[PATCH bpf-next v3 0/2] bpf: add bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc for atomic inode labeling

[PATCH bpf-next v3 0/2] bpf: add bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc for atomic inode labeling

[David Windsor]

Many in-kernel LSMs (SELinux, Smack, IMA) store security labels in
extended attributes. For these LSMs, atomic labeling during inode
creation is critical: if the inode becomes accessible before its xattr
is set, it is briefly unlabeled, which can disrupt LSMs making policy
decisions based on file labels.

Existing LSMs solve this by setting xattrs directly in the
inode_init_security hook, which runs before the inode becomes
accessible. BPF LSM programs currently lack this capability because
the hook uses an output parameter (xattr_count) that BPF programs
cannot write to, and existing kfuncs like bpf_set_dentry_xattr
require a dentry that isn't available until after the inode is
accessible.

This series introduces the bpf_init_inode_xattr() kfunc, which takes
the combined inode_init_security xattr context argument to access
xattrs and xattr_count, and internally writes to xattr_count via
lsm_get_xattr_slot().

v3:
  - rename struct lsm_xattr_ctx to struct xattr_ctx (Paul)
  - increase BPF_LSM_INODE_INIT_XATTRS to 4 (Song)
  - enforce per-hook attachment cap at attach time to prevent
    runtime rejection (Paul)
  - add init_inode_xattr_attach_cap selftest

v2:
  - pass the xattr state as a combined context object and drop the
    verifier fixup path (Kumar)
  - restrict bpf_init_inode_xattr labels to bpf.* namespace (Matt)
  - cap bpf_init_inode_xattr() at BPF_LSM_INODE_INIT_XATTRS slots per
    invocation (AI)

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260503211835.16103-1-dwindsor@gmail.com/ [v2]

David Windsor (2):
  bpf: add bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc for atomic inode labeling
  selftests/bpf: add tests for bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc

 fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c                            | 106 +++++++++++++++++-
 include/linux/bpf.h                           |   1 +
 include/linux/bpf_lsm.h                       |   3 +
 include/linux/evm.h                           |   9 +-
 include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h                 |   4 +-
 include/linux/lsm_hooks.h                     |  16 ++-
 include/linux/security.h                      |   5 +
 kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c                          |  10 ++
 kernel/bpf/trampoline.c                       |   3 +
 security/bpf/hooks.c                          |   1 +
 security/integrity/evm/evm_main.c             |   8 +-
 security/security.c                           |   7 +-
 security/selinux/hooks.c                      |   4 +-
 security/smack/smack_lsm.c                    |  27 ++---
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_kfuncs.h      |   5 +
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fs_kfuncs.c      | 105 ++++++++++++++++-
 .../bpf/progs/test_init_inode_xattr.c         |  31 +++++
 17 files changed, 306 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_init_inode_xattr.c


base-commit: e771677c937da5808f7b6c1f0e4a97ec1a84f8a8
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH bpf-next v3 1/2] bpf: add bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc for atomic inode labeling

[David Windsor]

Add bpf_init_inode_xattr() kfunc for BPF LSM programs to atomically set
xattrs via the inode_init_security hook using lsm_get_xattr_slot().

The inode_init_security hook previously took the xattr array and count
as two separate output parameters (struct xattr *xattrs, int
*xattr_count), which BPF programs cannot write to. Pass the xattr state
as a single context object (struct xattr_ctx) instead, and have
bpf_init_inode_xattr() take that context directly. Update the existing
in-tree callers of inode_init_security to take and forward the new
xattr_ctx.

A previous attempt [1] required a kmalloc string output protocol for
the xattr name. Since commit 6bcdfd2cac55 ("security: Allow all LSMs to
provide xattrs for inode_init_security hook") [2], the xattr name is no
longer allocated; it is a static constant.

Because we rely on the hook-specific ctx layout, the kfunc is
restricted to lsm/inode_init_security. Restrict the xattr names that
may be set via this kfunc to the bpf.* namespace.

Link: https://kernsec.org/pipermail/linux-security-module-archive/2022-October/034878.html [1]
Link: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=6bcdfd2cac55 [2]
Suggested-by: Song Liu <song@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c                | 106 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 include/linux/bpf.h               |   1 +
 include/linux/bpf_lsm.h           |   3 +
 include/linux/evm.h               |   9 +--
 include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h     |   4 +-
 include/linux/lsm_hooks.h         |  16 ++---
 include/linux/security.h          |   5 ++
 kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c              |  10 +++
 kernel/bpf/trampoline.c           |   3 +
 security/bpf/hooks.c              |   1 +
 security/integrity/evm/evm_main.c |   8 ++-
 security/security.c               |   7 +-
 security/selinux/hooks.c          |   4 +-
 security/smack/smack_lsm.c        |  27 ++++----
 14 files changed, 166 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c b/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c
index 768aca2dc0f0..7abc3f3d1a67 100644
--- a/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c
+++ b/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <linux/fsnotify.h>
 #include <linux/file.h>
 #include <linux/kernfs.h>
+#include <linux/lsm_hooks.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/xattr.h>
 
@@ -374,6 +375,97 @@ __bpf_kfunc struct inode *bpf_real_inode(struct dentry *dentry)
 	return d_real_inode(dentry);
 }
 
