[LTP] [PATCH v17 0/3] open16: allow restricted O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files

[LTP] [PATCH v17 0/3] open16: allow restricted O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files

[Wei Gao via ltp]

v16->v17:
- lib/tst_uid.c: Align tst_get_free_uid() with tst_get_free_gid_() by
  setting errno = 0 before the loop and combining the check
  (ret == skip || getpwuid(ret)).
- lib/tst_uid.c: Add TERRNO flag (TINFO | TERRNO) when reporting unused UID.
- include/tst_path_defs.h: Split PATH_FS_PROTECTED_REGULAR and
  PATH_FS_PROTECTED_FIFOS into a separate patch preceding open16.
- open16.c: Remove redundant exit(0) call at the end of verify_open().
- Add Reviewed-by tags from Petr Vorel.

Wei Gao (3):
  lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid
  lib: Add PATH_FS_PROTECTED_REGULAR and PATH_FS_PROTECTED_FIFOS
  open16: allow restricted O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files

 include/tst_path_defs.h                   |   2 +
 include/tst_uid.h                         |  14 +++
 lib/tst_uid.c                             |  26 ++++
 runtest/syscalls                          |   1 +
 testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/.gitignore |   1 +
 testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/open16.c   | 141 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 185 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/open16.c

-- 
2.55.0


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[LTP] [PATCH v17 1/3] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[Wei Gao via ltp]

Add tst_get_free_uid() to dynamically find unused UIDs for tests.

Some tests need a completely unassigned, unused UID. This is used by
open16 to verify restricted O_CREAT in sticky directories by running
as a sandboxed user with no file ownership or privileges.

Signed-off-by: Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Cervesato <andrea.cervesato@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz>
---
v16->v17:
- Align with tst_get_free_gid_() pattern: set errno = 0 before the loop
  and combine the check (ret == skip || getpwuid(ret)).
- Add TERRNO flag (TINFO | TERRNO) when reporting unused UID.
- Add Reviewed-by: Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz>.

 include/tst_uid.h | 14 ++++++++++++++
 lib/tst_uid.c     | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 40 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/tst_uid.h b/include/tst_uid.h
index 2237ddcbf..03f9dc073 100644
--- a/include/tst_uid.h
+++ b/include/tst_uid.h
@@ -7,6 +7,20 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip);
+
+/**
+ * tst_get_free_uid() - Find a UID not assigned to any user.
+ * @skip: UID value to skip (pass 0 to skip none).
+ *
+ * Scans the password database for the first unused UID starting
+ * from 1, skipping @skip. Calls tst_brk(TBROK) if no free UID
+ * is found or a lookup error occurs.
+ *
+ * Return: An unused uid_t value.
+ */
+#define tst_get_free_uid(skip) tst_get_free_uid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
+
 /*
  * Find unassigned gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
  * group of a specific user in case it's not listed in the group file. If you
diff --git a/lib/tst_uid.c b/lib/tst_uid.c
index af4ef8cf7..09a1450ca 100644
--- a/lib/tst_uid.c
+++ b/lib/tst_uid.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #define TST_NO_DEFAULT_MAIN
@@ -12,6 +13,31 @@
 #include "tst_uid.h"
 
 #define MAX_GID 32767
+#define MAX_UID 32767
+
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip)
+{
+	uid_t ret;
+
+	errno = 0;
+
+	for (ret = 1; ret < MAX_UID; ret++) {
+		if (ret == skip || getpwuid(ret))
+			continue;
+
+		if (errno == 0 || errno == ENOENT || errno == ESRCH) {
+			tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO | TERRNO,
+				"Found unused UID %d", (int)ret);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK | TERRNO, "User ID lookup failed");
+		return (uid_t)-1;
+	}
+
+	tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK, "No free user ID found");
+	return (uid_t)-1;
+}
 
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip)
 {
-- 
2.55.0


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Mailing list info: https://lists.linux.it/listinfo/ltp

Re: [LTP] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[linuxtestproject.agent]

Hi Wei,

On Tue Oct 27 02:48:59 2026 +0000, Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com> wrote:
> lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

Verdict - Reviewed

---
Note:

The agent can sometimes produce false positives although often its
findings are genuine. If you find issues with the review, please
comment this email or ignore the suggestions.

Regards,
LTP AI Reviewer

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[LTP] [PATCH v17 2/3] lib: Add PATH_FS_PROTECTED_REGULAR and PATH_FS_PROTECTED_FIFOS

[Wei Gao via ltp]

Add /proc/sys/fs/protected_regular and /proc/sys/fs/protected_fifos path
definitions to tst_path_defs.h for sysctl configuration.

These sysctls control protections against spoofing attacks when opening
regular files and FIFOs in sticky directories, and will be used by tests
verifying this behavior.

