Re: [PATCH v4 3/6] perf header: Support memory ranges

["Falcon, Thomas" <thomas.falcon@intel.com>]

On Mon, 2026-08-17 at 14:34 -0700, Ian Rogers wrote:
> On Tue, Aug 11, 2026 at 10:33 AM Thomas Falcon
> <thomas.falcon@intel.com> wrote:
> > 
> > Memory ranges were created to track different types of memory,
> > such as persistent, high bandwidth, or CXL-attached, that may
> > be present on a system for performance monitoring and resource
> > control purposes.
> > 
> > Memory range data are parsed from the ACPI MRRM table and exposed
> > to userspace tools via sysfs [1]. Memory range data is read from:
> > 
> >         /sys/firmware/acpi/memory_ranges/rangeX
> > 
> > With the following attributes:
> > 
> >         u64 base;
> >         u64 length;
> >         int node;
> >         u8  local_region_id;
> >         u8  remote_region_id;
> > 
> > Read memory range data from sysfs if present and save it in
> > the header of the perf data file under a new feature bit,
> > HEADER_MEMORY_RANGES (35). Memory range data can be viewed with the
> > --header or --header-only options of perf-report and perf-script.
> > 
> > Example output:
> >  # memory ranges (nr 5):
> >  # range0: [0x0000000000000000-0x00000000bfffffff], node = 0,
> > local_region_id = 0, remote_region_id = 255
> >  # range1: [0x0000000100000000-0x000000203fffffff], node = 0,
> > local_region_id = 0, remote_region_id = 255
> >  # range2: [0x0000008000000000-0x0000027fffffffff], node = -2,
> > local_region_id = 1, remote_region_id = 255
> >  # range3: [0x0000028000000000-0x0000047fffffffff], node = -2,
> > local_region_id = 1, remote_region_id = 255
> >  # range4: [0x0000048000000000-0x000004ffffffffff], node = -2,
> > local_region_id = 1, remote_region_id = 255
> > 
> > [1]:
> > https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250505173819.419271-1-tony.luck@intel.com/
> > 
> > Assisted-by: Sashiko:gemini-3.1-pro-preview
> > Assisted-by: GitHub-Copilot:claude-opus-4-8
> > Signed-off-by: Thomas Falcon <thomas.falcon@intel.com>
> 
> Looks good to me. Did you do pipe mode testing? Is there any
> additional testing coverage we can add?
> 
> Thanks,
> Ian
> 

Hi Ian, thanks for reviewing,

Yes, here is some example output in pipe mode:

 ./perf mem record -o - -a sleep 5 | ./perf script -i - --header

...
# memory ranges (nr 5):
# range0: [0x0000000000000000-0x00000000bfffffff], node = 0, local_region_id = 0, remote_region_id = 255
# range1: [0x0000000100000000-0x000000203fffffff], node = 0, local_region_id = 0, remote_region_id = 255
# range2: [0x0000008000000000-0x0000027fffffffff], node = -2, local_region_id = 1, remote_region_id = 255
# range3: [0x0000028000000000-0x0000047fffffffff], node = -2, local_region_id = 1, remote_region_id = 255
# range4: [0x0000048000000000-0x000004ffffffffff], node = -2, local_region_id = 1, remote_region_id = 255
            perf   12280 [007] 82283.852958:         63 cpu/mem-loads,ldlat=30/P: ff40225e7b1acfb8     10e6a100042 |OP LOAD|LVL L0 hit|SNP None|TLB L1 or L2 hit|LCK Yes|BLK  N/A|Region N/A               4             302              17 ffffffff9eafe901 perf_event_ctx_lock_nested.isra.0+0x31>
         swapper       0 [000] 82283.858694:         63 cpu/mem-loads,ldlat=30/P: ff40225e7d0b31c0    810668100842 |OP LOAD|LVL L3 hit|SNP None|TLB L1 or L2 hit|LCK No|BLK  N/A|Region Local-shared-cache              60              62               0 ffffffff9e858b3f update_sg_lb_stats+0x13f>
         swapper       0 [000] 82283.878498:         63 cpu/mem-loads,ldlat=30/P: ff40225e7d9b3f98   1810668800842 |OP LOAD|LVL L3 hit|SNP HitM|TLB L1 or L2 hit|LCK No|BLK  N/A|Region Other-non-shared-cache             434             435               0 ffffffff9e863e80 _nohz_idle_balance.i>
       perf-exec   12283 [023] 82283.882372:         63 cpu/mem-loads,ldlat=30/P: ffe698a847e86408   2011a68101042 |OP LOAD|LVL RAM hit|SNP None|TLB L1 or L2 hit|LCK No|BLK  N/A|Region Mem-0                             164             165               0 ffffffff9eb97335 zap_present_ptes.con>

