026 at 05:56:43PM +0100, Andrey Albershteyn wrote:
[...]
> +	TP_printk("ino %lu data size %llu tree size %llu block size %u levels %u",
[...]
> +	TP_printk("ino %lu levels %d block_size %d tree_size %lld root_hash %s digest %s",

Would be nice to make these consistent.  3 of the parameters are the
same, but the naming and order differs slightly.

[...]
> +	TP_printk("ino %lu pos %lld merkle_blocksize %u",
> +		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
> +		__entry->data_pos,
> +		__entry->block_size)

Likewise here.  So now we have "block size", "block_size", and
"merkle_blocksize", all for the same thing.

> +	TP_printk("ino %lu data_pos %llu hblock_idx %lu level %u hidx %u",
> +		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,

And here's data_pos as a %llu, whereas in the previous tracepoint it's
just pos as an %lld.

> +TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_verify_merkle_block,
> +	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode, unsigned long index,
> +		 unsigned int level, unsigned int hidx),

And the 'index' here is what the previous one calls 'hblock_idx'.

I think consistent naming would be helpful for people trying to use
these tracepoints.

- Eric

Re: [PATCH v2 2/2] fsverity: add tracepoints

[Eric Biggers]

[+Cc fsverity@lists.linux.dev]

On Tue, Jan 20, 2026 at 04:39:17PM -0800, Eric Biggers wrote:
> On Mon, Jan 19, 2026 at 05:56:43PM +0100, Andrey Albershteyn wrote:
> [...]
> > +	TP_printk("ino %lu data size %llu tree size %llu block size %u levels %u",
> [...]
> > +	TP_printk("ino %lu levels %d block_size %d tree_size %lld root_hash %s digest %s",
> 
> Would be nice to make these consistent.  3 of the parameters are the
> same, but the naming and order differs slightly.
> 
> [...]
> > +	TP_printk("ino %lu pos %lld merkle_blocksize %u",
> > +		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
> > +		__entry->data_pos,
> > +		__entry->block_size)
> 
> Likewise here.  So now we have "block size", "block_size", and
> "merkle_blocksize", all for the same thing.
> 
> > +	TP_printk("ino %lu data_pos %llu hblock_idx %lu level %u hidx %u",
> > +		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
> 
> And here's data_pos as a %llu, whereas in the previous tracepoint it's
> just pos as an %lld.
> 
> > +TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_verify_merkle_block,
> > +	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode, unsigned long index,
> > +		 unsigned int level, unsigned int hidx),
> 
> And the 'index' here is what the previous one calls 'hblock_idx'.
> 
> I think consistent naming would be helpful for people trying to use
> these tracepoints.

Andrey, let me know if you're planning to send a new version with the
naming cleaned up, or if I should do it in a follow-up patch instead.

Christian, can you let me know if it's okay if I take this series
through the fsverity tree, or do you want it to go through the VFS tree?

Thanks,

- Eric

Re: [PATCH v2 2/2] fsverity: add tracepoints

[Andrey Albershteyn]

On 2026-01-24 10:49:54, Eric Biggers wrote:
> [+Cc fsverity@lists.linux.dev]

ops, wrong autocomplete, thanks!

> 
> On Tue, Jan 20, 2026 at 04:39:17PM -0800, Eric Biggers wrote:
> > On Mon, Jan 19, 2026 at 05:56:43PM +0100, Andrey Albershteyn wrote:
> > [...]
> > > +	TP_printk("ino %lu data size %llu tree size %llu block size %u levels %u",
> > [...]
> > > +	TP_printk("ino %lu levels %d block_size %d tree_size %lld root_hash %s digest %s",
> > 
> > Would be nice to make these consistent.  3 of the parameters are the
> > same, but the naming and order differs slightly.
> > 
> > [...]
> > > +	TP_printk("ino %lu pos %lld merkle_blocksize %u",
> > > +		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
> > > +		__entry->data_pos,
> > > +		__entry->block_size)
> > 
> > Likewise here.  So now we have "block size", "block_size", and
> > "merkle_blocksize", all for the same thing.
> > 
> > > +	TP_printk("ino %lu data_pos %llu hblock_idx %lu level %u hidx %u",
> > > +		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
> > 
> > And here's data_pos as a %llu, whereas in the previous tracepoint it's
> > just pos as an %lld.
> > 
> > > +TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_verify_merkle_block,
> > > +	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode, unsigned long index,
> > > +		 unsigned int level, unsigned int hidx),
> > 
> > And the 'index' here is what the previous one calls 'hblock_idx'.
> > 
> > I think consistent naming would be helpful for people trying to use
> > these tracepoints.
> 
> Andrey, let me know if you're planning to send a new version with the
> naming cleaned up, or if I should do it in a follow-up patch instead.

