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* [PATCH] target/riscv: save ELP in MPELP for NMIE=0 exceptions
@ 2026-09-02  1:57 Zephyr Li
  2026-09-02 11:31 ` Daniel Henrique Barboza
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 2+ messages in thread
From: Zephyr Li @ 2026-09-02  1:57 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel
  Cc: qemu-riscv, Palmer Dabbelt, Alistair Francis, Weiwei Li,
	Daniel Henrique Barboza, Liu Zhiwei, Chao Liu, Zephyr Li

When an exception occurs in M-mode while mnstatus.NMIE is clear,
Smrnmi only changes the exception handler address. Trap state is still
saved in the regular M-mode CSRs and the handler returns with MRET.

riscv_cpu_do_interrupt() instead saves ELP in mnstatus.MNPELP on this
path. MRET restores ELP from mstatus.MPELP, so the expected landing-pad
state is lost.

Always save ELP in mstatus.MPELP for M-mode exceptions. Keep MNPELP for
the actual RNMI interrupt path, which returns with MNRET.

Add a TCG test that checks ELP preservation across an NMIE=0 M-mode
exception and MRET.

Fixes: 0266fd8b56a4 ("target/riscv: Add Zicfilp support for Smrnmi")
Resolves: https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/work_items/4223
Signed-off-by: Zephyr Li <fritchleybohrer@gmail.com>
---
 target/riscv/tcg/cpu_helper.c             |  18 +---
 tests/tcg/riscv64/Makefile.softmmu-target |   8 ++
 tests/tcg/riscv64/test-zicfilp-smrnmi.S   | 117 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 127 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/tcg/riscv64/test-zicfilp-smrnmi.S

diff --git a/target/riscv/tcg/cpu_helper.c b/target/riscv/tcg/cpu_helper.c
index 07d9222652..a0d79b33a5 100644
--- a/target/riscv/tcg/cpu_helper.c
+++ b/target/riscv/tcg/cpu_helper.c
@@ -2264,23 +2264,9 @@ void riscv_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 
         src = env->sepc;
     } else {
-        /*
-         * If the hart encounters an exception while executing in M-mode
-         * with the mnstatus.NMIE bit clear, the exception is an RNMI exception.
-         */
-        nnmi_excep = cpu->cfg.ext_smrnmi &&
-                     !get_field(env->mnstatus, MNSTATUS_NMIE) &&
-                     !async;
-
-        /* handle the trap in M-mode */
-        /* save elp status */
+        /* Save ELP for MRET. */
         if (cpu_get_fcfien(env)) {
-            if (nnmi_excep) {
-                env->mnstatus = set_field(env->mnstatus, MNSTATUS_MNPELP,
-                                          env->elp);
-            } else {
-                env->mstatus = set_field(env->mstatus, MSTATUS_MPELP, env->elp);
-            }
+            env->mstatus = set_field(env->mstatus, MSTATUS_MPELP, env->elp);
         }
 
         if (riscv_has_ext(env, RVH)) {
diff --git a/tests/tcg/riscv64/Makefile.softmmu-target b/tests/tcg/riscv64/Makefile.softmmu-target
index 6a219c306c..8522c3fe6f 100644
--- a/tests/tcg/riscv64/Makefile.softmmu-target
+++ b/tests/tcg/riscv64/Makefile.softmmu-target
@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ comma:= ,
 run-test-crc32: test-crc32
 	$(call run-test, $<, $(QEMU) -cpu rv64$(comma)xlrbr=true $(QEMU_OPTS)$<)
 
