[f2fs-dev] [PATCH 1/2] mkfs.f2fs: change -c option description

[f2fs-dev] [PATCH 1/2] mkfs.f2fs: change -c option description

[Daeho Jeong]

From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>

Current description confuses users like they can add addtional devices
with one -c option using commas(,) at the same time.

Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
---
 mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
index c98e73c..2ba1c21 100644
--- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
+++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
 	MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
 	MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
-	MSG(0, "  -c device1[,device2,...] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
+	MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
-- 
2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog



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[PATCH 1/2] mkfs.f2fs: change -c option description

[Daeho Jeong]

From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>

Current description confuses users like they can add addtional devices
with one -c option using commas(,) at the same time.

Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
---
 mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
index c98e73c..2ba1c21 100644
--- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
+++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
 	MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
 	MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
-	MSG(0, "  -c device1[,device2,...] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
+	MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
-- 
2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog

[f2fs-dev] [PATCH 2/2] mkfs.f2fs: add device aliasing feature

[Daeho Jeong]

From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>

We can add a device aliasing file which can map the whole device with an
extent, not using node blocks. This mapped area should be pinned and
normally used for read-only usages. After finished using it, we can
deallocate the whole area and return it back to use it for other files.

Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
---
 fsck/dump.c             |  13 ++
 fsck/fsck.c             |  49 ++++--
 fsck/fsck.h             |   4 +-
 fsck/main.c             |   5 +
 include/f2fs_fs.h       |  11 ++
 mkfs/f2fs_format.c      | 335 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c |  30 +++-
 7 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fsck/dump.c b/fsck/dump.c
index 8d5613e..aa9b5d3 100644
--- a/fsck/dump.c
+++ b/fsck/dump.c
@@ -499,6 +499,19 @@ static int dump_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
 	}
 
 	c.show_file_map_max_offset = f2fs_max_file_offset(&node_blk->i);
+
+	if (IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i)) {
+		u32 blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.blk_addr);
+		u32 len = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.len);
+		u32 idx;
+
+		for (idx = 0; idx < len; idx++)
+			dump_data_blk(sbi, idx * F2FS_BLKSIZE, blkaddr++, false);
+		print_extent(true);
+
+		goto dump_xattr;
+	}
+
 	addr_per_block = ADDRS_PER_BLOCK(&node_blk->i);
 
 	/* check data blocks in inode */
diff --git a/fsck/fsck.c b/fsck/fsck.c
index f8607fd..6feb294 100644
--- a/fsck/fsck.c
+++ b/fsck/fsck.c
@@ -914,6 +914,7 @@ void fsck_chk_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
 	int need_fix = 0;
 	int ret;
 	u32 cluster_size = 1 << node_blk->i.i_log_cluster_size;
+	bool is_aliasing = IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i);
 
 	if (!compressed)
 		goto check_next;
@@ -1146,6 +1147,33 @@ check_next:
 				addrs_per_blk * NIDS_PER_BLOCK *
 				NIDS_PER_BLOCK) * F2FS_BLKSIZE;
 	}
+
+	if (is_aliasing) {
+		struct extent_info ei;
+
+		get_extent_info(&ei, &node_blk->i.i_ext);
+		for (idx = 0; idx < ei.len; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
+			block_t blkaddr = ei.blk + idx;
+
+			/* check extent info */
+			check_extent_info(&child, blkaddr, 0);
+			ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, &node_blk->i, blkaddr,
+				&child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),	ftype, nid,
+				idx, ni->version, node_blk);
+			if (!ret) {
+				*blk_cnt = *blk_cnt + 1;
+				if (cur_qtype != -1)
+					qf_last_blkofs[cur_qtype] = child.pgofs;
+			} else if (c.fix_on) {
+				node_blk->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(idx);
+				need_fix = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		goto check;
+	}
+
 	for (idx = 0; idx < addrs; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
 		block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]);
 
@@ -1178,11 +1206,11 @@ check_next:
 				child.pgofs - cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
 			cbc->cnt++;
 		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi,
-				IS_CASEFOLDED(&node_blk->i),
+				&node_blk->i,
 				blkaddr,
 				&child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),
 				ftype, nid, idx, ni->version,
-				file_is_encrypt(&node_blk->i), node_blk);
+				node_blk);
 		if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]))
 			need_fix = 1;
 		if (!ret) {
@@ -1376,7 +1404,7 @@ skip_blkcnt_fix:
 	}
 
 	/* drop extent information to avoid potential wrong access */
-	if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable())
+	if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable() && !is_aliasing)
 		node_blk->i.i_ext.len = 0;
 
 	if ((c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_INODE_CHKSUM) &&
@@ -1448,11 +1476,9 @@ int fsck_chk_dnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
 		if (!compr_rel && blkaddr == NEW_ADDR && child->pgofs -
 				cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
 			cbc->cnt++;
-		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, IS_CASEFOLDED(inode),
-			blkaddr, child,
+		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, inode, blkaddr, child,
 			le64_to_cpu(inode->i_blocks) == *blk_cnt, ftype,
-			nid, idx, ni->version,
-			file_is_encrypt(inode), node_blk);
+			nid, idx, ni->version, node_blk);
 		if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->dn.addr[idx]))
 			need_fix = 1;
 		if (!ret) {
@@ -2056,12 +2082,15 @@ int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded, u32 blk_addr,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
+int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
 		u32 blk_addr, struct child_info *child, int last_blk,
 		enum FILE_TYPE ftype, u32 parent_nid, u16 idx_in_node, u8 ver,
-		int enc_name, struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
+		struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
 {
 	struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
+	int casefolded = IS_CASEFOLDED(inode);
+	int enc_name = file_is_encrypt(inode);
+	int aliasing = IS_ALIASING(inode);
 
 	/* Is it reserved block? */
 	if (blk_addr == NEW_ADDR) {
@@ -2074,7 +2103,7 @@ int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	if (is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
+	if (!aliasing && is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
 						idx_in_node, ver)) {
 		ASSERT_MSG("summary data block is not valid. [0x%x]",
 						parent_nid);
diff --git a/fsck/fsck.h b/fsck/fsck.h
index 6cac926..d306c22 100644
--- a/fsck/fsck.h
+++ b/fsck/fsck.h
@@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ extern int fsck_chk_idnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
 extern int fsck_chk_didnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
 		enum FILE_TYPE, struct f2fs_node *, u32 *,
 		struct f2fs_compr_blk_cnt *, struct child_info *);
-extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
+extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
 		u32, struct child_info *, int, enum FILE_TYPE, u32, u16, u8,
-		int, struct f2fs_node *);
+		struct f2fs_node *);
 extern int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
 		u32, struct child_info *, int, int, struct f2fs_node *);
 int fsck_chk_inline_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_node *,
diff --git a/fsck/main.c b/fsck/main.c
index c13e287..c4f6167 100644
--- a/fsck/main.c
+++ b/fsck/main.c
@@ -976,6 +976,11 @@ static int do_defrag(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	if (get_sb(feature) & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS) {
+		MSG(0, "Not support on image with device aliasing feature.\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
 	if (c.defrag_start > get_sb(block_count))
 		goto out_range;
 	if (c.defrag_start < SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr)
diff --git a/include/f2fs_fs.h b/include/f2fs_fs.h
index fdbc25b..108fde3 100644
--- a/include/f2fs_fs.h
+++ b/include/f2fs_fs.h
@@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ struct device_info {
 	uint64_t start_blkaddr;
 	uint64_t end_blkaddr;
 	uint32_t total_segments;
+	char *alias_filename;
 
 	/* to handle zone block devices */
 	int zoned_model;
@@ -661,7 +662,13 @@ enum {
  */
 #define F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL		0x00000010 /* Immutable file */
 #define F2FS_NOATIME_FL			0x00000080 /* do not update atime */
+#define F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL		0x80000000 /* File for aliasing a device */
+#define IS_ALIASING(fi)     ((fi)->i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL))
 
+/*
+ * On-disk file inline flags (f2fs_inode::i_inline)
+ */
+#define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */
 
 #define F2FS_ENC_UTF8_12_1	1
 #define F2FS_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL	(1 << 0)
@@ -694,6 +701,7 @@ enum {
 #define F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD		0x1000
 #define F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION	0x2000
 #define F2FS_FEATURE_RO			0x4000
+#define F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS	0x8000
 
 #define MAX_NR_FEATURE			32
 
@@ -1515,11 +1523,14 @@ struct f2fs_configuration {
 	time_t fixed_time;
 	int roll_forward;
 	bool need_fsync;
+	int aliased_devices;
+	uint32_t aliased_segments;
 
 	/* mkfs parameters */
 	int fake_seed;
 	uint32_t next_free_nid;
 	uint32_t lpf_ino;
+	uint32_t first_alias_ino;
 	uint32_t root_uid;
 	uint32_t root_gid;
 	uint32_t blksize;
diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
index db1bc89..077f620 100644
--- a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
+++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <f2fs_fs.h>
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
 #include <sys/stat.h>
@@ -39,10 +40,62 @@ struct f2fs_super_block raw_sb;
 struct f2fs_super_block *sb = &raw_sb;
 struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp;
 
+static inline bool device_is_aliased(unsigned int dev_num)
+{
+	if (dev_num >= c.ndevs)
+		return false;
+	return c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename != NULL;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int target_device_index(uint64_t blkaddr)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c.ndevs; i++)
+		if (c.devices[i].start_blkaddr <= blkaddr &&
+				c.devices[i].end_blkaddr >= blkaddr)
+			return i;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define GET_SEGNO(blk_addr) ((blk_addr - get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / \
+				c.blks_per_seg)
+#define START_BLOCK(segno) (segno * c.blks_per_seg + get_sb(main_blkaddr))
+
 /* Return first segment number of each area */
-#define prev_zone(cur)		(c.cur_seg[cur] - c.segs_per_zone)
-#define next_zone(cur)		(c.cur_seg[cur] + c.segs_per_zone)
-#define last_zone(cur)		((cur - 1) * c.segs_per_zone)
+static inline uint32_t next_zone(int seg_type)
+{
+	uint32_t next_seg = c.cur_seg[seg_type] + c.segs_per_zone;
+	uint64_t next_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(next_seg);
+	int dev_num;
+
+	dev_num = target_device_index(next_blkaddr);
+	if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
+		return GET_SEGNO(next_blkaddr);
+
+	while (dev_num < c.ndevs && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
+		dev_num++;
+
+	return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num - 1].end_blkaddr + 1);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t last_zone(uint32_t total_zone)
+{
+	uint32_t last_seg = (total_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_zone;
+	uint64_t last_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(last_seg);
+	int dev_num;
+
+	dev_num = target_device_index(last_blkaddr);
+	if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
+		return GET_SEGNO(last_blkaddr);
+
+	while (dev_num > 0 && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
+		dev_num--;
+
+	return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num + 1].start_blkaddr) -
+		c.segs_per_zone;
+}
+
 #define last_section(cur)	(cur + (c.secs_per_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_sec)
 
 /* Return time fixed by the user or current time by default */
@@ -220,7 +273,7 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
 	uint64_t total_meta_zones, total_meta_segments;
 	uint32_t sit_bitmap_size, max_sit_bitmap_size;
 	uint32_t max_nat_bitmap_size, max_nat_segments;
-	uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones;
+	uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones = 0;
 	enum quota_type qtype;
 	int i;
 
@@ -314,6 +367,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
 			c.devices[i].end_blkaddr = c.devices[i].start_blkaddr +
 					c.devices[i].total_segments *
 					c.blks_per_seg - 1;
+			if (device_is_aliased(i)) {
+				if (c.devices[i].zoned_model ==
+						F2FS_ZONED_HM) {
+					MSG(1, "\tError: do not support "
+					"device aliasing for device[%d]\n", i);
+					return -1;
+				}
+				c.aliased_segments +=
+					c.devices[i].total_segments;
+			}
 		}
 		if (c.ndevs > 1) {
 			memcpy(sb->devs[i].path, c.devices[i].path, MAX_PATH_LEN);
@@ -531,10 +594,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
 	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_LOST_FOUND)
 		c.lpf_ino = c.next_free_nid++;
 
+	if (c.aliased_devices) {
+		c.first_alias_ino = c.next_free_nid;
+		c.next_free_nid += c.aliased_devices;
+		avail_zones += c.aliased_segments / c.segs_per_zone;
+	}
+
 	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
-		avail_zones = 2;
+		avail_zones += 2;
 	else
-		avail_zones = 6;
+		avail_zones += 6;
 
 	if (total_zones <= avail_zones) {
 		MSG(1, "\tError: %d zones: Need more zones "
@@ -701,6 +770,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
 	char *sum_compact, *sum_compact_p;
 	struct f2fs_summary *sum_entry;
 	unsigned short vblocks;
+	uint32_t used_segments = c.aliased_segments;
 	int ret = -1;
 
 	cp = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
@@ -752,9 +822,14 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
 	}
 
 	set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
+	set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
 	set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
+	set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA]);
 	set_cp(valid_block_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
-					c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
+			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA] +
+			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE] +
+			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA] +
+			c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg);
 	set_cp(rsvd_segment_count, c.reserved_segments);
 
 	/*
@@ -802,15 +877,16 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
 					c.reserved_segments);
 
 	/* main segments - reserved segments - (node + data segments) */
-	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO) {
-		set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 2);
-		set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 2 -
-			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
-	} else {
-		set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 6);
-		set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 6 -
-			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
-	}
+	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
+		used_segments += 2;
+	else
+		used_segments += 6;
+
+	set_cp(user_block_count, (f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
+			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg);
+	set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
+			used_segments);
+
 	/* cp page (2), data summaries (1), node summaries (3) */
 	set_cp(cp_pack_total_block_count, 6 + get_sb(cp_payload));
 	flags = CP_UMOUNT_FLAG | CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG;
@@ -826,8 +902,10 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
 
 	set_cp(ckpt_flags, flags);
 	set_cp(cp_pack_start_sum, 1 + get_sb(cp_payload));
-	set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
-	set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
+	set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
+			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
+	set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
+			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
 	set_cp(next_free_nid, c.next_free_nid);
 	set_cp(sit_ver_bitmap_bytesize, ((get_sb(segment_count_sit) / 2) <<
 			get_sb(log_blocks_per_seg)) / 8);
@@ -975,9 +1053,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
 		goto free_cp_payload;
 	}
 
-	/* Fill segment summary for COLD_NODE to zero. */
+	/* Prepare and write Segment summary for COLD_NODE */
 	memset(sum, 0, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
 	SET_SUM_TYPE(sum, SUM_TYPE_NODE);
+	memcpy(sum->entries, c.sum[CURSEG_COLD_NODE],
+			sizeof(struct f2fs_summary) * MAX_CACHE_SUMS);
+
 	cp_seg_blk++;
 	DBG(1, "\tWriting Segment summary for COLD_NODE, at offset 0x%08"PRIx64"\n",
 			cp_seg_blk);
@@ -1210,10 +1291,40 @@ void update_summary_entry(int curseg_type, nid_t nid,
 	sum->ofs_in_node = cpu_to_le16(ofs_in_node);
 }
 
+static void add_dentry(struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk, unsigned int *didx,
+		const char *name, uint32_t ino, u8 type)
+{
+	int len = strlen(name);
+	f2fs_hash_t hash;
+
+	if (name[0] == '.' && (len == 1 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.')))
+		hash = 0;
+	else
+		hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)name, len);
+
+	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
+	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).ino = cpu_to_le32(ino);
+	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
+	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).file_type = type;
+
+	while (len > F2FS_SLOT_LEN) {
+		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name,
+				F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
+		test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
+		len -= (int)F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
+		name += F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
+		(*didx)++;
+	}
+	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name, len);
+	test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
+	(*didx)++;
+}
+
 static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
 {
 	struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk = NULL;
 	block_t data_blkaddr;
+	unsigned int didx = 0;
 
 	dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
 	if(dent_blk == NULL) {
@@ -1221,37 +1332,26 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = sb->root_ino;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
-	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
+	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".",
+			le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
+	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..",
+			le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
 
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
-	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
-
-	/* bitmap for . and .. */
-	test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
-	test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
-
-	if (c.lpf_ino) {
-		int len = strlen(LPF);
-		f2fs_hash_t hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)LPF, len);
+	if (c.lpf_ino)
+		add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, LPF, c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
 
-		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
-		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
-		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
-		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
-		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 2), LPF, F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
+	if (c.aliased_devices) {
+		int i, dev_off = 0;
 
-		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 3), &LPF[F2FS_SLOT_LEN],
-				len - F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
+		for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
+			if (!device_is_aliased(i))
+				continue;
 
-		test_and_set_bit_le(2, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
-		test_and_set_bit_le(3, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
+			add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, c.devices[i].alias_filename,
+					c.first_alias_ino + dev_off,
+					F2FS_FT_REG_FILE);
+			dev_off++;
+		}
 	}
 
 	data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
@@ -1324,6 +1424,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
 	struct v2_disk_dqinfo ddqinfo;
 	struct v2r1_disk_dqblk dqblk;
 	block_t blkaddr;
+	uint64_t icnt = 1, bcnt = 1;
 	int i;
 
 	if (filebuf == NULL) {
@@ -1359,16 +1460,18 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
 	dqblk.dqb_pad = cpu_to_le32(0);
 	dqblk.dqb_ihardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
 	dqblk.dqb_isoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
-	if (c.lpf_ino)
-		dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(2);
-	else
-		dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(1);
+	if (c.lpf_ino) {
+		icnt++;
+		bcnt++;
+	}
+	if (c.aliased_devices) {
+		icnt += c.aliased_devices;
+		bcnt += c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg;
+	}
+	dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(icnt);
 	dqblk.dqb_bhardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
 	dqblk.dqb_bsoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
-	if (c.lpf_ino)
-		dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * 2);
-	else
-		dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE);
+	dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * bcnt);
 	dqblk.dqb_btime = cpu_to_le64(0);
 	dqblk.dqb_itime = cpu_to_le64(0);
 
@@ -1491,6 +1594,7 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
 {
 	struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk;
 	block_t data_blkaddr;
+	unsigned int didx = 0;
 
 	dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
 	if (dent_blk == NULL) {
@@ -1498,20 +1602,8 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
-	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
-
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
-	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
-
-	test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
-	test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
+	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
+	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
 
 	data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
 
@@ -1579,6 +1671,104 @@ exit:
 	return err;
 }
 
+static void allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(struct f2fs_node *raw_node,
+		unsigned int dev_num)
+{
+	uint32_t start_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr -
+			get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / c.blks_per_seg;
+	uint32_t end_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].end_blkaddr -
+			get_sb(main_blkaddr) + 1) / c.blks_per_seg;
+	uint32_t segno;
+	uint64_t blkcnt;
+	struct f2fs_sit_block *sit_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
+
+	ASSERT(sit_blk);
+
+	for (segno = start_segno; segno < end_segno; segno++) {
+		struct f2fs_sit_entry *sit;
+		uint64_t sit_blk_addr = get_sb(sit_blkaddr) +
+			(segno / SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
+
+		ASSERT(dev_read_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
+		sit = &sit_blk->entries[segno % SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK];
+		memset(&sit->valid_map, 0xFF, SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE);
+		sit->vblocks = cpu_to_le16((CURSEG_COLD_DATA <<
+					SIT_VBLOCKS_SHIFT) | c.blks_per_seg);
+		sit->mtime = cpu_to_le64(mkfs_time);
+		ASSERT(dev_write_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
+	}
+
+	blkcnt = (end_segno - start_segno) * c.blks_per_seg;
+	raw_node->i.i_size = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt << get_sb(log_blocksize));
+	raw_node->i.i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt + 1);
+
+	raw_node->i.i_ext.fofs = cpu_to_le32(0);
+	raw_node->i.i_ext.blk_addr =
+		cpu_to_le32(c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr);
+	raw_node->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(blkcnt);
+
+	free(sit_blk);
+}
+
+static int f2fs_write_alias_inodes(void)
+{
+	struct f2fs_node *raw_node;
+	block_t node_blkaddr;
+	int err = 0;
+	unsigned int i, dev_off = 0;
+
+	ASSERT(c.aliased_devices);
+
+	raw_node = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
+	if (raw_node == NULL) {
+		MSG(1, "\tError: Calloc Failed for raw_node!!!\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
+		const char *filename;
+		nid_t ino;
+
+		if (!device_is_aliased(i))
+			continue;
+
+		ino = c.first_alias_ino + dev_off;
+		dev_off++;
+		f2fs_init_inode(sb, raw_node, ino, mkfs_time, 0x81c0);
+
+		raw_node->i.i_flags = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL |
+				F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL);
+		raw_node->i.i_inline = F2FS_PIN_FILE;
+		raw_node->i.i_pino = sb->root_ino;
+		filename = c.devices[i].alias_filename;
+		raw_node->i.i_namelen = cpu_to_le32(strlen(filename));
+		memcpy(raw_node->i.i_name, filename, strlen(filename));
+
+		node_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
+		F2FS_NODE_FOOTER(raw_node)->next_blkaddr =
+			cpu_to_le32(node_blkaddr + 1);
+
+		allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(raw_node, i);
+
+		DBG(1, "\tWriting aliased device inode (cold node), "
+				"offset 0x%x\n", node_blkaddr);
+		if (write_inode(raw_node, node_blkaddr) < 0) {
+			MSG(1, "\tError: While writing the raw_node to "
+					"disk!!!\n");
+			err = -1;
+			goto exit;
+		}
+
+		update_nat_journal(ino, node_blkaddr);
+		update_sit_journal(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
+		update_summary_entry(CURSEG_COLD_NODE, ino, 0);
+	}
+
+exit:
+	free(raw_node);
+	return err;
+}
+
 static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
 {
 	enum quota_type qtype;
@@ -1608,6 +1798,15 @@ static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (c.aliased_devices) {
+		err = f2fs_write_alias_inodes();
+		if (err < 0) {
+			MSG(1, "\tError: Failed to write aliased device "
+				"inodes!!!\n");
+			goto exit;
+		}
+	}
+
 #ifndef WITH_ANDROID
 	err = f2fs_discard_obsolete_dnode();
 	if (err < 0) {
diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
index 2ba1c21..b113bbc 100644
--- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
+++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
 	MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
 	MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
-	MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
+	MSG(0, "  -c [device_name[@alias_filename]] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
@@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ static void f2fs_show_info()
 
 	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION)
 		MSG(0, "Info: Enable Compression\n");
+
+	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS)
+		MSG(0, "Info: Enable device aliasing\n");
 }
 
 #if defined(ANDROID_TARGET) && defined(HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H)
@@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
 	int32_t option=0;
 	int val;
 	char *token;
+	int dev_num;
 
 	while ((option = getopt_long(argc,argv,option_string,long_opts,NULL)) != EOF) {
 		switch (option) {
@@ -200,17 +204,35 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'c':
-			if (c.ndevs >= MAX_DEVICES) {
+			dev_num = c.ndevs;
+
+			if (dev_num >= MAX_DEVICES) {
 				MSG(0, "Error: Too many devices\n");
 				mkfs_usage();
 			}
 
-			if (strlen(optarg) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
+			token = strtok(optarg, "@");
+			if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
 				MSG(0, "Error: device path should be less than "
 					"%d characters\n", MAX_PATH_LEN);
 				mkfs_usage();
 			}
-			c.devices[c.ndevs++].path = strdup(optarg);
+			c.devices[dev_num].path = strdup(token);
+			token = strtok(NULL, "");
+			if (token) {
+				if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
+					MSG(0, "Error: alias_filename should "
+						"be less than %d characters\n",
+						MAX_PATH_LEN);
+					mkfs_usage();
+				}
+				c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename =
+					strdup(token);
+				if (!c.aliased_devices)
+					c.feature |= F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS;
+				c.aliased_devices++;
+			}
+			c.ndevs++;
 			break;
 		case 'd':
 			c.dbg_lv = atoi(optarg);
-- 
2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog



_______________________________________________
Linux-f2fs-devel mailing list
Linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linux-f2fs-devel

[PATCH 2/2] mkfs.f2fs: add device aliasing feature

[Daeho Jeong]

From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>

We can add a device aliasing file which can map the whole device with an
extent, not using node blocks. This mapped area should be pinned and
normally used for read-only usages. After finished using it, we can
deallocate the whole area and return it back to use it for other files.

Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
---
 fsck/dump.c             |  13 ++
 fsck/fsck.c             |  49 ++++--
 fsck/fsck.h             |   4 +-
 fsck/main.c             |   5 +
 include/f2fs_fs.h       |  11 ++
 mkfs/f2fs_format.c      | 335 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c |  30 +++-
 7 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fsck/dump.c b/fsck/dump.c
index 8d5613e..aa9b5d3 100644
--- a/fsck/dump.c
+++ b/fsck/dump.c
@@ -499,6 +499,19 @@ static int dump_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
 	}
 
 	c.show_file_map_max_offset = f2fs_max_file_offset(&node_blk->i);
+
+	if (IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i)) {
+		u32 blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.blk_addr);
+		u32 len = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.len);
+		u32 idx;
+
+		for (idx = 0; idx < len; idx++)
+			dump_data_blk(sbi, idx * F2FS_BLKSIZE, blkaddr++, false);
+		print_extent(true);
+
+		goto dump_xattr;
+	}
+
 	addr_per_block = ADDRS_PER_BLOCK(&node_blk->i);
 
 	/* check data blocks in inode */
diff --git a/fsck/fsck.c b/fsck/fsck.c
index f8607fd..6feb294 100644
--- a/fsck/fsck.c
+++ b/fsck/fsck.c
@@ -914,6 +914,7 @@ void fsck_chk_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
 	int need_fix = 0;
 	int ret;
 	u32 cluster_size = 1 << node_blk->i.i_log_cluster_size;
+	bool is_aliasing = IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i);
 
 	if (!compressed)
 		goto check_next;
@@ -1146,6 +1147,33 @@ check_next:
 				addrs_per_blk * NIDS_PER_BLOCK *
 				NIDS_PER_BLOCK) * F2FS_BLKSIZE;
 	}
+
+	if (is_aliasing) {
+		struct extent_info ei;
+
+		get_extent_info(&ei, &node_blk->i.i_ext);
+		for (idx = 0; idx < ei.len; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
+			block_t blkaddr = ei.blk + idx;
+
+			/* check extent info */
+			check_extent_info(&child, blkaddr, 0);
+			ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, &node_blk->i, blkaddr,
+				&child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),	ftype, nid,
+				idx, ni->version, node_blk);
+			if (!ret) {
+				*blk_cnt = *blk_cnt + 1;
+				if (cur_qtype != -1)
+					qf_last_blkofs[cur_qtype] = child.pgofs;
+			} else if (c.fix_on) {
+				node_blk->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(idx);
+				need_fix = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		goto check;
+	}
+
 	for (idx = 0; idx < addrs; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
 		block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]);
 
@@ -1178,11 +1206,11 @@ check_next:
 				child.pgofs - cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
 			cbc->cnt++;
 		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi,
-				IS_CASEFOLDED(&node_blk->i),
+				&node_blk->i,
 				blkaddr,
 				&child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),
 				ftype, nid, idx, ni->version,
-				file_is_encrypt(&node_blk->i), node_blk);
+				node_blk);
 		if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]))
 			need_fix = 1;
 		if (!ret) {
@@ -1376,7 +1404,7 @@ skip_blkcnt_fix:
 	}
 
 	/* drop extent information to avoid potential wrong access */
-	if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable())
+	if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable() && !is_aliasing)
 		node_blk->i.i_ext.len = 0;
 
 	if ((c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_INODE_CHKSUM) &&
@@ -1448,11 +1476,9 @@ int fsck_chk_dnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
 		if (!compr_rel && blkaddr == NEW_ADDR && child->pgofs -
 				cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
 			cbc->cnt++;
-		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, IS_CASEFOLDED(inode),
-			blkaddr, child,
+		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, inode, blkaddr, child,
 			le64_to_cpu(inode->i_blocks) == *blk_cnt, ftype,
-			nid, idx, ni->version,
-			file_is_encrypt(inode), node_blk);
+			nid, idx, ni->version, node_blk);
 		if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->dn.addr[idx]))
 			need_fix = 1;
 		if (!ret) {
@@ -2056,12 +2082,15 @@ int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded, u32 blk_addr,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
+int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
 		u32 blk_addr, struct child_info *child, int last_blk,
 		enum FILE_TYPE ftype, u32 parent_nid, u16 idx_in_node, u8 ver,
-		int enc_name, struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
+		struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
 {
 	struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
+	int casefolded = IS_CASEFOLDED(inode);
+	int enc_name = file_is_encrypt(inode);
+	int aliasing = IS_ALIASING(inode);
 
 	/* Is it reserved block? */
 	if (blk_addr == NEW_ADDR) {
@@ -2074,7 +2103,7 @@ int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	if (is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
+	if (!aliasing && is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
 						idx_in_node, ver)) {
 		ASSERT_MSG("summary data block is not valid. [0x%x]",
 						parent_nid);
diff --git a/fsck/fsck.h b/fsck/fsck.h
index 6cac926..d306c22 100644
--- a/fsck/fsck.h
+++ b/fsck/fsck.h
@@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ extern int fsck_chk_idnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
 extern int fsck_chk_didnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
 		enum FILE_TYPE, struct f2fs_node *, u32 *,
 		struct f2fs_compr_blk_cnt *, struct child_info *);
-extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
+extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
 		u32, struct child_info *, int, enum FILE_TYPE, u32, u16, u8,
-		int, struct f2fs_node *);
+		struct f2fs_node *);
 extern int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
 		u32, struct child_info *, int, int, struct f2fs_node *);
 int fsck_chk_inline_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_node *,
diff --git a/fsck/main.c b/fsck/main.c
index c13e287..c4f6167 100644
--- a/fsck/main.c
+++ b/fsck/main.c
@@ -976,6 +976,11 @@ static int do_defrag(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	if (get_sb(feature) & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS) {
+		MSG(0, "Not support on image with device aliasing feature.\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
 	if (c.defrag_start > get_sb(block_count))
 		goto out_range;
 	if (c.defrag_start < SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr)
diff --git a/include/f2fs_fs.h b/include/f2fs_fs.h
index fdbc25b..108fde3 100644
--- a/include/f2fs_fs.h
+++ b/include/f2fs_fs.h
@@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ struct device_info {
 	uint64_t start_blkaddr;
 	uint64_t end_blkaddr;
 	uint32_t total_segments;
+	char *alias_filename;
 
 	/* to handle zone block devices */
 	int zoned_model;
@@ -661,7 +662,13 @@ enum {
  */
 #define F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL		0x00000010 /* Immutable file */
 #define F2FS_NOATIME_FL			0x00000080 /* do not update atime */
+#define F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL		0x80000000 /* File for aliasing a device */
+#define IS_ALIASING(fi)     ((fi)->i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL))
 
+/*
+ * On-disk file inline flags (f2fs_inode::i_inline)
+ */
+#define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */
 
 #define F2FS_ENC_UTF8_12_1	1
 #define F2FS_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL	(1 << 0)
@@ -694,6 +701,7 @@ enum {
 #define F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD		0x1000
 #define F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION	0x2000
 #define F2FS_FEATURE_RO			0x4000
+#define F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS	0x8000
 
 #define MAX_NR_FEATURE			32
 
@@ -1515,11 +1523,14 @@ struct f2fs_configuration {
 	time_t fixed_time;
 	int roll_forward;
 	bool need_fsync;
+	int aliased_devices;
+	uint32_t aliased_segments;
 
 	/* mkfs parameters */
 	int fake_seed;
 	uint32_t next_free_nid;
 	uint32_t lpf_ino;
+	uint32_t first_alias_ino;
 	uint32_t root_uid;
 	uint32_t root_gid;
 	uint32_t blksize;
diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
index db1bc89..077f620 100644
--- a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
+++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <f2fs_fs.h>
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
 #include <sys/stat.h>
@@ -39,10 +40,62 @@ struct f2fs_super_block raw_sb;
 struct f2fs_super_block *sb = &raw_sb;
 struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp;
 
+static inline bool device_is_aliased(unsigned int dev_num)
+{
+	if (dev_num >= c.ndevs)
+		return false;
+	return c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename != NULL;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int target_device_index(uint64_t blkaddr)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c.ndevs; i++)
+		if (c.devices[i].start_blkaddr <= blkaddr &&
+				c.devices[i].end_blkaddr >= blkaddr)
+			return i;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define GET_SEGNO(blk_addr) ((blk_addr - get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / \
+				c.blks_per_seg)
+#define START_BLOCK(segno) (segno * c.blks_per_seg + get_sb(main_blkaddr))
+
 /* Return first segment number of each area */
-#define prev_zone(cur)		(c.cur_seg[cur] - c.segs_per_zone)
-#define next_zone(cur)		(c.cur_seg[cur] + c.segs_per_zone)
-#define last_zone(cur)		((cur - 1) * c.segs_per_zone)
+static inline uint32_t next_zone(int seg_type)
+{
+	uint32_t next_seg = c.cur_seg[seg_type] + c.segs_per_zone;
+	uint64_t next_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(next_seg);
+	int dev_num;
+
+	dev_num = target_device_index(next_blkaddr);
+	if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
+		return GET_SEGNO(next_blkaddr);
+
+	while (dev_num < c.ndevs && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
+		dev_num++;
+
+	return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num - 1].end_blkaddr + 1);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t last_zone(uint32_t total_zone)
+{
+	uint32_t last_seg = (total_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_zone;
+	uint64_t last_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(last_seg);
+	int dev_num;
+
+	dev_num = target_device_index(last_blkaddr);
+	if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
+		return GET_SEGNO(last_blkaddr);
+
+	while (dev_num > 0 && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
+		dev_num--;
+
+	return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num + 1].start_blkaddr) -
+		c.segs_per_zone;
+}
+
 #define last_section(cur)	(cur + (c.secs_per_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_sec)
 
 /* Return time fixed by the user or current time by default */
@@ -220,7 +273,7 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
 	uint64_t total_meta_zones, total_meta_segments;
 	uint32_t sit_bitmap_size, max_sit_bitmap_size;
 	uint32_t max_nat_bitmap_size, max_nat_segments;
-	uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones;
+	uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones = 0;
 	enum quota_type qtype;
 	int i;
 
@@ -314,6 +367,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
 			c.devices[i].end_blkaddr = c.devices[i].start_blkaddr +
 					c.devices[i].total_segments *
 					c.blks_per_seg - 1;
+			if (device_is_aliased(i)) {
+				if (c.devices[i].zoned_model ==
+						F2FS_ZONED_HM) {
+					MSG(1, "\tError: do not support "
+					"device aliasing for device[%d]\n", i);
+					return -1;
+				}
+				c.aliased_segments +=
+					c.devices[i].total_segments;
+			}
 		}
 		if (c.ndevs > 1) {
 			memcpy(sb->devs[i].path, c.devices[i].path, MAX_PATH_LEN);
@@ -531,10 +594,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
 	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_LOST_FOUND)
 		c.lpf_ino = c.next_free_nid++;
 
+	if (c.aliased_devices) {
+		c.first_alias_ino = c.next_free_nid;
+		c.next_free_nid += c.aliased_devices;
+		avail_zones += c.aliased_segments / c.segs_per_zone;
+	}
+
 	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
-		avail_zones = 2;
+		avail_zones += 2;
 	else
-		avail_zones = 6;
+		avail_zones += 6;
 
 	if (total_zones <= avail_zones) {
 		MSG(1, "\tError: %d zones: Need more zones "
@@ -701,6 +770,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
 	char *sum_compact, *sum_compact_p;
 	struct f2fs_summary *sum_entry;
 	unsigned short vblocks;
+	uint32_t used_segments = c.aliased_segments;
 	int ret = -1;
 
 	cp = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
@@ -752,9 +822,14 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
 	}
 
 	set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
+	set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
 	set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
+	set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA]);
 	set_cp(valid_block_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
-					c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
+			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA] +
+			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE] +
+			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA] +
+			c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg);
 	set_cp(rsvd_segment_count, c.reserved_segments);
 
 	/*
@@ -802,15 +877,16 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
 					c.reserved_segments);
 
 	/* main segments - reserved segments - (node + data segments) */
-	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO) {
-		set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 2);
-		set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 2 -
-			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
-	} else {
-		set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 6);
-		set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 6 -
-			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
-	}
+	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
+		used_segments += 2;
+	else
+		used_segments += 6;
+
+	set_cp(user_block_count, (f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
+			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg);
+	set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
+			used_segments);
+
 	/* cp page (2), data summaries (1), node summaries (3) */
 	set_cp(cp_pack_total_block_count, 6 + get_sb(cp_payload));
 	flags = CP_UMOUNT_FLAG | CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG;
@@ -826,8 +902,10 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
 
 	set_cp(ckpt_flags, flags);
 	set_cp(cp_pack_start_sum, 1 + get_sb(cp_payload));
-	set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
-	set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
+	set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
+			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
+	set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
+			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
 	set_cp(next_free_nid, c.next_free_nid);
 	set_cp(sit_ver_bitmap_bytesize, ((get_sb(segment_count_sit) / 2) <<
 			get_sb(log_blocks_per_seg)) / 8);
@@ -975,9 +1053,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
 		goto free_cp_payload;
 	}
 
-	/* Fill segment summary for COLD_NODE to zero. */
+	/* Prepare and write Segment summary for COLD_NODE */
 	memset(sum, 0, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
 	SET_SUM_TYPE(sum, SUM_TYPE_NODE);
+	memcpy(sum->entries, c.sum[CURSEG_COLD_NODE],
+			sizeof(struct f2fs_summary) * MAX_CACHE_SUMS);
+
 	cp_seg_blk++;
 	DBG(1, "\tWriting Segment summary for COLD_NODE, at offset 0x%08"PRIx64"\n",
 			cp_seg_blk);
@@ -1210,10 +1291,40 @@ void update_summary_entry(int curseg_type, nid_t nid,
 	sum->ofs_in_node = cpu_to_le16(ofs_in_node);
 }
 
+static void add_dentry(struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk, unsigned int *didx,
+		const char *name, uint32_t ino, u8 type)
+{
+	int len = strlen(name);
+	f2fs_hash_t hash;
+
+	if (name[0] == '.' && (len == 1 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.')))
+		hash = 0;
+	else
+		hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)name, len);
+
+	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
+	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).ino = cpu_to_le32(ino);
+	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
+	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).file_type = type;
+
+	while (len > F2FS_SLOT_LEN) {
+		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name,
+				F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
+		test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
+		len -= (int)F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
+		name += F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
+		(*didx)++;
+	}
+	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name, len);
+	test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
+	(*didx)++;
+}
+
 static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
 {
 	struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk = NULL;
 	block_t data_blkaddr;
+	unsigned int didx = 0;
 
 	dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
 	if(dent_blk == NULL) {
@@ -1221,37 +1332,26 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = sb->root_ino;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
-	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
+	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".",
+			le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
+	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..",
+			le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
 
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
-	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
-
-	/* bitmap for . and .. */
-	test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
-	test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
-
-	if (c.lpf_ino) {
-		int len = strlen(LPF);
-		f2fs_hash_t hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)LPF, len);
+	if (c.lpf_ino)
+		add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, LPF, c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
 
-		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
-		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
-		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
-		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
-		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 2), LPF, F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
+	if (c.aliased_devices) {
+		int i, dev_off = 0;
 
-		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 3), &LPF[F2FS_SLOT_LEN],
-				len - F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
+		for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
+			if (!device_is_aliased(i))
+				continue;
 
-		test_and_set_bit_le(2, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
-		test_and_set_bit_le(3, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
+			add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, c.devices[i].alias_filename,
+					c.first_alias_ino + dev_off,
+					F2FS_FT_REG_FILE);
+			dev_off++;
+		}
 	}
 
 	data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
@@ -1324,6 +1424,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
 	struct v2_disk_dqinfo ddqinfo;
 	struct v2r1_disk_dqblk dqblk;
 	block_t blkaddr;
+	uint64_t icnt = 1, bcnt = 1;
 	int i;
 
 	if (filebuf == NULL) {
@@ -1359,16 +1460,18 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
 	dqblk.dqb_pad = cpu_to_le32(0);
 	dqblk.dqb_ihardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
 	dqblk.dqb_isoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
-	if (c.lpf_ino)
-		dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(2);
-	else
-		dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(1);
+	if (c.lpf_ino) {
+		icnt++;
+		bcnt++;
+	}
+	if (c.aliased_devices) {
+		icnt += c.aliased_devices;
+		bcnt += c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg;
+	}
+	dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(icnt);
 	dqblk.dqb_bhardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
 	dqblk.dqb_bsoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
-	if (c.lpf_ino)
-		dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * 2);
-	else
-		dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE);
+	dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * bcnt);
 	dqblk.dqb_btime = cpu_to_le64(0);
 	dqblk.dqb_itime = cpu_to_le64(0);
 
@@ -1491,6 +1594,7 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
 {
 	struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk;
 	block_t data_blkaddr;
+	unsigned int didx = 0;
 
 	dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
 	if (dent_blk == NULL) {
@@ -1498,20 +1602,8 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
-	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
-
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
-	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
-	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
-
-	test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
-	test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
+	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
+	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
 
 	data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
 
@@ -1579,6 +1671,104 @@ exit:
 	return err;
 }
 
+static void allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(struct f2fs_node *raw_node,
+		unsigned int dev_num)
+{
+	uint32_t start_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr -
+			get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / c.blks_per_seg;
+	uint32_t end_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].end_blkaddr -
+			get_sb(main_blkaddr) + 1) / c.blks_per_seg;
+	uint32_t segno;
+	uint64_t blkcnt;
+	struct f2fs_sit_block *sit_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
+
+	ASSERT(sit_blk);
+
+	for (segno = start_segno; segno < end_segno; segno++) {
+		struct f2fs_sit_entry *sit;
+		uint64_t sit_blk_addr = get_sb(sit_blkaddr) +
+			(segno / SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
+
+		ASSERT(dev_read_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
+		sit = &sit_blk->entries[segno % SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK];
+		memset(&sit->valid_map, 0xFF, SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE);
+		sit->vblocks = cpu_to_le16((CURSEG_COLD_DATA <<
+					SIT_VBLOCKS_SHIFT) | c.blks_per_seg);
+		sit->mtime = cpu_to_le64(mkfs_time);
+		ASSERT(dev_write_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
+	}
+
+	blkcnt = (end_segno - start_segno) * c.blks_per_seg;
+	raw_node->i.i_size = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt << get_sb(log_blocksize));
+	raw_node->i.i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt + 1);
+
+	raw_node->i.i_ext.fofs = cpu_to_le32(0);
+	raw_node->i.i_ext.blk_addr =
+		cpu_to_le32(c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr);
+	raw_node->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(blkcnt);
+
+	free(sit_blk);
+}
+
+static int f2fs_write_alias_inodes(void)
+{
+	struct f2fs_node *raw_node;
+	block_t node_blkaddr;
+	int err = 0;
+	unsigned int i, dev_off = 0;
+
+	ASSERT(c.aliased_devices);
+
+	raw_node = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
+	if (raw_node == NULL) {
+		MSG(1, "\tError: Calloc Failed for raw_node!!!\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
+		const char *filename;
+		nid_t ino;
+
+		if (!device_is_aliased(i))
+			continue;
+
+		ino = c.first_alias_ino + dev_off;
+		dev_off++;
+		f2fs_init_inode(sb, raw_node, ino, mkfs_time, 0x81c0);
+
+		raw_node->i.i_flags = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL |
+				F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL);
+		raw_node->i.i_inline = F2FS_PIN_FILE;
+		raw_node->i.i_pino = sb->root_ino;
+		filename = c.devices[i].alias_filename;
+		raw_node->i.i_namelen = cpu_to_le32(strlen(filename));
+		memcpy(raw_node->i.i_name, filename, strlen(filename));
+
+		node_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
+		F2FS_NODE_FOOTER(raw_node)->next_blkaddr =
+			cpu_to_le32(node_blkaddr + 1);
+
+		allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(raw_node, i);
+
+		DBG(1, "\tWriting aliased device inode (cold node), "
+				"offset 0x%x\n", node_blkaddr);
+		if (write_inode(raw_node, node_blkaddr) < 0) {
+			MSG(1, "\tError: While writing the raw_node to "
+					"disk!!!\n");
+			err = -1;
+			goto exit;
+		}
+
+		update_nat_journal(ino, node_blkaddr);
+		update_sit_journal(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
+		update_summary_entry(CURSEG_COLD_NODE, ino, 0);
+	}
+
+exit:
+	free(raw_node);
+	return err;
+}
+
 static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
 {
 	enum quota_type qtype;
@@ -1608,6 +1798,15 @@ static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (c.aliased_devices) {
+		err = f2fs_write_alias_inodes();
+		if (err < 0) {
+			MSG(1, "\tError: Failed to write aliased device "
+				"inodes!!!\n");
+			goto exit;
+		}
+	}
+
 #ifndef WITH_ANDROID
 	err = f2fs_discard_obsolete_dnode();
 	if (err < 0) {
diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
index 2ba1c21..b113bbc 100644
--- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
+++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
 	MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
 	MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
-	MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
+	MSG(0, "  -c [device_name[@alias_filename]] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
 	MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
@@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ static void f2fs_show_info()
 
 	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION)
 		MSG(0, "Info: Enable Compression\n");
+
+	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS)
+		MSG(0, "Info: Enable device aliasing\n");
 }
 
 #if defined(ANDROID_TARGET) && defined(HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H)
@@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
 	int32_t option=0;
 	int val;
 	char *token;
+	int dev_num;
 
 	while ((option = getopt_long(argc,argv,option_string,long_opts,NULL)) != EOF) {
 		switch (option) {
@@ -200,17 +204,35 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'c':
-			if (c.ndevs >= MAX_DEVICES) {
+			dev_num = c.ndevs;
+
+			if (dev_num >= MAX_DEVICES) {
 				MSG(0, "Error: Too many devices\n");
 				mkfs_usage();
 			}
 
-			if (strlen(optarg) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
+			token = strtok(optarg, "@");
+			if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
 				MSG(0, "Error: device path should be less than "
 					"%d characters\n", MAX_PATH_LEN);
 				mkfs_usage();
 			}
-			c.devices[c.ndevs++].path = strdup(optarg);
+			c.devices[dev_num].path = strdup(token);
+			token = strtok(NULL, "");
+			if (token) {
+				if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
+					MSG(0, "Error: alias_filename should "
+						"be less than %d characters\n",
+						MAX_PATH_LEN);
+					mkfs_usage();
+				}
+				c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename =
+					strdup(token);
+				if (!c.aliased_devices)
+					c.feature |= F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS;
+				c.aliased_devices++;
+			}
+			c.ndevs++;
 			break;
 		case 'd':
 			c.dbg_lv = atoi(optarg);
-- 
2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog

Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH 2/2] mkfs.f2fs: add device aliasing feature

[Jaegeuk Kim via Linux-f2fs-devel]