I will send v2 with renames

-- 
- Andrey

Re: [PATCH v2 2/2] fsverity: add tracepoints

[Christian Brauner]

On Sat, Jan 24, 2026 at 10:49:54AM -0800, Eric Biggers wrote:
> [+Cc fsverity@lists.linux.dev]
> 
> On Tue, Jan 20, 2026 at 04:39:17PM -0800, Eric Biggers wrote:
> > On Mon, Jan 19, 2026 at 05:56:43PM +0100, Andrey Albershteyn wrote:
> > [...]
> > > +	TP_printk("ino %lu data size %llu tree size %llu block size %u levels %u",
> > [...]
> > > +	TP_printk("ino %lu levels %d block_size %d tree_size %lld root_hash %s digest %s",
> > 
> > Would be nice to make these consistent.  3 of the parameters are the
> > same, but the naming and order differs slightly.
> > 
> > [...]
> > > +	TP_printk("ino %lu pos %lld merkle_blocksize %u",
> > > +		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
> > > +		__entry->data_pos,
> > > +		__entry->block_size)
> > 
> > Likewise here.  So now we have "block size", "block_size", and
> > "merkle_blocksize", all for the same thing.
> > 
> > > +	TP_printk("ino %lu data_pos %llu hblock_idx %lu level %u hidx %u",
> > > +		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
> > 
> > And here's data_pos as a %llu, whereas in the previous tracepoint it's
> > just pos as an %lld.
> > 
> > > +TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_verify_merkle_block,
> > > +	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode, unsigned long index,
> > > +		 unsigned int level, unsigned int hidx),
> > 
> > And the 'index' here is what the previous one calls 'hblock_idx'.
> > 
> > I think consistent naming would be helpful for people trying to use
> > these tracepoints.
> 
> Andrey, let me know if you're planning to send a new version with the
> naming cleaned up, or if I should do it in a follow-up patch instead.
> 
> Christian, can you let me know if it's okay if I take this series
> through the fsverity tree, or do you want it to go through the VFS tree?

Yeah, I can take them no biggie.
Tracepoints, heh, who would've thought.

[PATCH v2 0/2] Add traces and file attributes for fs-verity

[Andrey Albershteyn]

Hi all,

This two small patches grew from fs-verity XFS patchset. I think they're
self-contained improvements which could go without XFS implementation.

v2:
- Update kernel version in the docs to v7.0
- Move trace point before merkle tree block hash check
- Update commit message in patch 2
- Add VERITY to FS_COMMON_FL and FS_XFLAG_COMMON constants
- Fix block index argument in the tree block hash trace point

Andrey Albershteyn (2):
  fs: add FS_XFLAG_VERITY for fs-verity files
  fsverity: add tracepoints

 Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst |  16 +++
 MAINTAINERS                            |   1 +
 fs/file_attr.c                         |   4 +
 fs/verity/enable.c                     |   4 +
 fs/verity/fsverity_private.h           |   2 +
 fs/verity/init.c                       |   1 +
 fs/verity/verify.c                     |   9 ++
 include/linux/fileattr.h               |   6 +-
 include/trace/events/fsverity.h        | 143 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/uapi/linux/fs.h                |   1 +
 10 files changed, 184 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/trace/events/fsverity.h

-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH v2 2/2] fsverity: add tracepoints

[Andrey Albershteyn]

fs-verity previously had debug printk but it was removed. This patch
adds trace points to similar places, as a better alternative.