I think we could test that perf c2c/script show the "Region..." field and perf c2c report --stdio and perf report/script --header print the memory range table, if supported.

Thanks,
Tom


> > ---
> > v4:
> > -- Fixed bounds checking for local and remote region IDs in
> >    memory_range__read(), which made region "255" invalid
> > 
> > v3:
> > -- Added missing ff->size check in process_memory_ranges()
> > -- used open/openat to read memory range sysfs files in
> > memory_range__read()
> > -- Removed path name and file name buffers in memory_range__read(),
> >    instead pass path name from as a parameter from
> > memory_range__parse()
> > -- use calloc instead of zalloc in memory_range__parse() and
> >    process_memory_ranges()
> > -- Removed redundant check for existance of memory range directory
> > in
> >    memory_range__read()
> > -- Included examples of memory range output in commit message
> > 
> > v2:
> > -- Added check for NULL return of sysfs__mountpoint() when parsing
> >    memory ranges in sysfs
> > -- increased MAX_MEMORY_RANGES sanity check from 64 to 256 based on
> >    ACPI MRRM table implementation in Linux kernel
> > -- added comment for MAX_MEMORY_RANGES to clarify that it is a
> > sanity check
> >    for malformed perf.data files
> > -- removed a line of code was removed from util/env.h but was added
> > back in
> >    v1 due to bad rebase
> > ---
> > 
> >  .../Documentation/perf.data-file-format.txt   |  13 ++
> >  tools/perf/builtin-inject.c                   |   1 +
> >  tools/perf/util/env.c                         |   1 +
> >  tools/perf/util/env.h                         |  10 +
> >  tools/perf/util/header.c                      | 203
> > ++++++++++++++++++
> >  tools/perf/util/header.h                      |   1 +
> >  6 files changed, 229 insertions(+)
> > 
> > diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf.data-file-format.txt
> > b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf.data-file-format.txt
> > index b90cba9168f8..1f8e7d8e9ae2 100644
> > --- a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf.data-file-format.txt
> > +++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf.data-file-format.txt
> > @@ -478,6 +478,19 @@ The size of the cacheline in bytes. Format:
> > 
> >         unsigned int cln_size;
> > 
> > +       HEADER_MEMORY_RANGES = 35,
> > +
> > +List of memory ranges. The format of the data is as below.
> > +
> > +u32 nr_memory_ranges;
> > +struct memory_range {
> > +       u64 base;
> > +       u64 length;
> > +       int node;
> > +       u8 local_region_id;
> > +       u8 remote_region_id;
> > +}; [nr_memory_ranges]
> > +
> >         other bits are reserved and should be ignored for now
> >         HEADER_FEAT_BITS        = 256,
> > 
> > diff --git a/tools/perf/builtin-inject.c b/tools/perf/builtin-
> > inject.c
> > index 70bbfad5653e..169617a884d3 100644
> > --- a/tools/perf/builtin-inject.c
> > +++ b/tools/perf/builtin-inject.c
> > @@ -2306,6 +2306,7 @@ static bool keep_feat(struct perf_inject
> > *inject, int feat)
> >         case HEADER_PMU_CAPS:
> >         case HEADER_CPU_DOMAIN_INFO:
> >         case HEADER_CLN_SIZE:
> > +       case HEADER_MEMORY_RANGES:
> >                 return true;
> >         /* Information that can be updated */
> >         case HEADER_BUILD_ID:
> > diff --git a/tools/perf/util/env.c b/tools/perf/util/env.c
> > index c0e2b9d5f0b2..50993b0dedc5 100644
> > --- a/tools/perf/util/env.c
> > +++ b/tools/perf/util/env.c
> > @@ -297,6 +297,7 @@ void perf_env__exit(struct perf_env *env)
> >                 zfree(&env->pmu_caps[i].pmu_name);
> >         }
> >         zfree(&env->pmu_caps);
> > +       zfree(&env->memory_ranges);
> >         free_cpu_domain_info(env->cpu_domain, env-
