[PATCH 1/2] rust: scatterlist: tie owned tables to the device's bound lifetime

[PATCH 1/2] rust: scatterlist: tie owned tables to the device's bound lifetime

[Danilo Krummrich]

Add a lifetime parameter to Owned that ties owned scatter-gather tables
to the device's bound scope, ensuring their DMA mappings are released
before the device is unbound.

The DMA mapping currently holds a pointer into Owned, requiring the
table to stay at a fixed address and its cleanup to be ordered around
the device-managed mapping.

Let DmaMappedSgt own RawSGTable and borrow Device<Bound>. Its destructor
unmaps the entries before RawSGTable frees them, and Owned releases the
backing pages last. This removes the internal pointer and makes the
mapping constructor safe without a self-reference.

Carry the device lifetime through Owned and its users. Remove pin
initialization from Owned and SGTable, return tables by value, and update
the callers accordingly.

Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
---
 drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/radix3.rs |  29 +++--
 rust/kernel/scatterlist.rs               | 141 ++++++++---------------
 samples/rust/rust_dma.rs                 |  11 +-
 3 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/radix3.rs b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/radix3.rs
index 94235bd1209d..a3e43fc8ec86 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/radix3.rs
+++ b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/radix3.rs
@@ -35,14 +35,11 @@
 #[pin_data]
 pub(crate) struct Radix3<'a> {
     /// The mapped data.
-    #[pin]
-    data: SGTable<Owned<VVec<u8>>>,
+    data: SGTable<Owned<'a, VVec<u8>>>,
     /// Level 2: one entry per page of `data`.
-    #[pin]
-    level2: SGTable<Owned<VVec<u8>>>,
+    level2: SGTable<Owned<'a, VVec<u8>>>,
     /// Level 1: one entry per page of `level2`.
-    #[pin]
-    level1: SGTable<Owned<VVec<u8>>>,
+    level1: SGTable<Owned<'a, VVec<u8>>>,
     /// Level 0: one page, whose single entry is the DMA address of the first `level1` page.
     level0: Coherent<'a, [u64]>,
     /// Length of `data`, in bytes.
@@ -59,14 +56,14 @@ pub(crate) fn new(
 
         pin_init::pin_init_scope(move || {
             Ok(try_pin_init!(Self {
-                data <- SGTable::new(dev, data, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL),
-                level2 <- {
-                    build_lvl(&data)
-                        .map(|l2| SGTable::new(dev, l2, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL))?
+                data: SGTable::new(dev, data, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL)?,
+                level2: {
+                    let l2 = build_lvl(data)?;
+                    SGTable::new(dev, l2, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL)?
                 },
-                level1 <- {
-                    build_lvl(&level2)
-                        .map(|l1| SGTable::new(dev, l1, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL))?
+                level1: {
+                    let l1 = build_lvl(level2)?;
+                    SGTable::new(dev, l1, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL)?
                 },
                 level0: {
                     // Allocate the level 0 page table as a device-visible DMA object, and map the
@@ -81,7 +78,7 @@ pub(crate) fn new(
                     let mut level0 = CoherentBox::<'_, [u64]>::zeroed_slice(
                         dev,
                         GSP_PAGE_SIZE / size_of::<u64>(),
-                        GFP_KERNEL
+                        GFP_KERNEL,
                     )?;
                     level0[0] = level1_entry_addr.to_le();
 
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ pub(crate) fn size(&self) -> usize {
 
 /// Returns the size of the level that maps `sg_table`: one `u64` entry per [`GSP_PAGE_SIZE`]
 /// page of each DMA-mapped region, rounded up to whole pages.
-fn lvl_size(sg_table: &SGTable<Owned<VVec<u8>>>) -> usize {
+fn lvl_size(sg_table: &SGTable<Owned<'_, VVec<u8>>>) -> usize {
     let entries: usize = sg_table
         .iter()
         .map(|sg_entry| usize::from_safe_cast(sg_entry.dma_len()).div_ceil(GSP_PAGE_SIZE))
@@ -122,7 +119,7 @@ fn lvl_size(sg_table: &SGTable<Owned<VVec<u8>>>) -> usize {
 ///
 /// - `ENOMEM` if the level cannot be allocated.
 /// - `EINVAL` if `sg_table` yields more entries than [`lvl_size`] sized the level for.
-fn build_lvl(sg_table: &SGTable<Owned<VVec<u8>>>) -> Result<VVec<u8>> {
+fn build_lvl(sg_table: &SGTable<Owned<'_, VVec<u8>>>) -> Result<VVec<u8>> {
     let mut dst = VVec::<u8>::zeroed(lvl_size(sg_table), GFP_KERNEL).map_err(|_| ENOMEM)?;
     let mut entries = dst.chunks_exact_mut(size_of::<u64>());
 