Signed-off-by: Andrey Albershteyn <aalbersh@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
[djwong: fix formatting]
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
---
 MAINTAINERS                     |   1 +
 fs/verity/enable.c              |   4 +
 fs/verity/fsverity_private.h    |   2 +
 fs/verity/init.c                |   1 +
 fs/verity/verify.c              |   9 ++
 include/trace/events/fsverity.h | 143 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 160 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/trace/events/fsverity.h

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 12f49de7fe03..17607340dfab 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -10311,6 +10311,7 @@ T:	git https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/fsverity/linux.git
 F:	Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst
 F:	fs/verity/
 F:	include/linux/fsverity.h
+F:	include/trace/events/fsverity.h
 F:	include/uapi/linux/fsverity.h
 
 FT260 FTDI USB-HID TO I2C BRIDGE DRIVER
diff --git a/fs/verity/enable.c b/fs/verity/enable.c
index 95ec42b84797..8718d943b428 100644
--- a/fs/verity/enable.c
+++ b/fs/verity/enable.c
@@ -222,6 +222,8 @@ static int enable_verity(struct file *filp,
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
+	trace_fsverity_enable(inode, &params);
+
 	/*
 	 * Start enabling verity on this file, serialized by the inode lock.
 	 * Fail if verity is already enabled or is already being enabled.
@@ -264,6 +266,8 @@ static int enable_verity(struct file *filp,
 		goto rollback;
 	}
 
+	trace_fsverity_tree_done(inode, vi, &params);
+
 	/*
 	 * Tell the filesystem to finish enabling verity on the file.
 	 * Serialized with ->begin_enable_verity() by the inode lock.
diff --git a/fs/verity/fsverity_private.h b/fs/verity/fsverity_private.h
index dd20b138d452..4b7ae1748f4e 100644
--- a/fs/verity/fsverity_private.h
+++ b/fs/verity/fsverity_private.h
@@ -161,4 +161,6 @@ static inline void fsverity_init_signature(void)
 
 void __init fsverity_init_workqueue(void);
 
+#include <trace/events/fsverity.h>
+
 #endif /* _FSVERITY_PRIVATE_H */
diff --git a/fs/verity/init.c b/fs/verity/init.c
index 6e8d33b50240..d65206608583 100644
--- a/fs/verity/init.c
+++ b/fs/verity/init.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  * Copyright 2019 Google LLC
  */
 
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
 #include "fsverity_private.h"
 
 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
diff --git a/fs/verity/verify.c b/fs/verity/verify.c
index 86067c8b40cf..940b8b956d7e 100644
--- a/fs/verity/verify.c
+++ b/fs/verity/verify.c
@@ -135,6 +135,9 @@ static bool verify_data_block(struct inode *inode, struct fsverity_info *vi,
 		/* Byte offset of the wanted hash relative to @addr */
 		unsigned int hoffset;
 	} hblocks[FS_VERITY_MAX_LEVELS];
+
+	trace_fsverity_verify_data_block(inode, params, data_pos);
+
 	/*
 	 * The index of the previous level's block within that level; also the
 	 * index of that block's hash within the current level.
@@ -214,6 +217,9 @@ static bool verify_data_block(struct inode *inode, struct fsverity_info *vi,
 			want_hash = _want_hash;
 			kunmap_local(haddr);
 			put_page(hpage);
+			trace_fsverity_merkle_hit(inode, data_pos, hblock_idx,
+					level,
+					hoffset >> params->log_digestsize);
 			goto descend;
 		}
 		hblocks[level].page = hpage;
@@ -232,6 +238,9 @@ static bool verify_data_block(struct inode *inode, struct fsverity_info *vi,
 		unsigned long hblock_idx = hblocks[level - 1].index;
 		unsigned int hoffset = hblocks[level - 1].hoffset;
 
