Re: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 27/34] target-arm: emulate LL/SC using cmpxchg helpers

["Alex Bennée" <alex.bennee@linaro.org>]

Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> writes:

> From: "Emilio G. Cota" <cota@braap.org>
>
> Emulating LL/SC with cmpxchg is not correct, since it can
> suffer from the ABA problem. Portable parallel code, however,
> is written assuming only cmpxchg--and not LL/SC--is available.
> This means that in practice emulating LL/SC with cmpxchg is
> a viable alternative.
>
> The appended emulates LL/SC pairs in ARM with cmpxchg helpers.
> This works in both user and system mode. In usermode, it avoids
> pausing all other CPUs to perform the LL/SC pair. The subsequent
> performance and scalability improvement is significant, as the
> plots below show. They plot the throughput of atomic_add-bench
> compiled for ARM and executed on a 64-core x86 machine.
>
> Hi-res plots: http://imgur.com/a/aNQpB
>
>                atomic_add-bench: 1000000 ops/thread, [0,1] range
>
>   9 ++---------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---++
>     +cmpxchg +-E--+       +          +          +          +          +    |
>   8 +Emaster +-H--+                                                       ++
>     | |                                                                    |
>   7 ++E                                                                   ++
>     | |                                                                    |
>   6 ++++                                                                  ++
>     |  |                                                                   |
>   5 ++ |                                                                  ++
>   4 ++ |                                                                  ++
>     |  |                                                                   |
>   3 ++ |                                                                  ++
>     |   |                                                                  |
>   2 ++  |                                                                 ++
>     |H++E+---                                  +++  ---+E+------+E+------+E|
>   1 +++     +E+-----+E+------+E+------+E+------+E+--   +++      +++       ++
>     ++H+       +    +++   +  +++     ++++       +          +          +    |
>   0 ++--H----H-+-----H----+----------+----------+----------+----------+---++
>     0          10         20         30         40         50         60
>                                Number of threads
>
>                 atomic_add-bench: 1000000 ops/thread, [0,2] range
>
>   16 ++---------+----------+---------+----------+----------+----------+---++
>      +cmpxchg +-E--+       +         +          +          +          +    |
>   14 ++master +-H--+                                                      ++
>      | |                                                                   |
>   12 ++|                                                                  ++
>      | E                                                                   |
>   10 ++|                                                                  ++
>      | |                                                                   |
>    8 ++++                                                                 ++
>      |E+|                                                                  |
>      |  |                                                                  |
>    6 ++ |                                                                 ++
>      |   |                                                                 |
>    4 ++  |                                                                ++
>      |  +E+---       +++      +++              +++           ---+E+------+E|
>    2 +H+     +E+------E-------+E+-----+E+------+E+------+E+--            +++
>      + |        +    +++   +         ++++       +          +          +    |
>    0 ++H-H----H-+-----H----+---------+----------+----------+----------+---++
>      0          10         20        30         40         50         60
>                                 Number of threads
>
>                atomic_add-bench: 1000000 ops/thread, [0,128] range
>
>   70 ++---------+----------+---------+----------+----------+----------+---++
>      +cmpxchg +-E--+       +         +          +       ++++          +    |
>   60 ++master +-H--+                                 ----E------+E+-------++
>      |                                        -+E+---   +++     +++      +E|
>      |                                +++ ---- +++                       ++|
>   50 ++                       +++  ---+E+-                                ++
>      |                        -E---                                        |
>   40 ++                    ---+++                                         ++
>      |               +++---                                                |
>      |              -+E+                                                   |
>   30 ++      +++----                                                      ++
>      |       +E+                                                           |
>   20 ++ +++--                                                             ++
>      |  +E+                                                                |
>      |+E+                                                                  |
>   10 +E+                                                                  ++
>      +          +          +         +          +          +          +    |
>    0 +HH-H----H-+-----H----+---------+----------+----------+----------+---++
>      0          10         20        30         40         50         60
>                                 Number of threads
>
>               atomic_add-bench: 1000000 ops/thread, [0,1024] range
>
>   120 ++---------+---------+----------+---------+----------+----------+---++
>       +cmpxchg +-E--+      +          +         +          +          +    |
>       | master +-H--+                                                    ++|
>   100 ++                                                              ----E+
>       |                                                 +++  ---+E+---   ++|
>       |                                                --E---   +++        |
>    80 ++                                           ---- +++               ++
>       |                                     ---+E+-                        |
>    60 ++                              -+E+--                              ++
>       |                       +++ ---- +++                                 |
>       |                      -+E+-                                         |
>    40 ++              +++----                                             ++
>       |      +++   ---+E+                                                  |
>       |     -+E+---                                                        |
>    20 ++ +E+                                                              ++
>       |+E+++                                                               |
>       +E+        +         +          +         +          +          +    |
>     0 +HH-H---H--+-----H---+----------+---------+----------+----------+---++
>       0          10        20         30        40         50         60
>                                 Number of threads
>
> [rth: Enforce alignment for ldrexd.]
>
> Signed-off-by: Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
> Message-Id: <1467054136-10430-23-git-send-email-cota@braap.org>
> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
> ---
>  target-arm/translate.c | 136 +++++++++++++++----------------------------------
>  1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/target-arm/translate.c b/target-arm/translate.c
> index 1b5bf87..680635c 100644
> --- a/target-arm/translate.c
> +++ b/target-arm/translate.c
> @@ -7676,47 +7676,27 @@ static void gen_logicq_cc(TCGv_i32 lo, TCGv_i32 hi)
>      tcg_gen_or_i32(cpu_ZF, lo, hi);
>  }
>
> -/* Load/Store exclusive instructions are implemented by remembering
> -   the value/address loaded, and seeing if these are the same
> -   when the store is performed. This should be sufficient to implement
> -   the architecturally mandated semantics, and avoids having to monitor
> -   regular stores.
> -
> -   In system emulation mode only one CPU will be running at once, so
> -   this sequence is effectively atomic.  In user emulation mode we
> -   throw an exception and handle the atomic operation elsewhere.  */