+static int bpf_xattrs_used(const struct xattr_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	const size_t prefix_len = sizeof(XATTR_BPF_LSM_SUFFIX) - 1;
+	int i, n = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < *ctx->xattr_count; i++) {
+		const char *name = ctx->xattrs[i].name;
+
+		if (name && !strncmp(name, XATTR_BPF_LSM_SUFFIX, prefix_len))
+			n++;
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+static int __bpf_init_inode_xattr(struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx,
+				  const char *name__str,
+				  const struct bpf_dynptr *value_p)
+{
+	struct bpf_dynptr_kern *value_ptr = (struct bpf_dynptr_kern *)value_p;
+	size_t name_len;
+	void *xattr_value;
+	struct xattr *xattr;
+	struct xattr *xattrs;
+	int *xattr_count;
+	const void *value;
+	u32 value_len;
+
+	if (!xattr_ctx || !name__str)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	xattrs = xattr_ctx->xattrs;
+	xattr_count = xattr_ctx->xattr_count;
+	if (!xattrs || !xattr_count)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	if (bpf_xattrs_used(xattr_ctx) >= BPF_LSM_INODE_INIT_XATTRS)
+		return -ENOSPC;
+
+	name_len = strlen(name__str);
+	if (name_len == 0 || name_len > XATTR_NAME_MAX)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	if (strncmp(name__str, XATTR_BPF_LSM_SUFFIX,
+		    sizeof(XATTR_BPF_LSM_SUFFIX) - 1))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	value_len = __bpf_dynptr_size(value_ptr);
+	if (value_len == 0 || value_len > XATTR_SIZE_MAX)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	value = __bpf_dynptr_data(value_ptr, value_len);
+	if (!value)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Combine xattr value + name into one allocation. */
+	xattr_value = kmalloc(value_len + name_len + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!xattr_value)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	memcpy(xattr_value, value, value_len);
+	memcpy(xattr_value + value_len, name__str, name_len);
+	((char *)xattr_value)[value_len + name_len] = '\0';
+
+	xattr = lsm_get_xattr_slot(xattr_ctx);
+	if (!xattr) {
+		kfree(xattr_value);
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+
+	xattr->value = xattr_value;
+	xattr->name = (const char *)xattr_value + value_len;
+	xattr->value_len = value_len;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * bpf_init_inode_xattr - set an xattr on a new inode from inode_init_security
+ * @xattr_ctx: inode_init_security xattr state from the hook context
+ * @name__str: xattr name (e.g., "bpf.file_label")
+ * @value_p: dynptr containing the xattr value
+ *
+ * Only callable from lsm/inode_init_security programs.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success, negative error on failure.
+ */
+__bpf_kfunc int bpf_init_inode_xattr(struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx,
+				     const char *name__str,
+				     const struct bpf_dynptr *value_p)
+{
+	return __bpf_init_inode_xattr(xattr_ctx, name__str, value_p);
+}
+
 __bpf_kfunc_end_defs();
 
 BTF_KFUNCS_START(bpf_fs_kfunc_set_ids)
@@ -385,13 +477,25 @@ BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_get_file_xattr, KF_SLEEPABLE)
 BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_set_dentry_xattr, KF_SLEEPABLE)
 BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_remove_dentry_xattr, KF_SLEEPABLE)
 BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_real_inode, KF_SLEEPABLE | KF_RET_NULL)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_init_inode_xattr, KF_SLEEPABLE)
 BTF_KFUNCS_END(bpf_fs_kfunc_set_ids)
 
+BTF_ID_LIST(bpf_lsm_inode_init_security_btf_ids)
+BTF_ID(func, bpf_lsm_inode_init_security)
+
+BTF_ID_LIST(bpf_init_inode_xattr_btf_ids)
+BTF_ID(func, bpf_init_inode_xattr)
+
 static int bpf_fs_kfuncs_filter(const struct bpf_prog *prog, u32 kfunc_id)
 {
 	if (!btf_id_set8_contains(&bpf_fs_kfunc_set_ids, kfunc_id) ||
-	    prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM)
+	    prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM) {
+		/* bpf_init_inode_xattr only attaches to inode_init_security. */
+		if (kfunc_id == bpf_init_inode_xattr_btf_ids[0] &&
+		    prog->aux->attach_btf_id != bpf_lsm_inode_init_security_btf_ids[0])
+			return -EACCES;
 		return 0;
+	}
 	return -EACCES;
 }
 
diff --git a/include/linux/bpf.h b/include/linux/bpf.h
index 7719f6528445..f14bfcda78db 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf.h
@@ -1752,6 +1752,7 @@ struct bpf_prog_aux {
 	u32 real_func_cnt; /* includes hidden progs, only used for JIT and freeing progs */
 	u32 func_idx; /* 0 for non-func prog, the index in func array for func prog */
 	u32 attach_btf_id; /* in-kernel BTF type id to attach to */
+	u32 attach_limit; /* max concurrent attachments (0 = unlimited) */
 	u32 attach_st_ops_member_off;
 	u32 ctx_arg_info_size;
 	u32 max_rdonly_access;
diff --git a/include/linux/bpf_lsm.h b/include/linux/bpf_lsm.h
index 143775a27a2a..b655c708818e 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf_lsm.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf_lsm.h
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
 #include <linux/lsm_hook_defs.h>
 #undef LSM_HOOK
 
+/* max bpf xattrs per inode */
+#define BPF_LSM_INODE_INIT_XATTRS 4
+
 struct bpf_storage_blob {
 	struct bpf_local_storage __rcu *storage;
 };
diff --git a/include/linux/evm.h b/include/linux/evm.h
index 913f4573b203..0aa151288b36 100644
--- a/include/linux/evm.h
+++ b/include/linux/evm.h
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #include <linux/integrity.h>
 #include <linux/xattr.h>
 
