messages from 2026-08-10 21:27:35 to 2026-08-10 22:55:03 UTC [more...]
[PATCH] drm/amd/display: Fix BT2020 YCbCr limited range output CSC
2026-08-10 22:31 UTC (4+ messages)
[PATCH v9 00/21] KVM: x86: Cleaning up the KVM clock mess, part 1
2026-08-10 22:54 UTC
+ mm-swap-move-swap_ops-into-file-systems-for-file-system-based-swap.patch added to mm-new branch
2026-08-10 22:54 UTC
+ mm-swap-add-a-new-swap_opsh-header-to-allow-for-pluggable-swap-ops.patch added to mm-new branch
2026-08-10 22:54 UTC
+ mm-swap-revert-to-single-folio-writes-for-synchronous-swap-devices.patch added to mm-new branch
2026-08-10 22:54 UTC
[PATCH 00/17] nova-core: GPU interrupt support and GSP event delivery
2026-08-10 22:53 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 03/17] rust: pci: expose the allocated interrupt type
[PATCH v3] nvmet: pci-epf: fix use-after-free in nvmet_pci_epf_exec_iod_work()
2026-08-10 22:53 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v4 08/14] ibmveth: Add queue-aware RX buffer submit helper for MQ
2026-08-10 22:51 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH net-next V5 2/2] net/mlx5: implement max_sfs parameter
2026-08-10 22:51 UTC (2+ messages)
Patchwork summary for: spi-devel-general
2026-08-10 22:50 UTC
[PATCH 0/5] Rework PCI IRQ vector code
2026-08-10 22:47 UTC (6+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/5] rust: irq: add anchor generic to IrqRequest and Registration
` [PATCH 2/5] rust: pci: convert IrqVectorRegistration to a lifetime-managed owning type
` [PATCH 3/5] rust: pci: remove IrqVector and resolve IrqRequest directly
` [PATCH 4/5] PCI: add pci_irq_type() to query the allocated interrupt type
` [PATCH 5/5] rust: pci: expose "
[ANN] U-Boot v2026.10-rc2 released
2026-08-10 22:49 UTC
+ kasan-avoid-unnecessary-quarantine-lock-cycling.patch added to mm-new branch
2026-08-10 22:49 UTC
+ selftests-proc-make-proc-maps-race-work-with-read_implies_exec.patch added to mm-new branch
2026-08-10 22:48 UTC
[MAINTAINERS SUMMIT] Time to call it quits for the maintainer summit?
2026-08-10 22:47 UTC (13+ messages)
[PATCH 0/2] block: expose blkcg io.stat to BPF
2026-08-10 22:46 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/2] block: add BPF kfuncs to read blkcg io.stat
[PATCH] drm/panel: samsung-s6d16d0: Use mipi_dsi_*_multi(); fix minor bugs
2026-08-10 22:46 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH v4 00/18] tracing/remotes: Add printk, dump_on_panic and boot parameters
2026-08-10 22:46 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 06/18] tracing/remotes: Add dmesg tracefs file
` [PATCH v4 07/18] tracing/remotes: selftests: Add a test for the "
+ prctl-fix-pr_set_mm_auxv-losing-the-forced-at_null-terminator.patch added to mm-nonmm-unstable branch
2026-08-10 22:44 UTC
[PATCH 0/6] Apple NVMe fixes for macOS 15+ firmware / M4 support
2026-08-10 22:44 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net v4 1/1] openvswitch: Fix CT limit teardown use-after-free
2026-08-10 22:43 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] ASoC: dwc: Propagate -EPROBE_DEFER from IRQ lookup
2026-08-10 14:39 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v3 0/3] mtd/spi-mem: Enable DQS support
2026-08-10 17:01 UTC (3+ messages)
` (subset) "
[PATCH v2 00/31] ASoC: Use auto-cleanup for firmware loading
2026-08-10 14:36 UTC (2+ messages)
-next status as at v7.2-rc7
2026-08-10 22:43 UTC
[PATCH 0/4] btrfs: add per-inode compression levels in xattrs