Signed-off-by: Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Cervesato <andrea.cervesato@suse.com>
---
v16->v17:
- New patch in v17: split PATH_FS_PROTECTED_* definitions from open16
  into a separate commit.

 include/tst_path_defs.h | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/tst_path_defs.h b/include/tst_path_defs.h
index ecee8d426..a0ac978e1 100644
--- a/include/tst_path_defs.h
+++ b/include/tst_path_defs.h
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@
 #define PATH_FS_PIPE_MAX_PAGES			"/proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-pages"
 #define PATH_FS_MAX_USER_GROUPS			"/proc/sys/fs/fanotify/max_user_groups"
 #define PATH_FS_MAX_USER_MARKS			"/proc/sys/fs/fanotify/max_user_marks"
+#define PATH_FS_PROTECTED_REGULAR		"/proc/sys/fs/protected_regular"
+#define PATH_FS_PROTECTED_FIFOS			"/proc/sys/fs/protected_fifos"
 
 /* VM */
 #define PATH_VM_DROP_CACHES			"/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
-- 
2.55.0


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[LTP] [PATCH v17 3/3] open16: allow restricted O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files

[Wei Gao via ltp]

Add LTP coverage for kernel commit 30aba6656f61 (Linux 4.19), which
introduced protection against spoofing attacks via O_CREAT of FIFOs
and regular files in world-writable or group-writable sticky
directories.

This commit adds test cases to verify these security restrictions
(values 1 and 2 for protected_fifos and protected_regular) for opening
FIFOs and regular files in world-writable or group-writable sticky
directories when the file is not owned by the opener.

Signed-off-by: Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Cervesato <andrea.cervesato@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz>
---
v16->v17:
- Move PATH_FS_PROTECTED_* definitions into a separate preceding commit.
- Remove redundant exit(0) call at the end of verify_open().
- Add Reviewed-by: Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz>.

 runtest/syscalls                          |   1 +
 testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/.gitignore |   1 +
 testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/open16.c   | 141 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 143 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/open16.c

diff --git a/runtest/syscalls b/runtest/syscalls
index 2bdb4a9a2..eb63511f3 100644
--- a/runtest/syscalls
+++ b/runtest/syscalls
@@ -1062,6 +1062,7 @@ open12 open12
 open13 open13
 open14 open14
 open15 open15
+open16 open16
 
 openat01 openat01
 openat02 openat02
diff --git a/testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/.gitignore b/testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/.gitignore
index af5997572..d2cacc02e 100644
--- a/testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/.gitignore
+++ b/testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/.gitignore
@@ -13,3 +13,4 @@
 /open13
 /open14
 /open15
+/open16
diff --git a/testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/open16.c b/testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/open16.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d59bac8b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testcases/kernel/syscalls/open/open16.c
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com>
+ */
+
+/*\
+ * Verify restricted opening (:manpage:`open(2)` and :manpage:`openat(2)`) of
+ * FIFOs and regular files in sticky directories. This protection is controlled via
+ * ``/proc/sys/fs/protected_fifos`` and ``/proc/sys/fs/protected_regular`` sysctl values:
+ *
+ * - When set to "0", writing/opening is unrestricted.
+ * - When set to "1", O_CREAT open on FIFOs/regular files we don't own in world-writable
+ *   sticky directories is disallowed, unless they are owned by the owner of the directory.
+ * - When set to "2", the same restriction also applies to group-writable sticky directories.
+ *
+ * This test requires root to modify ``/proc/sys/fs/protected_*`` sysctls and
+ * to manage file ownership and permissions in sticky directories.
+ */
+
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "tst_test.h"
+#include "tst_safe_file_at.h"
+#include "tst_uid.h"
+
+#define DIR "ltp_tmp_check1"
+#define TEST_FILE "test_file_1"
+#define TEST_FIFO "test_fifo_1"
+#define TEST_FIFO_PATH DIR "/" TEST_FIFO
+
+static int dir_fd = -1;
+static uid_t uid1, uid2;
+static gid_t gid1;
+
+static struct tcase {
+	int exp_errno;
+	uid_t owner_uid;
+	int use_nobody_gid;
+	mode_t dir_mode;
+} tcases[] = {
+	{
+		.dir_mode = 0777 | S_ISVTX,
+	},
+	{
+		.exp_errno = EACCES,
+		.dir_mode = 0777 | S_ISVTX,
+	},
+	{
+		.exp_errno = EACCES,
+		.owner_uid = -1,
+		.use_nobody_gid = 1,
+		.dir_mode = 0030 | S_ISVTX,
+	},
+};
+
+static void verify_open(unsigned int n)
+{
+	struct tcase *tc = &tcases[n];
+
+	SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(PATH_FS_PROTECTED_REGULAR, "%u", n);
+	SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(PATH_FS_PROTECTED_FIFOS, "%u", n);
+
+	if (tc->owner_uid != (uid_t)-1 || tc->use_nobody_gid) {
+		gid_t gid = tc->use_nobody_gid ? gid1 : 0;
+
+		SAFE_CHOWN(DIR, tc->owner_uid, gid);
+	}
+
+	if (tc->dir_mode)
+		SAFE_CHMOD(DIR, tc->dir_mode);
+
+	if (SAFE_FORK())
+		return;
+
+	SAFE_SETGID(gid1);
+	SAFE_SETUID(uid2);
+
+	TST_EXP_FD_OR_FAIL(openat(dir_fd, TEST_FILE, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0777),
+			   tc->exp_errno, "openat %s (sysctl_val=%u)", TEST_FILE, n);
+	if (TST_RET != -1)
+		SAFE_CLOSE(TST_RET);
+
+	TST_EXP_FD_OR_FAIL(open(TEST_FIFO_PATH, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0777),
+			   tc->exp_errno, "open %s (sysctl_val=%u)", TEST_FIFO, n);
+	if (TST_RET != -1)
+		SAFE_CLOSE(TST_RET);
+}
+
+static void setup(void)
+{
+	struct passwd *pw;
+
+	pw = SAFE_GETPWNAM("nobody");
+	uid1 = pw->pw_uid;
+	gid1 = pw->pw_gid;
+	uid2 = tst_get_free_uid(uid1);
+
+	umask(0);
+	SAFE_MKDIR(DIR, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
+	dir_fd = SAFE_OPEN(DIR, O_DIRECTORY);
+
+	int fd = SAFE_OPENAT(dir_fd, TEST_FILE, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0777);
+
+	SAFE_CLOSE(fd);
+	SAFE_MKFIFO(TEST_FIFO_PATH, 0777);
+	SAFE_CHOWN(TEST_FIFO_PATH, uid1, gid1);
+	SAFE_CHOWN(DIR "/" TEST_FILE, uid1, gid1);
+}
+
+static void cleanup(void)
+{
+	if (dir_fd != -1)
+		SAFE_CLOSE(dir_fd);
+}
+
+static struct tst_test test = {
+	.setup = setup,
+	.cleanup = cleanup,
+	.needs_root = 1,
+	.tcnt = ARRAY_SIZE(tcases),
+	.test = verify_open,
+	.needs_tmpdir = 1,
+	.forks_child = 1,
+	.save_restore = (const struct tst_path_val[]) {
+		{PATH_FS_PROTECTED_REGULAR, NULL, TST_SR_TCONF},
+		{PATH_FS_PROTECTED_FIFOS, NULL, TST_SR_TCONF},
+		{}
+	},
+	.tags = (const struct tst_tag[]) {
+		{"linux-git", "30aba6656f61"},
+		{"CVE", "2000-1134"},
+		{"CVE", "2007-3852"},
+		{"CVE", "2008-0525"},
+		{"CVE", "2009-0416"},
+		{"CVE", "2011-4834"},
+		{"CVE", "2015-1838"},
+		{"CVE", "2015-7442"},
+		{"CVE", "2016-7489"},
+		{}
+	}
+};
-- 
2.55.0