diff --git a/rust/kernel/scatterlist.rs b/rust/kernel/scatterlist.rs
index 6379a8748117..93f431d7f548 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/scatterlist.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/scatterlist.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
 //! The main entry point is the [`SGTable`] type, which represents a complete scatter-gather table.
 //! It can be either:
 //!
-//! - An owned table ([`SGTable<Owned<P>>`]), created from a Rust memory buffer (e.g., [`VVec`]).
+//! - An owned table ([`SGTable<Owned<'a, P>>`]), created from a Rust memory buffer (e.g.,
+//!   [`VVec`]) and tied to the [`Device<Bound>`] lifetime.
 //!   This type manages the allocation of the `struct sg_table`, the DMA mapping of the buffer, and
 //!   the automatic cleanup of all resources.
 //! - A borrowed reference (&[`SGTable`]), which provides safe, read-only access to a table that was
@@ -33,15 +34,13 @@
     alloc::allocator::VmallocPageIter,
     bindings,
     device::{Bound, Device},
-    devres::Devres,
     dma,
     error,
     page,
     prelude::*,
-    sync::aref::ARef,
     types::Opaque, //
 };
-use core::{ops::Deref, ptr::NonNull};
+use core::ops::Deref;
 
 /// A single entry in a scatter-gather list.
 ///
@@ -123,9 +122,7 @@ unsafe impl Sync for Borrowed {}
 ///
 /// All [`SGTable`] variants can be iterated over the individual [`SGEntry`]s.
 #[repr(transparent)]
-#[pin_data]
 pub struct SGTable<T: private::Sealed = Borrowed> {
-    #[pin]
     inner: T,
 }
 
@@ -177,63 +174,41 @@ pub fn iter(&self) -> SGTableIter<'_> {
 ///
 /// # Invariants
 ///
-/// - `sgt` is a valid pointer to a `struct sg_table` for the entire lifetime of the
-///   [`DmaMappedSgt`].
 /// - `sgt` is always DMA mapped.
-struct DmaMappedSgt {
-    sgt: NonNull<bindings::sg_table>,
-    dev: ARef<Device>,
+struct DmaMappedSgt<'a> {
+    dev: &'a Device<Bound>,
+    sgt: RawSGTable,
     dir: dma::DataDirection,
 }
 
-// SAFETY: `DmaMappedSgt` can be sent to any task.
-unsafe impl Send for DmaMappedSgt {}
-
-// SAFETY: `DmaMappedSgt` has no interior mutability and can be accessed concurrently.
-unsafe impl Sync for DmaMappedSgt {}
-
-impl DmaMappedSgt {
-    /// # Safety
-    ///
-    /// - `sgt` must be a valid pointer to a `struct sg_table` for the entire lifetime of the
-    ///   returned [`DmaMappedSgt`].
-    /// - The caller must guarantee that `sgt` remains DMA mapped for the entire lifetime of
-    ///   [`DmaMappedSgt`].
-    unsafe fn new(
-        sgt: NonNull<bindings::sg_table>,
-        dev: &Device<Bound>,
-        dir: dma::DataDirection,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
+impl<'a> DmaMappedSgt<'a> {
+    /// Takes ownership of `sgt` and maps it for DMA.
+    fn new(dev: &'a Device<Bound>, sgt: RawSGTable, dir: dma::DataDirection) -> Result<Self> {
         // SAFETY:
         // - `dev.as_raw()` is a valid pointer to a `struct device`, which is guaranteed to be
         //   bound to a driver for the duration of this call.
-        // - `sgt` is a valid pointer to a `struct sg_table`.
+        // - `sgt.as_raw()` is a valid pointer to a `struct sg_table`.
         error::to_result(unsafe {
-            bindings::dma_map_sgtable(dev.as_raw(), sgt.as_ptr(), dir.into(), 0)
+            bindings::dma_map_sgtable(dev.as_raw(), sgt.as_raw(), dir.into(), 0)
         })?;
 
-        // INVARIANT: By the safety requirements of this function it is guaranteed that `sgt` is
-        // valid for the entire lifetime of this object instance.
-        Ok(Self {
-            sgt,
-            dev: dev.into(),
-            dir,
-        })
+        // INVARIANT: `sgt` was successfully DMA mapped and is owned by this object until drop.
+        Ok(Self { dev, sgt, dir })
     }
 }
 