2026-08-10 22:41 UTC (10+ messages)
[PATCH v2 net] ipvlan: inherit needed_headroom and needed_tailroom from phy_dev
2026-08-10 22:40 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net 0/4] eth: bnxt: fix IRQ notifier bugs
2026-08-10 22:40 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net] macvlan: inherit needed_headroom and needed_tailroom from lowerdev
2026-08-10 22:40 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH 6.18 000/396] 6.18.44-rc1 review
2026-08-10 22:40 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v4 07/14] ibmveth: Add RX queue register/deregister helpers for MQ
2026-08-10 22:32 UTC (3+ messages)
[syzbot] [kernel?] KASAN: slab-use-after-free Write in bus_for_each_drv
2026-08-10 22:39 UTC (2+ messages)
Missing signoff in the gpio-brgl-fixes tree
2026-08-10 22:38 UTC (2+ messages)
+ mm-hugetlb_cma-fix-null-nodemask-dereference-in-hugetlb_cma_alloc_frozen_folio-v5.patch added to mm-hotfixes-unstable branch
2026-08-10 22:37 UTC
[PATCH 0/3] Modify the SW tail logic in OA
2026-08-10 22:37 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/3] drm/xe/xe_oa: Clear status only if relevant bits are set
[PATCH v5] mm/hugetlb_cma: Fix null nodemask dereference in hugetlb_cma_alloc_frozen_folio
2026-08-10 22:36 UTC (6+ messages)
[PATCH 1/6] remoteproc: renesas: rsip: Clear SCMI transport flags
2026-08-10 22:35 UTC (6+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/6] remoteproc: renesas: rsip: Improve error print
` [PATCH 3/6] remoteproc: renesas: rsip: Extract SCP initialization from board file
` [PATCH 4/6] remoteproc: renesas: rsip: Reset SCP core on stop
` [PATCH 5/6] remoteproc: renesas: rsip: Implement SCMI core stop
` [PATCH 6/6] remoteproc: renesas: rsip: Implement core status
[PATCH 0/1] Add version check for setting ForceRM
2026-08-10 22:35 UTC (4+ messages)
[PATCH bpf-next v5] libbpf: avoid overflow in BTF.ext bounds check
2026-08-10 22:33 UTC
[PATCH 1/2] KVM: arm64: nv: Allocate the shadow S2 MMUs individually
2026-08-10 22:32 UTC (7+ messages)
+ selftests-mm-thuge-gen-fix-test_shmget-for-page_size-check.patch added to mm-unstable branch
2026-08-10 22:31 UTC
[PATCH 6.12 000/337] 6.12.103-rc1 review
2026-08-10 22:30 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v3 00/11] KVM: arm64: Restore type-checking across the host/hyp hypercall boundary
2026-08-10 22:30 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 01/11] tracing: Include linux/types.h in trace_remote_event.h
[PATCH 0/8] Xe3P GPU Error Injection Test Suite with DRM RAS Netlink Support
2026-08-10 22:28 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 5/8] tests/intel/xe_err_injection: Add GT UC Unicast GAM Walker Command Parity Error Injection
[PATCH net-next v9] net: phy: Add driver for Motorcomm Quad 2.5GbE phy
2026-08-10 22:26 UTC (2+ messages)
+ zsmalloc-account-for-handle-size-in-class-lookup.patch added to mm-new branch
2026-08-10 22:28 UTC
[PATCH v3 00/11] Virtual Swap Space (Swap Table Edition)
2026-08-10 22:27 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 08/11] mm, swap: only charge physical swap entries
[PATCH] scsi: aacraid: fix DMA mapping leak in aac_send_raw_srb()
2026-08-10 22:27 UTC (2+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "
[PATCH 00/27] single-binary: implement dynamic filtering for machine types
2026-08-10 22:26 UTC (11+ messages)
` [PATCH 01/27] include/qemu/target-info-qom.h: declare TYPE_TARGET_SPECIFIC interface