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[LTP] [PATCH v16 1/2] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[Wei Gao via ltp]

Add tst_get_free_uid() to dynamically find unused UIDs for tests.

Some tests need a completely unassigned, unused UID. This is used by
open16 to verify restricted O_CREAT in sticky directories by running
as a sandboxed user with no file ownership or privileges.

Signed-off-by: Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Cervesato <andrea.cervesato@suse.com>
---
 include/tst_uid.h | 14 ++++++++++++++
 lib/tst_uid.c     | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/tst_uid.h b/include/tst_uid.h
index 2237ddcbf..03f9dc073 100644
--- a/include/tst_uid.h
+++ b/include/tst_uid.h
@@ -7,6 +7,20 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip);
+
+/**
+ * tst_get_free_uid() - Find a UID not assigned to any user.
+ * @skip: UID value to skip (pass 0 to skip none).
+ *
+ * Scans the password database for the first unused UID starting
+ * from 1, skipping @skip. Calls tst_brk(TBROK) if no free UID
+ * is found or a lookup error occurs.
+ *
+ * Return: An unused uid_t value.
+ */
+#define tst_get_free_uid(skip) tst_get_free_uid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
+
 /*
  * Find unassigned gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
  * group of a specific user in case it's not listed in the group file. If you
diff --git a/lib/tst_uid.c b/lib/tst_uid.c
index b0b087362..47c267bc4 100644
--- a/lib/tst_uid.c
+++ b/lib/tst_uid.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #define TST_NO_DEFAULT_MAIN
@@ -12,6 +13,33 @@
 #include "tst_uid.h"
 
 #define MAX_GID 32767
+#define MAX_UID 32767
+
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip)
+{
+	uid_t ret;
+
+	for (ret = 1; ret < MAX_UID; ret++) {
+		if (ret == skip)
+			continue;
+
+		errno = 0;
+		if (getpwuid(ret))
+			continue;
+
+		if (errno == 0 || errno == ENOENT || errno == ESRCH) {
+			tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO,
+				"Found unused UID %d", (int)ret);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK | TERRNO, "User ID lookup failed");
+		return (uid_t)-1;
+	}
+
+	tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK, "No free user ID found");
+	return (uid_t)-1;
+}
 
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip)
 {
-- 
2.55.0


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Mailing list info: https://lists.linux.it/listinfo/ltp

Re: [LTP] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[linuxtestproject.agent]

Hi Wei,

On 22 Oct 2026, Wei Gao wrote:
> lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

Verdict - Reviewed

Runtime validation was not performed because access to the required
sysctls was denied.