-impl Drop for DmaMappedSgt {
+impl Drop for DmaMappedSgt<'_> {
     #[inline]
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         // SAFETY:
         // - `self.dev.as_raw()` is a pointer to a valid `struct device`.
         // - `self.dev` is the same device the mapping has been created for in `Self::new()`.
-        // - `self.sgt.as_ptr()` is a valid pointer to a `struct sg_table` by the type invariants
-        //   of `Self`.
+        // - `self.sgt.as_raw()` is a valid pointer to a `struct sg_table` for the lifetime of
+        //   `self`.
         // - `self.dir` is the same `dma::DataDirection` the mapping has been created with in
         //   `Self::new()`.
         unsafe {
-            bindings::dma_unmap_sgtable(self.dev.as_raw(), self.sgt.as_ptr(), self.dir.into(), 0)
+            bindings::dma_unmap_sgtable(self.dev.as_raw(), self.sgt.as_raw(), self.dir.into(), 0)
         };
     }
 }
@@ -308,38 +283,27 @@ fn drop(&mut self) {
 ///
 /// - The backing memory pages.
 /// - The `struct sg_table` allocation (`sgt`).
-/// - The DMA mapping, managed through a [`Devres`]-managed `DmaMappedSgt`.
+/// - The DMA mapping, released before the table and backing pages are freed.
 ///
 /// Users interact with this type through the [`SGTable`] handle and do not need to manage
 /// [`Owned`] directly.
-#[pin_data]
-pub struct Owned<P> {
+pub struct Owned<'a, P> {
     // Note: The drop order is relevant; we first have to unmap the `struct sg_table`, then free the
     // `struct sg_table` and finally free the backing pages.
-    #[pin]
-    dma: Devres<DmaMappedSgt>,
-    #[pin]
-    sgt: RawSGTable,
+    dma: DmaMappedSgt<'a>,
     _pages: P,
 }
 
-// SAFETY: `Owned` can be sent to any task if `P` can be send to any task.
-unsafe impl<P: Send> Send for Owned<P> {}
-
-// SAFETY: `Owned` has no interior mutability and can be accessed concurrently if `P` can be
-// accessed concurrently.
-unsafe impl<P: Sync> Sync for Owned<P> {}
-
-impl<P> Owned<P>
+impl<'a, P> Owned<'a, P>
 where
-    for<'a> P: page::AsPageIter<Iter<'a> = VmallocPageIter<'a>> + 'static,
+    for<'b> P: page::AsPageIter<Iter<'b> = VmallocPageIter<'b>> + 'static,
 {
     fn new(
-        dev: &Device<Bound>,
+        dev: &'a Device<Bound>,
         mut pages: P,
         dir: dma::DataDirection,
         flags: alloc::Flags,
-    ) -> Result<impl PinInit<Self, Error> + '_> {
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         let page_iter = pages.page_iter();
         let size = page_iter.size();
 
@@ -367,34 +331,22 @@ fn new(
 
         let max_segment = max_mapping_size.min(max_seg_size);
 
-        Ok(try_pin_init!(&this in Self {
-            // SAFETY:
-            // - `page_vec` is a `KVec` of valid `struct page *` obtained from `pages`.
-            // - The pages contained in `pages` remain valid for the entire lifetime of the
-            //   `RawSGTable`.
-            sgt: unsafe { RawSGTable::new(&mut page_vec, size, max_segment, flags) }?,
-            dma <- {
-                // SAFETY: `this` is a valid pointer to uninitialized memory.
-                let sgt = unsafe { &raw mut (*this.as_ptr()).sgt }.cast();
-
-                // SAFETY: `sgt` is guaranteed to be non-null.
-                let sgt = unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(sgt) };
-
-                // SAFETY:
-                // - It is guaranteed that the object returned by `DmaMappedSgt::new` won't out-live
-                //   `sgt`.
-                // - `sgt` is never DMA unmapped manually.
-                // - `sgt` is structurally pinned and therefore cannot move.
-                Devres::new(dev, unsafe { DmaMappedSgt::new(sgt, dev, dir) })
-            },
+        // SAFETY:
+        // - `page_vec` is a `KVec` of valid `struct page *` obtained from `pages`.
+        // - The pages contained in `pages` remain valid for the entire lifetime of the
+        //   `RawSGTable`.
+        let sgt = unsafe { RawSGTable::new(&mut page_vec, size, max_segment, flags) }?;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            dma: DmaMappedSgt::new(dev, sgt, dir)?,
             _pages: pages,
-        }))
+        })
     }
 }
 