[PATCH 0/6] ring-buffer: Fixes for subbuf resizing and persistent buffers
2026-08-10 22:27 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/6] ring-buffer: Fix subbuf resize concurrency
[PATCH v2 00/12] gpu: nova-core: add PRAMIN window support
2026-08-10 22:26 UTC (10+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 01/12] rust: num: use const_assert! in Bounded
` [PATCH v2 02/12] rust: num: reject Bounded::shr overshifts at build time
` [PATCH v2 03/12] rust: num: add Bounded::shr_exact
` [PATCH v2 04/12] gpu: nova-core: mm: Add VramAddress type
[PATCH v10 00/41] guest_memfd: In-place conversion support
2026-08-10 22:26 UTC (8+ messages)
` [PATCH v10 11/41] KVM: guest_memfd: Ensure pages are not in use before conversion
` [PATCH v10 15/41] KVM: guest_memfd: Handle lru_add fbatch refcounts during conversion safety check
[syzbot] [rdma?] WARNING in res_to_rt
2026-08-10 22:24 UTC (3+ messages)
[linux-next:master 4018/13846] drivers/net/tun.c:2375:24: sparse: sparse: cast to non-scalar
2026-08-10 22:22 UTC (2+ messages)
[BUG] Bluetooth: WCN6855 10ab:9309 stops reporting ISO TX completions during BAP LC3
2026-08-10 22:22 UTC
[PATCH net-next v4 06/14] ibmveth: Refactor TX resource allocation in open/close paths
2026-08-10 22:21 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH] netfilter: nft_ct: validate timeout object protocol
2026-08-10 22:21 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH 6.6 000/261] 6.6.151-rc1 review
2026-08-10 22:21 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v3 0/3] implement GPU reset API
2026-08-10 22:19 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 3/3] drm/tyr: add GPU reset infrastructure
[PATCH bpf-next v4] libbpf: avoid overflow in BTF.ext bounds check
2026-08-10 22:18 UTC
[PATCH] drm/xe/guc: Silently discard stale G2H reply during overlap
2026-08-10 22:18 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH bpf-next v2 1/6] bpf: Derive the atomic load register in one place
2026-08-10 22:18 UTC (6+ messages)
` [PATCH bpf-next v2 2/6] bpf, riscv: Clear fetch destination on faulting arena atomic
` [PATCH bpf-next v2 3/6] bpf, x86: "
` [PATCH bpf-next v2 4/6] bpf, arm64: "
` [PATCH bpf-next v2 5/6] bpf, s390: "
` [PATCH bpf-next v2 6/6] selftests/bpf: Add arena fault tests for atomics with fetch
[obsolete] mm-userfaultfd-clear-uffd-wp-pte-state-when-re-registering-without-wp.patch removed from -mm tree
2026-08-10 22:17 UTC
[PATCH RFC 00/15] vhost-user: isolated memory
2026-08-10 22:16 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH RFC 12/15] hw/virtio/vhost-user: send isolation regions to device
[PATCH v2 0/4] mm, swap: keep hibernation swap slots out of the swap cache
2026-08-10 22:16 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] netfilter: nf_conntrack: validate template helper protocol
2026-08-10 22:16 UTC
[PATCH] drm/xe/oa: Fix sync entry leak on OA config emit failure
2026-08-10 22:15 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH v2] "
[PATCH v2 1/1] arm64: dts: ti: k3-j722s-evm: Switch audio codec clock from audio_refclk1 to external clock
2026-08-10 22:15 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] ipvs: fix reversed sequence option serialization
2026-08-10 22:13 UTC
[PATCH 00/10] target/tricore: MPU, peripherals, tc39x SoC
2026-08-10 22:13 UTC (11+ messages)
` [PATCH 03/10] target/tricore: add tc39x CPU model
` [PATCH 05/10] hw/char: add TriCore ASCLIN UART controller