---
Note:

The agent can sometimes produce false positives although often its
findings are genuine. If you find issues with the review, please
comment this email or ignore the suggestions.

Regards,
LTP AI Reviewer

-- 
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[LTP] [PATCH v11 1/2] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[Wei Gao via ltp]

Add tst_get_free_uid() to dynamically find unused UIDs for tests.

Some tests need a completely unassigned, unused UID. This is used by
open16 to verify restricted O_CREAT in sticky directories by running
as a sandboxed user with no file ownership or privileges.

Signed-off-by: Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com>
---
 include/tst_uid.h | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 lib/tst_uid.c     | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/tst_uid.h b/include/tst_uid.h
index 2237ddcbf..c73450956 100644
--- a/include/tst_uid.h
+++ b/include/tst_uid.h
@@ -7,12 +7,33 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-/*
- * Find unassigned gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
- * group of a specific user in case it's not listed in the group file. If you
- * do not need to skip any specific gid, simply set it to 0.
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip);
+
+/**
+ * tst_get_free_uid() - Find a UID not assigned to any user.
+ * @skip: UID value to skip (pass 0 to skip none).
+ *
+ * Scans the password database for the first unused UID starting
+ * from 1, skipping @skip. Calls tst_brk(TBROK) if no free UID
+ * is found or a lookup error occurs.
+ *
+ * Return: An unused uid_t value.
  */
+#define tst_get_free_uid(skip) tst_get_free_uid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
+
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip);
+
+/**
+ * tst_get_free_gid() - Find a GID not assigned to any group.
+ * @skip: GID value to skip (pass 0 to skip none).
+ *
+ * Scans the group database for the first unused GID starting from 1,
+ * skipping @skip. The @skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
+ * group of a specific user in case it's not listed in the group file.
+ * Calls tst_brk(TBROK) if no free GID is found or a lookup error occurs.
+ *
+ * Return: An unused gid_t value.
+ */
 #define tst_get_free_gid(skip) tst_get_free_gid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
 
 /*
diff --git a/lib/tst_uid.c b/lib/tst_uid.c
index af4ef8cf7..47c267bc4 100644
--- a/lib/tst_uid.c
+++ b/lib/tst_uid.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #define TST_NO_DEFAULT_MAIN
@@ -12,6 +13,33 @@
 #include "tst_uid.h"
 
 #define MAX_GID 32767
+#define MAX_UID 32767
+
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip)
+{
+	uid_t ret;
+
+	for (ret = 1; ret < MAX_UID; ret++) {
+		if (ret == skip)
+			continue;
+
+		errno = 0;
+		if (getpwuid(ret))
+			continue;
+
+		if (errno == 0 || errno == ENOENT || errno == ESRCH) {
+			tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO,
+				"Found unused UID %d", (int)ret);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK | TERRNO, "User ID lookup failed");
+		return (uid_t)-1;
+	}
+
+	tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK, "No free user ID found");
+	return (uid_t)-1;
+}
 
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip)
 {
@@ -24,7 +52,7 @@ gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip)
 			continue;
 
 		if (errno == 0 || errno == ENOENT || errno == ESRCH) {
-			tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO | TERRNO,
+			tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO,
 				"Found unused GID %d", (int)ret);
 			return ret;
 		}
-- 
2.54.0


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Re: [LTP] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[linuxtestproject.agent]

Hi Wei,

On Tue, 21 Jul 2026 07:41:28 +0000, Wei Gao wrote:
> lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

--- [PATCH 1/2] ---

> -		tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO | TERRNO,
> +		tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO,
>  			"Found unused GID %d", (int)ret);

This hunk is a fix to the existing tst_get_free_gid_() success path --
removing | TERRNO so errno is not printed when a free GID is found.

That is a reasonable fix on its own, but it has no relationship to the
new tst_get_free_uid() API that the commit message describes. The commit
message does not mention it.

Could these be split into two patches?

  1/3  lib/tst_uid: Remove spurious TERRNO from tst_get_free_gid success path
  2/3  lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid
  3/3  open16: allow restricted O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files

Verdict - Needs revision

---
Note:

The agent can sometimes produce false positives although often its
findings are genuine. If you find issues with the review, please
comment this email or ignore the suggestions.

Regards,
LTP AI Reviewer

-- 
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[LTP] [PATCH v10 1/2] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[Wei Gao via ltp]

Add tst_get_free_uid() to dynamically find unused UIDs for tests.

Some tests need a completely unassigned, unused UID. This is used by
open16 to verify restricted O_CREAT in sticky directories by running
as a sandboxed user with no file ownership or privileges.