On 09/13, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> 
> We can add a device aliasing file which can map the whole device with an
> extent, not using node blocks. This mapped area should be pinned and
> normally used for read-only usages. After finished using it, we can
> deallocate the whole area and return it back to use it for other files.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> ---
>  fsck/dump.c             |  13 ++
>  fsck/fsck.c             |  49 ++++--
>  fsck/fsck.h             |   4 +-
>  fsck/main.c             |   5 +
>  include/f2fs_fs.h       |  11 ++
>  mkfs/f2fs_format.c      | 335 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
>  mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c |  30 +++-
>  7 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/fsck/dump.c b/fsck/dump.c
> index 8d5613e..aa9b5d3 100644
> --- a/fsck/dump.c
> +++ b/fsck/dump.c
> @@ -499,6 +499,19 @@ static int dump_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
>  	}
>  
>  	c.show_file_map_max_offset = f2fs_max_file_offset(&node_blk->i);
> +
> +	if (IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i)) {
> +		u32 blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.blk_addr);
> +		u32 len = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.len);
> +		u32 idx;
> +
> +		for (idx = 0; idx < len; idx++)
> +			dump_data_blk(sbi, idx * F2FS_BLKSIZE, blkaddr++, false);
> +		print_extent(true);
> +
> +		goto dump_xattr;
> +	}
> +
>  	addr_per_block = ADDRS_PER_BLOCK(&node_blk->i);
>  
>  	/* check data blocks in inode */
> diff --git a/fsck/fsck.c b/fsck/fsck.c
> index f8607fd..6feb294 100644
> --- a/fsck/fsck.c
> +++ b/fsck/fsck.c
> @@ -914,6 +914,7 @@ void fsck_chk_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
>  	int need_fix = 0;
>  	int ret;
>  	u32 cluster_size = 1 << node_blk->i.i_log_cluster_size;
> +	bool is_aliasing = IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i);
>  
>  	if (!compressed)
>  		goto check_next;
> @@ -1146,6 +1147,33 @@ check_next:
>  				addrs_per_blk * NIDS_PER_BLOCK *
>  				NIDS_PER_BLOCK) * F2FS_BLKSIZE;
>  	}
> +
> +	if (is_aliasing) {
> +		struct extent_info ei;
> +
> +		get_extent_info(&ei, &node_blk->i.i_ext);
> +		for (idx = 0; idx < ei.len; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> +			block_t blkaddr = ei.blk + idx;
> +
> +			/* check extent info */
> +			check_extent_info(&child, blkaddr, 0);
> +			ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, &node_blk->i, blkaddr,
> +				&child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),	ftype, nid,
> +				idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> +			if (!ret) {
> +				*blk_cnt = *blk_cnt + 1;
> +				if (cur_qtype != -1)
> +					qf_last_blkofs[cur_qtype] = child.pgofs;
> +			} else if (c.fix_on) {
> +				node_blk->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(idx);
> +				need_fix = 1;
> +				break;
> +			}
> +		}
> +
> +		goto check;
> +	}
> +
>  	for (idx = 0; idx < addrs; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
>  		block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]);
>  
> @@ -1178,11 +1206,11 @@ check_next:
>  				child.pgofs - cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
>  			cbc->cnt++;
>  		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi,
> -				IS_CASEFOLDED(&node_blk->i),
> +				&node_blk->i,
>  				blkaddr,
>  				&child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),
>  				ftype, nid, idx, ni->version,
> -				file_is_encrypt(&node_blk->i), node_blk);
> +				node_blk);
>  		if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]))
>  			need_fix = 1;
>  		if (!ret) {
> @@ -1376,7 +1404,7 @@ skip_blkcnt_fix:
>  	}
>  
>  	/* drop extent information to avoid potential wrong access */
> -	if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable())
> +	if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable() && !is_aliasing)
>  		node_blk->i.i_ext.len = 0;
>  
>  	if ((c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_INODE_CHKSUM) &&
> @@ -1448,11 +1476,9 @@ int fsck_chk_dnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
>  		if (!compr_rel && blkaddr == NEW_ADDR && child->pgofs -
>  				cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
>  			cbc->cnt++;
> -		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, IS_CASEFOLDED(inode),
> -			blkaddr, child,
> +		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, inode, blkaddr, child,
>  			le64_to_cpu(inode->i_blocks) == *blk_cnt, ftype,
> -			nid, idx, ni->version,
> -			file_is_encrypt(inode), node_blk);
> +			nid, idx, ni->version, node_blk);
>  		if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->dn.addr[idx]))
>  			need_fix = 1;
>  		if (!ret) {
> @@ -2056,12 +2082,15 @@ int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded, u32 blk_addr,
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> -int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> +int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
>  		u32 blk_addr, struct child_info *child, int last_blk,
>  		enum FILE_TYPE ftype, u32 parent_nid, u16 idx_in_node, u8 ver,
> -		int enc_name, struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> +		struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
>  {
>  	struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
> +	int casefolded = IS_CASEFOLDED(inode);
> +	int enc_name = file_is_encrypt(inode);
> +	int aliasing = IS_ALIASING(inode);
>  
>  	/* Is it reserved block? */
>  	if (blk_addr == NEW_ADDR) {
> @@ -2074,7 +2103,7 @@ int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
>  		return -EINVAL;
>  	}
>  
> -	if (is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> +	if (!aliasing && is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
>  						idx_in_node, ver)) {
>  		ASSERT_MSG("summary data block is not valid. [0x%x]",
>  						parent_nid);
> diff --git a/fsck/fsck.h b/fsck/fsck.h
> index 6cac926..d306c22 100644
> --- a/fsck/fsck.h
> +++ b/fsck/fsck.h
> @@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ extern int fsck_chk_idnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
>  extern int fsck_chk_didnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
>  		enum FILE_TYPE, struct f2fs_node *, u32 *,
>  		struct f2fs_compr_blk_cnt *, struct child_info *);
> -extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> +extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
>  		u32, struct child_info *, int, enum FILE_TYPE, u32, u16, u8,
> -		int, struct f2fs_node *);
> +		struct f2fs_node *);
>  extern int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
>  		u32, struct child_info *, int, int, struct f2fs_node *);
>  int fsck_chk_inline_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_node *,
> diff --git a/fsck/main.c b/fsck/main.c
> index c13e287..c4f6167 100644
> --- a/fsck/main.c
> +++ b/fsck/main.c
> @@ -976,6 +976,11 @@ static int do_defrag(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
>  		return -1;
>  	}
>  
> +	if (get_sb(feature) & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS) {
> +		MSG(0, "Not support on image with device aliasing feature.\n");
> +		return -1;
> +	}
> +
>  	if (c.defrag_start > get_sb(block_count))
>  		goto out_range;
>  	if (c.defrag_start < SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr)
> diff --git a/include/f2fs_fs.h b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> index fdbc25b..108fde3 100644
> --- a/include/f2fs_fs.h
> +++ b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> @@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ struct device_info {
>  	uint64_t start_blkaddr;
>  	uint64_t end_blkaddr;
>  	uint32_t total_segments;
> +	char *alias_filename;
>  
>  	/* to handle zone block devices */
>  	int zoned_model;
> @@ -661,7 +662,13 @@ enum {
>   */
>  #define F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL		0x00000010 /* Immutable file */
>  #define F2FS_NOATIME_FL			0x00000080 /* do not update atime */
> +#define F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL		0x80000000 /* File for aliasing a device */
> +#define IS_ALIASING(fi)     ((fi)->i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL))

Could you please rebase on the latest f2fs-tools? I got merge conflict around
here.

>  
> +/*
> + * On-disk file inline flags (f2fs_inode::i_inline)
> + */
> +#define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */

Do we need the above define?

>  
>  #define F2FS_ENC_UTF8_12_1	1
>  #define F2FS_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL	(1 << 0)
> @@ -694,6 +701,7 @@ enum {
>  #define F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD		0x1000
>  #define F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION	0x2000
>  #define F2FS_FEATURE_RO			0x4000
> +#define F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS	0x8000
>  
>  #define MAX_NR_FEATURE			32
>  
> @@ -1515,11 +1523,14 @@ struct f2fs_configuration {
>  	time_t fixed_time;
>  	int roll_forward;
>  	bool need_fsync;
> +	int aliased_devices;
> +	uint32_t aliased_segments;
>  
>  	/* mkfs parameters */
>  	int fake_seed;
>  	uint32_t next_free_nid;
>  	uint32_t lpf_ino;
> +	uint32_t first_alias_ino;
>  	uint32_t root_uid;
>  	uint32_t root_gid;
>  	uint32_t blksize;
> diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> index db1bc89..077f620 100644
> --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
>  #include <unistd.h>
>  #include <f2fs_fs.h>
>  #include <assert.h>
> +#include <stdbool.h>
>  
>  #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
>  #include <sys/stat.h>
> @@ -39,10 +40,62 @@ struct f2fs_super_block raw_sb;
>  struct f2fs_super_block *sb = &raw_sb;
>  struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp;
>  
> +static inline bool device_is_aliased(unsigned int dev_num)
> +{
> +	if (dev_num >= c.ndevs)
> +		return false;
> +	return c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename != NULL;
> +}
> +
> +static inline unsigned int target_device_index(uint64_t blkaddr)
> +{
> +	int i;
> +
> +	for (i = 0; i < c.ndevs; i++)
> +		if (c.devices[i].start_blkaddr <= blkaddr &&
> +				c.devices[i].end_blkaddr >= blkaddr)
> +			return i;
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +#define GET_SEGNO(blk_addr) ((blk_addr - get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / \
> +				c.blks_per_seg)
> +#define START_BLOCK(segno) (segno * c.blks_per_seg + get_sb(main_blkaddr))
> +
>  /* Return first segment number of each area */
> -#define prev_zone(cur)		(c.cur_seg[cur] - c.segs_per_zone)
> -#define next_zone(cur)		(c.cur_seg[cur] + c.segs_per_zone)
> -#define last_zone(cur)		((cur - 1) * c.segs_per_zone)
> +static inline uint32_t next_zone(int seg_type)
> +{
> +	uint32_t next_seg = c.cur_seg[seg_type] + c.segs_per_zone;
> +	uint64_t next_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(next_seg);
> +	int dev_num;
> +
> +	dev_num = target_device_index(next_blkaddr);
> +	if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> +		return GET_SEGNO(next_blkaddr);
> +
> +	while (dev_num < c.ndevs && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> +		dev_num++;
> +
> +	return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num - 1].end_blkaddr + 1);
> +}
> +
> +static inline uint32_t last_zone(uint32_t total_zone)
> +{
> +	uint32_t last_seg = (total_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_zone;
> +	uint64_t last_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(last_seg);
> +	int dev_num;
> +
> +	dev_num = target_device_index(last_blkaddr);
> +	if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> +		return GET_SEGNO(last_blkaddr);
> +
> +	while (dev_num > 0 && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> +		dev_num--;
> +
> +	return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num + 1].start_blkaddr) -
> +		c.segs_per_zone;
> +}
> +
>  #define last_section(cur)	(cur + (c.secs_per_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_sec)
>  
>  /* Return time fixed by the user or current time by default */
> @@ -220,7 +273,7 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
>  	uint64_t total_meta_zones, total_meta_segments;
>  	uint32_t sit_bitmap_size, max_sit_bitmap_size;
>  	uint32_t max_nat_bitmap_size, max_nat_segments;
> -	uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones;
> +	uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones = 0;
>  	enum quota_type qtype;
>  	int i;
>  
> @@ -314,6 +367,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
>  			c.devices[i].end_blkaddr = c.devices[i].start_blkaddr +
>  					c.devices[i].total_segments *
>  					c.blks_per_seg - 1;
> +			if (device_is_aliased(i)) {
> +				if (c.devices[i].zoned_model ==
> +						F2FS_ZONED_HM) {
> +					MSG(1, "\tError: do not support "
> +					"device aliasing for device[%d]\n", i);
> +					return -1;
> +				}
> +				c.aliased_segments +=
> +					c.devices[i].total_segments;
> +			}
>  		}
>  		if (c.ndevs > 1) {
>  			memcpy(sb->devs[i].path, c.devices[i].path, MAX_PATH_LEN);
> @@ -531,10 +594,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
>  	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_LOST_FOUND)
>  		c.lpf_ino = c.next_free_nid++;
>  
> +	if (c.aliased_devices) {
> +		c.first_alias_ino = c.next_free_nid;
> +		c.next_free_nid += c.aliased_devices;
> +		avail_zones += c.aliased_segments / c.segs_per_zone;
> +	}
> +
>  	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> -		avail_zones = 2;
> +		avail_zones += 2;
>  	else
> -		avail_zones = 6;
> +		avail_zones += 6;
>  
>  	if (total_zones <= avail_zones) {
>  		MSG(1, "\tError: %d zones: Need more zones "
> @@ -701,6 +770,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
>  	char *sum_compact, *sum_compact_p;
>  	struct f2fs_summary *sum_entry;
>  	unsigned short vblocks;
> +	uint32_t used_segments = c.aliased_segments;
>  	int ret = -1;
>  
>  	cp = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> @@ -752,9 +822,14 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
>  	}
>  
>  	set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> +	set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
>  	set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> +	set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA]);
>  	set_cp(valid_block_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> -					c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> +			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA] +
> +			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE] +
> +			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA] +
> +			c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg);
>  	set_cp(rsvd_segment_count, c.reserved_segments);
>  
>  	/*
> @@ -802,15 +877,16 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
>  					c.reserved_segments);
>  
>  	/* main segments - reserved segments - (node + data segments) */
> -	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO) {
> -		set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 2);
> -		set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 2 -
> -			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> -	} else {
> -		set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 6);
> -		set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 6 -
> -			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> -	}
> +	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> +		used_segments += 2;
> +	else
> +		used_segments += 6;
> +
> +	set_cp(user_block_count, (f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> +			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg);
> +	set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> +			used_segments);
> +
>  	/* cp page (2), data summaries (1), node summaries (3) */
>  	set_cp(cp_pack_total_block_count, 6 + get_sb(cp_payload));
>  	flags = CP_UMOUNT_FLAG | CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG;
> @@ -826,8 +902,10 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
>  
>  	set_cp(ckpt_flags, flags);
>  	set_cp(cp_pack_start_sum, 1 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> -	set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> -	set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> +	set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> +			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> +	set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> +			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
>  	set_cp(next_free_nid, c.next_free_nid);
>  	set_cp(sit_ver_bitmap_bytesize, ((get_sb(segment_count_sit) / 2) <<
>  			get_sb(log_blocks_per_seg)) / 8);
> @@ -975,9 +1053,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
>  		goto free_cp_payload;
>  	}
>  
> -	/* Fill segment summary for COLD_NODE to zero. */
> +	/* Prepare and write Segment summary for COLD_NODE */
>  	memset(sum, 0, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
>  	SET_SUM_TYPE(sum, SUM_TYPE_NODE);
> +	memcpy(sum->entries, c.sum[CURSEG_COLD_NODE],
> +			sizeof(struct f2fs_summary) * MAX_CACHE_SUMS);
> +
>  	cp_seg_blk++;
>  	DBG(1, "\tWriting Segment summary for COLD_NODE, at offset 0x%08"PRIx64"\n",
>  			cp_seg_blk);
> @@ -1210,10 +1291,40 @@ void update_summary_entry(int curseg_type, nid_t nid,
>  	sum->ofs_in_node = cpu_to_le16(ofs_in_node);
>  }
>  
> +static void add_dentry(struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk, unsigned int *didx,
> +		const char *name, uint32_t ino, u8 type)
> +{
> +	int len = strlen(name);
> +	f2fs_hash_t hash;
> +
> +	if (name[0] == '.' && (len == 1 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.')))
> +		hash = 0;
> +	else
> +		hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)name, len);
> +
> +	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> +	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).ino = cpu_to_le32(ino);
> +	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> +	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).file_type = type;
> +
> +	while (len > F2FS_SLOT_LEN) {
> +		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name,
> +				F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> +		test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> +		len -= (int)F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> +		name += F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> +		(*didx)++;
> +	}
> +	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name, len);
> +	test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> +	(*didx)++;
> +}
> +
>  static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
>  {
>  	struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk = NULL;
>  	block_t data_blkaddr;
> +	unsigned int didx = 0;
>  
>  	dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
>  	if(dent_blk == NULL) {
> @@ -1221,37 +1332,26 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
>  		return 0;
>  	}
>  
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = sb->root_ino;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> -	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> +	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".",
> +			le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> +	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..",
> +			le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
>  
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> -	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> -
> -	/* bitmap for . and .. */
> -	test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> -	test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> -
> -	if (c.lpf_ino) {
> -		int len = strlen(LPF);
> -		f2fs_hash_t hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)LPF, len);
> +	if (c.lpf_ino)
> +		add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, LPF, c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
>  
> -		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> -		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> -		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> -		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> -		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 2), LPF, F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> +	if (c.aliased_devices) {
> +		int i, dev_off = 0;
>  
> -		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 3), &LPF[F2FS_SLOT_LEN],
> -				len - F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> +		for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> +			if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> +				continue;
>  
> -		test_and_set_bit_le(2, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> -		test_and_set_bit_le(3, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> +			add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, c.devices[i].alias_filename,
> +					c.first_alias_ino + dev_off,
> +					F2FS_FT_REG_FILE);
> +			dev_off++;
> +		}
>  	}
>  
>  	data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> @@ -1324,6 +1424,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
>  	struct v2_disk_dqinfo ddqinfo;
>  	struct v2r1_disk_dqblk dqblk;
>  	block_t blkaddr;
> +	uint64_t icnt = 1, bcnt = 1;
>  	int i;
>  
>  	if (filebuf == NULL) {
> @@ -1359,16 +1460,18 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
>  	dqblk.dqb_pad = cpu_to_le32(0);
>  	dqblk.dqb_ihardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
>  	dqblk.dqb_isoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> -	if (c.lpf_ino)
> -		dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(2);
> -	else
> -		dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(1);
> +	if (c.lpf_ino) {
> +		icnt++;
> +		bcnt++;
> +	}
> +	if (c.aliased_devices) {
> +		icnt += c.aliased_devices;
> +		bcnt += c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg;
> +	}
> +	dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(icnt);
>  	dqblk.dqb_bhardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
>  	dqblk.dqb_bsoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> -	if (c.lpf_ino)
> -		dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * 2);
> -	else
> -		dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> +	dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * bcnt);
>  	dqblk.dqb_btime = cpu_to_le64(0);
>  	dqblk.dqb_itime = cpu_to_le64(0);
>  
> @@ -1491,6 +1594,7 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
>  {
>  	struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk;
>  	block_t data_blkaddr;
> +	unsigned int didx = 0;
>  
>  	dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
>  	if (dent_blk == NULL) {
> @@ -1498,20 +1602,8 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
>  		return 0;
>  	}
>  
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> -	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> -
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> -	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> -
> -	test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> -	test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> +	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> +	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
>  
>  	data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
>  
> @@ -1579,6 +1671,104 @@ exit:
>  	return err;
>  }
>  
> +static void allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(struct f2fs_node *raw_node,
> +		unsigned int dev_num)
> +{
> +	uint32_t start_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr -
> +			get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / c.blks_per_seg;
> +	uint32_t end_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].end_blkaddr -
> +			get_sb(main_blkaddr) + 1) / c.blks_per_seg;
> +	uint32_t segno;
> +	uint64_t blkcnt;
> +	struct f2fs_sit_block *sit_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> +
> +	ASSERT(sit_blk);
> +
> +	for (segno = start_segno; segno < end_segno; segno++) {
> +		struct f2fs_sit_entry *sit;
> +		uint64_t sit_blk_addr = get_sb(sit_blkaddr) +
> +			(segno / SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
> +
> +		ASSERT(dev_read_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> +		sit = &sit_blk->entries[segno % SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK];
> +		memset(&sit->valid_map, 0xFF, SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE);
> +		sit->vblocks = cpu_to_le16((CURSEG_COLD_DATA <<
> +					SIT_VBLOCKS_SHIFT) | c.blks_per_seg);
> +		sit->mtime = cpu_to_le64(mkfs_time);
> +		ASSERT(dev_write_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> +	}
> +
> +	blkcnt = (end_segno - start_segno) * c.blks_per_seg;
> +	raw_node->i.i_size = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt << get_sb(log_blocksize));
> +	raw_node->i.i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt + 1);
> +
> +	raw_node->i.i_ext.fofs = cpu_to_le32(0);
> +	raw_node->i.i_ext.blk_addr =
> +		cpu_to_le32(c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr);
> +	raw_node->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(blkcnt);
> +
> +	free(sit_blk);
> +}
> +
> +static int f2fs_write_alias_inodes(void)
> +{
> +	struct f2fs_node *raw_node;
> +	block_t node_blkaddr;
> +	int err = 0;
> +	unsigned int i, dev_off = 0;
> +
> +	ASSERT(c.aliased_devices);
> +
> +	raw_node = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> +	if (raw_node == NULL) {
> +		MSG(1, "\tError: Calloc Failed for raw_node!!!\n");
> +		return -1;
> +	}
> +
> +	for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> +		const char *filename;
> +		nid_t ino;
> +
> +		if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> +			continue;
> +
> +		ino = c.first_alias_ino + dev_off;
> +		dev_off++;
> +		f2fs_init_inode(sb, raw_node, ino, mkfs_time, 0x81c0);
> +
> +		raw_node->i.i_flags = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL |
> +				F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL);
> +		raw_node->i.i_inline = F2FS_PIN_FILE;
> +		raw_node->i.i_pino = sb->root_ino;
> +		filename = c.devices[i].alias_filename;
> +		raw_node->i.i_namelen = cpu_to_le32(strlen(filename));
> +		memcpy(raw_node->i.i_name, filename, strlen(filename));
> +
> +		node_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> +		F2FS_NODE_FOOTER(raw_node)->next_blkaddr =
> +			cpu_to_le32(node_blkaddr + 1);
> +
> +		allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(raw_node, i);
> +
> +		DBG(1, "\tWriting aliased device inode (cold node), "
> +				"offset 0x%x\n", node_blkaddr);
> +		if (write_inode(raw_node, node_blkaddr) < 0) {
> +			MSG(1, "\tError: While writing the raw_node to "
> +					"disk!!!\n");
> +			err = -1;
> +			goto exit;
> +		}
> +
> +		update_nat_journal(ino, node_blkaddr);
> +		update_sit_journal(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> +		update_summary_entry(CURSEG_COLD_NODE, ino, 0);
> +	}
> +
> +exit:
> +	free(raw_node);
> +	return err;
> +}
> +
>  static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
>  {
>  	enum quota_type qtype;
> @@ -1608,6 +1798,15 @@ static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
>  		}
>  	}
>  
> +	if (c.aliased_devices) {
> +		err = f2fs_write_alias_inodes();
> +		if (err < 0) {
> +			MSG(1, "\tError: Failed to write aliased device "
> +				"inodes!!!\n");
> +			goto exit;
> +		}
> +	}
> +
>  #ifndef WITH_ANDROID
>  	err = f2fs_discard_obsolete_dnode();
>  	if (err < 0) {
> diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> index 2ba1c21..b113bbc 100644
> --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
>  	MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
>  	MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
>  	MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
> -	MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> +	MSG(0, "  -c [device_name[@alias_filename]] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
>  	MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
>  	MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
>  	MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
> @@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ static void f2fs_show_info()
>  
>  	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION)
>  		MSG(0, "Info: Enable Compression\n");
> +
> +	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS)
> +		MSG(0, "Info: Enable device aliasing\n");
>  }
>  
>  #if defined(ANDROID_TARGET) && defined(HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H)
> @@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
>  	int32_t option=0;
>  	int val;
>  	char *token;
> +	int dev_num;
>  
>  	while ((option = getopt_long(argc,argv,option_string,long_opts,NULL)) != EOF) {
>  		switch (option) {
> @@ -200,17 +204,35 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
>  			}
>  			break;
>  		case 'c':
> -			if (c.ndevs >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> +			dev_num = c.ndevs;
> +
> +			if (dev_num >= MAX_DEVICES) {
>  				MSG(0, "Error: Too many devices\n");
>  				mkfs_usage();
>  			}
>  
> -			if (strlen(optarg) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> +			token = strtok(optarg, "@");
> +			if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
>  				MSG(0, "Error: device path should be less than "
>  					"%d characters\n", MAX_PATH_LEN);
>  				mkfs_usage();
>  			}
> -			c.devices[c.ndevs++].path = strdup(optarg);
> +			c.devices[dev_num].path = strdup(token);
> +			token = strtok(NULL, "");
> +			if (token) {
> +				if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> +					MSG(0, "Error: alias_filename should "
> +						"be less than %d characters\n",
> +						MAX_PATH_LEN);
> +					mkfs_usage();
> +				}
> +				c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename =
> +					strdup(token);
> +				if (!c.aliased_devices)
> +					c.feature |= F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS;
> +				c.aliased_devices++;
> +			}
> +			c.ndevs++;
>  			break;
>  		case 'd':
>  			c.dbg_lv = atoi(optarg);
> -- 
> 2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog
> 


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Re: [PATCH 2/2] mkfs.f2fs: add device aliasing feature

[Jaegeuk Kim]