+struct xattr_ctx;
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_EVM
 extern int evm_set_key(void *key, size_t keylen);
 extern enum integrity_status evm_verifyxattr(struct dentry *dentry,
@@ -21,8 +23,8 @@ extern enum integrity_status evm_verifyxattr(struct dentry *dentry,
 int evm_fix_hmac(struct dentry *dentry, const char *xattr_name,
 		 const char *xattr_value, size_t xattr_value_len);
 int evm_inode_init_security(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
-			    const struct qstr *qstr, struct xattr *xattrs,
-			    int *xattr_count);
+			    const struct qstr *qstr,
+			    struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx);
 extern bool evm_revalidate_status(const char *xattr_name);
 extern int evm_protected_xattr_if_enabled(const char *req_xattr_name);
 extern int evm_read_protected_xattrs(struct dentry *dentry, u8 *buffer,
@@ -63,8 +65,7 @@ static inline int evm_fix_hmac(struct dentry *dentry, const char *xattr_name,
 
 static inline int evm_inode_init_security(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
 					  const struct qstr *qstr,
-					  struct xattr *xattrs,
-					  int *xattr_count)
+					  struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h b/include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h
index 65c9609ec207..f62780fbeb9e 100644
--- a/include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h
+++ b/include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ LSM_HOOK(int, 0, inode_alloc_security, struct inode *inode)
 LSM_HOOK(void, LSM_RET_VOID, inode_free_security, struct inode *inode)
 LSM_HOOK(void, LSM_RET_VOID, inode_free_security_rcu, void *inode_security)
 LSM_HOOK(int, -EOPNOTSUPP, inode_init_security, struct inode *inode,
-	 struct inode *dir, const struct qstr *qstr, struct xattr *xattrs,
-	 int *xattr_count)
+	 struct inode *dir, const struct qstr *qstr,
+	 struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx)
 LSM_HOOK(int, 0, inode_init_security_anon, struct inode *inode,
 	 const struct qstr *name, const struct inode *context_inode)
 LSM_HOOK(int, 0, inode_create, struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
diff --git a/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h b/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h
index b4f8cad53ddb..710e48caaeba 100644
--- a/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h
+++ b/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h
@@ -200,20 +200,18 @@ extern struct lsm_static_calls_table static_calls_table __ro_after_init;
 
 /**
  * lsm_get_xattr_slot - Return the next available slot and increment the index
- * @xattrs: array storing LSM-provided xattrs
- * @xattr_count: number of already stored xattrs (updated)
+ * @ctx: xattr state shared by inode_init_security hooks
  *
- * Retrieve the first available slot in the @xattrs array to fill with an xattr,
- * and increment @xattr_count.
+ * Retrieve the first available slot in the @ctx->xattrs array to fill with an
+ * xattr, and increment @ctx->xattr_count.
  *
- * Return: The slot to fill in @xattrs if non-NULL, NULL otherwise.
+ * Return: The slot to fill in @ctx->xattrs if non-NULL, NULL otherwise.
  */
-static inline struct xattr *lsm_get_xattr_slot(struct xattr *xattrs,
-					       int *xattr_count)
+static inline struct xattr *lsm_get_xattr_slot(struct xattr_ctx *ctx)
 {
-	if (unlikely(!xattrs))
+	if (unlikely(!ctx || !ctx->xattrs || !ctx->xattr_count))
 		return NULL;
-	return &xattrs[(*xattr_count)++];
+	return &ctx->xattrs[(*ctx->xattr_count)++];
 }
 
 #endif /* ! __LINUX_LSM_HOOKS_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/security.h b/include/linux/security.h
index 153e9043058f..1f8e84e7dd7e 100644
--- a/include/linux/security.h
+++ b/include/linux/security.h
@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ struct watch;
 struct watch_notification;
 struct lsm_ctx;
 
+struct xattr_ctx {
+	struct xattr *xattrs;
+	int *xattr_count;
+};
+
 /* Default (no) options for the capable function */
 #define CAP_OPT_NONE 0x0
 /* If capable should audit the security request */
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c b/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
index 564071a92d7d..86a8e188b900 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
@@ -113,6 +113,9 @@ void bpf_lsm_find_cgroup_shim(const struct bpf_prog *prog,
 }
 #endif
 
+BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(bpf_lsm_inode_init_security_btf_ids, func,
+		   bpf_lsm_inode_init_security)
+
 int bpf_lsm_verify_prog(struct bpf_verifier_log *vlog,
 			const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 {
@@ -137,6 +140,12 @@ int bpf_lsm_verify_prog(struct bpf_verifier_log *vlog,
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
+	/* bpf reserves a fixed number of xattr slots for itself.
+	 * Set the attach limit so the trampoline rejects excess attaches.
+	 */
+	if (btf_id == bpf_lsm_inode_init_security_btf_ids[0])
+		prog->aux->attach_limit = BPF_LSM_INODE_INIT_XATTRS;
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -315,6 +324,7 @@ BTF_ID(func, bpf_lsm_inode_create)
 BTF_ID(func, bpf_lsm_inode_free_security)
 BTF_ID(func, bpf_lsm_inode_getattr)
 BTF_ID(func, bpf_lsm_inode_getxattr)
+BTF_ID(func, bpf_lsm_inode_init_security)
 BTF_ID(func, bpf_lsm_inode_mknod)
 BTF_ID(func, bpf_lsm_inode_need_killpriv)
 BTF_ID(func, bpf_lsm_inode_post_setxattr)
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c b/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
index 1a721fc4bef5..b41b02173e24 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
@@ -859,6 +859,9 @@ static int bpf_trampoline_add_prog(struct bpf_trampoline *tr,
 	}
 	if (cnt >= BPF_MAX_TRAMP_LINKS)
 		return -E2BIG;
+	if (node->link->prog->aux->attach_limit &&
+	    tr->progs_cnt[kind] >= node->link->prog->aux->attach_limit)
+		return -E2BIG;
 	if (!hlist_unhashed(&node->tramp_hlist))
 		/* prog already linked */
 		return -EBUSY;
diff --git a/security/bpf/hooks.c b/security/bpf/hooks.c
index 40efde233f3a..d7c44c5c0e30 100644
--- a/security/bpf/hooks.c
+++ b/security/bpf/hooks.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ static int __init bpf_lsm_init(void)
 