-impl<P> SGTable<Owned<P>>
+impl<'a, P> SGTable<Owned<'a, P>>
 where
-    for<'a> P: page::AsPageIter<Iter<'a> = VmallocPageIter<'a>> + 'static,
+    for<'b> P: page::AsPageIter<Iter<'b> = VmallocPageIter<'b>> + 'static,
 {
     /// Allocates a new scatter-gather table from the given pages and maps it for DMA.
     ///
@@ -403,8 +355,7 @@ impl<P> SGTable<Owned<P>>
     /// pages of `P`, and maps the table for DMA with the specified [`Device`] and
     /// [`dma::DataDirection`].
     ///
-    /// The DMA mapping is managed through [`Devres`], ensuring that the DMA mapping is unmapped
-    /// once the associated [`Device`] is unbound, or when the [`SGTable<Owned>`] is dropped.
+    /// The table is tied to the [`Device<Bound>`] lifetime and unmaps the DMA mapping when dropped.
     ///
     /// # Parameters
     ///
@@ -428,38 +379,38 @@ impl<P> SGTable<Owned<P>>
     ///     let size = 4 * page::PAGE_SIZE;
     ///     let pages = VVec::<u8>::with_capacity(size, GFP_KERNEL)?;
     ///
-    ///     let sgt = KBox::pin_init(SGTable::new(
+    ///     let sgt = SGTable::new(
     ///         dev,
     ///         pages,
     ///         dma::DataDirection::ToDevice,
     ///         GFP_KERNEL,
-    ///     ), GFP_KERNEL)?;
+    ///     )?;
     ///
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn new(
-        dev: &Device<Bound>,
+        dev: &'a Device<Bound>,
         pages: P,
         dir: dma::DataDirection,
         flags: alloc::Flags,
-    ) -> impl PinInit<Self, Error> + '_ {
-        try_pin_init!(Self {
-            inner <- Owned::new(dev, pages, dir, flags)?
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            inner: Owned::new(dev, pages, dir, flags)?,
         })
     }
 }
 
-impl<P> Deref for SGTable<Owned<P>> {
+impl<P> Deref for SGTable<Owned<'_, P>> {
     type Target = SGTable;
 
     #[inline]
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
         // SAFETY:
-        // - `self.inner.sgt.as_raw()` is a valid pointer to a `struct sg_table` for the entire
+        // - `self.inner.dma.sgt.as_raw()` is a valid pointer to a `struct sg_table` for the entire
         //   lifetime of `self`.
         // - The backing `struct sg_table` is not modified for the entire lifetime of `self`.
-        unsafe { SGTable::from_raw(self.inner.sgt.as_raw()) }
+        unsafe { SGTable::from_raw(self.inner.dma.sgt.as_raw()) }
     }
 }
 
@@ -467,7 +418,7 @@ mod private {
     pub trait Sealed {}
 
     impl Sealed for super::Borrowed {}
-    impl<P> Sealed for super::Owned<P> {}
+    impl<P> Sealed for super::Owned<'_, P> {}
 }
 
 /// An [`Iterator`] over the DMA mapped [`SGEntry`] items of an [`SGTable`].
diff --git a/samples/rust/rust_dma.rs b/samples/rust/rust_dma.rs
index ffb693544673..844e137cddc8 100644
--- a/samples/rust/rust_dma.rs
+++ b/samples/rust/rust_dma.rs
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@
 struct DmaSampleData<'bound> {
     pdev: &'bound pci::Device<Bound>,
     ca: Coherent<'bound, [MyStruct]>,
-    #[pin]
-    sgt: SGTable<Owned<VVec<u8>>>,
+    sgt: SGTable<Owned<'bound, VVec<u8>>>,
 }
 
 const TEST_VALUES: [(u32, u32); 5] = [
@@ -96,13 +95,9 @@ fn probe<'bound>(
             let size = 4 * page::PAGE_SIZE;
             let pages = VVec::with_capacity(size, GFP_KERNEL)?;
 
-            let sgt = SGTable::new(pdev.as_ref(), pages, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL);
+            let sgt = SGTable::new(pdev.as_ref(), pages, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL)?;
 
-            Ok(try_pin_init!(Self::Data {
-                pdev,
-                ca,
-                sgt <- sgt,
-            }))
+            Ok(try_pin_init!(Self::Data { pdev, ca, sgt }))
         })
     }
 }

base-commit: 2268cf8e3d7b4192629e4beff4a413efe5501f11
-- 
2.56.1

[PATCH 2/2] gpu: nova-core: remove unnecessary firmware pin-init

[Danilo Krummrich]

Now that SGTable no longer requires pinning, remove the pin-init
machinery from Radix3 and GspFirmware.

Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
---
 drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/gsp.rs    | 43 +++++--------
 drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/radix3.rs | 82 +++++++++++-------------
 drivers/gpu/nova-core/gsp/boot.rs        |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/gsp.rs b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/gsp.rs
index 341a8b19aa38..ff92a12b2994 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/gsp.rs
+++ b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/gsp.rs
@@ -25,10 +25,8 @@
 };
 
 /// The GSP firmware image, its signatures, and the GSP bootloader.
-#[pin_data]
 pub(crate) struct GspFirmware<'a> {
     /// The firmware image and the radix3 table that maps it.
-    #[pin]
     radix3: Radix3<'a>,
     /// Device-mapped GSP signatures matching the GPU's [`Chipset`].
     pub(crate) signatures: Coherent<'a, [u8]>,
@@ -39,34 +37,27 @@ pub(crate) struct GspFirmware<'a> {
 impl<'a> GspFirmware<'a> {
     /// Loads the GSP firmware binaries, map them into `dev`'s address-space, and creates the page
     /// tables expected by the GSP bootloader to load it.
-    pub(crate) fn new(
-        dev: &'a device::Device<device::Bound>,
-        chipset: Chipset,
-    ) -> impl PinInit<Self, Error> + 'a {
-        pin_init::pin_init_scope(move || {
-            let firmware = request_tlv(dev, chipset, "gsp")?;
-            let tlv = Tlv::new(firmware.data())?;
-            dev_dbg!(dev, "loaded gsp firmware v{}\n", tlv.get_string(b"VERS")?);
+    pub(crate) fn new(dev: &'a device::Device<device::Bound>, chipset: Chipset) -> Result<Self> {
+        let firmware = request_tlv(dev, chipset, "gsp")?;
+        let tlv = Tlv::new(firmware.data())?;
+        dev_dbg!(dev, "loaded gsp firmware v{}\n", tlv.get_string(b"VERS")?);
 
-            let size = usize::from_safe_cast(tlv.get_u32(b"SIZE")?);
-            let mut fw_vvec = VVec::zeroed(size, GFP_KERNEL).map_err(|_| ENOMEM)?;
+        let size = usize::from_safe_cast(tlv.get_u32(b"SIZE")?);
+        let mut fw_vvec = VVec::zeroed(size, GFP_KERNEL).map_err(|_| ENOMEM)?;
 
-            let chip_name = chipset.name();
-            let file = tlv.get_string(b"FILE")?;
-            let filename = CString::try_from_fmt(fmt!("nvidia/{chip_name}/gsp/{file}"))?;
-            firmware::request_into_buf(&filename, dev, fw_vvec.as_mut_slice())?;
+        let chip_name = chipset.name();
+        let file = tlv.get_string(b"FILE")?;
+        let filename = CString::try_from_fmt(fmt!("nvidia/{chip_name}/gsp/{file}"))?;
+        firmware::request_into_buf(&filename, dev, fw_vvec.as_mut_slice())?;
 
-            let signatures = Coherent::from_slice(dev, tlv.get_bytes(b"SIGN")?, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            radix3: Radix3::new(dev, fw_vvec)?,
+            signatures: Coherent::from_slice(dev, tlv.get_bytes(b"SIGN")?, GFP_KERNEL)?,
+            bootloader: {
+                let bl = request_tlv(dev, chipset, "gsp_bootloader")?;
 
-            Ok(try_pin_init!(Self {
-                radix3 <- Radix3::new(dev, fw_vvec),
-                signatures,
-                bootloader: {
-                    let bl = request_tlv(dev, chipset, "gsp_bootloader")?;
-
-                    RiscvFirmware::new(dev, &bl)?
-                },
-            }))
+                RiscvFirmware::new(dev, &bl)?
+            },
         })
     }
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/radix3.rs b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/radix3.rs
index a3e43fc8ec86..2c8787d5930d 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/radix3.rs
+++ b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/firmware/radix3.rs
@@ -32,60 +32,54 @@
 };
 