` [PATCH 07/10] hw/tricore: add System Control Unit (SCU) device
` [PATCH 08/10] hw/tricore: wire peripherals into tc27x SoC
` [PATCH 09/10] MAINTAINERS: take over TriCore and add peripheral file paths
[PATCH] mtd: cfi: Replace env_get_f() with env_get_yesno()
2026-08-10 10:01 UTC (3+ messages)
+ mm-page-writeback-document-folio_mark_dirty-locking-more-explicitly.patch added to mm-new branch
2026-08-10 22:12 UTC
[PATCH v3 0/4] fit: Harden handling of external-data properties
2026-08-10 22:09 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 1/4] image-fit: Use unsigned types for external data properties
` [PATCH v3 2/4] test: spl: Factor out external-data FIT property checks
` [PATCH v3 3/4] spl: fit: Harden external-data offset and size arithmetic
` [PATCH v3 4/4] spl: fit: Bound external data like U-Boot proper
[PATCH] x86/pagewalk: Read guest PTEs with ACCESS_ONCE()
2026-08-10 22:10 UTC
[PATCH] ipvs: reject invalid states in connection template sync records
2026-08-10 22:10 UTC
[PATCH v6 000/103] tests/tcg: run tests with meson
2026-08-10 22:10 UTC (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 004/103] meson: bump minimal version to 1.6.0
` [PATCH v6 005/103] tests/tcg: introduce meson.build
` [PATCH v6 088/103] tests/tcg/tricore: system tests
[PATCHSET sched_ext/for-7.2-fixes] sched_ext: Fix core scheduling
2026-08-10 22:10 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/6] sched/core: Make core-sched flips wait for in-flight selections
+ mm-provide-vma_is_cow_mapping-and-remove-is_cow_mapping-fix.patch added to mm-unstable branch
2026-08-10 22:10 UTC
[PATCH v2 0/9] workqueue: base pwq pool release and nr_active on the backing pool
2026-08-10 22:10 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 4/9] workqueue: account nr_active by "
[PATCH v4 00/20] mm/rmap: index MAP_PRIVATE file-backed folios by anonymous pgoff
2026-08-10 22:10 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v4 02/20] mm: provide vma_[flags_]is_cow_mapping() and remove is_cow_mapping()
[PATCH net-next v4 05/14] ibmveth: Refactor RX interrupt control for MQ RX queues
2026-08-10 22:07 UTC (3+ messages)
+ zram-fix-slot-lock-bit-position-on-big-endian-64-bit.patch added to mm-new branch
2026-08-10 22:06 UTC
[PATCH] nvme: ratelimit the completion-path messages driven by device data
2026-08-10 22:02 UTC
[PATCH] global_data: Only include driver model fields when DM is enabled
2026-08-10 22:01 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2 1/1] RDMA/cma: Fix WARNING in res_to_rt
2026-08-10 22:01 UTC
[PATCH] scsi: libsas: Handle errors in sas_set_ex_phy()
2026-08-10 22:00 UTC
[PATCH v10 00/12] ZTE zx297520v3 clock bindings and driver
2026-08-10 21:59 UTC (16+ messages)
` [PATCH v10 05/12] clk: zte: Add Clock registration infrastructure
` [PATCH v10 07/12] clk: zte: Add zx PLL support infrastructure
` [PATCH v10 08/12] clk: zte: Introduce a driver for zx297520v3 top clocks
` [PATCH v10 09/12] clk: zte: Introduce a driver for zx297520v3 matrix clocks
` [PATCH v10 10/12] clk: zte: Introduce a driver for zx297520v3 LSP clocks
[PATCH] eventfs: Add warning for out of bounds pos in __eventfs_iterate()
2026-08-10 21:59 UTC
[PATCH v2] iio: accel: bmc150: use IIO_DECLARE_BUFFER_WITH_TS
2026-08-10 21:58 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH 0/5] kcov: suppress timer and scheduler coverage leaks
2026-08-10 21:57 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 5/5] sched: pause KCOV in wake_up_new_task()