> > >schedstat_version, env->nr_cpus_avail);
> >  }
> > 
> > diff --git a/tools/perf/util/env.h b/tools/perf/util/env.h
> > index 7acca39b42ff..23d35425efe3 100644
> > --- a/tools/perf/util/env.h
> > +++ b/tools/perf/util/env.h
> > @@ -68,6 +68,14 @@ struct cpu_domain_map {
> >         struct domain_info      **domains;
> >  };
> > 
> > +struct memory_range {
> > +       u64 base;
> > +       u64 length;
> > +       int node;
> > +       u8 local_region_id;
> > +       u8 remote_region_id;
> > +};
> > +
> >  struct perf_env {
> >         char                    *hostname;
> >         char                    *os_release;
> > @@ -100,6 +108,7 @@ struct perf_env {
> >         int                     nr_cpu_pmu_caps;
> >         int                     nr_hybrid_nodes;
> >         int                     nr_pmus_with_caps;
> > +       int                     nr_memory_ranges;
> >         char                    *cmdline;
> >         const char              **cmdline_argv;
> >         char                    *sibling_cores;
> > @@ -122,6 +131,7 @@ struct perf_env {
> >         unsigned long long       memory_bsize;
> >         struct hybrid_node      *hybrid_nodes;
> >         struct pmu_caps         *pmu_caps;
> > +       struct memory_range     *memory_ranges;
> >  #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
> >         /*
> >          * bpf_info_lock protects bpf rbtrees. This is needed
> > because the
> > diff --git a/tools/perf/util/header.c b/tools/perf/util/header.c
> > index e90e541f546b..1dbc83a2d798 100644
> > --- a/tools/perf/util/header.c
> > +++ b/tools/perf/util/header.c
> > @@ -92,6 +92,7 @@
> >  #define MAX_PMU_CAPS           512
> >  #define MAX_PMU_MAPPINGS       4096
> >  #define MAX_SCHED_DOMAINS      64
> > +#define MAX_MEMORY_RANGES      256
> > 
> >  /*
> >   * magic2 = "PERFILE2"
> > @@ -1891,6 +1892,132 @@ static int write_cpu_domain_info(struct
> > feat_fd *ff,
> >         return ret;
> >  }
> > 
> > +static int memory_range__read(struct memory_range *range, const
> > char *path)
> > +{
> > +       char buf[32];
> > +       ssize_t n;
> > +       int dfd, fd, tmp, ret = -1;
> > +
> > +       dfd = open(path, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
> > +       if (dfd < 0)
> > +               return -1;
> > +
> > +#define _R(name, dst, conv)                    \
> > +       fd = openat(dfd, name, O_RDONLY);       \
> > +       if (fd < 0)                             \
> > +               goto out;                       \
> > +       n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);     \
> > +       close(fd);                              \
> > +       if (n <= 0)                             \
> > +               goto out;                       \
> > +       buf[n] = '\0';                          \
> > +       dst = conv(buf, NULL, 0);
> > +
> > +       _R("base", range->base, strtoull);
> > +       _R("length", range->length, strtoull);
> > +       _R("node", range->node, strtol);
> > +       _R("local_region_id", tmp, strtol);
> > +       if (tmp < 0 || tmp > UINT8_MAX)
> > +               goto out;
> > +       range->local_region_id = tmp;
> > +       _R("remote_region_id", tmp, strtol);
> > +       if (tmp < 0 || tmp > UINT8_MAX)
> > +               goto out;
> > +       range->remote_region_id = tmp;
> > +#undef _R
> > +
> > +       ret = 0;
> > +out:
> > +       close(dfd);
> > +       return ret;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int memory_range__parse(struct memory_range **ranges)
> > +{
> > +       const char *sysfs = sysfs__mountpoint();
> > +       int i, err, nr_memory_ranges = 0;
> > +       char path[PATH_MAX];
> > +       struct stat st;
> > +
> > +       if (!sysfs)
> > +               return 0;
> > +