Signed-off-by: Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com>
---
 include/tst_uid.h | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++----
 lib/tst_uid.c     | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/tst_uid.h b/include/tst_uid.h
index 2237ddcbf..2ffe84613 100644
--- a/include/tst_uid.h
+++ b/include/tst_uid.h
@@ -7,10 +7,29 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-/*
- * Find unassigned gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
- * group of a specific user in case it's not listed in the group file. If you
- * do not need to skip any specific gid, simply set it to 0.
+/**
+ * tst_get_free_uid() - Find a UID not assigned to any user.
+ * @skip: UID value to skip (pass 0 to skip none).
+ *
+ * Scans the password database for the first unused UID starting
+ * from 1, skipping @skip. Calls tst_brk(TBROK) if no free UID
+ * is found or a lookup error occurs.
+ *
+ * Return: An unused uid_t value.
+ */
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip);
+#define tst_get_free_uid(skip) tst_get_free_uid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
+
+/**
+ * tst_get_free_gid() - Find a GID not assigned to any group.
+ * @skip: GID value to skip (pass 0 to skip none).
+ *
+ * Scans the group database for the first unused GID starting from 1,
+ * skipping @skip. The @skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
+ * group of a specific user in case it's not listed in the group file.
+ * Calls tst_brk(TBROK) if no free GID is found or a lookup error occurs.
+ *
+ * Return: An unused gid_t value.
  */
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip);
 #define tst_get_free_gid(skip) tst_get_free_gid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
diff --git a/lib/tst_uid.c b/lib/tst_uid.c
index af4ef8cf7..93c9b83d2 100644
--- a/lib/tst_uid.c
+++ b/lib/tst_uid.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #define TST_NO_DEFAULT_MAIN
@@ -12,6 +13,33 @@
 #include "tst_uid.h"
 
 #define MAX_GID 32767
+#define MAX_UID 32767
+
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip)
+{
+	uid_t ret;
+
+	for (ret = 1; ret < MAX_UID; ret++) {
+		if (ret == skip)
+			continue;
+
+		errno = 0;
+		if (getpwuid(ret))
+			continue;
+
+		if (errno == 0 || errno == ENOENT || errno == ESRCH) {
+			tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO | TERRNO,
+				"Found unused UID %d", (int)ret);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK | TERRNO, "User ID lookup failed");
+		return (uid_t)-1;
+	}
+
+	tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK, "No free user ID found");
+	return (uid_t)-1;
+}
 
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip)
 {
-- 
2.54.0


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Re: [LTP] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[linuxtestproject.agent]

Hi Wei,

On Tue, 7 Jul 2026 05:47:53 +0000, Wei Gao wrote:
> lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

--- [PATCH 1/2] ---

> +/**
> + * tst_get_free_uid() - Find a UID not assigned to any user.
> + * @skip: UID value to skip (pass 0 to skip none).

The summary line says tst_get_free_uid() but the symbol being declared
is tst_get_free_uid_(). linuxdoc requires the summary name to match the
symbol exactly, so it would fail to associate this /** block with the
implementation.

Should this be "tst_get_free_uid_() - ..." to match the symbol, or is
the intent to document the macro tst_get_free_uid() instead?

Same issue applies to the modified tst_get_free_gid() summary below.

> +uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip);

The function has three parameters but the kernel-doc block only documents
@skip. linuxdoc expects an @name: entry for every parameter in declaration
order. @file and @lineno are missing.

Same gap in the modified tst_get_free_gid_() block.

> +		if (errno == 0 || errno == ENOENT || errno == ESRCH) {
> +			tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO | TERRNO,
> +				"Found unused UID %d", (int)ret);
> +			return ret;

When getpwuid() returns NULL with errno set to ENOENT or ESRCH, TERRNO
appends the errno string to the message, producing output like:
"Found unused UID 5: No such file or directory". The function succeeded,
so the error string is misleading. Should TERRNO be dropped here, or
should it be conditionally omitted when errno indicates "not found"?

--- [PATCH 2/2] ---

> +Add LTP coverage for kernel commit 30aba6656f61 (Linux 4.19), which
> +introduced protection against spoofing attacks via O_CREAT of FIFOs and
> +regular files in world-writable sticky directories.
> +
> +This commit adds test cases to verify these security restrictions for
> +opening FIFOs and regular files in world-writable sticky directories.

tcase[2] uses dir_mode=0030|SVTX (group-writable sticky, level 2), which
the commit body doesn't mention. The test's own doc block describes both
"world-writable (level 1) or group-writable (level 2)" correctly — does
the body need updating to match?

Verdict - Needs revision

---
Note:

The agent can sometimes produce false positives although often its
findings are genuine. If you find issues with the review, please
comment this email or ignore the suggestions.

Regards,
LTP AI Reviewer

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[LTP] [PATCH v9 1/2] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[Wei Gao via ltp]

Add tst_get_free_uid() to dynamically find unused UIDs for tests.