[PATCH] hw/nvme: add SPDM_SOCKET Kconfig dependency
2026-08-10 21:54 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH 1/2] arm64: Select HAVE_SHARED_GPIOS for ARCH_MXC
2026-08-10 21:54 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/2] arm64: dts: imx8mn: Expand EEPROM description on ifm VHIP4 EvalBoard
[PATCH RFC 0/5] block: validate bios against queue limits in the entered context
2026-08-10 21:52 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH RFC 3/5] block: validate bio bounds in the queue "
[PATCH] platform/x86: Fix NULL deref in amd_isp_probe
2026-08-10 21:52 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v6 0/6] PCI: endpoint: Expose endpoint DMA resources (part 2/3)
2026-08-10 21:52 UTC (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v6 4/6] dmaengine: dw-edma: Add delegated channel request helpers
[PATCH] Hexagon (target/hexagon) Clean up disassembly of control and system regs
2026-08-10 21:52 UTC (6+ messages)
[PATCH 0/3] iio: light: stk3310: per-chip match data and STK36C61 support
2026-08-10 21:52 UTC (7+ messages)
` [PATCH 2/3] iio: light: stk3310: add per-chip match data
` [PATCH 3/3] iio: light: stk3310: support the Sensortek STK36C61
[PATCH net] macsec: check offload ops before inserting TX tag
2026-08-10 21:50 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH v2 00/39] Make HMP optional (and later standalone)
2026-08-10 21:49 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v2 35/39] target: guard MonitorDef tables with CONFIG_HMP
0.5.13.5: unwanted alias expansions
2026-08-10 21:40 UTC
[RFC PATCH 0/1] vfio/pci: Disable sriov on PF device close
2026-08-10 21:47 UTC (4+ messages)
` [RFC PATCH 1/1] "
[PATCHES v5 0/7] perf build: Add target to install devel packages needed to build perf
2026-08-10 21:46 UTC (8+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/7] tools build: Only probe the compiler at parse time when it is installed
` [PATCH 2/7] perf build: Add install-build-deps framework to install devel packages
` [PATCH 3/7] perf build: install-build-deps: add Fedora devel package mapping
` [PATCH 4/7] perf build: install-build-deps: add Ubuntu "
` [PATCH 5/7] perf build: install-build-deps: add Debian "
` [PATCH 6/7] perf build: Remove leftover feature tests for removed cxx and clang support
` [PATCH 7/7] perf build: install-build-deps: add RHEL family devel package mapping
[PATCH v3 00/26] mm: Add ALLOC_UNMAPPED and AS_NO_DIRECT_MAP
2026-08-10 21:46 UTC (8+ messages)
` [PATCH v3 03/26] mm: introduce AS_NO_DIRECT_MAP
[linux-next:master 10548/10862] drivers/gpio/gpio-regmap.c:423:28: error: no member named 'irq_reqres' in 'struct regmap_irq_chip'
2026-08-10 21:45 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] net: atheros: atl1: Fix use-after-free in atl1_remove due to race condition
2026-08-10 21:45 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] net: natsemi: ns83820: Fix use-after-free in ns83820_remove_one due to race condition
2026-08-10 21:45 UTC (2+ messages)
[moderation/CI] Re: NTB: Add direct TX/RX using PCI endpoint DMA
2026-08-10 21:44 UTC
[PATCH v7 00/36] Cleaning up the KVM clock mess
2026-08-10 21:05 UTC (6+ messages)
` [PATCH v7 17/36] KVM: x86: Allow KVM master clock mode when TSCs are offset from each other
[PATCH RESEND 1/1] checkpatch: Skip CamelCase cache for --no-tree without root