+EXTRA_RUNS += run-test-zicfilp-smrnmi
+run-test-zicfilp-smrnmi: test-zicfilp-smrnmi
+	$(call run-test, $<, \
+	  $(QEMU) \
+	  -cpu rv64$(comma)zicsr=true$(comma)zicfilp=true$(comma)smrnmi=true \
+	  -global rv64-riscv-cpu.rnmi-exception-vector=0x80000100 \
+	  $(QEMU_OPTS)$<)
+
 # Zicclsm: misaligned load/store support. Assemble one source twice: the
 # default build expects every misaligned access to succeed (zicclsm=true),
 # the -DZICCLSM_DISABLED build expects every one to trap (zicclsm=false).
diff --git a/tests/tcg/riscv64/test-zicfilp-smrnmi.S b/tests/tcg/riscv64/test-zicfilp-smrnmi.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5965bf705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tcg/riscv64/test-zicfilp-smrnmi.S
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Test that an M-mode exception taken with mnstatus.NMIE clear saves ELP in
+ * mstatus.MPELP, so that it is restored by MRET.  MNPELP is reserved for the
+ * actual RNMI path, which returns with MNRET.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+ */
+
+	.option	norvc
+
+	.equ	CSR_MNSTATUS, 0x744
+	.equ	CSR_MSECCFG, 0x747
+	.equ	MNSTATUS_NMIE, 1 << 3
+	.equ	MNSTATUS_MNPELP, 1 << 9
+	.equ	MSECCFG_MLPE, 1 << 10
+	.equ	MSTATUS_MPELP, 1 << 41
+	.equ	EXCP_INST_ACCESS_FAULT, 1
+	.equ	EXCP_SW_CHECK, 18
+	.equ	SW_CHECK_FCFI_TVAL, 2
+
+	.text
+	.global	_start
+_start:
+	/* Verify that NMIE is clear before exercising the exception path. */
+	csrr	t0, CSR_MNSTATUS
+	andi	t0, t0, MNSTATUS_NMIE
+	bnez	t0, fail_nmie
+
+	/* Enable landing-pad checks in M-mode, then start a new TB. */
+	li	t0, MSECCFG_MLPE
+	csrs	CSR_MSECCFG, t0
+	j	tracked_jump
+
+tracked_jump:
+	/* Make a Zicfilp-tracked indirect jump to an address that faults. */
+	li	t1, 0
+	jalr	zero, 0(t1)
+
+	/*
+	 * The instruction access fault should have redirected to the handler.
+	 */
+	li	a0, 1
+	j	_exit
+
+fail_nmie:
+	li	a0, 6
+	j	_exit
+
+	/* Must match rnmi-exception-vector in Makefile.softmmu-target. */
+	.org	0x100
+rnmi_exception:
+	csrr	t0, mcause
+	li	t1, EXCP_INST_ACCESS_FAULT
+	beq	t0, t1, handle_fetch_fault
+	li	t1, EXCP_SW_CHECK
+	beq	t0, t1, handle_sw_check
+
+	li	a0, 4
+	j	_exit
+
+handle_fetch_fault:
+	/* This is an M-mode exception and will return with MRET. */
+	csrr	t0, mstatus
+	li	t1, MSTATUS_MPELP
+	and	t0, t0, t1
+	beqz	t0, fail_mpelp
+
+	csrr	t0, CSR_MNSTATUS
+	andi	t0, t0, MNSTATUS_MNPELP
+	bnez	t0, fail_mnpelp
+
+	lla	t0, resume_non_lpad
+	csrw	mepc, t0
+	mret
+
+resume_non_lpad:
+	/* MRET must restore ELP, so this instruction must not retire. */
+	li	a0, 1
+	j	_exit
+
+handle_sw_check:
+	csrr	t0, mtval
+	li	t1, SW_CHECK_FCFI_TVAL
+	bne	t0, t1, fail_tval
+
+	li	a0, 0
+	j	_exit
+
+fail_mpelp:
+	li	a0, 2
+	j	_exit
+
+fail_mnpelp:
+	li	a0, 3
+	j	_exit
+
+fail_tval:
+	li	a0, 5
+
+_exit:
+	lla	a1, semiargs
+	li	t0, 0x20026	/* ADP_Stopped_ApplicationExit */
+	sd	t0, 0(a1)
+	sd	a0, 8(a1)
+	li	a0, 0x20	/* TARGET_SYS_EXIT_EXTENDED */
+
+	/* Semihosting call sequence. */
+	.balign	16
+	slli	zero, zero, 0x1f
+	ebreak
+	srai	zero, zero, 0x7
+	j	.
+
+	.data
+	.balign	16
+semiargs:
+	.space	16
-- 
2.43.0



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2026-09-02  1:57 [PATCH] target/riscv: save ELP in MPELP for NMIE=0 exceptions Zephyr Li
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