Signed-off-by: Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com>
---
 include/tst_uid.h |  7 +++++--
 lib/tst_uid.c     | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/tst_uid.h b/include/tst_uid.h
index 2237ddcbf..394cb3edc 100644
--- a/include/tst_uid.h
+++ b/include/tst_uid.h
@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 /*
- * Find unassigned gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
+ * Find unassigned uid/gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
  * group of a specific user in case it's not listed in the group file. If you
- * do not need to skip any specific gid, simply set it to 0.
+ * do not need to skip any specific id, simply set it to 0.
  */
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip);
+#define tst_get_free_uid(skip) tst_get_free_uid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
+
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip);
 #define tst_get_free_gid(skip) tst_get_free_gid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
 
diff --git a/lib/tst_uid.c b/lib/tst_uid.c
index af4ef8cf7..deff17085 100644
--- a/lib/tst_uid.c
+++ b/lib/tst_uid.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #define TST_NO_DEFAULT_MAIN
@@ -12,6 +13,31 @@
 #include "tst_uid.h"
 
 #define MAX_GID 32767
+#define MAX_UID 32767
+
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip)
+{
+	uid_t ret;
+
+	errno = 0;
+
+	for (ret = 1; ret < MAX_UID; ret++) {
+		if (ret == skip || getpwuid(ret))
+			continue;
+
+		if (errno == 0 || errno == ENOENT || errno == ESRCH) {
+			tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO | TERRNO,
+				"Found unused UID %d", (int)ret);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK|TERRNO, "User ID lookup failed");
+		return (uid_t)-1;
+	}
+
+	tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK, "No free user ID found");
+	return (uid_t)-1;
+}
 
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip)
 {
-- 
2.54.0


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Re: [LTP] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[linuxtestproject.agent]

Hi Wei,

On Tue, 07 Jul 2026 02:29:41 +0000, Wei Gao wrote:
> lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

--- [PATCH 1/2] ---

> Add tst_get_free_uid() to dynamically find unused UIDs for tests.

The body restates what the subject already says.  What scenario or
test requires a dynamically allocated free UID that tst_get_uids()
cannot cover?

> +uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip);
> +#define tst_get_free_uid(skip) tst_get_free_uid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))

tst_get_free_uid_() is a new public function in lib/ and include/.
LTP documentation rules require a kernel-doc /** ... */ comment for
new public symbols there.  Something like:

  /**
   * tst_get_free_uid() - Find a UID not assigned to any user.
   * @skip: UID value to skip (pass 0 to skip none).
   *
   * Scans the password database for the first unused UID starting
   * from 1, skipping @skip.  Calls tst_brk(TBROK) if no free UID
   * is found or a lookup error occurs.
   *
   * Return: An unused uid_t value.
   */

> - * Find unassigned gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
> + * Find unassigned uid/gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
>   * group of a specific user in case it's not listed in the group file. If you
> - * do not need to skip any specific gid, simply set it to 0.
> + * do not need to skip any specific id, simply set it to 0.

"not listed in the group file" applies to GIDs only.  UIDs live in
the password database (/etc/passwd or NSS passwd).  The comment
should say "password or group file", or be split per-function.

> +uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip)
> +{
> +	uid_t ret;
> +
> +	errno = 0;
> +
> +	for (ret = 1; ret < MAX_UID; ret++) {
> +		if (ret == skip || getpwuid(ret))
> +			continue;
> +
> +		if (errno == 0 || errno == ENOENT || errno == ESRCH) {

POSIX requires callers to set errno = 0 before each call to
getpwuid() so that a NULL return with non-zero errno means error
rather than "entry not found".  The reset here is done once before
the loop.  If a successful getpwuid() call for an earlier UID leaves
errno non-zero (POSIX does not guarantee it is cleared on success),
the next NULL-returning call could be misclassified as an error and
trigger the tst_brk() path below.

A per-iteration reset:

  errno = 0;
  if (ret == skip || getpwuid(ret))
      continue;

would match the POSIX-recommended pattern and make the intent clear.

Verdict - Needs revision

Pre-existing issues:

tst_get_free_gid_() in lib/tst_uid.c has the same errno-reset issue
described above (errno set once before the loop, not before each
getgrgid() call).

---
Note:

The agent can sometimes produce false positives although often its
findings are genuine. If you find issues with the review, please
comment this email or ignore the suggestions.

Regards,
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[LTP] [PATCH v8 1/2] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[Wei Gao via ltp]

Add tst_get_free_uid() to dynamically find unused UIDs for tests.