> > +       scnprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/firmware/acpi/memory_ranges",
> > sysfs);
> > +       if (stat(path, &st))
> > +               return 0;
> > +
> > +       while (1) {
> > +               scnprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
> > +                         "%s/firmware/acpi/memory_ranges/range%d",
> > +                         sysfs, nr_memory_ranges);
> > +               if (stat(path, &st))
> > +                       break;
> > +
> > +               nr_memory_ranges++;
> > +       }
> > +
> > +       if (nr_memory_ranges == 0)
> > +               return 0;
> > +
> > +       *ranges = calloc(nr_memory_ranges, sizeof(struct
> > memory_range));
> > +       if (!(*ranges))
> > +               return -ENOMEM;
> > +
> > +       for (i = 0; i < nr_memory_ranges; i++) {
> > +               struct memory_range range;
> > +
> > +               scnprintf(path, PATH_MAX,
> > +                         "%s/firmware/acpi/memory_ranges/range%d",
> > sysfs, i);
> > +               err = memory_range__read(&range, path);
> > +               if (err < 0)
> > +                       goto out_error;
> > +
> > +               (*ranges)[i] = range;
> > +       }
> > +
> > +       return nr_memory_ranges;
> > +
> > +out_error:
> > +       zfree(ranges);
> > +       return -1;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int write_memory_ranges(struct feat_fd *ff,
> > +                        struct evlist *evlist __maybe_unused)
> > +{
> > +       struct memory_range *ranges = NULL;
> > +       int nr_memory_ranges = 0, ret;
> > +
> > +       nr_memory_ranges = memory_range__parse(&ranges);
> > +       if (nr_memory_ranges < 0)
> > +               return nr_memory_ranges;
> > +
> > +       ret = do_write(ff, &nr_memory_ranges,
> > sizeof(nr_memory_ranges));
> > +       if (ret < 0)
> > +               goto out;
> > +
> > +       for (int i = 0; i < nr_memory_ranges; i++) {
> > +               ret = do_write(ff, &ranges[i].base, sizeof(u64));
> > +               if (ret < 0)
> > +                       goto out;
> > +               ret = do_write(ff, &ranges[i].length, sizeof(u64));
> > +               if (ret < 0)
> > +                       goto out;
> > +               ret = do_write(ff, &ranges[i].node, sizeof(u32));
> > +               if (ret < 0)
> > +                       goto out;
> > +               ret = do_write(ff, &ranges[i].local_region_id,
> > sizeof(u8));
> > +               if (ret < 0)
> > +                       goto out;
> > +               ret = do_write(ff, &ranges[i].remote_region_id,
> > sizeof(u8));
> > +               if (ret < 0)
> > +                       goto out;
> > +       }
> > +out:
> > +       zfree(&ranges);
> > +       return ret;
> > +}
> > +
> >  static void print_hostname(struct feat_fd *ff, FILE *fp)
> >  {
> >         fprintf(fp, "# hostname : %s\n", ff->ph->env.hostname);
> > @@ -2628,6 +2755,23 @@ static void print_cpu_domain_info(struct
> > feat_fd *ff, FILE *fp)
> >         }
> >  }
> > 
> > +static void print_memory_ranges(struct feat_fd *ff, FILE *fp)
> > +{
> > +       struct memory_range *ranges = ff->ph->env.memory_ranges;
> > +       int nr_memory_ranges = ff->ph->env.nr_memory_ranges;
> > +       int i;
> > +
> > +       fprintf(fp, "# memory ranges (nr %d):\n",
> > nr_memory_ranges);
> > +
> > +       for (i = 0; i < nr_memory_ranges; i++) {
> > +               fprintf(fp, "# range%u: [0x%016" PRIx64 "-0x%016"
> > PRIx64,
> > +                       i, ranges[i].base, ranges[i].base +
> > ranges[i].length - 1);
> > +               fprintf(fp, "], node = %d, local_region_id = %d,
> > remote_region_id = %d\n",
> > +                       ranges[i].node, ranges[i].local_region_id,