 struct lsm_blob_sizes bpf_lsm_blob_sizes __ro_after_init = {
 	.lbs_inode = sizeof(struct bpf_storage_blob),
+	.lbs_xattr_count = BPF_LSM_INODE_INIT_XATTRS,
 };
 
 DEFINE_LSM(bpf) = {
diff --git a/security/integrity/evm/evm_main.c b/security/integrity/evm/evm_main.c
index b59e3f121b8a..e0a05162accc 100644
--- a/security/integrity/evm/evm_main.c
+++ b/security/integrity/evm/evm_main.c
@@ -1062,14 +1062,16 @@ static int evm_inode_copy_up_xattr(struct dentry *src, const char *name)
  * evm_inode_init_security - initializes security.evm HMAC value
  */
 int evm_inode_init_security(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
-			    const struct qstr *qstr, struct xattr *xattrs,
-			    int *xattr_count)
+			    const struct qstr *qstr,
+			    struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx)
 {
 	struct evm_xattr *xattr_data;
 	struct xattr *xattr, *evm_xattr;
+	struct xattr *xattrs;
 	bool evm_protected_xattrs = false;
 	int rc;
 
+	xattrs = xattr_ctx ? xattr_ctx->xattrs : NULL;
 	if (!(evm_initialized & EVM_INIT_HMAC) || !xattrs)
 		return 0;
 
@@ -1087,7 +1089,7 @@ int evm_inode_init_security(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
 	if (!evm_protected_xattrs)
 		return 0;
 
-	evm_xattr = lsm_get_xattr_slot(xattrs, xattr_count);
+	evm_xattr = lsm_get_xattr_slot(xattr_ctx);
 	/*
 	 * Array terminator (xattr name = NULL) must be the first non-filled
 	 * xattr slot.
diff --git a/security/security.c b/security/security.c
index 71aea8fdf014..8f82a1352356 100644
--- a/security/security.c
+++ b/security/security.c
@@ -1334,6 +1334,7 @@ int security_inode_init_security(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
 {
 	struct lsm_static_call *scall;
 	struct xattr *new_xattrs = NULL;
+	struct xattr_ctx xattr_ctx;
 	int ret = -EOPNOTSUPP, xattr_count = 0;
 
 	if (unlikely(IS_PRIVATE(inode)))
@@ -1349,10 +1350,12 @@ int security_inode_init_security(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
 		if (!new_xattrs)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 	}
+	xattr_ctx.xattrs = new_xattrs;
+	xattr_ctx.xattr_count = &xattr_count;
 
 	lsm_for_each_hook(scall, inode_init_security) {
-		ret = scall->hl->hook.inode_init_security(inode, dir, qstr, new_xattrs,
-						  &xattr_count);
+		ret = scall->hl->hook.inode_init_security(inode, dir, qstr,
+							  &xattr_ctx);
 		if (ret && ret != -EOPNOTSUPP)
 			goto out;
 		/*
diff --git a/security/selinux/hooks.c b/security/selinux/hooks.c
index 1a713d96206f..faa8a6b9c45b 100644
--- a/security/selinux/hooks.c
+++ b/security/selinux/hooks.c
@@ -2962,7 +2962,7 @@ static int selinux_dentry_create_files_as(struct dentry *dentry, int mode,
 
 static int selinux_inode_init_security(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
 				       const struct qstr *qstr,
-				       struct xattr *xattrs, int *xattr_count)
+				       struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx)
 {
 	const struct cred_security_struct *crsec = selinux_cred(current_cred());
 	struct superblock_security_struct *sbsec;
@@ -2992,7 +2992,7 @@ static int selinux_inode_init_security(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
 	    !(sbsec->flags & SBLABEL_MNT))
 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 
-	xattr = lsm_get_xattr_slot(xattrs, xattr_count);
+	xattr = lsm_get_xattr_slot(xattr_ctx);
 	if (xattr) {
 		rc = security_sid_to_context_force(newsid,
 						   &context, &clen);
diff --git a/security/smack/smack_lsm.c b/security/smack/smack_lsm.c
index ff115068c5c0..8ed5648a0116 100644
--- a/security/smack/smack_lsm.c
+++ b/security/smack/smack_lsm.c
@@ -981,10 +981,10 @@ smk_rule_transmutes(struct smack_known *subject,
 }
 
 static int
-xattr_dupval(struct xattr *xattrs, int *xattr_count,
+xattr_dupval(struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx,
 	     const char *name, const void *value, unsigned int vallen)
 {
-	struct xattr * const xattr = lsm_get_xattr_slot(xattrs, xattr_count);
+	struct xattr * const xattr = lsm_get_xattr_slot(xattr_ctx);
 