+		trace_fsverity_verify_merkle_block(inode, hblock_idx,
+				level, hoffset >> params->log_digestsize);
+
 		fsverity_hash_block(params, haddr, real_hash);
 		if (memcmp(want_hash, real_hash, hsize) != 0)
 			goto corrupted;
diff --git a/include/trace/events/fsverity.h b/include/trace/events/fsverity.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1825f87a00d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/trace/events/fsverity.h
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#undef TRACE_SYSTEM
+#define TRACE_SYSTEM fsverity
+
+#if !defined(_TRACE_FSVERITY_H) || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ)
+#define _TRACE_FSVERITY_H
+
+#include <linux/tracepoint.h>
+
+struct fsverity_descriptor;
+struct merkle_tree_params;
+struct fsverity_info;
+
+TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_enable,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode,
+		 const struct merkle_tree_params *params),
+	TP_ARGS(inode, params),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(ino_t, ino)
+		__field(u64, data_size)
+		__field(unsigned int, block_size)
+		__field(unsigned int, num_levels)
+		__field(u64, tree_size)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+		__entry->data_size = i_size_read(inode);
+		__entry->block_size = params->block_size;
+		__entry->num_levels = params->num_levels;
+		__entry->tree_size = params->tree_size;
+	),
+	TP_printk("ino %lu data size %llu tree size %llu block size %u levels %u",
+		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
+		__entry->data_size,
+		__entry->tree_size,
+		__entry->block_size,
+		__entry->num_levels)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_tree_done,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode, const struct fsverity_info *vi,
+		 const struct merkle_tree_params *params),
+	TP_ARGS(inode, vi, params),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(ino_t, ino)
+		__field(unsigned int, levels)
+		__field(unsigned int, block_size)
+		__field(u64, tree_size)
+		__dynamic_array(u8, root_hash, params->digest_size)
+		__dynamic_array(u8, file_digest, params->digest_size)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+		__entry->levels = params->num_levels;
+		__entry->block_size = params->block_size;
+		__entry->tree_size = params->tree_size;
+		memcpy(__get_dynamic_array(root_hash), vi->root_hash, __get_dynamic_array_len(root_hash));
+		memcpy(__get_dynamic_array(file_digest), vi->file_digest, __get_dynamic_array_len(file_digest));
+	),
+	TP_printk("ino %lu levels %d block_size %d tree_size %lld root_hash %s digest %s",
+		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
+		__entry->levels,
+		__entry->block_size,
+		__entry->tree_size,
+		__print_hex_str(__get_dynamic_array(root_hash), __get_dynamic_array_len(root_hash)),
+		__print_hex_str(__get_dynamic_array(file_digest), __get_dynamic_array_len(file_digest)))
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_verify_data_block,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode,
+		 const struct merkle_tree_params *params,
+		 u64 data_pos),
+	TP_ARGS(inode, params, data_pos),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(ino_t, ino)
+		__field(u64, data_pos)
+		__field(unsigned int, block_size)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+		__entry->data_pos = data_pos;
+		__entry->block_size = params->block_size;
+	),
+	TP_printk("ino %lu pos %lld merkle_blocksize %u",
+		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
+		__entry->data_pos,
+		__entry->block_size)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_merkle_hit,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode, u64 data_pos,
+		 unsigned long hblock_idx, unsigned int level,
+		 unsigned int hidx),
+	TP_ARGS(inode, data_pos, hblock_idx, level, hidx),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(ino_t, ino)
+		__field(u64, data_pos)
+		__field(unsigned long, hblock_idx)
+		__field(unsigned int, level)
+		__field(unsigned int, hidx)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+		__entry->data_pos = data_pos;
+		__entry->hblock_idx = hblock_idx;
+		__entry->level = level;
+		__entry->hidx = hidx;
+	),
+	TP_printk("ino %lu data_pos %llu hblock_idx %lu level %u hidx %u",
+		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
+		__entry->data_pos,
+		__entry->hblock_idx,
+		__entry->level,
+		__entry->hidx)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(fsverity_verify_merkle_block,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct inode *inode, unsigned long index,
+		 unsigned int level, unsigned int hidx),
+	TP_ARGS(inode, index, level, hidx),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(ino_t, ino)
+		__field(unsigned long, index)
+		__field(unsigned int, level)
+		__field(unsigned int, hidx)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+		__entry->index = index;
+		__entry->level = level;
+		__entry->hidx = hidx;
+	),
+	TP_printk("ino %lu hblock_idx %lu level %u hidx %u",
+		(unsigned long) __entry->ino,
+		__entry->index,
+		__entry->level,
+		__entry->hidx)
+);
+
+#endif /* _TRACE_FSVERITY_H */
+
+/* This part must be outside protection */
+#include <trace/define_trace.h>
-- 
2.52.0