Re: GRUB hardened boot framework

[phcoder <phcoder@gmail.com>]

> 
> I'm no crypto expert, but I was under the impression that when the data is
> encrypted, measurement comes "for free": if someone tampered it, you'd be
> unable to decrypt.  Is this correct?
> 
It's not. Encryption is permutation
E_{key,sector} (P) -> C
Which permutes transforms plaintext P to ciphertext P. Without knowing 
the key an attacker still can reuse the values he has already seen (e.g. 
if he has an image of FS at previous date).
He can also replace the sector with anything. He can't predict to what 
it will be decrypted but not to what it originally was
Additionally most current modes subdivide sectors in 16-byte blocks. And 
how a block is encrypted depends on previous but not next blocks in 
sector. Then if attacker knows where the authentication is he can 
rewrite this place with anything. It will decrypt to garbage and with 
some quite high probability it won't crash and will let the attacker in.
With XTS block encryptions depends neither on previous nor on next block 
. So attacker doesn't even need the authenthication code to be at the 
end of the sector.
In various CBC modes if an attacker replaces sector A with sector B 
first block of sector B will decrypt to garbage but the rest will 
decrypt just fine. It can be used for e.g. launching printk to output 
the encryption keys.
In conclusion encryption doesn't check for modifications. Some 
encryption systems do it additionally through separate mechanism but 
encryption itself does no such thing

-- 

Regards
Vladimir 'phcoder' Serbinenko