Signed-off-by: Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com>
---
 include/tst_uid.h |  7 +++++--
 lib/tst_uid.c     | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/tst_uid.h b/include/tst_uid.h
index 2237ddcbf..394cb3edc 100644
--- a/include/tst_uid.h
+++ b/include/tst_uid.h
@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 /*
- * Find unassigned gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
+ * Find unassigned uid/gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
  * group of a specific user in case it's not listed in the group file. If you
- * do not need to skip any specific gid, simply set it to 0.
+ * do not need to skip any specific id, simply set it to 0.
  */
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip);
+#define tst_get_free_uid(skip) tst_get_free_uid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
+
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip);
 #define tst_get_free_gid(skip) tst_get_free_gid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
 
diff --git a/lib/tst_uid.c b/lib/tst_uid.c
index af4ef8cf7..deff17085 100644
--- a/lib/tst_uid.c
+++ b/lib/tst_uid.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #define TST_NO_DEFAULT_MAIN
@@ -12,6 +13,31 @@
 #include "tst_uid.h"
 
 #define MAX_GID 32767
+#define MAX_UID 32767
+
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip)
+{
+	uid_t ret;
+
+	errno = 0;
+
+	for (ret = 1; ret < MAX_UID; ret++) {
+		if (ret == skip || getpwuid(ret))
+			continue;
+
+		if (errno == 0 || errno == ENOENT || errno == ESRCH) {
+			tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO | TERRNO,
+				"Found unused UID %d", (int)ret);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK|TERRNO, "User ID lookup failed");
+		return (uid_t)-1;
+	}
+
+	tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK, "No free user ID found");
+	return (uid_t)-1;
+}
 
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip)
 {
-- 
2.52.0


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Re: [LTP] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[linuxtestproject.agent]

Hi Wei,

On Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:55:23 +0000, Wei Gao via ltp wrote:
> [PATCH 2/2] open16: allow restricted O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files
>
> This commit adds test cases to verify the security restrictions for opening
> FIFOs and regular files in world-writable sticky directories.

The body only describes what the test does, not why it is being added.
State the motivation explicitly, e.g. "Add LTP coverage for kernel commit
30aba6656f61 (Linux 4.19), which introduced protection against spoofing
attacks via O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files in world-writable sticky
directories."

[...]

Regards,
LTP AI Reviewer

---
Note:

Our agent completed the review of the patch.

The agent can sometimes produce false positives although often its
findings are genuine. If you find issues with the review, please
comment this email or ignore the suggestions.

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Re: [LTP] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[Wei Gao via ltp]

On Thu, Apr 16, 2026 at 02:43:24AM +0000, linuxtestproject.agent@gmail.com wrote:
> Hi Wei,
> 
> On Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:55:23 +0000, Wei Gao via ltp wrote:
> > [PATCH 2/2] open16: allow restricted O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files
> >
> > This commit adds test cases to verify the security restrictions for opening
> > FIFOs and regular files in world-writable sticky directories.
> 
> The body only describes what the test does, not why it is being added.
> State the motivation explicitly, e.g. "Add LTP coverage for kernel commit
> 30aba6656f61 (Linux 4.19), which introduced protection against spoofing
> attacks via O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files in world-writable sticky
> directories."
Patchset cover letter and the tags within the test code (which already reference
linux-git 30aba6656f61) clearly established the purpose
> 
> [...]
> 
> Regards,
> LTP AI Reviewer
> 
> ---
> Note:
> 
> Our agent completed the review of the patch.
> 
> The agent can sometimes produce false positives although often its
> findings are genuine. If you find issues with the review, please
> comment this email or ignore the suggestions.

-- 
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[LTP] [PATCH v7 1/2] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[Wei Gao via ltp]

Add tst_get_free_uid() to dynamically find unused UIDs for tests.

Signed-off-by: Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com>
---
 include/tst_uid.h |  7 +++++--
 lib/tst_uid.c     | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/tst_uid.h b/include/tst_uid.h
index 2237ddcbf..394cb3edc 100644
--- a/include/tst_uid.h
+++ b/include/tst_uid.h
@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 /*
- * Find unassigned gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
+ * Find unassigned uid/gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
  * group of a specific user in case it's not listed in the group file. If you
- * do not need to skip any specific gid, simply set it to 0.
+ * do not need to skip any specific id, simply set it to 0.
  */
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip);
+#define tst_get_free_uid(skip) tst_get_free_uid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
+
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip);
 #define tst_get_free_gid(skip) tst_get_free_gid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
 
diff --git a/lib/tst_uid.c b/lib/tst_uid.c
index af4ef8cf7..deff17085 100644
--- a/lib/tst_uid.c
+++ b/lib/tst_uid.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #define TST_NO_DEFAULT_MAIN
@@ -12,6 +13,31 @@
 #include "tst_uid.h"
 
 #define MAX_GID 32767
+#define MAX_UID 32767
+
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip)
+{
+	uid_t ret;
+
+	errno = 0;
+
+	for (ret = 1; ret < MAX_UID; ret++) {
+		if (ret == skip || getpwuid(ret))
+			continue;
+
+		if (errno == 0 || errno == ENOENT || errno == ESRCH) {
+			tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO | TERRNO,
+				"Found unused UID %d", (int)ret);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK|TERRNO, "User ID lookup failed");
+		return (uid_t)-1;
+	}
+
+	tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK, "No free user ID found");
+	return (uid_t)-1;
+}
 
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip)
 {
-- 
2.52.0


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Re: [LTP] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[linuxtestproject.agent]

Hi Wei,

On Wed, 15 Apr 2026, Wei Gao wrote:
> open16: allow restricted O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files