 	if (!xattr)
 		return 0;
@@ -1003,14 +1003,13 @@ xattr_dupval(struct xattr *xattrs, int *xattr_count,
  * @inode: the newly created inode
  * @dir: containing directory object
  * @qstr: unused
- * @xattrs: where to put the attributes
- * @xattr_count: current number of LSM-provided xattrs (updated)
+ * @xattr_ctx: where to put attributes and update count
  *
  * Returns 0 if it all works out, -ENOMEM if there's no memory
  */
 static int smack_inode_init_security(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
 				     const struct qstr *qstr,
-				     struct xattr *xattrs, int *xattr_count)
+				     struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx)
 {
 	struct task_smack *tsp = smack_cred(current_cred());
 	struct inode_smack * const issp = smack_inode(inode);
@@ -1057,21 +1056,19 @@ static int smack_inode_init_security(struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
 		if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
 			transflag = SMK_INODE_TRANSMUTE;
 
-			if (xattr_dupval(xattrs, xattr_count,
-				XATTR_SMACK_TRANSMUTE,
-				TRANS_TRUE,
-				TRANS_TRUE_SIZE
-			))
+			if (xattr_dupval(xattr_ctx,
+					 XATTR_SMACK_TRANSMUTE,
+					 TRANS_TRUE,
+					 TRANS_TRUE_SIZE))
 				rc = -ENOMEM;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (rc == 0)
-		if (xattr_dupval(xattrs, xattr_count,
-			    XATTR_SMACK_SUFFIX,
-			    issp->smk_inode->smk_known,
-		     strlen(issp->smk_inode->smk_known)
-		))
+		if (xattr_dupval(xattr_ctx,
+				 XATTR_SMACK_SUFFIX,
+				 issp->smk_inode->smk_known,
+				 strlen(issp->smk_inode->smk_known)))
 			rc = -ENOMEM;
 instant_inode:
 	issp->smk_flags |= (SMK_INODE_INSTANT | transflag);
-- 
2.53.0

Re: [PATCH bpf-next v3 1/2] bpf: add bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc for atomic inode labeling

[sashiko-bot]

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider:
- [High] bpf_init_inode_xattr incorrectly uses GFP_KERNEL when allocating xattr_value inside the inode_init_security hook, which can trigger filesystem reclaim deadlocks.
--

commit 90409fcd43737306bcca3704874f44073960a65f
Author: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>

bpf: add bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc for atomic inode labeling

This commit adds the bpf_init_inode_xattr() kfunc for BPF LSM programs to
atomically set xattrs via the inode_init_security hook. It updates the hook
interface to use a single xattr_ctx context object rather than separate
arrays and counts.

Link: https://kernsec.org/pipermail/linux-security-module-archive/2022-October/034878.html [1]
Link: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=6bcdfd2cac55 [2]

> diff --git a/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c b/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c
> index 768aca2dc0f03..7abc3f3d1a678 100644
> --- a/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c
> +++ b/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c
[ ... ]
> @@ -374,6 +375,97 @@ __bpf_kfunc struct inode *bpf_real_inode(struct dentry *dentry)
[ ... ]
> +static int __bpf_init_inode_xattr(struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx,
> +				  const char *name__str,
> +				  const struct bpf_dynptr *value_p)
> +{
[ ... ]
> +	value = __bpf_dynptr_data(value_ptr, value_len);
> +	if (!value)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	/* Combine xattr value + name into one allocation. */
> +	xattr_value = kmalloc(value_len + name_len + 1, GFP_KERNEL);

[Severity: High]
Can this cause a filesystem transaction deadlock?

The inode_init_security hook is called during inode creation, which often
happens while filesystems like ext4 or btrfs hold critical filesystem locks
or an active journal transaction. 

If kmalloc is called with GFP_KERNEL here, the memory allocator can enter
direct reclaim. The reclaim path may re-enter the filesystem to write back
dirty pages or shrink caches, attempting to acquire the same locks that are
already held by the active file creation path.

Other LSMs and the core security framework explicitly use GFP_NOFS during
the inode_init_security hook to avoid these reclaim deadlocks. Should this
allocation use GFP_NOFS instead?

> +	if (!xattr_value)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +	memcpy(xattr_value, value, value_len);

-- 
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260618203411.73917-1-dwindsor@gmail.com?part=1

Re: [PATCH bpf-next v3 1/2] bpf: add bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc for atomic inode labeling

[bot+bpf-ci]

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 2507 bytes --]

> diff --git a/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c b/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c
> index 768aca2dc0f0..7abc3f3d1a67 100644
> --- a/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c
> +++ b/fs/bpf_fs_kfuncs.c

[ ... ]

> diff --git a/include/linux/security.h b/include/linux/security.h
> index 153e9043058f..1f8e84e7dd7e 100644
> --- a/include/linux/security.h
> +++ b/include/linux/security.h
> @@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ struct watch;
>  struct watch_notification;
>  struct lsm_ctx;
>
> +struct xattr_ctx {
> +	struct xattr *xattrs;
> +	int *xattr_count;
> +};
> +

Paul Moore suggested in v2 renaming this to 'struct lsm_xattrs' to avoid
overloading the term 'ctx' in the LSM space. The struct was renamed from
'lsm_xattr_ctx' to 'xattr_ctx' in v3, but 'ctx' is still in the name. Was
there a reason to keep 'ctx' in the name, or would renaming to 'lsm_xattrs'
as Paul suggested be preferable?