On 09/13, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> 
> We can add a device aliasing file which can map the whole device with an
> extent, not using node blocks. This mapped area should be pinned and
> normally used for read-only usages. After finished using it, we can
> deallocate the whole area and return it back to use it for other files.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> ---
>  fsck/dump.c             |  13 ++
>  fsck/fsck.c             |  49 ++++--
>  fsck/fsck.h             |   4 +-
>  fsck/main.c             |   5 +
>  include/f2fs_fs.h       |  11 ++
>  mkfs/f2fs_format.c      | 335 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
>  mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c |  30 +++-
>  7 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/fsck/dump.c b/fsck/dump.c
> index 8d5613e..aa9b5d3 100644
> --- a/fsck/dump.c
> +++ b/fsck/dump.c
> @@ -499,6 +499,19 @@ static int dump_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
>  	}
>  
>  	c.show_file_map_max_offset = f2fs_max_file_offset(&node_blk->i);
> +
> +	if (IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i)) {
> +		u32 blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.blk_addr);
> +		u32 len = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.len);
> +		u32 idx;
> +
> +		for (idx = 0; idx < len; idx++)
> +			dump_data_blk(sbi, idx * F2FS_BLKSIZE, blkaddr++, false);
> +		print_extent(true);
> +
> +		goto dump_xattr;
> +	}
> +
>  	addr_per_block = ADDRS_PER_BLOCK(&node_blk->i);
>  
>  	/* check data blocks in inode */
> diff --git a/fsck/fsck.c b/fsck/fsck.c
> index f8607fd..6feb294 100644
> --- a/fsck/fsck.c
> +++ b/fsck/fsck.c
> @@ -914,6 +914,7 @@ void fsck_chk_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
>  	int need_fix = 0;
>  	int ret;
>  	u32 cluster_size = 1 << node_blk->i.i_log_cluster_size;
> +	bool is_aliasing = IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i);
>  
>  	if (!compressed)
>  		goto check_next;
> @@ -1146,6 +1147,33 @@ check_next:
>  				addrs_per_blk * NIDS_PER_BLOCK *
>  				NIDS_PER_BLOCK) * F2FS_BLKSIZE;
>  	}
> +
> +	if (is_aliasing) {
> +		struct extent_info ei;
> +
> +		get_extent_info(&ei, &node_blk->i.i_ext);
> +		for (idx = 0; idx < ei.len; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> +			block_t blkaddr = ei.blk + idx;
> +
> +			/* check extent info */
> +			check_extent_info(&child, blkaddr, 0);
> +			ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, &node_blk->i, blkaddr,
> +				&child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),	ftype, nid,
> +				idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> +			if (!ret) {
> +				*blk_cnt = *blk_cnt + 1;
> +				if (cur_qtype != -1)
> +					qf_last_blkofs[cur_qtype] = child.pgofs;
> +			} else if (c.fix_on) {
> +				node_blk->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(idx);
> +				need_fix = 1;
> +				break;
> +			}
> +		}
> +
> +		goto check;
> +	}
> +
>  	for (idx = 0; idx < addrs; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
>  		block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]);
>  
> @@ -1178,11 +1206,11 @@ check_next:
>  				child.pgofs - cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
>  			cbc->cnt++;
>  		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi,
> -				IS_CASEFOLDED(&node_blk->i),
> +				&node_blk->i,
>  				blkaddr,
>  				&child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),
>  				ftype, nid, idx, ni->version,
> -				file_is_encrypt(&node_blk->i), node_blk);
> +				node_blk);
>  		if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]))
>  			need_fix = 1;
>  		if (!ret) {
> @@ -1376,7 +1404,7 @@ skip_blkcnt_fix:
>  	}
>  
>  	/* drop extent information to avoid potential wrong access */
> -	if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable())
> +	if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable() && !is_aliasing)
>  		node_blk->i.i_ext.len = 0;
>  
>  	if ((c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_INODE_CHKSUM) &&
> @@ -1448,11 +1476,9 @@ int fsck_chk_dnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
>  		if (!compr_rel && blkaddr == NEW_ADDR && child->pgofs -
>  				cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
>  			cbc->cnt++;
> -		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, IS_CASEFOLDED(inode),
> -			blkaddr, child,
> +		ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, inode, blkaddr, child,
>  			le64_to_cpu(inode->i_blocks) == *blk_cnt, ftype,
> -			nid, idx, ni->version,
> -			file_is_encrypt(inode), node_blk);
> +			nid, idx, ni->version, node_blk);
>  		if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->dn.addr[idx]))
>  			need_fix = 1;
>  		if (!ret) {
> @@ -2056,12 +2082,15 @@ int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded, u32 blk_addr,
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> -int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> +int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
>  		u32 blk_addr, struct child_info *child, int last_blk,
>  		enum FILE_TYPE ftype, u32 parent_nid, u16 idx_in_node, u8 ver,
> -		int enc_name, struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> +		struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
>  {
>  	struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
> +	int casefolded = IS_CASEFOLDED(inode);
> +	int enc_name = file_is_encrypt(inode);
> +	int aliasing = IS_ALIASING(inode);
>  
>  	/* Is it reserved block? */
>  	if (blk_addr == NEW_ADDR) {
> @@ -2074,7 +2103,7 @@ int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
>  		return -EINVAL;
>  	}
>  
> -	if (is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> +	if (!aliasing && is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
>  						idx_in_node, ver)) {
>  		ASSERT_MSG("summary data block is not valid. [0x%x]",
>  						parent_nid);
> diff --git a/fsck/fsck.h b/fsck/fsck.h
> index 6cac926..d306c22 100644
> --- a/fsck/fsck.h
> +++ b/fsck/fsck.h
> @@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ extern int fsck_chk_idnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
>  extern int fsck_chk_didnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
>  		enum FILE_TYPE, struct f2fs_node *, u32 *,
>  		struct f2fs_compr_blk_cnt *, struct child_info *);
> -extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> +extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
>  		u32, struct child_info *, int, enum FILE_TYPE, u32, u16, u8,
> -		int, struct f2fs_node *);
> +		struct f2fs_node *);
>  extern int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
>  		u32, struct child_info *, int, int, struct f2fs_node *);
>  int fsck_chk_inline_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_node *,
> diff --git a/fsck/main.c b/fsck/main.c
> index c13e287..c4f6167 100644
> --- a/fsck/main.c
> +++ b/fsck/main.c
> @@ -976,6 +976,11 @@ static int do_defrag(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
>  		return -1;
>  	}
>  
> +	if (get_sb(feature) & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS) {
> +		MSG(0, "Not support on image with device aliasing feature.\n");
> +		return -1;
> +	}
> +
>  	if (c.defrag_start > get_sb(block_count))
>  		goto out_range;
>  	if (c.defrag_start < SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr)
> diff --git a/include/f2fs_fs.h b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> index fdbc25b..108fde3 100644
> --- a/include/f2fs_fs.h
> +++ b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> @@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ struct device_info {
>  	uint64_t start_blkaddr;
>  	uint64_t end_blkaddr;
>  	uint32_t total_segments;
> +	char *alias_filename;
>  
>  	/* to handle zone block devices */
>  	int zoned_model;
> @@ -661,7 +662,13 @@ enum {
>   */
>  #define F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL		0x00000010 /* Immutable file */
>  #define F2FS_NOATIME_FL			0x00000080 /* do not update atime */
> +#define F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL		0x80000000 /* File for aliasing a device */
> +#define IS_ALIASING(fi)     ((fi)->i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL))

Could you please rebase on the latest f2fs-tools? I got merge conflict around
here.

>  
> +/*
> + * On-disk file inline flags (f2fs_inode::i_inline)
> + */
> +#define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */

Do we need the above define?

>  
>  #define F2FS_ENC_UTF8_12_1	1
>  #define F2FS_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL	(1 << 0)
> @@ -694,6 +701,7 @@ enum {
>  #define F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD		0x1000
>  #define F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION	0x2000
>  #define F2FS_FEATURE_RO			0x4000
> +#define F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS	0x8000
>  
>  #define MAX_NR_FEATURE			32
>  
> @@ -1515,11 +1523,14 @@ struct f2fs_configuration {
>  	time_t fixed_time;
>  	int roll_forward;
>  	bool need_fsync;
> +	int aliased_devices;
> +	uint32_t aliased_segments;
>  
>  	/* mkfs parameters */
>  	int fake_seed;
>  	uint32_t next_free_nid;
>  	uint32_t lpf_ino;
> +	uint32_t first_alias_ino;
>  	uint32_t root_uid;
>  	uint32_t root_gid;
>  	uint32_t blksize;
> diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> index db1bc89..077f620 100644
> --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
>  #include <unistd.h>
>  #include <f2fs_fs.h>
>  #include <assert.h>
> +#include <stdbool.h>
>  
>  #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
>  #include <sys/stat.h>
> @@ -39,10 +40,62 @@ struct f2fs_super_block raw_sb;
>  struct f2fs_super_block *sb = &raw_sb;
>  struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp;
>  
> +static inline bool device_is_aliased(unsigned int dev_num)
> +{
> +	if (dev_num >= c.ndevs)
> +		return false;
> +	return c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename != NULL;
> +}
> +
> +static inline unsigned int target_device_index(uint64_t blkaddr)
> +{
> +	int i;
> +
> +	for (i = 0; i < c.ndevs; i++)
> +		if (c.devices[i].start_blkaddr <= blkaddr &&
> +				c.devices[i].end_blkaddr >= blkaddr)
> +			return i;
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +#define GET_SEGNO(blk_addr) ((blk_addr - get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / \
> +				c.blks_per_seg)
> +#define START_BLOCK(segno) (segno * c.blks_per_seg + get_sb(main_blkaddr))
> +
>  /* Return first segment number of each area */
> -#define prev_zone(cur)		(c.cur_seg[cur] - c.segs_per_zone)
> -#define next_zone(cur)		(c.cur_seg[cur] + c.segs_per_zone)
> -#define last_zone(cur)		((cur - 1) * c.segs_per_zone)
> +static inline uint32_t next_zone(int seg_type)
> +{
> +	uint32_t next_seg = c.cur_seg[seg_type] + c.segs_per_zone;
> +	uint64_t next_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(next_seg);
> +	int dev_num;
> +
> +	dev_num = target_device_index(next_blkaddr);
> +	if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> +		return GET_SEGNO(next_blkaddr);
> +
> +	while (dev_num < c.ndevs && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> +		dev_num++;
> +
> +	return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num - 1].end_blkaddr + 1);
> +}
> +
> +static inline uint32_t last_zone(uint32_t total_zone)
> +{
> +	uint32_t last_seg = (total_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_zone;
> +	uint64_t last_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(last_seg);
> +	int dev_num;
> +
> +	dev_num = target_device_index(last_blkaddr);
> +	if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> +		return GET_SEGNO(last_blkaddr);
> +
> +	while (dev_num > 0 && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> +		dev_num--;
> +
> +	return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num + 1].start_blkaddr) -
> +		c.segs_per_zone;
> +}
> +
>  #define last_section(cur)	(cur + (c.secs_per_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_sec)
>  
>  /* Return time fixed by the user or current time by default */
> @@ -220,7 +273,7 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
>  	uint64_t total_meta_zones, total_meta_segments;
>  	uint32_t sit_bitmap_size, max_sit_bitmap_size;
>  	uint32_t max_nat_bitmap_size, max_nat_segments;
> -	uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones;
> +	uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones = 0;
>  	enum quota_type qtype;
>  	int i;
>  
> @@ -314,6 +367,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
>  			c.devices[i].end_blkaddr = c.devices[i].start_blkaddr +
>  					c.devices[i].total_segments *
>  					c.blks_per_seg - 1;
> +			if (device_is_aliased(i)) {
> +				if (c.devices[i].zoned_model ==
> +						F2FS_ZONED_HM) {
> +					MSG(1, "\tError: do not support "
> +					"device aliasing for device[%d]\n", i);
> +					return -1;
> +				}
> +				c.aliased_segments +=
> +					c.devices[i].total_segments;
> +			}
>  		}
>  		if (c.ndevs > 1) {
>  			memcpy(sb->devs[i].path, c.devices[i].path, MAX_PATH_LEN);
> @@ -531,10 +594,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
>  	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_LOST_FOUND)
>  		c.lpf_ino = c.next_free_nid++;
>  
> +	if (c.aliased_devices) {
> +		c.first_alias_ino = c.next_free_nid;
> +		c.next_free_nid += c.aliased_devices;
> +		avail_zones += c.aliased_segments / c.segs_per_zone;
> +	}
> +
>  	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> -		avail_zones = 2;
> +		avail_zones += 2;
>  	else
> -		avail_zones = 6;
> +		avail_zones += 6;
>  
>  	if (total_zones <= avail_zones) {
>  		MSG(1, "\tError: %d zones: Need more zones "
> @@ -701,6 +770,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
>  	char *sum_compact, *sum_compact_p;
>  	struct f2fs_summary *sum_entry;
>  	unsigned short vblocks;
> +	uint32_t used_segments = c.aliased_segments;
>  	int ret = -1;
>  
>  	cp = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> @@ -752,9 +822,14 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
>  	}
>  
>  	set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> +	set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
>  	set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> +	set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA]);
>  	set_cp(valid_block_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> -					c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> +			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA] +
> +			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE] +
> +			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA] +
> +			c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg);
>  	set_cp(rsvd_segment_count, c.reserved_segments);
>  
>  	/*
> @@ -802,15 +877,16 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
>  					c.reserved_segments);
>  
>  	/* main segments - reserved segments - (node + data segments) */
> -	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO) {
> -		set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 2);
> -		set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 2 -
> -			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> -	} else {
> -		set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 6);
> -		set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 6 -
> -			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> -	}
> +	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> +		used_segments += 2;
> +	else
> +		used_segments += 6;
> +
> +	set_cp(user_block_count, (f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> +			get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg);
> +	set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> +			used_segments);
> +
>  	/* cp page (2), data summaries (1), node summaries (3) */
>  	set_cp(cp_pack_total_block_count, 6 + get_sb(cp_payload));
>  	flags = CP_UMOUNT_FLAG | CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG;
> @@ -826,8 +902,10 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
>  
>  	set_cp(ckpt_flags, flags);
>  	set_cp(cp_pack_start_sum, 1 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> -	set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> -	set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> +	set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> +			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> +	set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> +			c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
>  	set_cp(next_free_nid, c.next_free_nid);
>  	set_cp(sit_ver_bitmap_bytesize, ((get_sb(segment_count_sit) / 2) <<
>  			get_sb(log_blocks_per_seg)) / 8);
> @@ -975,9 +1053,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
>  		goto free_cp_payload;
>  	}
>  
> -	/* Fill segment summary for COLD_NODE to zero. */
> +	/* Prepare and write Segment summary for COLD_NODE */
>  	memset(sum, 0, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
>  	SET_SUM_TYPE(sum, SUM_TYPE_NODE);
> +	memcpy(sum->entries, c.sum[CURSEG_COLD_NODE],
> +			sizeof(struct f2fs_summary) * MAX_CACHE_SUMS);
> +
>  	cp_seg_blk++;
>  	DBG(1, "\tWriting Segment summary for COLD_NODE, at offset 0x%08"PRIx64"\n",
>  			cp_seg_blk);
> @@ -1210,10 +1291,40 @@ void update_summary_entry(int curseg_type, nid_t nid,
>  	sum->ofs_in_node = cpu_to_le16(ofs_in_node);
>  }
>  
> +static void add_dentry(struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk, unsigned int *didx,
> +		const char *name, uint32_t ino, u8 type)
> +{
> +	int len = strlen(name);
> +	f2fs_hash_t hash;
> +
> +	if (name[0] == '.' && (len == 1 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.')))
> +		hash = 0;
> +	else
> +		hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)name, len);
> +
> +	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> +	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).ino = cpu_to_le32(ino);
> +	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> +	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).file_type = type;
> +
> +	while (len > F2FS_SLOT_LEN) {
> +		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name,
> +				F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> +		test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> +		len -= (int)F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> +		name += F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> +		(*didx)++;
> +	}
> +	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name, len);
> +	test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> +	(*didx)++;
> +}
> +
>  static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
>  {
>  	struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk = NULL;
>  	block_t data_blkaddr;
> +	unsigned int didx = 0;
>  
>  	dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
>  	if(dent_blk == NULL) {
> @@ -1221,37 +1332,26 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
>  		return 0;
>  	}
>  
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = sb->root_ino;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> -	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> +	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".",
> +			le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> +	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..",
> +			le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
>  
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> -	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> -
> -	/* bitmap for . and .. */
> -	test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> -	test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> -
> -	if (c.lpf_ino) {
> -		int len = strlen(LPF);
> -		f2fs_hash_t hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)LPF, len);
> +	if (c.lpf_ino)
> +		add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, LPF, c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
>  
> -		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> -		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> -		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> -		F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> -		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 2), LPF, F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> +	if (c.aliased_devices) {
> +		int i, dev_off = 0;
>  
> -		memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 3), &LPF[F2FS_SLOT_LEN],
> -				len - F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> +		for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> +			if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> +				continue;
>  
> -		test_and_set_bit_le(2, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> -		test_and_set_bit_le(3, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> +			add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, c.devices[i].alias_filename,
> +					c.first_alias_ino + dev_off,
> +					F2FS_FT_REG_FILE);
> +			dev_off++;
> +		}
>  	}
>  
>  	data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> @@ -1324,6 +1424,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
>  	struct v2_disk_dqinfo ddqinfo;
>  	struct v2r1_disk_dqblk dqblk;
>  	block_t blkaddr;
> +	uint64_t icnt = 1, bcnt = 1;
>  	int i;
>  
>  	if (filebuf == NULL) {
> @@ -1359,16 +1460,18 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
>  	dqblk.dqb_pad = cpu_to_le32(0);
>  	dqblk.dqb_ihardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
>  	dqblk.dqb_isoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> -	if (c.lpf_ino)
> -		dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(2);
> -	else
> -		dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(1);
> +	if (c.lpf_ino) {
> +		icnt++;
> +		bcnt++;
> +	}
> +	if (c.aliased_devices) {
> +		icnt += c.aliased_devices;
> +		bcnt += c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg;
> +	}
> +	dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(icnt);
>  	dqblk.dqb_bhardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
>  	dqblk.dqb_bsoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> -	if (c.lpf_ino)
> -		dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * 2);
> -	else
> -		dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> +	dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * bcnt);
>  	dqblk.dqb_btime = cpu_to_le64(0);
>  	dqblk.dqb_itime = cpu_to_le64(0);
>  
> @@ -1491,6 +1594,7 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
>  {
>  	struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk;
>  	block_t data_blkaddr;
> +	unsigned int didx = 0;
>  
>  	dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
>  	if (dent_blk == NULL) {
> @@ -1498,20 +1602,8 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
>  		return 0;
>  	}
>  
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> -	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> -
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> -	F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> -	memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> -
> -	test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> -	test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> +	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> +	add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
>  
>  	data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
>  
> @@ -1579,6 +1671,104 @@ exit:
>  	return err;
>  }
>  
> +static void allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(struct f2fs_node *raw_node,
> +		unsigned int dev_num)
> +{
> +	uint32_t start_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr -
> +			get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / c.blks_per_seg;
> +	uint32_t end_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].end_blkaddr -
> +			get_sb(main_blkaddr) + 1) / c.blks_per_seg;
> +	uint32_t segno;
> +	uint64_t blkcnt;
> +	struct f2fs_sit_block *sit_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> +
> +	ASSERT(sit_blk);
> +
> +	for (segno = start_segno; segno < end_segno; segno++) {
> +		struct f2fs_sit_entry *sit;
> +		uint64_t sit_blk_addr = get_sb(sit_blkaddr) +
> +			(segno / SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
> +
> +		ASSERT(dev_read_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> +		sit = &sit_blk->entries[segno % SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK];
> +		memset(&sit->valid_map, 0xFF, SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE);
> +		sit->vblocks = cpu_to_le16((CURSEG_COLD_DATA <<
> +					SIT_VBLOCKS_SHIFT) | c.blks_per_seg);
> +		sit->mtime = cpu_to_le64(mkfs_time);
> +		ASSERT(dev_write_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> +	}
> +
> +	blkcnt = (end_segno - start_segno) * c.blks_per_seg;
> +	raw_node->i.i_size = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt << get_sb(log_blocksize));
> +	raw_node->i.i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt + 1);
> +
> +	raw_node->i.i_ext.fofs = cpu_to_le32(0);
> +	raw_node->i.i_ext.blk_addr =
> +		cpu_to_le32(c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr);
> +	raw_node->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(blkcnt);
> +
> +	free(sit_blk);
> +}
> +
> +static int f2fs_write_alias_inodes(void)
> +{
> +	struct f2fs_node *raw_node;
> +	block_t node_blkaddr;
> +	int err = 0;
> +	unsigned int i, dev_off = 0;
> +
> +	ASSERT(c.aliased_devices);
> +
> +	raw_node = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> +	if (raw_node == NULL) {
> +		MSG(1, "\tError: Calloc Failed for raw_node!!!\n");
> +		return -1;
> +	}
> +
> +	for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> +		const char *filename;
> +		nid_t ino;
> +
> +		if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> +			continue;
> +
> +		ino = c.first_alias_ino + dev_off;
> +		dev_off++;
> +		f2fs_init_inode(sb, raw_node, ino, mkfs_time, 0x81c0);
> +
> +		raw_node->i.i_flags = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL |
> +				F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL);
> +		raw_node->i.i_inline = F2FS_PIN_FILE;
> +		raw_node->i.i_pino = sb->root_ino;
> +		filename = c.devices[i].alias_filename;
> +		raw_node->i.i_namelen = cpu_to_le32(strlen(filename));
> +		memcpy(raw_node->i.i_name, filename, strlen(filename));
> +
> +		node_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> +		F2FS_NODE_FOOTER(raw_node)->next_blkaddr =
> +			cpu_to_le32(node_blkaddr + 1);
> +
> +		allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(raw_node, i);
> +
> +		DBG(1, "\tWriting aliased device inode (cold node), "
> +				"offset 0x%x\n", node_blkaddr);
> +		if (write_inode(raw_node, node_blkaddr) < 0) {
> +			MSG(1, "\tError: While writing the raw_node to "
> +					"disk!!!\n");
> +			err = -1;
> +			goto exit;
> +		}
> +
> +		update_nat_journal(ino, node_blkaddr);
> +		update_sit_journal(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> +		update_summary_entry(CURSEG_COLD_NODE, ino, 0);
> +	}
> +
> +exit:
> +	free(raw_node);
> +	return err;
> +}
> +
>  static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
>  {
>  	enum quota_type qtype;
> @@ -1608,6 +1798,15 @@ static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
>  		}
>  	}
>  
> +	if (c.aliased_devices) {
> +		err = f2fs_write_alias_inodes();
> +		if (err < 0) {
> +			MSG(1, "\tError: Failed to write aliased device "
> +				"inodes!!!\n");
> +			goto exit;
> +		}
> +	}
> +
>  #ifndef WITH_ANDROID
>  	err = f2fs_discard_obsolete_dnode();
>  	if (err < 0) {
> diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> index 2ba1c21..b113bbc 100644
> --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
>  	MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
>  	MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
>  	MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
> -	MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> +	MSG(0, "  -c [device_name[@alias_filename]] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
>  	MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
>  	MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
>  	MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
> @@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ static void f2fs_show_info()
>  
>  	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION)
>  		MSG(0, "Info: Enable Compression\n");
> +
> +	if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS)
> +		MSG(0, "Info: Enable device aliasing\n");
>  }
>  
>  #if defined(ANDROID_TARGET) && defined(HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H)
> @@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
>  	int32_t option=0;
>  	int val;
>  	char *token;
> +	int dev_num;
>  
>  	while ((option = getopt_long(argc,argv,option_string,long_opts,NULL)) != EOF) {
>  		switch (option) {
> @@ -200,17 +204,35 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
>  			}
>  			break;
>  		case 'c':
> -			if (c.ndevs >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> +			dev_num = c.ndevs;
> +
> +			if (dev_num >= MAX_DEVICES) {
>  				MSG(0, "Error: Too many devices\n");
>  				mkfs_usage();
>  			}
>  
> -			if (strlen(optarg) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> +			token = strtok(optarg, "@");
> +			if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
>  				MSG(0, "Error: device path should be less than "
>  					"%d characters\n", MAX_PATH_LEN);
>  				mkfs_usage();
>  			}
> -			c.devices[c.ndevs++].path = strdup(optarg);
> +			c.devices[dev_num].path = strdup(token);
> +			token = strtok(NULL, "");
> +			if (token) {
> +				if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> +					MSG(0, "Error: alias_filename should "
> +						"be less than %d characters\n",
> +						MAX_PATH_LEN);
> +					mkfs_usage();
> +				}
> +				c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename =
> +					strdup(token);
> +				if (!c.aliased_devices)
> +					c.feature |= F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS;
> +				c.aliased_devices++;
> +			}
> +			c.ndevs++;
>  			break;
>  		case 'd':
>  			c.dbg_lv = atoi(optarg);
> -- 
> 2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog
> 

Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH 2/2] mkfs.f2fs: add device aliasing feature