At least half of this comment is still relevant although it could be
tweaked to mention that we use an atomic cmpxchg for the store that will
fail if exlusive_val doesn't match the current state.

>  static void gen_load_exclusive(DisasContext *s, int rt, int rt2,
>                                 TCGv_i32 addr, int size)
>  {
>      TCGv_i32 tmp = tcg_temp_new_i32();
> +    TCGMemOp opc = size | MO_ALIGN | s->be_data;
>
>      s->is_ldex = true;
>
> -    switch (size) {
> -    case 0:
> -        gen_aa32_ld8u(s, tmp, addr, get_mem_index(s));
> -        break;
> -    case 1:
> -        gen_aa32_ld16ua(s, tmp, addr, get_mem_index(s));
> -        break;
> -    case 2:
> -    case 3:
> -        gen_aa32_ld32ua(s, tmp, addr, get_mem_index(s));
> -        break;
> -    default:
> -        abort();
> -    }
> -
>      if (size == 3) {
>          TCGv_i32 tmp2 = tcg_temp_new_i32();
> -        TCGv_i32 tmp3 = tcg_temp_new_i32();
> +        TCGv_i64 t64 = tcg_temp_new_i64();
> +
> +        gen_aa32_ld_i64(s, t64, addr, get_mem_index(s), opc);
> +        tcg_gen_mov_i64(cpu_exclusive_val, t64);
> +        tcg_gen_extr_i64_i32(tmp, tmp2, t64);
> +        tcg_temp_free_i64(t64);
>
> -        tcg_gen_addi_i32(tmp2, addr, 4);
> -        gen_aa32_ld32u(s, tmp3, tmp2, get_mem_index(s));
> +        store_reg(s, rt2, tmp2);
>          tcg_temp_free_i32(tmp2);
> -        tcg_gen_concat_i32_i64(cpu_exclusive_val, tmp, tmp3);
> -        store_reg(s, rt2, tmp3);
>      } else {
> +        gen_aa32_ld_i32(s, tmp, addr, get_mem_index(s), opc);
>          tcg_gen_extu_i32_i64(cpu_exclusive_val, tmp);
>      }
>
> @@ -7729,23 +7709,15 @@ static void gen_clrex(DisasContext *s)
>      tcg_gen_movi_i64(cpu_exclusive_addr, -1);
>  }
>
> -#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
> -static void gen_store_exclusive(DisasContext *s, int rd, int rt, int rt2,
> -                                TCGv_i32 addr, int size)
> -{
> -    tcg_gen_extu_i32_i64(cpu_exclusive_test, addr);
> -    tcg_gen_movi_i32(cpu_exclusive_info,
> -                     size | (rd << 4) | (rt << 8) | (rt2 << 12));
> -    gen_exception_internal_insn(s, 4, EXCP_STREX);
> -}
> -#else
>  static void gen_store_exclusive(DisasContext *s, int rd, int rt, int rt2,
>                                  TCGv_i32 addr, int size)
>  {
> -    TCGv_i32 tmp;
> -    TCGv_i64 val64, extaddr;
> +    TCGv_i32 t0, t1, t2;
> +    TCGv_i64 extaddr;
> +    TCGv taddr;
>      TCGLabel *done_label;
>      TCGLabel *fail_label;
> +    TCGMemOp opc = size | MO_ALIGN | s->be_data;
>
>      /* if (env->exclusive_addr == addr && env->exclusive_val == [addr]) {
>           [addr] = {Rt};
> @@ -7760,69 +7732,45 @@ static void gen_store_exclusive(DisasContext *s, int rd, int rt, int rt2,
>      tcg_gen_brcond_i64(TCG_COND_NE, extaddr, cpu_exclusive_addr, fail_label);
>      tcg_temp_free_i64(extaddr);
>
> -    tmp = tcg_temp_new_i32();
> -    switch (size) {
> -    case 0:
> -        gen_aa32_ld8u(s, tmp, addr, get_mem_index(s));
> -        break;