>  /* Default (no) options for the capable function */
>  #define CAP_OPT_NONE 0x0
>  /* If capable should audit the security request */

[ ... ]

> diff --git a/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c b/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
> index 564071a92d7d..86a8e188b900 100644
> --- a/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
> +++ b/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
> @@ -113,6 +113,9 @@ void bpf_lsm_find_cgroup_shim(const struct bpf_prog *prog,
>  }
>  #endif
>
> +BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(bpf_lsm_inode_init_security_btf_ids, func,
> +		   bpf_lsm_inode_init_security)
> +
>  int bpf_lsm_verify_prog(struct bpf_verifier_log *vlog,
>  			const struct bpf_prog *prog)
>  {
> @@ -137,6 +140,12 @@ int bpf_lsm_verify_prog(struct bpf_verifier_log *vlog,
>  		return -EINVAL;
>  	}
>
> +	/* bpf reserves a fixed number of xattr slots for itself.
> +	 * Set the attach limit so the trampoline rejects excess attaches.
> +	 */

This isn't a bug, but a subsystem pattern flags this as potentially
concerning: the BPF subsystem comment-style rule for files under kernel/bpf/
requires multi-line comments to have the opening /* on its own line, with
comment text starting on the next line. The preferred form would be:

	/*
	 * bpf reserves a fixed number of xattr slots for itself.
	 * Set the attach limit so the trampoline rejects excess attaches.
	 */

> +	if (btf_id == bpf_lsm_inode_init_security_btf_ids[0])
> +		prog->aux->attach_limit = BPF_LSM_INODE_INIT_XATTRS;
> +
>  	return 0;
>  }
>

[ ... ]


---
AI reviewed your patch. Please fix the bug or email reply why it's not a bug.
See: https://github.com/kernel-patches/vmtest/blob/master/ci/claude/README.md

CI run summary: https://github.com/kernel-patches/bpf/actions/runs/27788616397

Re: [PATCH bpf-next v3 1/2] bpf: add bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc for atomic inode labeling

[David Windsor]

On Thu, Jun 18, 2026 at 5:22 PM <bot+bpf-ci@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> [ ... ]
> >
> > +struct xattr_ctx {
> > +     struct xattr *xattrs;
> > +     int *xattr_count;
> > +};
> > +
>
> Paul Moore suggested in v2 renaming this to 'struct lsm_xattrs' to avoid
> overloading the term 'ctx' in the LSM space. The struct was renamed from
> 'lsm_xattr_ctx' to 'xattr_ctx' in v3, but 'ctx' is still in the name. Was
> there a reason to keep 'ctx' in the name, or would renaming to 'lsm_xattrs'
> as Paul suggested be preferable?
>

Indeed he did; I mistakenly inverted his original request.

Will send a fix for this, as well as converting GFP_KERNEL to GFP_NOFS
in the allocation in __bpf_init_inode_xattr.


> >  /* Default (no) options for the capable function */
> >  #define CAP_OPT_NONE 0x0
> >  /* If capable should audit the security request */
>
> [ ... ]
>
> > diff --git a/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c b/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
> > index 564071a92d7d..86a8e188b900 100644
> > --- a/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
> > +++ b/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
> > @@ -113,6 +113,9 @@ void bpf_lsm_find_cgroup_shim(const struct bpf_prog *prog,
> >  }
> >  #endif
> >
> > +BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(bpf_lsm_inode_init_security_btf_ids, func,
> > +                bpf_lsm_inode_init_security)
> > +
> >  int bpf_lsm_verify_prog(struct bpf_verifier_log *vlog,
> >                       const struct bpf_prog *prog)
> >  {
> > @@ -137,6 +140,12 @@ int bpf_lsm_verify_prog(struct bpf_verifier_log *vlog,
> >               return -EINVAL;
> >       }
> >
> > +     /* bpf reserves a fixed number of xattr slots for itself.
> > +      * Set the attach limit so the trampoline rejects excess attaches.
> > +      */
>
> This isn't a bug, but a subsystem pattern flags this as potentially
> concerning: the BPF subsystem comment-style rule for files under kernel/bpf/
> requires multi-line comments to have the opening /* on its own line, with
> comment text starting on the next line. The preferred form would be:
>
>         /*
>          * bpf reserves a fixed number of xattr slots for itself.
>          * Set the attach limit so the trampoline rejects excess attaches.
>          */
>
> > +     if (btf_id == bpf_lsm_inode_init_security_btf_ids[0])
> > +             prog->aux->attach_limit = BPF_LSM_INODE_INIT_XATTRS;
> > +
> >       return 0;
> >  }
> >
>
> [ ... ]
>
>
> ---
> AI reviewed your patch. Please fix the bug or email reply why it's not a bug.
> See: https://github.com/kernel-patches/vmtest/blob/master/ci/claude/README.md
>
> CI run summary: https://github.com/kernel-patches/bpf/actions/runs/27788616397

[PATCH bpf-next v3 2/2] selftests/bpf: add tests for bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc

[David Windsor]

Test bpf atomic inode xattr labeling in inode_init_security.