[Daeho Jeong]

On Fri, Sep 13, 2024 at 3:27 PM Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> On 09/13, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> > From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> >
> > We can add a device aliasing file which can map the whole device with an
> > extent, not using node blocks. This mapped area should be pinned and
> > normally used for read-only usages. After finished using it, we can
> > deallocate the whole area and return it back to use it for other files.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> > ---
> >  fsck/dump.c             |  13 ++
> >  fsck/fsck.c             |  49 ++++--
> >  fsck/fsck.h             |   4 +-
> >  fsck/main.c             |   5 +
> >  include/f2fs_fs.h       |  11 ++
> >  mkfs/f2fs_format.c      | 335 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
> >  mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c |  30 +++-
> >  7 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/fsck/dump.c b/fsck/dump.c
> > index 8d5613e..aa9b5d3 100644
> > --- a/fsck/dump.c
> > +++ b/fsck/dump.c
> > @@ -499,6 +499,19 @@ static int dump_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> >       }
> >
> >       c.show_file_map_max_offset = f2fs_max_file_offset(&node_blk->i);
> > +
> > +     if (IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i)) {
> > +             u32 blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.blk_addr);
> > +             u32 len = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.len);
> > +             u32 idx;
> > +
> > +             for (idx = 0; idx < len; idx++)
> > +                     dump_data_blk(sbi, idx * F2FS_BLKSIZE, blkaddr++, false);
> > +             print_extent(true);
> > +
> > +             goto dump_xattr;
> > +     }
> > +
> >       addr_per_block = ADDRS_PER_BLOCK(&node_blk->i);
> >
> >       /* check data blocks in inode */
> > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.c b/fsck/fsck.c
> > index f8607fd..6feb294 100644
> > --- a/fsck/fsck.c
> > +++ b/fsck/fsck.c
> > @@ -914,6 +914,7 @@ void fsck_chk_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> >       int need_fix = 0;
> >       int ret;
> >       u32 cluster_size = 1 << node_blk->i.i_log_cluster_size;
> > +     bool is_aliasing = IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i);
> >
> >       if (!compressed)
> >               goto check_next;
> > @@ -1146,6 +1147,33 @@ check_next:
> >                               addrs_per_blk * NIDS_PER_BLOCK *
> >                               NIDS_PER_BLOCK) * F2FS_BLKSIZE;
> >       }
> > +
> > +     if (is_aliasing) {
> > +             struct extent_info ei;
> > +
> > +             get_extent_info(&ei, &node_blk->i.i_ext);
> > +             for (idx = 0; idx < ei.len; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> > +                     block_t blkaddr = ei.blk + idx;
> > +
> > +                     /* check extent info */
> > +                     check_extent_info(&child, blkaddr, 0);
> > +                     ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, &node_blk->i, blkaddr,
> > +                             &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt), ftype, nid,
> > +                             idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> > +                     if (!ret) {
> > +                             *blk_cnt = *blk_cnt + 1;
> > +                             if (cur_qtype != -1)
> > +                                     qf_last_blkofs[cur_qtype] = child.pgofs;
> > +                     } else if (c.fix_on) {
> > +                             node_blk->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(idx);
> > +                             need_fix = 1;
> > +                             break;
> > +                     }
> > +             }
> > +
> > +             goto check;
> > +     }
> > +
> >       for (idx = 0; idx < addrs; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> >               block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]);
> >
> > @@ -1178,11 +1206,11 @@ check_next:
> >                               child.pgofs - cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> >                       cbc->cnt++;
> >               ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi,
> > -                             IS_CASEFOLDED(&node_blk->i),
> > +                             &node_blk->i,
> >                               blkaddr,
> >                               &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),
> >                               ftype, nid, idx, ni->version,
> > -                             file_is_encrypt(&node_blk->i), node_blk);
> > +                             node_blk);
> >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]))
> >                       need_fix = 1;
> >               if (!ret) {
> > @@ -1376,7 +1404,7 @@ skip_blkcnt_fix:
> >       }
> >
> >       /* drop extent information to avoid potential wrong access */
> > -     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable())
> > +     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable() && !is_aliasing)
> >               node_blk->i.i_ext.len = 0;
> >
> >       if ((c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_INODE_CHKSUM) &&
> > @@ -1448,11 +1476,9 @@ int fsck_chk_dnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> >               if (!compr_rel && blkaddr == NEW_ADDR && child->pgofs -
> >                               cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> >                       cbc->cnt++;
> > -             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, IS_CASEFOLDED(inode),
> > -                     blkaddr, child,
> > +             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, inode, blkaddr, child,
> >                       le64_to_cpu(inode->i_blocks) == *blk_cnt, ftype,
> > -                     nid, idx, ni->version,
> > -                     file_is_encrypt(inode), node_blk);
> > +                     nid, idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->dn.addr[idx]))
> >                       need_fix = 1;
> >               if (!ret) {
> > @@ -2056,12 +2082,15 @@ int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded, u32 blk_addr,
> >       return 0;
> >  }
> >
> > -int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> > +int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> >               u32 blk_addr, struct child_info *child, int last_blk,
> >               enum FILE_TYPE ftype, u32 parent_nid, u16 idx_in_node, u8 ver,
> > -             int enc_name, struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> > +             struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> >  {
> >       struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
> > +     int casefolded = IS_CASEFOLDED(inode);
> > +     int enc_name = file_is_encrypt(inode);
> > +     int aliasing = IS_ALIASING(inode);
> >
> >       /* Is it reserved block? */
> >       if (blk_addr == NEW_ADDR) {
> > @@ -2074,7 +2103,7 @@ int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> >               return -EINVAL;
> >       }
> >
> > -     if (is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> > +     if (!aliasing && is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> >                                               idx_in_node, ver)) {
> >               ASSERT_MSG("summary data block is not valid. [0x%x]",
> >                                               parent_nid);
> > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.h b/fsck/fsck.h
> > index 6cac926..d306c22 100644
> > --- a/fsck/fsck.h
> > +++ b/fsck/fsck.h
> > @@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ extern int fsck_chk_idnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> >  extern int fsck_chk_didnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> >               enum FILE_TYPE, struct f2fs_node *, u32 *,
> >               struct f2fs_compr_blk_cnt *, struct child_info *);
> > -extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> > +extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> >               u32, struct child_info *, int, enum FILE_TYPE, u32, u16, u8,
> > -             int, struct f2fs_node *);
> > +             struct f2fs_node *);
> >  extern int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> >               u32, struct child_info *, int, int, struct f2fs_node *);
> >  int fsck_chk_inline_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_node *,
> > diff --git a/fsck/main.c b/fsck/main.c
> > index c13e287..c4f6167 100644
> > --- a/fsck/main.c
> > +++ b/fsck/main.c
> > @@ -976,6 +976,11 @@ static int do_defrag(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> >               return -1;
> >       }
> >
> > +     if (get_sb(feature) & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS) {
> > +             MSG(0, "Not support on image with device aliasing feature.\n");
> > +             return -1;
> > +     }
> > +
> >       if (c.defrag_start > get_sb(block_count))
> >               goto out_range;
> >       if (c.defrag_start < SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr)
> > diff --git a/include/f2fs_fs.h b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > index fdbc25b..108fde3 100644
> > --- a/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > +++ b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > @@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ struct device_info {
> >       uint64_t start_blkaddr;
> >       uint64_t end_blkaddr;
> >       uint32_t total_segments;
> > +     char *alias_filename;
> >
> >       /* to handle zone block devices */
> >       int zoned_model;
> > @@ -661,7 +662,13 @@ enum {
> >   */
> >  #define F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL            0x00000010 /* Immutable file */
> >  #define F2FS_NOATIME_FL                      0x00000080 /* do not update atime */
> > +#define F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL         0x80000000 /* File for aliasing a device */
> > +#define IS_ALIASING(fi)     ((fi)->i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL))
>
> Could you please rebase on the latest f2fs-tools? I got merge conflict around
> here.

Let me rebase it.

>
> >
> > +/*
> > + * On-disk file inline flags (f2fs_inode::i_inline)
> > + */
> > +#define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */
>
> Do we need the above define?

We need this to set F2FS_PIN_FILE to device aliasing files.

>
> >
> >  #define F2FS_ENC_UTF8_12_1   1
> >  #define F2FS_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL      (1 << 0)
> > @@ -694,6 +701,7 @@ enum {
> >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD                0x1000
> >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION     0x2000
> >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_RO                      0x4000
> > +#define F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS    0x8000
> >
> >  #define MAX_NR_FEATURE                       32
> >
> > @@ -1515,11 +1523,14 @@ struct f2fs_configuration {
> >       time_t fixed_time;
> >       int roll_forward;
> >       bool need_fsync;
> > +     int aliased_devices;
> > +     uint32_t aliased_segments;
> >
> >       /* mkfs parameters */
> >       int fake_seed;
> >       uint32_t next_free_nid;
> >       uint32_t lpf_ino;
> > +     uint32_t first_alias_ino;
> >       uint32_t root_uid;
> >       uint32_t root_gid;
> >       uint32_t blksize;
> > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > index db1bc89..077f620 100644
> > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
> >  #include <unistd.h>
> >  #include <f2fs_fs.h>
> >  #include <assert.h>
> > +#include <stdbool.h>
> >
> >  #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
> >  #include <sys/stat.h>
> > @@ -39,10 +40,62 @@ struct f2fs_super_block raw_sb;
> >  struct f2fs_super_block *sb = &raw_sb;
> >  struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp;
> >
> > +static inline bool device_is_aliased(unsigned int dev_num)
> > +{
> > +     if (dev_num >= c.ndevs)
> > +             return false;
> > +     return c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename != NULL;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline unsigned int target_device_index(uint64_t blkaddr)
> > +{
> > +     int i;
> > +
> > +     for (i = 0; i < c.ndevs; i++)
> > +             if (c.devices[i].start_blkaddr <= blkaddr &&
> > +                             c.devices[i].end_blkaddr >= blkaddr)
> > +                     return i;
> > +     return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +#define GET_SEGNO(blk_addr) ((blk_addr - get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / \
> > +                             c.blks_per_seg)
> > +#define START_BLOCK(segno) (segno * c.blks_per_seg + get_sb(main_blkaddr))
> > +
> >  /* Return first segment number of each area */
> > -#define prev_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] - c.segs_per_zone)
> > -#define next_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] + c.segs_per_zone)
> > -#define last_zone(cur)               ((cur - 1) * c.segs_per_zone)
> > +static inline uint32_t next_zone(int seg_type)
> > +{
> > +     uint32_t next_seg = c.cur_seg[seg_type] + c.segs_per_zone;
> > +     uint64_t next_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(next_seg);
> > +     int dev_num;
> > +
> > +     dev_num = target_device_index(next_blkaddr);
> > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > +             return GET_SEGNO(next_blkaddr);
> > +
> > +     while (dev_num < c.ndevs && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > +             dev_num++;
> > +
> > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num - 1].end_blkaddr + 1);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline uint32_t last_zone(uint32_t total_zone)
> > +{
> > +     uint32_t last_seg = (total_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_zone;
> > +     uint64_t last_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(last_seg);
> > +     int dev_num;
> > +
> > +     dev_num = target_device_index(last_blkaddr);
> > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > +             return GET_SEGNO(last_blkaddr);
> > +
> > +     while (dev_num > 0 && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > +             dev_num--;
> > +
> > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num + 1].start_blkaddr) -
> > +             c.segs_per_zone;
> > +}
> > +
> >  #define last_section(cur)    (cur + (c.secs_per_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_sec)
> >
> >  /* Return time fixed by the user or current time by default */
> > @@ -220,7 +273,7 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> >       uint64_t total_meta_zones, total_meta_segments;
> >       uint32_t sit_bitmap_size, max_sit_bitmap_size;
> >       uint32_t max_nat_bitmap_size, max_nat_segments;
> > -     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones;
> > +     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones = 0;
> >       enum quota_type qtype;
> >       int i;
> >
> > @@ -314,6 +367,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> >                       c.devices[i].end_blkaddr = c.devices[i].start_blkaddr +
> >                                       c.devices[i].total_segments *
> >                                       c.blks_per_seg - 1;
> > +                     if (device_is_aliased(i)) {
> > +                             if (c.devices[i].zoned_model ==
> > +                                             F2FS_ZONED_HM) {
> > +                                     MSG(1, "\tError: do not support "
> > +                                     "device aliasing for device[%d]\n", i);
> > +                                     return -1;
> > +                             }
> > +                             c.aliased_segments +=
> > +                                     c.devices[i].total_segments;
> > +                     }
> >               }
> >               if (c.ndevs > 1) {
> >                       memcpy(sb->devs[i].path, c.devices[i].path, MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > @@ -531,10 +594,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_LOST_FOUND)
> >               c.lpf_ino = c.next_free_nid++;
> >
> > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > +             c.first_alias_ino = c.next_free_nid;
> > +             c.next_free_nid += c.aliased_devices;
> > +             avail_zones += c.aliased_segments / c.segs_per_zone;
> > +     }
> > +
> >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > -             avail_zones = 2;
> > +             avail_zones += 2;
> >       else
> > -             avail_zones = 6;
> > +             avail_zones += 6;
> >
> >       if (total_zones <= avail_zones) {
> >               MSG(1, "\tError: %d zones: Need more zones "
> > @@ -701,6 +770,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> >       char *sum_compact, *sum_compact_p;
> >       struct f2fs_summary *sum_entry;
> >       unsigned short vblocks;
> > +     uint32_t used_segments = c.aliased_segments;
> >       int ret = -1;
> >
> >       cp = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > @@ -752,9 +822,14 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> >       }
> >
> >       set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > +     set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> >       set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > +     set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA]);
> >       set_cp(valid_block_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > -                                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA] +
> > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE] +
> > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA] +
> > +                     c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg);
> >       set_cp(rsvd_segment_count, c.reserved_segments);
> >
> >       /*
> > @@ -802,15 +877,16 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> >                                       c.reserved_segments);
> >
> >       /* main segments - reserved segments - (node + data segments) */
> > -     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO) {
> > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 2);
> > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 2 -
> > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > -     } else {
> > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 6);
> > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 6 -
> > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > -     }
> > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > +             used_segments += 2;
> > +     else
> > +             used_segments += 6;
> > +
> > +     set_cp(user_block_count, (f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > +                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg);
> > +     set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > +                     used_segments);
> > +
> >       /* cp page (2), data summaries (1), node summaries (3) */
> >       set_cp(cp_pack_total_block_count, 6 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> >       flags = CP_UMOUNT_FLAG | CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG;
> > @@ -826,8 +902,10 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> >
> >       set_cp(ckpt_flags, flags);
> >       set_cp(cp_pack_start_sum, 1 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> > -     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > -     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > +     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > +     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> >       set_cp(next_free_nid, c.next_free_nid);
> >       set_cp(sit_ver_bitmap_bytesize, ((get_sb(segment_count_sit) / 2) <<
> >                       get_sb(log_blocks_per_seg)) / 8);
> > @@ -975,9 +1053,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> >               goto free_cp_payload;
> >       }
> >
> > -     /* Fill segment summary for COLD_NODE to zero. */
> > +     /* Prepare and write Segment summary for COLD_NODE */
> >       memset(sum, 0, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> >       SET_SUM_TYPE(sum, SUM_TYPE_NODE);
> > +     memcpy(sum->entries, c.sum[CURSEG_COLD_NODE],
> > +                     sizeof(struct f2fs_summary) * MAX_CACHE_SUMS);
> > +
> >       cp_seg_blk++;
> >       DBG(1, "\tWriting Segment summary for COLD_NODE, at offset 0x%08"PRIx64"\n",
> >                       cp_seg_blk);
> > @@ -1210,10 +1291,40 @@ void update_summary_entry(int curseg_type, nid_t nid,
> >       sum->ofs_in_node = cpu_to_le16(ofs_in_node);
> >  }
> >
> > +static void add_dentry(struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk, unsigned int *didx,
> > +             const char *name, uint32_t ino, u8 type)
> > +{
> > +     int len = strlen(name);
> > +     f2fs_hash_t hash;
> > +
> > +     if (name[0] == '.' && (len == 1 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.')))
> > +             hash = 0;
> > +     else
> > +             hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)name, len);
> > +
> > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).ino = cpu_to_le32(ino);
> > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).file_type = type;
> > +
> > +     while (len > F2FS_SLOT_LEN) {
> > +             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name,
> > +                             F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > +             test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > +             len -= (int)F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > +             name += F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > +             (*didx)++;
> > +     }
> > +     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name, len);
> > +     test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > +     (*didx)++;
> > +}
> > +
> >  static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> >  {
> >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk = NULL;
> >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> >
> >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> >       if(dent_blk == NULL) {
> > @@ -1221,37 +1332,26 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> >               return 0;
> >       }
> >
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".",
> > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..",
> > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> >
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > -
> > -     /* bitmap for . and .. */
> > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > -
> > -     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > -             int len = strlen(LPF);
> > -             f2fs_hash_t hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)LPF, len);
> > +     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > +             add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, LPF, c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> >
> > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 2), LPF, F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > +             int i, dev_off = 0;
> >
> > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 3), &LPF[F2FS_SLOT_LEN],
> > -                             len - F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > +             for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > +                     if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > +                             continue;
> >
> > -             test_and_set_bit_le(2, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > -             test_and_set_bit_le(3, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > +                     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, c.devices[i].alias_filename,
> > +                                     c.first_alias_ino + dev_off,
> > +                                     F2FS_FT_REG_FILE);
> > +                     dev_off++;
> > +             }
> >       }
> >
> >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> > @@ -1324,6 +1424,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> >       struct v2_disk_dqinfo ddqinfo;
> >       struct v2r1_disk_dqblk dqblk;
> >       block_t blkaddr;
> > +     uint64_t icnt = 1, bcnt = 1;
> >       int i;
> >
> >       if (filebuf == NULL) {
> > @@ -1359,16 +1460,18 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> >       dqblk.dqb_pad = cpu_to_le32(0);
> >       dqblk.dqb_ihardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> >       dqblk.dqb_isoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(2);
> > -     else
> > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(1);
> > +     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > +             icnt++;
> > +             bcnt++;
> > +     }
> > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > +             icnt += c.aliased_devices;
> > +             bcnt += c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg;
> > +     }
> > +     dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(icnt);
> >       dqblk.dqb_bhardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> >       dqblk.dqb_bsoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * 2);
> > -     else
> > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> > +     dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * bcnt);
> >       dqblk.dqb_btime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> >       dqblk.dqb_itime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> >
> > @@ -1491,6 +1594,7 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> >  {
> >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk;
> >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> >
> >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> >       if (dent_blk == NULL) {
> > @@ -1498,20 +1602,8 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> >               return 0;
> >       }
> >
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > -
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > -
> > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> >
> >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> >
> > @@ -1579,6 +1671,104 @@ exit:
> >       return err;
> >  }
> >
> > +static void allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(struct f2fs_node *raw_node,
> > +             unsigned int dev_num)
> > +{
> > +     uint32_t start_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr -
> > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > +     uint32_t end_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].end_blkaddr -
> > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr) + 1) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > +     uint32_t segno;
> > +     uint64_t blkcnt;
> > +     struct f2fs_sit_block *sit_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > +
> > +     ASSERT(sit_blk);
> > +
> > +     for (segno = start_segno; segno < end_segno; segno++) {
> > +             struct f2fs_sit_entry *sit;
> > +             uint64_t sit_blk_addr = get_sb(sit_blkaddr) +
> > +                     (segno / SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
> > +
> > +             ASSERT(dev_read_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > +             sit = &sit_blk->entries[segno % SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK];
> > +             memset(&sit->valid_map, 0xFF, SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE);
> > +             sit->vblocks = cpu_to_le16((CURSEG_COLD_DATA <<
> > +                                     SIT_VBLOCKS_SHIFT) | c.blks_per_seg);
> > +             sit->mtime = cpu_to_le64(mkfs_time);
> > +             ASSERT(dev_write_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > +     }
> > +
> > +     blkcnt = (end_segno - start_segno) * c.blks_per_seg;
> > +     raw_node->i.i_size = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt << get_sb(log_blocksize));
> > +     raw_node->i.i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt + 1);
> > +
> > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.fofs = cpu_to_le32(0);
> > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.blk_addr =
> > +             cpu_to_le32(c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr);
> > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(blkcnt);
> > +
> > +     free(sit_blk);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int f2fs_write_alias_inodes(void)
> > +{
> > +     struct f2fs_node *raw_node;
> > +     block_t node_blkaddr;
> > +     int err = 0;
> > +     unsigned int i, dev_off = 0;
> > +
> > +     ASSERT(c.aliased_devices);
> > +
> > +     raw_node = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > +     if (raw_node == NULL) {
> > +             MSG(1, "\tError: Calloc Failed for raw_node!!!\n");
> > +             return -1;
> > +     }
> > +
> > +     for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > +             const char *filename;
> > +             nid_t ino;
> > +
> > +             if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > +                     continue;
> > +
> > +             ino = c.first_alias_ino + dev_off;
> > +             dev_off++;
> > +             f2fs_init_inode(sb, raw_node, ino, mkfs_time, 0x81c0);
> > +
> > +             raw_node->i.i_flags = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL |
> > +                             F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL);
> > +             raw_node->i.i_inline = F2FS_PIN_FILE;
> > +             raw_node->i.i_pino = sb->root_ino;
> > +             filename = c.devices[i].alias_filename;
> > +             raw_node->i.i_namelen = cpu_to_le32(strlen(filename));
> > +             memcpy(raw_node->i.i_name, filename, strlen(filename));
> > +
> > +             node_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > +             F2FS_NODE_FOOTER(raw_node)->next_blkaddr =
> > +                     cpu_to_le32(node_blkaddr + 1);
> > +
> > +             allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(raw_node, i);
> > +
> > +             DBG(1, "\tWriting aliased device inode (cold node), "
> > +                             "offset 0x%x\n", node_blkaddr);
> > +             if (write_inode(raw_node, node_blkaddr) < 0) {
> > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: While writing the raw_node to "
> > +                                     "disk!!!\n");
> > +                     err = -1;
> > +                     goto exit;
> > +             }
> > +
> > +             update_nat_journal(ino, node_blkaddr);
> > +             update_sit_journal(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > +             update_summary_entry(CURSEG_COLD_NODE, ino, 0);
> > +     }
> > +
> > +exit:
> > +     free(raw_node);
> > +     return err;
> > +}
> > +
> >  static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> >  {
> >       enum quota_type qtype;
> > @@ -1608,6 +1798,15 @@ static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> >               }
> >       }
> >
> > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > +             err = f2fs_write_alias_inodes();
> > +             if (err < 0) {
> > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: Failed to write aliased device "
> > +                             "inodes!!!\n");
> > +                     goto exit;
> > +             }
> > +     }
> > +
> >  #ifndef WITH_ANDROID
> >       err = f2fs_discard_obsolete_dnode();
> >       if (err < 0) {
> > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > index 2ba1c21..b113bbc 100644
> > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
> >       MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
> >       MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
> >       MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
> > -     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> > +     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name[@alias_filename]] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> >       MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
> >       MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
> >       MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
> > @@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ static void f2fs_show_info()
> >
> >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION)
> >               MSG(0, "Info: Enable Compression\n");
> > +
> > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS)
> > +             MSG(0, "Info: Enable device aliasing\n");
> >  }
> >
> >  #if defined(ANDROID_TARGET) && defined(HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H)
> > @@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> >       int32_t option=0;
> >       int val;
> >       char *token;
> > +     int dev_num;
> >
> >       while ((option = getopt_long(argc,argv,option_string,long_opts,NULL)) != EOF) {
> >               switch (option) {
> > @@ -200,17 +204,35 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> >                       }
> >                       break;
> >               case 'c':
> > -                     if (c.ndevs >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> > +                     dev_num = c.ndevs;
> > +
> > +                     if (dev_num >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> >                               MSG(0, "Error: Too many devices\n");
> >                               mkfs_usage();
> >                       }
> >
> > -                     if (strlen(optarg) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > +                     token = strtok(optarg, "@");
> > +                     if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> >                               MSG(0, "Error: device path should be less than "
> >                                       "%d characters\n", MAX_PATH_LEN);
> >                               mkfs_usage();
> >                       }
> > -                     c.devices[c.ndevs++].path = strdup(optarg);
> > +                     c.devices[dev_num].path = strdup(token);
> > +                     token = strtok(NULL, "");
> > +                     if (token) {
> > +                             if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > +                                     MSG(0, "Error: alias_filename should "
> > +                                             "be less than %d characters\n",
> > +                                             MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > +                                     mkfs_usage();
> > +                             }
> > +                             c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename =
> > +                                     strdup(token);
> > +                             if (!c.aliased_devices)
> > +                                     c.feature |= F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS;
> > +                             c.aliased_devices++;
> > +                     }
> > +                     c.ndevs++;
> >                       break;
> >               case 'd':
> >                       c.dbg_lv = atoi(optarg);
> > --
> > 2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog
> >