> > +                       ranges[i].remote_region_id);
> > +       }
> > +}
> > +
> >  static int __event_process_build_id(struct
> > perf_record_header_build_id *bev,
> >                                     char *filename,
> >                                     struct perf_session *session)
> > @@ -4201,6 +4345,64 @@ static int process_cpu_domain_info(struct
> > feat_fd *ff, void *data __maybe_unused
> >         return ret;
> >  }
> > 
> > +static int process_memory_ranges(struct feat_fd *ff, void *data
> > __maybe_unused)
> > +{
> > +       struct perf_env *env = &ff->ph->env;
> > +       struct memory_range *ranges, *r;
> > +       u32 nr_memory_ranges, i;
> > +
> > +       if (do_read_u32(ff, &nr_memory_ranges))
> > +               return -1;
> > +
> > +       if (!nr_memory_ranges) {
> > +               pr_debug("memory ranges not available\n");
> > +               return 0;
> > +       }
> > +
> > +       /* According to version 1.1 of the ACPI MRRM table, the
> > maximum
> > +        * number of memory regions can be at most 255. Do a sanity
> > check
> > +        * here to guard against a malformed perf.data file.
> > +        */
> > +       if (nr_memory_ranges >= MAX_MEMORY_RANGES) {
> > +               pr_err("Invalid memory_ranges: nr_memory_ranges
> > (%u) > %u\n",
> > +                      nr_memory_ranges, MAX_MEMORY_RANGES);
> > +               return -1;
> > +       }
> > +
> > +       if (ff->size < sizeof(u32) + nr_memory_ranges * (2 *
> > sizeof(u64) + sizeof(u32) + 2 * sizeof(u8))) {
> > +               pr_err("Invalid HEADER_MEMORY_RANGES: section too
> > small (%zu) for %u range entries\n",
> > +                      ff->size, nr_memory_ranges);
> > +               return -1;
> > +       }
> > +
> > +       ranges = calloc(nr_memory_ranges, sizeof(*ranges));
> > +       if (!ranges)
> > +               return -1;
> > +
> > +       for (i = 0; i < nr_memory_ranges; i++) {
> > +               r = &ranges[i];
> > +
> > +               if (do_read_u64(ff, &r->base))
> > +                       goto error;
> > +               if (do_read_u64(ff, &r->length))
> > +                       goto error;
> > +               if (do_read_u32(ff, (u32 *) &r->node))
> > +                       goto error;
> > +               if (__do_read(ff, &r->local_region_id, sizeof(u8)))
> > +                       goto error;
> > +               if (__do_read(ff, &r->remote_region_id,
> > sizeof(u8)))
> > +                       goto error;
> > +       }
> > +
> > +       env->memory_ranges = ranges;
> > +       env->nr_memory_ranges = nr_memory_ranges;
> > +
> > +       return 0;
> > +error:
> > +       zfree(&ranges);
> > +       return -1;
> > +}
> > +
> >  #define FEAT_OPR(n, func, __full_only) \
> >         [HEADER_##n] = {                                        \
> >                 .name       = __stringify(n),                   \
> > @@ -4265,6 +4467,7 @@ const struct perf_header_feature_ops
> > feat_ops[HEADER_LAST_FEATURE] = {
> >         FEAT_OPR(CPU_DOMAIN_INFO,       cpu_domain_info,       
> > true),
> >         FEAT_OPR(E_MACHINE,     e_machine,      false),
> >         FEAT_OPR(CLN_SIZE,      cln_size,       false),
> > +       FEAT_OPR(MEMORY_RANGES, memory_ranges,  false),
> >  };
> > 
> >  struct header_print_data {
> > diff --git a/tools/perf/util/header.h b/tools/perf/util/header.h
> > index 5e03f884b7cc..765037762758 100644
> > --- a/tools/perf/util/header.h
> > +++ b/tools/perf/util/header.h
> > @@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ enum {
> >         HEADER_CPU_DOMAIN_INFO,
> >         HEADER_E_MACHINE,
> >         HEADER_CLN_SIZE,
> > +       HEADER_MEMORY_RANGES,
> >         HEADER_LAST_FEATURE,
> >         HEADER_FEAT_BITS        = 256,
> >  };
> > --
> > 2.55.0
> >