Signed-off-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_kfuncs.h      |   5 +
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fs_kfuncs.c      | 105 +++++++++++++++++-
 .../bpf/progs/test_init_inode_xattr.c         |  31 ++++++
 3 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_init_inode_xattr.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_kfuncs.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_kfuncs.h
index ae71e9b69051..69d3641ee2d8 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_kfuncs.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_kfuncs.h
@@ -92,4 +92,9 @@ extern int bpf_set_dentry_xattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name__str,
 				const struct bpf_dynptr *value_p, int flags) __ksym __weak;
 extern int bpf_remove_dentry_xattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name__str) __ksym __weak;
 
+struct xattr_ctx;
+extern int bpf_init_inode_xattr(struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx,
+				const char *name__str,
+				const struct bpf_dynptr *value_p) __ksym __weak;
+
 #endif
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fs_kfuncs.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fs_kfuncs.c
index 43a26ec69a8e..0898898fb125 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fs_kfuncs.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fs_kfuncs.c
@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@
 #include <test_progs.h>
 #include "test_get_xattr.skel.h"
 #include "test_set_remove_xattr.skel.h"
+#include "test_init_inode_xattr.skel.h"
 #include "test_fsverity.skel.h"
 
-static const char testfile[] = "/tmp/test_progs_fs_kfuncs";
+static const char testfile[] = "/tmp/labelme";
 
 static void test_get_xattr(const char *name, const char *value, bool allow_access)
 {
@@ -268,6 +269,102 @@ static void test_fsverity(void)
 	remove(testfile);
 }
 
+static void test_init_inode_xattr(void)
+{
+	struct test_init_inode_xattr *skel = NULL;
+	int fd = -1, err;
+	char value_out[64];
+	const char *testfile_new = "/tmp/test_progs_fs_kfuncs_new";
+
+	skel = test_init_inode_xattr__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "test_init_inode_xattr__open_and_load"))
+		return;
+
+	skel->bss->monitored_pid = getpid();
+	err = test_init_inode_xattr__attach(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "test_init_inode_xattr__attach"))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Trigger inode_init_security */
+	fd = open(testfile_new, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0644);
+	if (!ASSERT_GE(fd, 0, "create_file"))
+		goto out;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->data->init_result, 0, "init_result");
+
+	/* initxattrs prepends "security." to the name. */
+	err = getxattr(testfile_new, "security.bpf.test_label", value_out,
+		       sizeof(value_out));
+	if (err < 0 && errno == ENODATA) {
+		printf("%s:SKIP:filesystem did not apply LSM xattrs\n",
+		       __func__);
+		test__skip();
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (!ASSERT_GE(err, 0, "getxattr"))
+		goto out;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, (int)sizeof(skel->data->xattr_value), "xattr_size");
+	ASSERT_EQ(strncmp(value_out, "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0",
+			  sizeof("unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0")), 0,
+		  "xattr_value");
+
+out:
+	close(fd);
+	test_init_inode_xattr__destroy(skel);
+	remove(testfile_new);
+}
+
+/* Keep in sync with BPF_LSM_INODE_INIT_XATTRS in include/linux/bpf_lsm.h. */
+#define INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX 4
+
+/* At most INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX programs can attach to inode_init_security. */
+static void test_init_inode_xattr_attach_cap(void)
+{
+	struct test_init_inode_xattr *skel[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX + 1] = {};
+	struct bpf_link *link[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX + 1] = {};
+	struct bpf_link *extra = NULL;
+	int i, err;
+
+	/* Fill all available xattr slots */
+	for (i = 0; i < INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX; i++) {
+		skel[i] = test_init_inode_xattr__open_and_load();
+		if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel[i], "open_and_load"))
+			goto out;
+
+		link[i] = bpf_program__attach_lsm(skel[i]->progs.test_init_inode_xattr);
+		if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link[i], "attach_within_cap"))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	skel[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX] = test_init_inode_xattr__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX], "open_and_load_extra"))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* New additions fail with -E2BIG */
+	extra = bpf_program__attach_lsm(skel[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX]->progs.test_init_inode_xattr);
+	err = -errno;
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(extra, "attach_over_cap_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(extra);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -E2BIG, "attach_over_cap_errno");
+
+	bpf_link__destroy(link[0]);
+	link[0] = NULL; /* avoid double free in cleanup */
+
+	/* Freeing a slot lets the extra program attach */
+	extra = bpf_program__attach_lsm(skel[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX]->progs.test_init_inode_xattr);
+	ASSERT_OK_PTR(extra, "attach_after_detach");
+
+out:
+	bpf_link__destroy(extra);
+	for (i = 0; i <= INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX; i++) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link[i]);
+		test_init_inode_xattr__destroy(skel[i]);
+	}
+}
+
 void test_fs_kfuncs(void)
 {
 	/* Matches xattr_names in progs/test_get_xattr.c */
@@ -286,6 +383,12 @@ void test_fs_kfuncs(void)
 	if (test__start_subtest("set_remove_xattr"))
 		test_set_remove_xattr();
 
+	if (test__start_subtest("init_inode_xattr"))
+		test_init_inode_xattr();
+
+	if (test__start_subtest("init_inode_xattr_attach_cap"))
+		test_init_inode_xattr_attach_cap();
+
 	if (test__start_subtest("fsverity"))
 		test_fsverity();
 }
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_init_inode_xattr.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_init_inode_xattr.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6f0e8b02ff88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_init_inode_xattr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Cisco Systems, Inc. */
+
+#include "vmlinux.h"
+#include <bpf/bpf_tracing.h>
+#include "bpf_kfuncs.h"
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+
+__u32 monitored_pid;
+int init_result = -1;
+
+static const char xattr_name[] = "bpf.test_label";
+char xattr_value[] = "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0";
+
+SEC("lsm.s/inode_init_security")
+int BPF_PROG(test_init_inode_xattr, struct inode *inode, struct inode *dir,
+	     const struct qstr *qstr, struct xattr_ctx *xattr_ctx)
+{
+	struct bpf_dynptr value_ptr;
+	__u32 pid;
+
+	pid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid() >> 32;
+	if (pid != monitored_pid)
+		return 0;
+
+	bpf_dynptr_from_mem(xattr_value, sizeof(xattr_value), 0, &value_ptr);
+	init_result = bpf_init_inode_xattr(xattr_ctx, xattr_name, &value_ptr);
+
+	return 0;
+}
-- 
2.53.0