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Re: [PATCH 2/2] mkfs.f2fs: add device aliasing feature

[Daeho Jeong]

On Fri, Sep 13, 2024 at 3:27 PM Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> On 09/13, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> > From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> >
> > We can add a device aliasing file which can map the whole device with an
> > extent, not using node blocks. This mapped area should be pinned and
> > normally used for read-only usages. After finished using it, we can
> > deallocate the whole area and return it back to use it for other files.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> > ---
> >  fsck/dump.c             |  13 ++
> >  fsck/fsck.c             |  49 ++++--
> >  fsck/fsck.h             |   4 +-
> >  fsck/main.c             |   5 +
> >  include/f2fs_fs.h       |  11 ++
> >  mkfs/f2fs_format.c      | 335 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
> >  mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c |  30 +++-
> >  7 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/fsck/dump.c b/fsck/dump.c
> > index 8d5613e..aa9b5d3 100644
> > --- a/fsck/dump.c
> > +++ b/fsck/dump.c
> > @@ -499,6 +499,19 @@ static int dump_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> >       }
> >
> >       c.show_file_map_max_offset = f2fs_max_file_offset(&node_blk->i);
> > +
> > +     if (IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i)) {
> > +             u32 blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.blk_addr);
> > +             u32 len = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.len);
> > +             u32 idx;
> > +
> > +             for (idx = 0; idx < len; idx++)
> > +                     dump_data_blk(sbi, idx * F2FS_BLKSIZE, blkaddr++, false);
> > +             print_extent(true);
> > +
> > +             goto dump_xattr;
> > +     }
> > +
> >       addr_per_block = ADDRS_PER_BLOCK(&node_blk->i);
> >
> >       /* check data blocks in inode */
> > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.c b/fsck/fsck.c
> > index f8607fd..6feb294 100644
> > --- a/fsck/fsck.c
> > +++ b/fsck/fsck.c
> > @@ -914,6 +914,7 @@ void fsck_chk_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> >       int need_fix = 0;
> >       int ret;
> >       u32 cluster_size = 1 << node_blk->i.i_log_cluster_size;
> > +     bool is_aliasing = IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i);
> >
> >       if (!compressed)
> >               goto check_next;
> > @@ -1146,6 +1147,33 @@ check_next:
> >                               addrs_per_blk * NIDS_PER_BLOCK *
> >                               NIDS_PER_BLOCK) * F2FS_BLKSIZE;
> >       }
> > +
> > +     if (is_aliasing) {
> > +             struct extent_info ei;
> > +
> > +             get_extent_info(&ei, &node_blk->i.i_ext);
> > +             for (idx = 0; idx < ei.len; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> > +                     block_t blkaddr = ei.blk + idx;
> > +
> > +                     /* check extent info */
> > +                     check_extent_info(&child, blkaddr, 0);
> > +                     ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, &node_blk->i, blkaddr,
> > +                             &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt), ftype, nid,
> > +                             idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> > +                     if (!ret) {
> > +                             *blk_cnt = *blk_cnt + 1;
> > +                             if (cur_qtype != -1)
> > +                                     qf_last_blkofs[cur_qtype] = child.pgofs;
> > +                     } else if (c.fix_on) {
> > +                             node_blk->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(idx);
> > +                             need_fix = 1;
> > +                             break;
> > +                     }
> > +             }
> > +
> > +             goto check;
> > +     }
> > +
> >       for (idx = 0; idx < addrs; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> >               block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]);
> >
> > @@ -1178,11 +1206,11 @@ check_next:
> >                               child.pgofs - cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> >                       cbc->cnt++;
> >               ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi,
> > -                             IS_CASEFOLDED(&node_blk->i),
> > +                             &node_blk->i,
> >                               blkaddr,
> >                               &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),
> >                               ftype, nid, idx, ni->version,
> > -                             file_is_encrypt(&node_blk->i), node_blk);
> > +                             node_blk);
> >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]))
> >                       need_fix = 1;
> >               if (!ret) {
> > @@ -1376,7 +1404,7 @@ skip_blkcnt_fix:
> >       }
> >
> >       /* drop extent information to avoid potential wrong access */
> > -     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable())
> > +     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable() && !is_aliasing)
> >               node_blk->i.i_ext.len = 0;
> >
> >       if ((c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_INODE_CHKSUM) &&
> > @@ -1448,11 +1476,9 @@ int fsck_chk_dnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> >               if (!compr_rel && blkaddr == NEW_ADDR && child->pgofs -
> >                               cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> >                       cbc->cnt++;
> > -             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, IS_CASEFOLDED(inode),
> > -                     blkaddr, child,
> > +             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, inode, blkaddr, child,
> >                       le64_to_cpu(inode->i_blocks) == *blk_cnt, ftype,
> > -                     nid, idx, ni->version,
> > -                     file_is_encrypt(inode), node_blk);
> > +                     nid, idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->dn.addr[idx]))
> >                       need_fix = 1;
> >               if (!ret) {
> > @@ -2056,12 +2082,15 @@ int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded, u32 blk_addr,
> >       return 0;
> >  }
> >
> > -int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> > +int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> >               u32 blk_addr, struct child_info *child, int last_blk,
> >               enum FILE_TYPE ftype, u32 parent_nid, u16 idx_in_node, u8 ver,
> > -             int enc_name, struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> > +             struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> >  {
> >       struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
> > +     int casefolded = IS_CASEFOLDED(inode);
> > +     int enc_name = file_is_encrypt(inode);
> > +     int aliasing = IS_ALIASING(inode);
> >
> >       /* Is it reserved block? */
> >       if (blk_addr == NEW_ADDR) {
> > @@ -2074,7 +2103,7 @@ int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> >               return -EINVAL;
> >       }
> >
> > -     if (is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> > +     if (!aliasing && is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> >                                               idx_in_node, ver)) {
> >               ASSERT_MSG("summary data block is not valid. [0x%x]",
> >                                               parent_nid);
> > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.h b/fsck/fsck.h
> > index 6cac926..d306c22 100644
> > --- a/fsck/fsck.h
> > +++ b/fsck/fsck.h
> > @@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ extern int fsck_chk_idnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> >  extern int fsck_chk_didnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> >               enum FILE_TYPE, struct f2fs_node *, u32 *,
> >               struct f2fs_compr_blk_cnt *, struct child_info *);
> > -extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> > +extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> >               u32, struct child_info *, int, enum FILE_TYPE, u32, u16, u8,
> > -             int, struct f2fs_node *);
> > +             struct f2fs_node *);
> >  extern int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> >               u32, struct child_info *, int, int, struct f2fs_node *);
> >  int fsck_chk_inline_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_node *,
> > diff --git a/fsck/main.c b/fsck/main.c
> > index c13e287..c4f6167 100644
> > --- a/fsck/main.c
> > +++ b/fsck/main.c
> > @@ -976,6 +976,11 @@ static int do_defrag(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> >               return -1;
> >       }
> >
> > +     if (get_sb(feature) & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS) {
> > +             MSG(0, "Not support on image with device aliasing feature.\n");
> > +             return -1;
> > +     }
> > +
> >       if (c.defrag_start > get_sb(block_count))
> >               goto out_range;
> >       if (c.defrag_start < SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr)
> > diff --git a/include/f2fs_fs.h b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > index fdbc25b..108fde3 100644
> > --- a/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > +++ b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > @@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ struct device_info {
> >       uint64_t start_blkaddr;
> >       uint64_t end_blkaddr;
> >       uint32_t total_segments;
> > +     char *alias_filename;
> >
> >       /* to handle zone block devices */
> >       int zoned_model;
> > @@ -661,7 +662,13 @@ enum {
> >   */
> >  #define F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL            0x00000010 /* Immutable file */
> >  #define F2FS_NOATIME_FL                      0x00000080 /* do not update atime */
> > +#define F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL         0x80000000 /* File for aliasing a device */
> > +#define IS_ALIASING(fi)     ((fi)->i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL))
>
> Could you please rebase on the latest f2fs-tools? I got merge conflict around
> here.

Let me rebase it.

>
> >
> > +/*
> > + * On-disk file inline flags (f2fs_inode::i_inline)
> > + */
> > +#define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */
>
> Do we need the above define?

We need this to set F2FS_PIN_FILE to device aliasing files.

>
> >
> >  #define F2FS_ENC_UTF8_12_1   1
> >  #define F2FS_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL      (1 << 0)
> > @@ -694,6 +701,7 @@ enum {
> >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD                0x1000
> >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION     0x2000
> >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_RO                      0x4000
> > +#define F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS    0x8000
> >
> >  #define MAX_NR_FEATURE                       32
> >
> > @@ -1515,11 +1523,14 @@ struct f2fs_configuration {
> >       time_t fixed_time;
> >       int roll_forward;
> >       bool need_fsync;
> > +     int aliased_devices;
> > +     uint32_t aliased_segments;
> >
> >       /* mkfs parameters */
> >       int fake_seed;
> >       uint32_t next_free_nid;
> >       uint32_t lpf_ino;
> > +     uint32_t first_alias_ino;
> >       uint32_t root_uid;
> >       uint32_t root_gid;
> >       uint32_t blksize;
> > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > index db1bc89..077f620 100644
> > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
> >  #include <unistd.h>
> >  #include <f2fs_fs.h>
> >  #include <assert.h>
> > +#include <stdbool.h>
> >
> >  #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
> >  #include <sys/stat.h>
> > @@ -39,10 +40,62 @@ struct f2fs_super_block raw_sb;
> >  struct f2fs_super_block *sb = &raw_sb;
> >  struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp;
> >
> > +static inline bool device_is_aliased(unsigned int dev_num)
> > +{
> > +     if (dev_num >= c.ndevs)
> > +             return false;
> > +     return c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename != NULL;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline unsigned int target_device_index(uint64_t blkaddr)
> > +{
> > +     int i;
> > +
> > +     for (i = 0; i < c.ndevs; i++)
> > +             if (c.devices[i].start_blkaddr <= blkaddr &&
> > +                             c.devices[i].end_blkaddr >= blkaddr)
> > +                     return i;
> > +     return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +#define GET_SEGNO(blk_addr) ((blk_addr - get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / \
> > +                             c.blks_per_seg)
> > +#define START_BLOCK(segno) (segno * c.blks_per_seg + get_sb(main_blkaddr))
> > +
> >  /* Return first segment number of each area */
> > -#define prev_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] - c.segs_per_zone)
> > -#define next_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] + c.segs_per_zone)
> > -#define last_zone(cur)               ((cur - 1) * c.segs_per_zone)
> > +static inline uint32_t next_zone(int seg_type)
> > +{
> > +     uint32_t next_seg = c.cur_seg[seg_type] + c.segs_per_zone;
> > +     uint64_t next_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(next_seg);
> > +     int dev_num;
> > +
> > +     dev_num = target_device_index(next_blkaddr);
> > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > +             return GET_SEGNO(next_blkaddr);
> > +
> > +     while (dev_num < c.ndevs && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > +             dev_num++;
> > +
> > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num - 1].end_blkaddr + 1);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline uint32_t last_zone(uint32_t total_zone)
> > +{
> > +     uint32_t last_seg = (total_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_zone;
> > +     uint64_t last_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(last_seg);
> > +     int dev_num;
> > +
> > +     dev_num = target_device_index(last_blkaddr);
> > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > +             return GET_SEGNO(last_blkaddr);
> > +
> > +     while (dev_num > 0 && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > +             dev_num--;
> > +
> > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num + 1].start_blkaddr) -
> > +             c.segs_per_zone;
> > +}
> > +
> >  #define last_section(cur)    (cur + (c.secs_per_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_sec)
> >
> >  /* Return time fixed by the user or current time by default */
> > @@ -220,7 +273,7 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> >       uint64_t total_meta_zones, total_meta_segments;
> >       uint32_t sit_bitmap_size, max_sit_bitmap_size;
> >       uint32_t max_nat_bitmap_size, max_nat_segments;
> > -     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones;
> > +     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones = 0;
> >       enum quota_type qtype;
> >       int i;
> >
> > @@ -314,6 +367,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> >                       c.devices[i].end_blkaddr = c.devices[i].start_blkaddr +
> >                                       c.devices[i].total_segments *
> >                                       c.blks_per_seg - 1;
> > +                     if (device_is_aliased(i)) {
> > +                             if (c.devices[i].zoned_model ==
> > +                                             F2FS_ZONED_HM) {
> > +                                     MSG(1, "\tError: do not support "
> > +                                     "device aliasing for device[%d]\n", i);
> > +                                     return -1;
> > +                             }
> > +                             c.aliased_segments +=
> > +                                     c.devices[i].total_segments;
> > +                     }
> >               }
> >               if (c.ndevs > 1) {
> >                       memcpy(sb->devs[i].path, c.devices[i].path, MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > @@ -531,10 +594,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_LOST_FOUND)
> >               c.lpf_ino = c.next_free_nid++;
> >
> > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > +             c.first_alias_ino = c.next_free_nid;
> > +             c.next_free_nid += c.aliased_devices;
> > +             avail_zones += c.aliased_segments / c.segs_per_zone;
> > +     }
> > +
> >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > -             avail_zones = 2;
> > +             avail_zones += 2;
> >       else
> > -             avail_zones = 6;
> > +             avail_zones += 6;
> >
> >       if (total_zones <= avail_zones) {
> >               MSG(1, "\tError: %d zones: Need more zones "
> > @@ -701,6 +770,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> >       char *sum_compact, *sum_compact_p;
> >       struct f2fs_summary *sum_entry;
> >       unsigned short vblocks;
> > +     uint32_t used_segments = c.aliased_segments;
> >       int ret = -1;
> >
> >       cp = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > @@ -752,9 +822,14 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> >       }
> >
> >       set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > +     set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> >       set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > +     set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA]);
> >       set_cp(valid_block_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > -                                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA] +
> > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE] +
> > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA] +
> > +                     c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg);
> >       set_cp(rsvd_segment_count, c.reserved_segments);
> >
> >       /*
> > @@ -802,15 +877,16 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> >                                       c.reserved_segments);
> >
> >       /* main segments - reserved segments - (node + data segments) */
> > -     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO) {
> > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 2);
> > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 2 -
> > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > -     } else {
> > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 6);
> > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 6 -
> > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > -     }
> > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > +             used_segments += 2;
> > +     else
> > +             used_segments += 6;
> > +
> > +     set_cp(user_block_count, (f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > +                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg);
> > +     set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > +                     used_segments);
> > +
> >       /* cp page (2), data summaries (1), node summaries (3) */
> >       set_cp(cp_pack_total_block_count, 6 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> >       flags = CP_UMOUNT_FLAG | CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG;
> > @@ -826,8 +902,10 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> >
> >       set_cp(ckpt_flags, flags);
> >       set_cp(cp_pack_start_sum, 1 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> > -     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > -     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > +     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > +     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> >       set_cp(next_free_nid, c.next_free_nid);
> >       set_cp(sit_ver_bitmap_bytesize, ((get_sb(segment_count_sit) / 2) <<
> >                       get_sb(log_blocks_per_seg)) / 8);
> > @@ -975,9 +1053,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> >               goto free_cp_payload;
> >       }
> >
> > -     /* Fill segment summary for COLD_NODE to zero. */
> > +     /* Prepare and write Segment summary for COLD_NODE */
> >       memset(sum, 0, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> >       SET_SUM_TYPE(sum, SUM_TYPE_NODE);
> > +     memcpy(sum->entries, c.sum[CURSEG_COLD_NODE],
> > +                     sizeof(struct f2fs_summary) * MAX_CACHE_SUMS);
> > +
> >       cp_seg_blk++;
> >       DBG(1, "\tWriting Segment summary for COLD_NODE, at offset 0x%08"PRIx64"\n",
> >                       cp_seg_blk);
> > @@ -1210,10 +1291,40 @@ void update_summary_entry(int curseg_type, nid_t nid,
> >       sum->ofs_in_node = cpu_to_le16(ofs_in_node);
> >  }
> >
> > +static void add_dentry(struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk, unsigned int *didx,
> > +             const char *name, uint32_t ino, u8 type)
> > +{
> > +     int len = strlen(name);
> > +     f2fs_hash_t hash;
> > +
> > +     if (name[0] == '.' && (len == 1 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.')))
> > +             hash = 0;
> > +     else
> > +             hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)name, len);
> > +
> > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).ino = cpu_to_le32(ino);
> > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).file_type = type;
> > +
> > +     while (len > F2FS_SLOT_LEN) {
> > +             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name,
> > +                             F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > +             test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > +             len -= (int)F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > +             name += F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > +             (*didx)++;
> > +     }
> > +     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name, len);
> > +     test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > +     (*didx)++;
> > +}
> > +
> >  static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> >  {
> >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk = NULL;
> >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> >
> >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> >       if(dent_blk == NULL) {
> > @@ -1221,37 +1332,26 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> >               return 0;
> >       }
> >
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".",
> > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..",
> > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> >
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > -
> > -     /* bitmap for . and .. */
> > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > -
> > -     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > -             int len = strlen(LPF);
> > -             f2fs_hash_t hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)LPF, len);
> > +     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > +             add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, LPF, c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> >
> > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 2), LPF, F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > +             int i, dev_off = 0;
> >
> > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 3), &LPF[F2FS_SLOT_LEN],
> > -                             len - F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > +             for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > +                     if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > +                             continue;
> >
> > -             test_and_set_bit_le(2, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > -             test_and_set_bit_le(3, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > +                     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, c.devices[i].alias_filename,
> > +                                     c.first_alias_ino + dev_off,
> > +                                     F2FS_FT_REG_FILE);
> > +                     dev_off++;
> > +             }
> >       }
> >
> >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> > @@ -1324,6 +1424,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> >       struct v2_disk_dqinfo ddqinfo;
> >       struct v2r1_disk_dqblk dqblk;
> >       block_t blkaddr;
> > +     uint64_t icnt = 1, bcnt = 1;
> >       int i;
> >
> >       if (filebuf == NULL) {
> > @@ -1359,16 +1460,18 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> >       dqblk.dqb_pad = cpu_to_le32(0);
> >       dqblk.dqb_ihardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> >       dqblk.dqb_isoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(2);
> > -     else
> > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(1);
> > +     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > +             icnt++;
> > +             bcnt++;
> > +     }
> > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > +             icnt += c.aliased_devices;
> > +             bcnt += c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg;
> > +     }
> > +     dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(icnt);
> >       dqblk.dqb_bhardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> >       dqblk.dqb_bsoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * 2);
> > -     else
> > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> > +     dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * bcnt);
> >       dqblk.dqb_btime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> >       dqblk.dqb_itime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> >
> > @@ -1491,6 +1594,7 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> >  {
> >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk;
> >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> >
> >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> >       if (dent_blk == NULL) {
> > @@ -1498,20 +1602,8 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> >               return 0;
> >       }
> >
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > -
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > -
> > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> >
> >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> >
> > @@ -1579,6 +1671,104 @@ exit:
> >       return err;
> >  }
> >
> > +static void allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(struct f2fs_node *raw_node,
> > +             unsigned int dev_num)
> > +{
> > +     uint32_t start_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr -
> > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > +     uint32_t end_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].end_blkaddr -
> > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr) + 1) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > +     uint32_t segno;
> > +     uint64_t blkcnt;
> > +     struct f2fs_sit_block *sit_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > +
> > +     ASSERT(sit_blk);
> > +
> > +     for (segno = start_segno; segno < end_segno; segno++) {
> > +             struct f2fs_sit_entry *sit;
> > +             uint64_t sit_blk_addr = get_sb(sit_blkaddr) +
> > +                     (segno / SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
> > +
> > +             ASSERT(dev_read_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > +             sit = &sit_blk->entries[segno % SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK];
> > +             memset(&sit->valid_map, 0xFF, SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE);
> > +             sit->vblocks = cpu_to_le16((CURSEG_COLD_DATA <<
> > +                                     SIT_VBLOCKS_SHIFT) | c.blks_per_seg);
> > +             sit->mtime = cpu_to_le64(mkfs_time);
> > +             ASSERT(dev_write_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > +     }
> > +
> > +     blkcnt = (end_segno - start_segno) * c.blks_per_seg;
> > +     raw_node->i.i_size = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt << get_sb(log_blocksize));
> > +     raw_node->i.i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt + 1);
> > +
> > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.fofs = cpu_to_le32(0);
> > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.blk_addr =
> > +             cpu_to_le32(c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr);
> > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(blkcnt);
> > +
> > +     free(sit_blk);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int f2fs_write_alias_inodes(void)
> > +{
> > +     struct f2fs_node *raw_node;
> > +     block_t node_blkaddr;
> > +     int err = 0;
> > +     unsigned int i, dev_off = 0;
> > +
> > +     ASSERT(c.aliased_devices);
> > +
> > +     raw_node = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > +     if (raw_node == NULL) {
> > +             MSG(1, "\tError: Calloc Failed for raw_node!!!\n");
> > +             return -1;
> > +     }
> > +
> > +     for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > +             const char *filename;
> > +             nid_t ino;
> > +
> > +             if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > +                     continue;
> > +
> > +             ino = c.first_alias_ino + dev_off;
> > +             dev_off++;
> > +             f2fs_init_inode(sb, raw_node, ino, mkfs_time, 0x81c0);
> > +
> > +             raw_node->i.i_flags = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL |
> > +                             F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL);
> > +             raw_node->i.i_inline = F2FS_PIN_FILE;
> > +             raw_node->i.i_pino = sb->root_ino;
> > +             filename = c.devices[i].alias_filename;
> > +             raw_node->i.i_namelen = cpu_to_le32(strlen(filename));
> > +             memcpy(raw_node->i.i_name, filename, strlen(filename));
> > +
> > +             node_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > +             F2FS_NODE_FOOTER(raw_node)->next_blkaddr =
> > +                     cpu_to_le32(node_blkaddr + 1);
> > +
> > +             allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(raw_node, i);
> > +
> > +             DBG(1, "\tWriting aliased device inode (cold node), "
> > +                             "offset 0x%x\n", node_blkaddr);
> > +             if (write_inode(raw_node, node_blkaddr) < 0) {
> > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: While writing the raw_node to "
> > +                                     "disk!!!\n");
> > +                     err = -1;
> > +                     goto exit;
> > +             }
> > +
> > +             update_nat_journal(ino, node_blkaddr);
> > +             update_sit_journal(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > +             update_summary_entry(CURSEG_COLD_NODE, ino, 0);
> > +     }
> > +
> > +exit:
> > +     free(raw_node);
> > +     return err;
> > +}
> > +
> >  static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> >  {
> >       enum quota_type qtype;
> > @@ -1608,6 +1798,15 @@ static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> >               }
> >       }
> >
> > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > +             err = f2fs_write_alias_inodes();
> > +             if (err < 0) {
> > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: Failed to write aliased device "
> > +                             "inodes!!!\n");
> > +                     goto exit;
> > +             }
> > +     }
> > +
> >  #ifndef WITH_ANDROID
> >       err = f2fs_discard_obsolete_dnode();
> >       if (err < 0) {
> > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > index 2ba1c21..b113bbc 100644
> > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
> >       MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
> >       MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
> >       MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
> > -     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> > +     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name[@alias_filename]] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> >       MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
> >       MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
> >       MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
> > @@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ static void f2fs_show_info()
> >
> >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION)
> >               MSG(0, "Info: Enable Compression\n");
> > +
> > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS)
> > +             MSG(0, "Info: Enable device aliasing\n");
> >  }
> >
> >  #if defined(ANDROID_TARGET) && defined(HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H)
> > @@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> >       int32_t option=0;
> >       int val;
> >       char *token;
> > +     int dev_num;
> >
> >       while ((option = getopt_long(argc,argv,option_string,long_opts,NULL)) != EOF) {
> >               switch (option) {
> > @@ -200,17 +204,35 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> >                       }
> >                       break;
> >               case 'c':
> > -                     if (c.ndevs >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> > +                     dev_num = c.ndevs;
> > +
> > +                     if (dev_num >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> >                               MSG(0, "Error: Too many devices\n");
> >                               mkfs_usage();
> >                       }
> >
> > -                     if (strlen(optarg) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > +                     token = strtok(optarg, "@");
> > +                     if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> >                               MSG(0, "Error: device path should be less than "
> >                                       "%d characters\n", MAX_PATH_LEN);
> >                               mkfs_usage();
> >                       }
> > -                     c.devices[c.ndevs++].path = strdup(optarg);
> > +                     c.devices[dev_num].path = strdup(token);
> > +                     token = strtok(NULL, "");
> > +                     if (token) {
> > +                             if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > +                                     MSG(0, "Error: alias_filename should "
> > +                                             "be less than %d characters\n",
> > +                                             MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > +                                     mkfs_usage();
> > +                             }
> > +                             c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename =
> > +                                     strdup(token);
> > +                             if (!c.aliased_devices)
> > +                                     c.feature |= F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS;
> > +                             c.aliased_devices++;
> > +                     }
> > +                     c.ndevs++;
> >                       break;
> >               case 'd':
> >                       c.dbg_lv = atoi(optarg);
> > --
> > 2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog
> >

Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH 2/2] mkfs.f2fs: add device aliasing feature

[Jaegeuk Kim via Linux-f2fs-devel]

On 09/16, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> On Fri, Sep 13, 2024 at 3:27 PM Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> wrote:
> >
> > On 09/13, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> > > From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> > >
> > > We can add a device aliasing file which can map the whole device with an
> > > extent, not using node blocks. This mapped area should be pinned and
> > > normally used for read-only usages. After finished using it, we can
> > > deallocate the whole area and return it back to use it for other files.
> > >
> > > Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> > > ---
> > >  fsck/dump.c             |  13 ++
> > >  fsck/fsck.c             |  49 ++++--
> > >  fsck/fsck.h             |   4 +-
> > >  fsck/main.c             |   5 +
> > >  include/f2fs_fs.h       |  11 ++
> > >  mkfs/f2fs_format.c      | 335 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
> > >  mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c |  30 +++-
> > >  7 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
> > >
> > > diff --git a/fsck/dump.c b/fsck/dump.c
> > > index 8d5613e..aa9b5d3 100644
> > > --- a/fsck/dump.c
> > > +++ b/fsck/dump.c
> > > @@ -499,6 +499,19 @@ static int dump_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> > >       }
> > >
> > >       c.show_file_map_max_offset = f2fs_max_file_offset(&node_blk->i);
> > > +
> > > +     if (IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i)) {
> > > +             u32 blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.blk_addr);
> > > +             u32 len = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.len);
> > > +             u32 idx;
> > > +
> > > +             for (idx = 0; idx < len; idx++)
> > > +                     dump_data_blk(sbi, idx * F2FS_BLKSIZE, blkaddr++, false);
> > > +             print_extent(true);
> > > +
> > > +             goto dump_xattr;
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > >       addr_per_block = ADDRS_PER_BLOCK(&node_blk->i);
> > >
> > >       /* check data blocks in inode */
> > > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.c b/fsck/fsck.c
> > > index f8607fd..6feb294 100644
> > > --- a/fsck/fsck.c
> > > +++ b/fsck/fsck.c
> > > @@ -914,6 +914,7 @@ void fsck_chk_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> > >       int need_fix = 0;
> > >       int ret;
> > >       u32 cluster_size = 1 << node_blk->i.i_log_cluster_size;
> > > +     bool is_aliasing = IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i);
> > >
> > >       if (!compressed)
> > >               goto check_next;
> > > @@ -1146,6 +1147,33 @@ check_next:
> > >                               addrs_per_blk * NIDS_PER_BLOCK *
> > >                               NIDS_PER_BLOCK) * F2FS_BLKSIZE;
> > >       }
> > > +
> > > +     if (is_aliasing) {
> > > +             struct extent_info ei;
> > > +
> > > +             get_extent_info(&ei, &node_blk->i.i_ext);
> > > +             for (idx = 0; idx < ei.len; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> > > +                     block_t blkaddr = ei.blk + idx;
> > > +
> > > +                     /* check extent info */
> > > +                     check_extent_info(&child, blkaddr, 0);
> > > +                     ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, &node_blk->i, blkaddr,
> > > +                             &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt), ftype, nid,
> > > +                             idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> > > +                     if (!ret) {
> > > +                             *blk_cnt = *blk_cnt + 1;
> > > +                             if (cur_qtype != -1)
> > > +                                     qf_last_blkofs[cur_qtype] = child.pgofs;
> > > +                     } else if (c.fix_on) {
> > > +                             node_blk->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(idx);
> > > +                             need_fix = 1;
> > > +                             break;
> > > +                     }
> > > +             }
> > > +
> > > +             goto check;
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > >       for (idx = 0; idx < addrs; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> > >               block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]);
> > >
> > > @@ -1178,11 +1206,11 @@ check_next:
> > >                               child.pgofs - cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> > >                       cbc->cnt++;
> > >               ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi,
> > > -                             IS_CASEFOLDED(&node_blk->i),
> > > +                             &node_blk->i,
> > >                               blkaddr,
> > >                               &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),
> > >                               ftype, nid, idx, ni->version,
> > > -                             file_is_encrypt(&node_blk->i), node_blk);
> > > +                             node_blk);
> > >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]))
> > >                       need_fix = 1;
> > >               if (!ret) {
> > > @@ -1376,7 +1404,7 @@ skip_blkcnt_fix:
> > >       }
> > >
> > >       /* drop extent information to avoid potential wrong access */
> > > -     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable())
> > > +     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable() && !is_aliasing)
> > >               node_blk->i.i_ext.len = 0;
> > >
> > >       if ((c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_INODE_CHKSUM) &&
> > > @@ -1448,11 +1476,9 @@ int fsck_chk_dnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> > >               if (!compr_rel && blkaddr == NEW_ADDR && child->pgofs -
> > >                               cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> > >                       cbc->cnt++;
> > > -             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, IS_CASEFOLDED(inode),
> > > -                     blkaddr, child,
> > > +             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, inode, blkaddr, child,
> > >                       le64_to_cpu(inode->i_blocks) == *blk_cnt, ftype,
> > > -                     nid, idx, ni->version,
> > > -                     file_is_encrypt(inode), node_blk);
> > > +                     nid, idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> > >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->dn.addr[idx]))
> > >                       need_fix = 1;
> > >               if (!ret) {
> > > @@ -2056,12 +2082,15 @@ int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded, u32 blk_addr,
> > >       return 0;
> > >  }
> > >
> > > -int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> > > +int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> > >               u32 blk_addr, struct child_info *child, int last_blk,
> > >               enum FILE_TYPE ftype, u32 parent_nid, u16 idx_in_node, u8 ver,
> > > -             int enc_name, struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> > > +             struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> > >  {
> > >       struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
> > > +     int casefolded = IS_CASEFOLDED(inode);
> > > +     int enc_name = file_is_encrypt(inode);
> > > +     int aliasing = IS_ALIASING(inode);
> > >
> > >       /* Is it reserved block? */
> > >       if (blk_addr == NEW_ADDR) {
> > > @@ -2074,7 +2103,7 @@ int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> > >               return -EINVAL;
> > >       }
> > >
> > > -     if (is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> > > +     if (!aliasing && is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> > >                                               idx_in_node, ver)) {
> > >               ASSERT_MSG("summary data block is not valid. [0x%x]",
> > >                                               parent_nid);
> > > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.h b/fsck/fsck.h
> > > index 6cac926..d306c22 100644
> > > --- a/fsck/fsck.h
> > > +++ b/fsck/fsck.h
> > > @@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ extern int fsck_chk_idnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > >  extern int fsck_chk_didnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > >               enum FILE_TYPE, struct f2fs_node *, u32 *,
> > >               struct f2fs_compr_blk_cnt *, struct child_info *);
> > > -extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> > > +extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > >               u32, struct child_info *, int, enum FILE_TYPE, u32, u16, u8,
> > > -             int, struct f2fs_node *);
> > > +             struct f2fs_node *);
> > >  extern int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> > >               u32, struct child_info *, int, int, struct f2fs_node *);
> > >  int fsck_chk_inline_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_node *,
> > > diff --git a/fsck/main.c b/fsck/main.c
> > > index c13e287..c4f6167 100644
> > > --- a/fsck/main.c
> > > +++ b/fsck/main.c
> > > @@ -976,6 +976,11 @@ static int do_defrag(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> > >               return -1;
> > >       }
> > >
> > > +     if (get_sb(feature) & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS) {
> > > +             MSG(0, "Not support on image with device aliasing feature.\n");
> > > +             return -1;
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > >       if (c.defrag_start > get_sb(block_count))
> > >               goto out_range;
> > >       if (c.defrag_start < SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr)
> > > diff --git a/include/f2fs_fs.h b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > index fdbc25b..108fde3 100644
> > > --- a/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > +++ b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > @@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ struct device_info {
> > >       uint64_t start_blkaddr;
> > >       uint64_t end_blkaddr;
> > >       uint32_t total_segments;
> > > +     char *alias_filename;
> > >
> > >       /* to handle zone block devices */
> > >       int zoned_model;
> > > @@ -661,7 +662,13 @@ enum {
> > >   */
> > >  #define F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL            0x00000010 /* Immutable file */
> > >  #define F2FS_NOATIME_FL                      0x00000080 /* do not update atime */
> > > +#define F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL         0x80000000 /* File for aliasing a device */
> > > +#define IS_ALIASING(fi)     ((fi)->i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL))
> >
> > Could you please rebase on the latest f2fs-tools? I got merge conflict around
> > here.
> 
> Let me rebase it.
> 
> >
> > >
> > > +/*
> > > + * On-disk file inline flags (f2fs_inode::i_inline)
> > > + */
> > > +#define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */
> >
> > Do we need the above define?
> 
> We need this to set F2FS_PIN_FILE to device aliasing files.

The definition already exists in:

 964 #define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */

> 
> >
> > >
> > >  #define F2FS_ENC_UTF8_12_1   1
> > >  #define F2FS_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL      (1 << 0)
> > > @@ -694,6 +701,7 @@ enum {
> > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD                0x1000
> > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION     0x2000
> > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_RO                      0x4000
> > > +#define F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS    0x8000
> > >
> > >  #define MAX_NR_FEATURE                       32
> > >
> > > @@ -1515,11 +1523,14 @@ struct f2fs_configuration {
> > >       time_t fixed_time;
> > >       int roll_forward;
> > >       bool need_fsync;
> > > +     int aliased_devices;
> > > +     uint32_t aliased_segments;
> > >
> > >       /* mkfs parameters */
> > >       int fake_seed;
> > >       uint32_t next_free_nid;
> > >       uint32_t lpf_ino;
> > > +     uint32_t first_alias_ino;
> > >       uint32_t root_uid;
> > >       uint32_t root_gid;
> > >       uint32_t blksize;
> > > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > index db1bc89..077f620 100644
> > > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
> > >  #include <unistd.h>
> > >  #include <f2fs_fs.h>
> > >  #include <assert.h>
> > > +#include <stdbool.h>
> > >
> > >  #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
> > >  #include <sys/stat.h>
> > > @@ -39,10 +40,62 @@ struct f2fs_super_block raw_sb;
> > >  struct f2fs_super_block *sb = &raw_sb;
> > >  struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp;
> > >
> > > +static inline bool device_is_aliased(unsigned int dev_num)
> > > +{
> > > +     if (dev_num >= c.ndevs)
> > > +             return false;
> > > +     return c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename != NULL;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +static inline unsigned int target_device_index(uint64_t blkaddr)
> > > +{
> > > +     int i;
> > > +
> > > +     for (i = 0; i < c.ndevs; i++)
> > > +             if (c.devices[i].start_blkaddr <= blkaddr &&
> > > +                             c.devices[i].end_blkaddr >= blkaddr)
> > > +                     return i;
> > > +     return 0;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +#define GET_SEGNO(blk_addr) ((blk_addr - get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / \
> > > +                             c.blks_per_seg)
> > > +#define START_BLOCK(segno) (segno * c.blks_per_seg + get_sb(main_blkaddr))
> > > +
> > >  /* Return first segment number of each area */
> > > -#define prev_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] - c.segs_per_zone)
> > > -#define next_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] + c.segs_per_zone)
> > > -#define last_zone(cur)               ((cur - 1) * c.segs_per_zone)
> > > +static inline uint32_t next_zone(int seg_type)
> > > +{
> > > +     uint32_t next_seg = c.cur_seg[seg_type] + c.segs_per_zone;
> > > +     uint64_t next_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(next_seg);
> > > +     int dev_num;
> > > +
> > > +     dev_num = target_device_index(next_blkaddr);
> > > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > +             return GET_SEGNO(next_blkaddr);
> > > +
> > > +     while (dev_num < c.ndevs && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > +             dev_num++;
> > > +
> > > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num - 1].end_blkaddr + 1);
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +static inline uint32_t last_zone(uint32_t total_zone)
> > > +{
> > > +     uint32_t last_seg = (total_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_zone;
> > > +     uint64_t last_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(last_seg);
> > > +     int dev_num;
> > > +
> > > +     dev_num = target_device_index(last_blkaddr);
> > > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > +             return GET_SEGNO(last_blkaddr);
> > > +
> > > +     while (dev_num > 0 && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > +             dev_num--;
> > > +
> > > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num + 1].start_blkaddr) -
> > > +             c.segs_per_zone;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > >  #define last_section(cur)    (cur + (c.secs_per_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_sec)
> > >
> > >  /* Return time fixed by the user or current time by default */
> > > @@ -220,7 +273,7 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > >       uint64_t total_meta_zones, total_meta_segments;
> > >       uint32_t sit_bitmap_size, max_sit_bitmap_size;
> > >       uint32_t max_nat_bitmap_size, max_nat_segments;
> > > -     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones;
> > > +     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones = 0;
> > >       enum quota_type qtype;
> > >       int i;
> > >
> > > @@ -314,6 +367,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > >                       c.devices[i].end_blkaddr = c.devices[i].start_blkaddr +
> > >                                       c.devices[i].total_segments *
> > >                                       c.blks_per_seg - 1;
> > > +                     if (device_is_aliased(i)) {
> > > +                             if (c.devices[i].zoned_model ==
> > > +                                             F2FS_ZONED_HM) {
> > > +                                     MSG(1, "\tError: do not support "
> > > +                                     "device aliasing for device[%d]\n", i);
> > > +                                     return -1;
> > > +                             }
> > > +                             c.aliased_segments +=
> > > +                                     c.devices[i].total_segments;
> > > +                     }
> > >               }
> > >               if (c.ndevs > 1) {
> > >                       memcpy(sb->devs[i].path, c.devices[i].path, MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > > @@ -531,10 +594,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_LOST_FOUND)
> > >               c.lpf_ino = c.next_free_nid++;
> > >
> > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > +             c.first_alias_ino = c.next_free_nid;
> > > +             c.next_free_nid += c.aliased_devices;
> > > +             avail_zones += c.aliased_segments / c.segs_per_zone;
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > > -             avail_zones = 2;
> > > +             avail_zones += 2;
> > >       else
> > > -             avail_zones = 6;
> > > +             avail_zones += 6;
> > >
> > >       if (total_zones <= avail_zones) {
> > >               MSG(1, "\tError: %d zones: Need more zones "
> > > @@ -701,6 +770,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > >       char *sum_compact, *sum_compact_p;
> > >       struct f2fs_summary *sum_entry;
> > >       unsigned short vblocks;
> > > +     uint32_t used_segments = c.aliased_segments;
> > >       int ret = -1;
> > >
> > >       cp = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > @@ -752,9 +822,14 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > >       }
> > >
> > >       set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > +     set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > >       set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > > +     set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA]);
> > >       set_cp(valid_block_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > -                                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA] +
> > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE] +
> > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA] +
> > > +                     c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg);
> > >       set_cp(rsvd_segment_count, c.reserved_segments);
> > >
> > >       /*
> > > @@ -802,15 +877,16 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > >                                       c.reserved_segments);
> > >
> > >       /* main segments - reserved segments - (node + data segments) */
> > > -     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO) {
> > > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 2);
> > > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 2 -
> > > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > > -     } else {
> > > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 6);
> > > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 6 -
> > > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > > -     }
> > > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > > +             used_segments += 2;
> > > +     else
> > > +             used_segments += 6;
> > > +
> > > +     set_cp(user_block_count, (f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > > +                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg);
> > > +     set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > > +                     used_segments);
> > > +
> > >       /* cp page (2), data summaries (1), node summaries (3) */
> > >       set_cp(cp_pack_total_block_count, 6 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> > >       flags = CP_UMOUNT_FLAG | CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG;
> > > @@ -826,8 +902,10 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > >
> > >       set_cp(ckpt_flags, flags);
> > >       set_cp(cp_pack_start_sum, 1 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> > > -     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > -     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > +     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > > +     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > >       set_cp(next_free_nid, c.next_free_nid);
> > >       set_cp(sit_ver_bitmap_bytesize, ((get_sb(segment_count_sit) / 2) <<
> > >                       get_sb(log_blocks_per_seg)) / 8);
> > > @@ -975,9 +1053,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > >               goto free_cp_payload;
> > >       }
> > >
> > > -     /* Fill segment summary for COLD_NODE to zero. */
> > > +     /* Prepare and write Segment summary for COLD_NODE */
> > >       memset(sum, 0, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> > >       SET_SUM_TYPE(sum, SUM_TYPE_NODE);
> > > +     memcpy(sum->entries, c.sum[CURSEG_COLD_NODE],
> > > +                     sizeof(struct f2fs_summary) * MAX_CACHE_SUMS);
> > > +
> > >       cp_seg_blk++;
> > >       DBG(1, "\tWriting Segment summary for COLD_NODE, at offset 0x%08"PRIx64"\n",
> > >                       cp_seg_blk);
> > > @@ -1210,10 +1291,40 @@ void update_summary_entry(int curseg_type, nid_t nid,
> > >       sum->ofs_in_node = cpu_to_le16(ofs_in_node);
> > >  }
> > >
> > > +static void add_dentry(struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk, unsigned int *didx,
> > > +             const char *name, uint32_t ino, u8 type)
> > > +{
> > > +     int len = strlen(name);
> > > +     f2fs_hash_t hash;
> > > +
> > > +     if (name[0] == '.' && (len == 1 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.')))
> > > +             hash = 0;
> > > +     else
> > > +             hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)name, len);
> > > +
> > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).ino = cpu_to_le32(ino);
> > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).file_type = type;
> > > +
> > > +     while (len > F2FS_SLOT_LEN) {
> > > +             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name,
> > > +                             F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > +             test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > +             len -= (int)F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > > +             name += F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > > +             (*didx)++;
> > > +     }
> > > +     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name, len);
> > > +     test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > +     (*didx)++;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > >  static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> > >  {
> > >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk = NULL;
> > >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> > >
> > >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > >       if(dent_blk == NULL) {
> > > @@ -1221,37 +1332,26 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> > >               return 0;
> > >       }
> > >
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".",
> > > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..",
> > > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > >
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > > -
> > > -     /* bitmap for . and .. */
> > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > -
> > > -     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > > -             int len = strlen(LPF);
> > > -             f2fs_hash_t hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)LPF, len);
> > > +     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > +             add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, LPF, c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > >
> > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 2), LPF, F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > +             int i, dev_off = 0;
> > >
> > > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 3), &LPF[F2FS_SLOT_LEN],
> > > -                             len - F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > +             for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > > +                     if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > > +                             continue;
> > >
> > > -             test_and_set_bit_le(2, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > -             test_and_set_bit_le(3, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > +                     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, c.devices[i].alias_filename,
> > > +                                     c.first_alias_ino + dev_off,
> > > +                                     F2FS_FT_REG_FILE);
> > > +                     dev_off++;
> > > +             }
> > >       }
> > >
> > >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> > > @@ -1324,6 +1424,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> > >       struct v2_disk_dqinfo ddqinfo;
> > >       struct v2r1_disk_dqblk dqblk;
> > >       block_t blkaddr;
> > > +     uint64_t icnt = 1, bcnt = 1;
> > >       int i;
> > >
> > >       if (filebuf == NULL) {
> > > @@ -1359,16 +1460,18 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> > >       dqblk.dqb_pad = cpu_to_le32(0);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_ihardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_isoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(2);
> > > -     else
> > > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(1);
> > > +     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > > +             icnt++;
> > > +             bcnt++;
> > > +     }
> > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > +             icnt += c.aliased_devices;
> > > +             bcnt += c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg;
> > > +     }
> > > +     dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(icnt);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_bhardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_bsoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * 2);
> > > -     else
> > > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> > > +     dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * bcnt);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_btime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_itime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > >
> > > @@ -1491,6 +1594,7 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> > >  {
> > >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk;
> > >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> > >
> > >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > >       if (dent_blk == NULL) {
> > > @@ -1498,20 +1602,8 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> > >               return 0;
> > >       }
> > >
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > > -
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > > -
> > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > >
> > >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> > >
> > > @@ -1579,6 +1671,104 @@ exit:
> > >       return err;
> > >  }
> > >
> > > +static void allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(struct f2fs_node *raw_node,
> > > +             unsigned int dev_num)
> > > +{
> > > +     uint32_t start_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr -
> > > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > > +     uint32_t end_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].end_blkaddr -
> > > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr) + 1) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > > +     uint32_t segno;
> > > +     uint64_t blkcnt;
> > > +     struct f2fs_sit_block *sit_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > +
> > > +     ASSERT(sit_blk);
> > > +
> > > +     for (segno = start_segno; segno < end_segno; segno++) {
> > > +             struct f2fs_sit_entry *sit;
> > > +             uint64_t sit_blk_addr = get_sb(sit_blkaddr) +
> > > +                     (segno / SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
> > > +
> > > +             ASSERT(dev_read_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > > +             sit = &sit_blk->entries[segno % SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK];
> > > +             memset(&sit->valid_map, 0xFF, SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE);
> > > +             sit->vblocks = cpu_to_le16((CURSEG_COLD_DATA <<
> > > +                                     SIT_VBLOCKS_SHIFT) | c.blks_per_seg);
> > > +             sit->mtime = cpu_to_le64(mkfs_time);
> > > +             ASSERT(dev_write_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > > +     blkcnt = (end_segno - start_segno) * c.blks_per_seg;
> > > +     raw_node->i.i_size = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt << get_sb(log_blocksize));
> > > +     raw_node->i.i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt + 1);
> > > +
> > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.fofs = cpu_to_le32(0);
> > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.blk_addr =
> > > +             cpu_to_le32(c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr);
> > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(blkcnt);
> > > +
> > > +     free(sit_blk);
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +static int f2fs_write_alias_inodes(void)
> > > +{
> > > +     struct f2fs_node *raw_node;
> > > +     block_t node_blkaddr;
> > > +     int err = 0;
> > > +     unsigned int i, dev_off = 0;
> > > +
> > > +     ASSERT(c.aliased_devices);
> > > +
> > > +     raw_node = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > +     if (raw_node == NULL) {
> > > +             MSG(1, "\tError: Calloc Failed for raw_node!!!\n");
> > > +             return -1;
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > > +     for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > > +             const char *filename;
> > > +             nid_t ino;
> > > +
> > > +             if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > > +                     continue;
> > > +
> > > +             ino = c.first_alias_ino + dev_off;
> > > +             dev_off++;
> > > +             f2fs_init_inode(sb, raw_node, ino, mkfs_time, 0x81c0);
> > > +
> > > +             raw_node->i.i_flags = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL |
> > > +                             F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL);
> > > +             raw_node->i.i_inline = F2FS_PIN_FILE;
> > > +             raw_node->i.i_pino = sb->root_ino;
> > > +             filename = c.devices[i].alias_filename;
> > > +             raw_node->i.i_namelen = cpu_to_le32(strlen(filename));
> > > +             memcpy(raw_node->i.i_name, filename, strlen(filename));
> > > +
> > > +             node_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > > +             F2FS_NODE_FOOTER(raw_node)->next_blkaddr =
> > > +                     cpu_to_le32(node_blkaddr + 1);
> > > +
> > > +             allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(raw_node, i);
> > > +
> > > +             DBG(1, "\tWriting aliased device inode (cold node), "
> > > +                             "offset 0x%x\n", node_blkaddr);
> > > +             if (write_inode(raw_node, node_blkaddr) < 0) {
> > > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: While writing the raw_node to "
> > > +                                     "disk!!!\n");
> > > +                     err = -1;
> > > +                     goto exit;
> > > +             }
> > > +
> > > +             update_nat_journal(ino, node_blkaddr);
> > > +             update_sit_journal(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > > +             update_summary_entry(CURSEG_COLD_NODE, ino, 0);
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > > +exit:
> > > +     free(raw_node);
> > > +     return err;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > >  static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> > >  {
> > >       enum quota_type qtype;
> > > @@ -1608,6 +1798,15 @@ static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> > >               }
> > >       }
> > >
> > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > +             err = f2fs_write_alias_inodes();
> > > +             if (err < 0) {
> > > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: Failed to write aliased device "
> > > +                             "inodes!!!\n");
> > > +                     goto exit;
> > > +             }
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > >  #ifndef WITH_ANDROID
> > >       err = f2fs_discard_obsolete_dnode();
> > >       if (err < 0) {
> > > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > index 2ba1c21..b113bbc 100644
> > > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
> > >       MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
> > >       MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
> > >       MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
> > > -     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> > > +     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name[@alias_filename]] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> > >       MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
> > >       MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
> > >       MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
> > > @@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ static void f2fs_show_info()
> > >
> > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION)
> > >               MSG(0, "Info: Enable Compression\n");
> > > +
> > > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS)
> > > +             MSG(0, "Info: Enable device aliasing\n");
> > >  }
> > >
> > >  #if defined(ANDROID_TARGET) && defined(HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H)
> > > @@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> > >       int32_t option=0;
> > >       int val;
> > >       char *token;
> > > +     int dev_num;
> > >
> > >       while ((option = getopt_long(argc,argv,option_string,long_opts,NULL)) != EOF) {
> > >               switch (option) {
> > > @@ -200,17 +204,35 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> > >                       }
> > >                       break;
> > >               case 'c':
> > > -                     if (c.ndevs >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> > > +                     dev_num = c.ndevs;
> > > +
> > > +                     if (dev_num >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> > >                               MSG(0, "Error: Too many devices\n");
> > >                               mkfs_usage();
> > >                       }
> > >
> > > -                     if (strlen(optarg) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > > +                     token = strtok(optarg, "@");
> > > +                     if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > >                               MSG(0, "Error: device path should be less than "
> > >                                       "%d characters\n", MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > >                               mkfs_usage();
> > >                       }
> > > -                     c.devices[c.ndevs++].path = strdup(optarg);
> > > +                     c.devices[dev_num].path = strdup(token);
> > > +                     token = strtok(NULL, "");
> > > +                     if (token) {
> > > +                             if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > > +                                     MSG(0, "Error: alias_filename should "
> > > +                                             "be less than %d characters\n",
> > > +                                             MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > > +                                     mkfs_usage();
> > > +                             }
> > > +                             c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename =
> > > +                                     strdup(token);
> > > +                             if (!c.aliased_devices)
> > > +                                     c.feature |= F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS;
> > > +                             c.aliased_devices++;
> > > +                     }
> > > +                     c.ndevs++;
> > >                       break;
> > >               case 'd':
> > >                       c.dbg_lv = atoi(optarg);
> > > --
> > > 2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog
> > >