2026-08-10 21:44 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] net: calxeda: xgmac: Fix use-after-free in xgmac_remove due to race condition
2026-08-10 21:43 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] platform/chrome: cros_ec_proto: Fix deferred response payload handling
2026-08-10 21:43 UTC
[RFC PATCH 00/12] virtio: support devices that own their virtqueue memory
2026-08-10 21:42 UTC (7+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v10 0/7] r8169: add RSS support for RTL8127
2026-08-10 21:41 UTC (8+ messages)
` [PATCH net-next v10 3/7] r8169: add support for new interrupt mapping
` [PATCH net-next v10 5/7] r8169: add support and enable rss
` [PATCH net-next v10 7/7] r8169: support setting rx queue numbers via ethtool
[PATCH v3] tracefs: Add read-only eventfs filesystem at /sys/kernel/events
2026-08-10 21:39 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH 0/4] hw/nmi: Safer vCPU delivery
2026-08-10 21:37 UTC (5+ messages)
` [PATCH 1/4] hw/nmi: Allow delivering to first available vCPU (not by index)
` [PATCH 2/4] hw/nmi: Introduce nmi_cpu_handler() for vcpu-specific delivery
` [PATCH 3/4] hw/s390x: Deliver per-vcpu NMI using nmi_cpu_handler
` [PATCH 4/4] hw/nmi: Remove unused @cpu_index and @errp arguments
[PATCH 5/9] bcache: reduce gc latency by processing less nodes and sleep less time
2026-08-10 21:38 UTC (6+ messages)
[PATCH bpf-next v11 00/10] bpf: Introduce global percpu data
2026-08-10 21:38 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH bpf-next v11 02/10] bpf: Factor out check_map_mem_read helper in verifier
[PATCH v8 0/7] xen/console: some cleanups and configurable conring size
2026-08-10 21:37 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v8 5/7] xen/console: use memcpy() in conring_puts()
[PATCH] worktree add: improve message for ambiguous remote branch name
2026-08-10 21:36 UTC (3+ messages)
[PATCH] x86/pm: Save AMD CPUID leaf 7 across S3
2026-08-10 21:33 UTC (8+ messages)
[PATCH v9 00/11] Dynamic PAMT
2026-08-10 21:33 UTC (4+ messages)
` [PATCH v9 09/11] x86/virt/tdx: Enable "
[PATCH v12 00/11] clk / reset: realtek: Add RTD1625 clock and reset support
2026-08-10 21:32 UTC (7+ messages)
` [PATCH v12 08/11] clk: realtek: Add support for MMC-tuned PLL clocks
` [PATCH v12 09/11] clk: realtek: Add RTD1625-CRT clock controller driver
` [PATCH v12 10/11] clk: realtek: Add RTD1625-ISO "
[PATCH v2] tools: fit: sign all config image references
2026-08-10 21:32 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH] xfs: use -w instead of --path for man program portability
2026-08-10 21:31 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH net-next v10 4/7] r8169: enable new interrupt mapping
2026-08-10 21:31 UTC (2+ messages)
[GIT PULL] KVM (mostly s390) fixes for Linux 7.2-rc7
2026-08-10 21:30 UTC (6+ messages)
[Buildroot] [PATCH] boot/grub2: properly handle autoreconf for target package
2026-08-10 21:29 UTC
[paulmckrcu:dev.2026.03.24a 22/31] kernel/rcu/hazptrtorture.c:508:7: error: implicit declaration of function 'torture_sched_setaffinity'; did you mean 'torture_sched_set_normal'?
2026-08-10 21:27 UTC (2+ messages)
[PATCH bpf-next v2 0/2] bpf: Eliminate unnecessary clone/restore due to constants blinding
2026-08-10 21:27 UTC (3+ messages)
` [PATCH bpf-next v2 2/2] bpf: Remove unnecessary dup/restore subprog_starts and prog clone
page: next (older) | prev (newer) | latest
- recent:[subjects (threaded)|topics (new)|topics (active)]
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.