> -    case 1:
> -        gen_aa32_ld16u(s, tmp, addr, get_mem_index(s));
> -        break;
> -    case 2:
> -    case 3:
> -        gen_aa32_ld32u(s, tmp, addr, get_mem_index(s));
> -        break;
> -    default:
> -        abort();
> -    }
> -
> -    val64 = tcg_temp_new_i64();
> +    taddr = gen_aa32_addr(s, addr, opc);
> +    t0 = tcg_temp_new_i32();
> +    t1 = load_reg(s, rt);
>      if (size == 3) {
> -        TCGv_i32 tmp2 = tcg_temp_new_i32();
> -        TCGv_i32 tmp3 = tcg_temp_new_i32();
> -        tcg_gen_addi_i32(tmp2, addr, 4);
> -        gen_aa32_ld32u(s, tmp3, tmp2, get_mem_index(s));
> -        tcg_temp_free_i32(tmp2);
> -        tcg_gen_concat_i32_i64(val64, tmp, tmp3);
> -        tcg_temp_free_i32(tmp3);
> -    } else {
> -        tcg_gen_extu_i32_i64(val64, tmp);
> -    }
> -    tcg_temp_free_i32(tmp);
> +        TCGv_i64 o64 = tcg_temp_new_i64();
> +        TCGv_i64 n64 = tcg_temp_new_i64();
>
> -    tcg_gen_brcond_i64(TCG_COND_NE, val64, cpu_exclusive_val, fail_label);
> -    tcg_temp_free_i64(val64);
> +        t2 = load_reg(s, rt2);
> +        tcg_gen_concat_i32_i64(n64, t1, t2);
> +        tcg_temp_free_i32(t2);
> +        gen_aa32_frob64(s, n64);
>
> -    tmp = load_reg(s, rt);
> -    switch (size) {
> -    case 0:
> -        gen_aa32_st8(s, tmp, addr, get_mem_index(s));
> -        break;
> -    case 1:
> -        gen_aa32_st16(s, tmp, addr, get_mem_index(s));
> -        break;
> -    case 2:
> -    case 3:
> -        gen_aa32_st32(s, tmp, addr, get_mem_index(s));
> -        break;
> -    default:
> -        abort();
> -    }
> -    tcg_temp_free_i32(tmp);
> -    if (size == 3) {
> -        tcg_gen_addi_i32(addr, addr, 4);
> -        tmp = load_reg(s, rt2);
> -        gen_aa32_st32(s, tmp, addr, get_mem_index(s));
> -        tcg_temp_free_i32(tmp);
> +        tcg_gen_atomic_cmpxchg_i64(o64, taddr, cpu_exclusive_val, n64,
> +                                   get_mem_index(s), opc);
> +        tcg_temp_free_i64(n64);
> +
> +        gen_aa32_frob64(s, o64);
> +        tcg_gen_setcond_i64(TCG_COND_NE, o64, o64, cpu_exclusive_val);
> +        tcg_gen_extrl_i64_i32(t0, o64);
> +
> +        tcg_temp_free_i64(o64);
> +    } else {
> +        t2 = tcg_temp_new_i32();
> +        tcg_gen_extrl_i64_i32(t2, cpu_exclusive_val);
> +        tcg_gen_atomic_cmpxchg_i32(t0, taddr, t2, t1, get_mem_index(s), opc);
> +        tcg_gen_setcond_i32(TCG_COND_NE, t0, t0, t2);
> +        tcg_temp_free_i32(t2);
>      }
> -    tcg_gen_movi_i32(cpu_R[rd], 0);
> +    tcg_temp_free_i32(t1);
> +    tcg_temp_free(taddr);
> +    tcg_gen_mov_i32(cpu_R[rd], t0);
> +    tcg_temp_free_i32(t0);
>      tcg_gen_br(done_label);
> +
>      gen_set_label(fail_label);
>      tcg_gen_movi_i32(cpu_R[rd], 1);
>      gen_set_label(done_label);
>      tcg_gen_movi_i64(cpu_exclusive_addr, -1);
>  }
> -#endif
>
>  /* gen_srs:
>   * @env: CPUARMState

Apart from the comments the code gen looks good to me:

Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>

--
Alex Bennée