Re: [PATCH bpf-next v3 2/2] selftests/bpf: add tests for bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc

[sashiko-bot]

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 3 potential issue(s) to consider:
- [Medium] Double free of the `extra` BPF link in the error path of `test_init_inode_xattr_attach_cap()`.
- [Medium] Test fails instead of skipping when the filesystem lacks xattr support (`EOPNOTSUPP`).
- [Low] Test uses `open` with `O_CREAT` without `O_EXCL` or unlinking first, leading to flaky failures if the file already exists.
--

commit 5953c8b908f6e9a4380d36de2bc7d988b3ec4923
Author: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>

selftests/bpf: add tests for bpf_init_inode_xattr kfunc

Test bpf atomic inode xattr labeling in inode_init_security.

> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fs_kfuncs.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fs_kfuncs.c
> index 43a26ec69a8e3..0898898fb1253 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fs_kfuncs.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fs_kfuncs.c

[ ... ]

> @@ -268,6 +269,102 @@ static void test_fsverity(void)
>  	remove(testfile);
>  }
>  
> +static void test_init_inode_xattr(void)
> +{
> +	struct test_init_inode_xattr *skel = NULL;
> +	int fd = -1, err;
> +	char value_out[64];
> +	const char *testfile_new = "/tmp/test_progs_fs_kfuncs_new";
> +
> +	skel = test_init_inode_xattr__open_and_load();
> +	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "test_init_inode_xattr__open_and_load"))
> +		return;
> +
> +	skel->bss->monitored_pid = getpid();
> +	err = test_init_inode_xattr__attach(skel);
> +	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "test_init_inode_xattr__attach"))
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	/* Trigger inode_init_security */
> +	fd = open(testfile_new, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0644);
> +	if (!ASSERT_GE(fd, 0, "create_file"))
> +		goto out;

[Severity: Low]
If the file already exists from a previously aborted test run, will open()
without O_EXCL just open the existing file instead of creating a new one?

If so, this might bypass the inode_init_security hook the test relies on to
trigger the BPF program, causing unexpected failures. Would it be safer to
add O_EXCL or explicitly unlink the file beforehand?

> +
> +	ASSERT_EQ(skel->data->init_result, 0, "init_result");
> +
> +	/* initxattrs prepends "security." to the name. */
> +	err = getxattr(testfile_new, "security.bpf.test_label", value_out,
> +		       sizeof(value_out));
> +	if (err < 0 && errno == ENODATA) {
> +		printf("%s:SKIP:filesystem did not apply LSM xattrs\n",
> +		       __func__);
> +		test__skip();
> +		goto out;
> +	}
> +	if (!ASSERT_GE(err, 0, "getxattr"))
> +		goto out;

[Severity: Medium]
Does this skip logic need to handle errno == EOPNOTSUPP as well?

If the test runs on a filesystem that doesn't support xattrs at all (like
some tmpfs configurations), getxattr() might return EOPNOTSUPP. The test
would then fall through to the ASSERT_GE() check and fail rather than
gracefully skipping.

[ ... ]

> +static void test_init_inode_xattr_attach_cap(void)
> +{
> +	struct test_init_inode_xattr *skel[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX + 1] = {};
> +	struct bpf_link *link[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX + 1] = {};
> +	struct bpf_link *extra = NULL;
> +	int i, err;
> +
> +	/* Fill all available xattr slots */
> +	for (i = 0; i < INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX; i++) {
> +		skel[i] = test_init_inode_xattr__open_and_load();
> +		if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel[i], "open_and_load"))
> +			goto out;
> +
> +		link[i] = bpf_program__attach_lsm(skel[i]->progs.test_init_inode_xattr);
> +		if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link[i], "attach_within_cap"))
> +			goto out;
> +	}
> +
> +	skel[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX] = test_init_inode_xattr__open_and_load();
> +	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX], "open_and_load_extra"))
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	/* New additions fail with -E2BIG */
> +	extra = bpf_program__attach_lsm(skel[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX]->progs.test_init_inode_xattr);
> +	err = -errno;
> +	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(extra, "attach_over_cap_should_fail")) {
> +		bpf_link__destroy(extra);
> +		goto out;
> +	}
> +	ASSERT_EQ(err, -E2BIG, "attach_over_cap_errno");
> +
> +	bpf_link__destroy(link[0]);
> +	link[0] = NULL; /* avoid double free in cleanup */
> +
> +	/* Freeing a slot lets the extra program attach */
> +	extra = bpf_program__attach_lsm(skel[INIT_INODE_XATTR_MAX]->progs.test_init_inode_xattr);
> +	ASSERT_OK_PTR(extra, "attach_after_detach");
> +
> +out:
> +	bpf_link__destroy(extra);

[Severity: Medium]
Can this cause a double free of the extra link if the first assert fails?

If extra is unexpectedly valid in the attach_over_cap_should_fail check,
bpf_link__destroy(extra) is called before jumping to the out label. Once
at the out label, bpf_link__destroy(extra) will be called a second time
on the exact same pointer since it wasn't set to NULL before the jump.

-- 
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260618203411.73917-1-dwindsor@gmail.com?part=2