 /// A radix3 page table and the data it maps.
-#[pin_data]
 pub(crate) struct Radix3<'a> {
     /// The mapped data.
-    data: SGTable<Owned<'a, VVec<u8>>>,
-    /// Level 2: one entry per page of `data`.
-    level2: SGTable<Owned<'a, VVec<u8>>>,
-    /// Level 1: one entry per page of `level2`.
-    level1: SGTable<Owned<'a, VVec<u8>>>,
-    /// Level 0: one page, whose single entry is the DMA address of the first `level1` page.
+    _data: SGTable<Owned<'a, VVec<u8>>>,
+    /// Level 2: one entry per page of `_data`.
+    _level2: SGTable<Owned<'a, VVec<u8>>>,
+    /// Level 1: one entry per page of `_level2`.
+    _level1: SGTable<Owned<'a, VVec<u8>>>,
+    /// Level 0: one page, whose single entry is the DMA address of the first `_level1` page.
     level0: Coherent<'a, [u64]>,
-    /// Length of `data`, in bytes.
+    /// Length of `_data`, in bytes.
     size: usize,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Radix3<'a> {
     /// Builds a radix3 page table over `data`, mapped for `dev` to read. May sleep.
-    pub(crate) fn new(
-        dev: &'a device::Device<device::Bound>,
-        data: VVec<u8>,
-    ) -> impl PinInit<Self, Error> + 'a {
+    pub(crate) fn new(dev: &'a device::Device<device::Bound>, data: VVec<u8>) -> Result<Self> {
         let size = data.len();
 
-        pin_init::pin_init_scope(move || {
-            Ok(try_pin_init!(Self {
-                data: SGTable::new(dev, data, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL)?,
-                level2: {
-                    let l2 = build_lvl(data)?;
-                    SGTable::new(dev, l2, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL)?
-                },
-                level1: {
-                    let l1 = build_lvl(level2)?;
-                    SGTable::new(dev, l1, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL)?
-                },
-                level0: {
-                    // Allocate the level 0 page table as a device-visible DMA object, and map the
-                    // level 1 page table onto it.
-
-                    // Fill level 1 page entry.
-                    let level1_entry = level1.iter().next().ok_or(EINVAL)?;
-                    let level1_entry_addr = level1_entry.dma_address();
-
-                    // Create level 0 page table data and fill its first entry with the level 1
-                    // table.
-                    let mut level0 = CoherentBox::<'_, [u64]>::zeroed_slice(
-                        dev,
-                        GSP_PAGE_SIZE / size_of::<u64>(),
-                        GFP_KERNEL,
-                    )?;
-                    level0[0] = level1_entry_addr.to_le();
-
-                    level0.into()
-                },
-                size,
-            }))
+        let data = SGTable::new(dev, data, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+
+        let l2 = build_lvl(&data)?;
+        let level2 = SGTable::new(dev, l2, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+
+        let l1 = build_lvl(&level2)?;
+        let level1 = SGTable::new(dev, l1, DataDirection::ToDevice, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+
+        // Allocate the level 0 page table as a device-visible DMA object, and map the
+        // level 1 page table onto it.
+
+        // Fill level 1 page entry.
+        let level1_entry = level1.iter().next().ok_or(EINVAL)?;
+        let level1_entry_addr = level1_entry.dma_address();
+
+        // Create level 0 page table data and fill its first entry with the level 1
+        // table.
+        let mut level0 = CoherentBox::<'_, [u64]>::zeroed_slice(
+            dev,
+            GSP_PAGE_SIZE / size_of::<u64>(),
+            GFP_KERNEL,
+        )?;
+        level0[0] = level1_entry_addr.to_le();
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            _data: data,
+            _level2: level2,
+            _level1: level1,
+            level0: level0.into(),
+            size,
         })
     }
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/nova-core/gsp/boot.rs b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/gsp/boot.rs
index 4fb1b69ac9d5..ac09b40832aa 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/nova-core/gsp/boot.rs
+++ b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/gsp/boot.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub(crate) fn boot(
         let dev = pdev.as_ref();
         let hal = super::hal::gsp_hal(chipset);
 
-        let gsp_fw = KBox::pin_init(GspFirmware::new(dev, chipset), GFP_KERNEL)?;
+        let gsp_fw = GspFirmware::new(dev, chipset)?;
 
         self.cmdq
             .send_command_no_wait(commands::SetSystemInfo::new(pdev, chipset))?;
-- 
2.56.1