--- [PATCH 2/2] ---

On Wed, 15 Apr 2026, Wei Gao wrote:
> open16: allow restricted O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files

> +	SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(PROTECTED_REGULAR, "2");
> +	SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(PROTECTED_FIFOS, "2");
> +	SAFE_CHMOD(DIR, 0020 | S_ISVTX);
> +
> +	if (!SAFE_FORK()) {
> +		SAFE_SETUID(uid2);
> +		TST_EXP_FAIL(openat(dir_fd, TEST_FILE, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0777), EACCES);
> +		TST_EXP_FAIL(open(TEST_FIFO_PATH, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0777), EACCES);

uid2 is a free (unused) UID with no group memberships. With mode 0020|S_ISVTX
the "other" bits are 0, so the kernel's DAC check rejects openat/open before
reaching the protected_regular/protected_fifos logic in may_open(). EACCES
fires for the wrong reason.

For a valid level-2 test the directory needs group-execute and group-write
(e.g. 0770|S_ISVTX), and uid2 must be placed in the directory's owning group
so it can access the directory but is still blocked by the protection check.

---
Note:

Our agent completed the review of the patch. The full review can be
found at: <review_url>

The agent can sometimes produce false positives although often its
findings are genuine. If you find issues with the review, please
comment this email or ignore the suggestions.

Regards,
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[LTP] [PATCH v6 1/2] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[Wei Gao via ltp]

Signed-off-by: Wei Gao <wegao@suse.com>
---
 include/tst_uid.h |  7 +++++--
 lib/tst_uid.c     | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/tst_uid.h b/include/tst_uid.h
index 2237ddcbf..394cb3edc 100644
--- a/include/tst_uid.h
+++ b/include/tst_uid.h
@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 /*
- * Find unassigned gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
+ * Find unassigned uid/gid. The skip argument can be used to ignore e.g. the main
  * group of a specific user in case it's not listed in the group file. If you
- * do not need to skip any specific gid, simply set it to 0.
+ * do not need to skip any specific id, simply set it to 0.
  */
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip);
+#define tst_get_free_uid(skip) tst_get_free_uid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
+
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip);
 #define tst_get_free_gid(skip) tst_get_free_gid_(__FILE__, __LINE__, (skip))
 
diff --git a/lib/tst_uid.c b/lib/tst_uid.c
index af4ef8cf7..deff17085 100644
--- a/lib/tst_uid.c
+++ b/lib/tst_uid.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #define TST_NO_DEFAULT_MAIN
@@ -12,6 +13,31 @@
 #include "tst_uid.h"
 
 #define MAX_GID 32767
+#define MAX_UID 32767
+
+uid_t tst_get_free_uid_(const char *file, const int lineno, uid_t skip)
+{
+	uid_t ret;
+
+	errno = 0;
+
+	for (ret = 1; ret < MAX_UID; ret++) {
+		if (ret == skip || getpwuid(ret))
+			continue;
+
+		if (errno == 0 || errno == ENOENT || errno == ESRCH) {
+			tst_res_(file, lineno, TINFO | TERRNO,
+				"Found unused UID %d", (int)ret);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK|TERRNO, "User ID lookup failed");
+		return (uid_t)-1;
+	}
+
+	tst_brk_(file, lineno, TBROK, "No free user ID found");
+	return (uid_t)-1;
+}
 
 gid_t tst_get_free_gid_(const char *file, const int lineno, gid_t skip)
 {
-- 
2.52.0


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Re: [LTP] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

[linuxtestproject.agent]

Hi Wei,

--- [PATCH 1/2] ---

On Wed, 15 Apr 2026 06:07:16 +0000, Wei Gao wrote:
> [PATCH 1/2] lib: New library function tst_get_free_uid

The commit body is empty. Add at least one sentence explaining why
this helper is needed — e.g. that open16 requires two distinct
unprivileged UIDs and that this extends the existing tst_get_free_gid
pattern to UIDs.

--- [PATCH 2/2] ---

On Wed, 15 Apr 2026 06:07:17 +0000, Wei Gao wrote:
> [PATCH 2/2] open16: allow restricted O_CREAT of FIFOs and regular files

Same issue — no commit body. Describe what kernel feature is under
test (protected_regular/protected_fifos, kernel commit 30aba6656f61)
and why a dedicated test was needed.

> +/*\
> + * Verify disallows open of FIFOs or regular files not owned by the user in world
> + * writable sticky directories
> + */

Incomplete. The test also verifies the positive case (protection=0
allows access) and level 2 protection (group-writable sticky
directories via SAFE_CHMOD(DIR, 0020|S_ISVTX)). Update the doc
comment to cover all three scenarios.

---
Note:

Our agent completed the review of the patch. The full review can be
found at: https://github.com/linux-test-project/ltp-agent/actions/runs/24442661607

The agent can sometimes produce false positives although often its
findings are genuine. If you find issues with the review, please
comment this email or ignore the suggestions.

Regards,
LTP AI Reviewer

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