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Re: [PATCH 2/2] mkfs.f2fs: add device aliasing feature

[Jaegeuk Kim]

On 09/16, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> On Fri, Sep 13, 2024 at 3:27 PM Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> wrote:
> >
> > On 09/13, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> > > From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> > >
> > > We can add a device aliasing file which can map the whole device with an
> > > extent, not using node blocks. This mapped area should be pinned and
> > > normally used for read-only usages. After finished using it, we can
> > > deallocate the whole area and return it back to use it for other files.
> > >
> > > Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> > > ---
> > >  fsck/dump.c             |  13 ++
> > >  fsck/fsck.c             |  49 ++++--
> > >  fsck/fsck.h             |   4 +-
> > >  fsck/main.c             |   5 +
> > >  include/f2fs_fs.h       |  11 ++
> > >  mkfs/f2fs_format.c      | 335 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
> > >  mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c |  30 +++-
> > >  7 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
> > >
> > > diff --git a/fsck/dump.c b/fsck/dump.c
> > > index 8d5613e..aa9b5d3 100644
> > > --- a/fsck/dump.c
> > > +++ b/fsck/dump.c
> > > @@ -499,6 +499,19 @@ static int dump_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> > >       }
> > >
> > >       c.show_file_map_max_offset = f2fs_max_file_offset(&node_blk->i);
> > > +
> > > +     if (IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i)) {
> > > +             u32 blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.blk_addr);
> > > +             u32 len = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.len);
> > > +             u32 idx;
> > > +
> > > +             for (idx = 0; idx < len; idx++)
> > > +                     dump_data_blk(sbi, idx * F2FS_BLKSIZE, blkaddr++, false);
> > > +             print_extent(true);
> > > +
> > > +             goto dump_xattr;
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > >       addr_per_block = ADDRS_PER_BLOCK(&node_blk->i);
> > >
> > >       /* check data blocks in inode */
> > > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.c b/fsck/fsck.c
> > > index f8607fd..6feb294 100644
> > > --- a/fsck/fsck.c
> > > +++ b/fsck/fsck.c
> > > @@ -914,6 +914,7 @@ void fsck_chk_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> > >       int need_fix = 0;
> > >       int ret;
> > >       u32 cluster_size = 1 << node_blk->i.i_log_cluster_size;
> > > +     bool is_aliasing = IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i);
> > >
> > >       if (!compressed)
> > >               goto check_next;
> > > @@ -1146,6 +1147,33 @@ check_next:
> > >                               addrs_per_blk * NIDS_PER_BLOCK *
> > >                               NIDS_PER_BLOCK) * F2FS_BLKSIZE;
> > >       }
> > > +
> > > +     if (is_aliasing) {
> > > +             struct extent_info ei;
> > > +
> > > +             get_extent_info(&ei, &node_blk->i.i_ext);
> > > +             for (idx = 0; idx < ei.len; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> > > +                     block_t blkaddr = ei.blk + idx;
> > > +
> > > +                     /* check extent info */
> > > +                     check_extent_info(&child, blkaddr, 0);
> > > +                     ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, &node_blk->i, blkaddr,
> > > +                             &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt), ftype, nid,
> > > +                             idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> > > +                     if (!ret) {
> > > +                             *blk_cnt = *blk_cnt + 1;
> > > +                             if (cur_qtype != -1)
> > > +                                     qf_last_blkofs[cur_qtype] = child.pgofs;
> > > +                     } else if (c.fix_on) {
> > > +                             node_blk->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(idx);
> > > +                             need_fix = 1;
> > > +                             break;
> > > +                     }
> > > +             }
> > > +
> > > +             goto check;
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > >       for (idx = 0; idx < addrs; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> > >               block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]);
> > >
> > > @@ -1178,11 +1206,11 @@ check_next:
> > >                               child.pgofs - cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> > >                       cbc->cnt++;
> > >               ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi,
> > > -                             IS_CASEFOLDED(&node_blk->i),
> > > +                             &node_blk->i,
> > >                               blkaddr,
> > >                               &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),
> > >                               ftype, nid, idx, ni->version,
> > > -                             file_is_encrypt(&node_blk->i), node_blk);
> > > +                             node_blk);
> > >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]))
> > >                       need_fix = 1;
> > >               if (!ret) {
> > > @@ -1376,7 +1404,7 @@ skip_blkcnt_fix:
> > >       }
> > >
> > >       /* drop extent information to avoid potential wrong access */
> > > -     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable())
> > > +     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable() && !is_aliasing)
> > >               node_blk->i.i_ext.len = 0;
> > >
> > >       if ((c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_INODE_CHKSUM) &&
> > > @@ -1448,11 +1476,9 @@ int fsck_chk_dnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> > >               if (!compr_rel && blkaddr == NEW_ADDR && child->pgofs -
> > >                               cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> > >                       cbc->cnt++;
> > > -             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, IS_CASEFOLDED(inode),
> > > -                     blkaddr, child,
> > > +             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, inode, blkaddr, child,
> > >                       le64_to_cpu(inode->i_blocks) == *blk_cnt, ftype,
> > > -                     nid, idx, ni->version,
> > > -                     file_is_encrypt(inode), node_blk);
> > > +                     nid, idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> > >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->dn.addr[idx]))
> > >                       need_fix = 1;
> > >               if (!ret) {
> > > @@ -2056,12 +2082,15 @@ int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded, u32 blk_addr,
> > >       return 0;
> > >  }
> > >
> > > -int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> > > +int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> > >               u32 blk_addr, struct child_info *child, int last_blk,
> > >               enum FILE_TYPE ftype, u32 parent_nid, u16 idx_in_node, u8 ver,
> > > -             int enc_name, struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> > > +             struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> > >  {
> > >       struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
> > > +     int casefolded = IS_CASEFOLDED(inode);
> > > +     int enc_name = file_is_encrypt(inode);
> > > +     int aliasing = IS_ALIASING(inode);
> > >
> > >       /* Is it reserved block? */
> > >       if (blk_addr == NEW_ADDR) {
> > > @@ -2074,7 +2103,7 @@ int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> > >               return -EINVAL;
> > >       }
> > >
> > > -     if (is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> > > +     if (!aliasing && is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> > >                                               idx_in_node, ver)) {
> > >               ASSERT_MSG("summary data block is not valid. [0x%x]",
> > >                                               parent_nid);
> > > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.h b/fsck/fsck.h
> > > index 6cac926..d306c22 100644
> > > --- a/fsck/fsck.h
> > > +++ b/fsck/fsck.h
> > > @@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ extern int fsck_chk_idnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > >  extern int fsck_chk_didnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > >               enum FILE_TYPE, struct f2fs_node *, u32 *,
> > >               struct f2fs_compr_blk_cnt *, struct child_info *);
> > > -extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> > > +extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > >               u32, struct child_info *, int, enum FILE_TYPE, u32, u16, u8,
> > > -             int, struct f2fs_node *);
> > > +             struct f2fs_node *);
> > >  extern int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> > >               u32, struct child_info *, int, int, struct f2fs_node *);
> > >  int fsck_chk_inline_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_node *,
> > > diff --git a/fsck/main.c b/fsck/main.c
> > > index c13e287..c4f6167 100644
> > > --- a/fsck/main.c
> > > +++ b/fsck/main.c
> > > @@ -976,6 +976,11 @@ static int do_defrag(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> > >               return -1;
> > >       }
> > >
> > > +     if (get_sb(feature) & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS) {
> > > +             MSG(0, "Not support on image with device aliasing feature.\n");
> > > +             return -1;
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > >       if (c.defrag_start > get_sb(block_count))
> > >               goto out_range;
> > >       if (c.defrag_start < SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr)
> > > diff --git a/include/f2fs_fs.h b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > index fdbc25b..108fde3 100644
> > > --- a/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > +++ b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > @@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ struct device_info {
> > >       uint64_t start_blkaddr;
> > >       uint64_t end_blkaddr;
> > >       uint32_t total_segments;
> > > +     char *alias_filename;
> > >
> > >       /* to handle zone block devices */
> > >       int zoned_model;
> > > @@ -661,7 +662,13 @@ enum {
> > >   */
> > >  #define F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL            0x00000010 /* Immutable file */
> > >  #define F2FS_NOATIME_FL                      0x00000080 /* do not update atime */
> > > +#define F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL         0x80000000 /* File for aliasing a device */
> > > +#define IS_ALIASING(fi)     ((fi)->i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL))
> >
> > Could you please rebase on the latest f2fs-tools? I got merge conflict around
> > here.
> 
> Let me rebase it.
> 
> >
> > >
> > > +/*
> > > + * On-disk file inline flags (f2fs_inode::i_inline)
> > > + */
> > > +#define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */
> >
> > Do we need the above define?
> 
> We need this to set F2FS_PIN_FILE to device aliasing files.

The definition already exists in:

 964 #define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */

> 
> >
> > >
> > >  #define F2FS_ENC_UTF8_12_1   1
> > >  #define F2FS_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL      (1 << 0)
> > > @@ -694,6 +701,7 @@ enum {
> > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD                0x1000
> > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION     0x2000
> > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_RO                      0x4000
> > > +#define F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS    0x8000
> > >
> > >  #define MAX_NR_FEATURE                       32
> > >
> > > @@ -1515,11 +1523,14 @@ struct f2fs_configuration {
> > >       time_t fixed_time;
> > >       int roll_forward;
> > >       bool need_fsync;
> > > +     int aliased_devices;
> > > +     uint32_t aliased_segments;
> > >
> > >       /* mkfs parameters */
> > >       int fake_seed;
> > >       uint32_t next_free_nid;
> > >       uint32_t lpf_ino;
> > > +     uint32_t first_alias_ino;
> > >       uint32_t root_uid;
> > >       uint32_t root_gid;
> > >       uint32_t blksize;
> > > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > index db1bc89..077f620 100644
> > > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
> > >  #include <unistd.h>
> > >  #include <f2fs_fs.h>
> > >  #include <assert.h>
> > > +#include <stdbool.h>
> > >
> > >  #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
> > >  #include <sys/stat.h>
> > > @@ -39,10 +40,62 @@ struct f2fs_super_block raw_sb;
> > >  struct f2fs_super_block *sb = &raw_sb;
> > >  struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp;
> > >
> > > +static inline bool device_is_aliased(unsigned int dev_num)
> > > +{
> > > +     if (dev_num >= c.ndevs)
> > > +             return false;
> > > +     return c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename != NULL;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +static inline unsigned int target_device_index(uint64_t blkaddr)
> > > +{
> > > +     int i;
> > > +
> > > +     for (i = 0; i < c.ndevs; i++)
> > > +             if (c.devices[i].start_blkaddr <= blkaddr &&
> > > +                             c.devices[i].end_blkaddr >= blkaddr)
> > > +                     return i;
> > > +     return 0;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +#define GET_SEGNO(blk_addr) ((blk_addr - get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / \
> > > +                             c.blks_per_seg)
> > > +#define START_BLOCK(segno) (segno * c.blks_per_seg + get_sb(main_blkaddr))
> > > +
> > >  /* Return first segment number of each area */
> > > -#define prev_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] - c.segs_per_zone)
> > > -#define next_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] + c.segs_per_zone)
> > > -#define last_zone(cur)               ((cur - 1) * c.segs_per_zone)
> > > +static inline uint32_t next_zone(int seg_type)
> > > +{
> > > +     uint32_t next_seg = c.cur_seg[seg_type] + c.segs_per_zone;
> > > +     uint64_t next_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(next_seg);
> > > +     int dev_num;
> > > +
> > > +     dev_num = target_device_index(next_blkaddr);
> > > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > +             return GET_SEGNO(next_blkaddr);
> > > +
> > > +     while (dev_num < c.ndevs && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > +             dev_num++;
> > > +
> > > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num - 1].end_blkaddr + 1);
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +static inline uint32_t last_zone(uint32_t total_zone)
> > > +{
> > > +     uint32_t last_seg = (total_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_zone;
> > > +     uint64_t last_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(last_seg);
> > > +     int dev_num;
> > > +
> > > +     dev_num = target_device_index(last_blkaddr);
> > > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > +             return GET_SEGNO(last_blkaddr);
> > > +
> > > +     while (dev_num > 0 && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > +             dev_num--;
> > > +
> > > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num + 1].start_blkaddr) -
> > > +             c.segs_per_zone;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > >  #define last_section(cur)    (cur + (c.secs_per_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_sec)
> > >
> > >  /* Return time fixed by the user or current time by default */
> > > @@ -220,7 +273,7 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > >       uint64_t total_meta_zones, total_meta_segments;
> > >       uint32_t sit_bitmap_size, max_sit_bitmap_size;
> > >       uint32_t max_nat_bitmap_size, max_nat_segments;
> > > -     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones;
> > > +     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones = 0;
> > >       enum quota_type qtype;
> > >       int i;
> > >
> > > @@ -314,6 +367,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > >                       c.devices[i].end_blkaddr = c.devices[i].start_blkaddr +
> > >                                       c.devices[i].total_segments *
> > >                                       c.blks_per_seg - 1;
> > > +                     if (device_is_aliased(i)) {
> > > +                             if (c.devices[i].zoned_model ==
> > > +                                             F2FS_ZONED_HM) {
> > > +                                     MSG(1, "\tError: do not support "
> > > +                                     "device aliasing for device[%d]\n", i);
> > > +                                     return -1;
> > > +                             }
> > > +                             c.aliased_segments +=
> > > +                                     c.devices[i].total_segments;
> > > +                     }
> > >               }
> > >               if (c.ndevs > 1) {
> > >                       memcpy(sb->devs[i].path, c.devices[i].path, MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > > @@ -531,10 +594,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_LOST_FOUND)
> > >               c.lpf_ino = c.next_free_nid++;
> > >
> > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > +             c.first_alias_ino = c.next_free_nid;
> > > +             c.next_free_nid += c.aliased_devices;
> > > +             avail_zones += c.aliased_segments / c.segs_per_zone;
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > > -             avail_zones = 2;
> > > +             avail_zones += 2;
> > >       else
> > > -             avail_zones = 6;
> > > +             avail_zones += 6;
> > >
> > >       if (total_zones <= avail_zones) {
> > >               MSG(1, "\tError: %d zones: Need more zones "
> > > @@ -701,6 +770,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > >       char *sum_compact, *sum_compact_p;
> > >       struct f2fs_summary *sum_entry;
> > >       unsigned short vblocks;
> > > +     uint32_t used_segments = c.aliased_segments;
> > >       int ret = -1;
> > >
> > >       cp = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > @@ -752,9 +822,14 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > >       }
> > >
> > >       set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > +     set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > >       set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > > +     set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA]);
> > >       set_cp(valid_block_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > -                                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA] +
> > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE] +
> > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA] +
> > > +                     c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg);
> > >       set_cp(rsvd_segment_count, c.reserved_segments);
> > >
> > >       /*
> > > @@ -802,15 +877,16 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > >                                       c.reserved_segments);
> > >
> > >       /* main segments - reserved segments - (node + data segments) */
> > > -     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO) {
> > > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 2);
> > > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 2 -
> > > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > > -     } else {
> > > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 6);
> > > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 6 -
> > > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > > -     }
> > > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > > +             used_segments += 2;
> > > +     else
> > > +             used_segments += 6;
> > > +
> > > +     set_cp(user_block_count, (f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > > +                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg);
> > > +     set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > > +                     used_segments);
> > > +
> > >       /* cp page (2), data summaries (1), node summaries (3) */
> > >       set_cp(cp_pack_total_block_count, 6 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> > >       flags = CP_UMOUNT_FLAG | CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG;
> > > @@ -826,8 +902,10 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > >
> > >       set_cp(ckpt_flags, flags);
> > >       set_cp(cp_pack_start_sum, 1 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> > > -     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > -     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > +     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > > +     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > >       set_cp(next_free_nid, c.next_free_nid);
> > >       set_cp(sit_ver_bitmap_bytesize, ((get_sb(segment_count_sit) / 2) <<
> > >                       get_sb(log_blocks_per_seg)) / 8);
> > > @@ -975,9 +1053,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > >               goto free_cp_payload;
> > >       }
> > >
> > > -     /* Fill segment summary for COLD_NODE to zero. */
> > > +     /* Prepare and write Segment summary for COLD_NODE */
> > >       memset(sum, 0, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> > >       SET_SUM_TYPE(sum, SUM_TYPE_NODE);
> > > +     memcpy(sum->entries, c.sum[CURSEG_COLD_NODE],
> > > +                     sizeof(struct f2fs_summary) * MAX_CACHE_SUMS);
> > > +
> > >       cp_seg_blk++;
> > >       DBG(1, "\tWriting Segment summary for COLD_NODE, at offset 0x%08"PRIx64"\n",
> > >                       cp_seg_blk);
> > > @@ -1210,10 +1291,40 @@ void update_summary_entry(int curseg_type, nid_t nid,
> > >       sum->ofs_in_node = cpu_to_le16(ofs_in_node);
> > >  }
> > >
> > > +static void add_dentry(struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk, unsigned int *didx,
> > > +             const char *name, uint32_t ino, u8 type)
> > > +{
> > > +     int len = strlen(name);
> > > +     f2fs_hash_t hash;
> > > +
> > > +     if (name[0] == '.' && (len == 1 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.')))
> > > +             hash = 0;
> > > +     else
> > > +             hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)name, len);
> > > +
> > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).ino = cpu_to_le32(ino);
> > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).file_type = type;
> > > +
> > > +     while (len > F2FS_SLOT_LEN) {
> > > +             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name,
> > > +                             F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > +             test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > +             len -= (int)F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > > +             name += F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > > +             (*didx)++;
> > > +     }
> > > +     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name, len);
> > > +     test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > +     (*didx)++;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > >  static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> > >  {
> > >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk = NULL;
> > >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> > >
> > >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > >       if(dent_blk == NULL) {
> > > @@ -1221,37 +1332,26 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> > >               return 0;
> > >       }
> > >
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".",
> > > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..",
> > > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > >
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > > -
> > > -     /* bitmap for . and .. */
> > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > -
> > > -     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > > -             int len = strlen(LPF);
> > > -             f2fs_hash_t hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)LPF, len);
> > > +     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > +             add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, LPF, c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > >
> > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 2), LPF, F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > +             int i, dev_off = 0;
> > >
> > > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 3), &LPF[F2FS_SLOT_LEN],
> > > -                             len - F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > +             for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > > +                     if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > > +                             continue;
> > >
> > > -             test_and_set_bit_le(2, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > -             test_and_set_bit_le(3, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > +                     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, c.devices[i].alias_filename,
> > > +                                     c.first_alias_ino + dev_off,
> > > +                                     F2FS_FT_REG_FILE);
> > > +                     dev_off++;
> > > +             }
> > >       }
> > >
> > >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> > > @@ -1324,6 +1424,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> > >       struct v2_disk_dqinfo ddqinfo;
> > >       struct v2r1_disk_dqblk dqblk;
> > >       block_t blkaddr;
> > > +     uint64_t icnt = 1, bcnt = 1;
> > >       int i;
> > >
> > >       if (filebuf == NULL) {
> > > @@ -1359,16 +1460,18 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> > >       dqblk.dqb_pad = cpu_to_le32(0);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_ihardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_isoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(2);
> > > -     else
> > > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(1);
> > > +     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > > +             icnt++;
> > > +             bcnt++;
> > > +     }
> > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > +             icnt += c.aliased_devices;
> > > +             bcnt += c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg;
> > > +     }
> > > +     dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(icnt);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_bhardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_bsoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * 2);
> > > -     else
> > > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> > > +     dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * bcnt);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_btime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > >       dqblk.dqb_itime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > >
> > > @@ -1491,6 +1594,7 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> > >  {
> > >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk;
> > >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> > >
> > >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > >       if (dent_blk == NULL) {
> > > @@ -1498,20 +1602,8 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> > >               return 0;
> > >       }
> > >
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > > -
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > > -
> > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > >
> > >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> > >
> > > @@ -1579,6 +1671,104 @@ exit:
> > >       return err;
> > >  }
> > >
> > > +static void allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(struct f2fs_node *raw_node,
> > > +             unsigned int dev_num)
> > > +{
> > > +     uint32_t start_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr -
> > > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > > +     uint32_t end_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].end_blkaddr -
> > > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr) + 1) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > > +     uint32_t segno;
> > > +     uint64_t blkcnt;
> > > +     struct f2fs_sit_block *sit_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > +
> > > +     ASSERT(sit_blk);
> > > +
> > > +     for (segno = start_segno; segno < end_segno; segno++) {
> > > +             struct f2fs_sit_entry *sit;
> > > +             uint64_t sit_blk_addr = get_sb(sit_blkaddr) +
> > > +                     (segno / SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
> > > +
> > > +             ASSERT(dev_read_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > > +             sit = &sit_blk->entries[segno % SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK];
> > > +             memset(&sit->valid_map, 0xFF, SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE);
> > > +             sit->vblocks = cpu_to_le16((CURSEG_COLD_DATA <<
> > > +                                     SIT_VBLOCKS_SHIFT) | c.blks_per_seg);
> > > +             sit->mtime = cpu_to_le64(mkfs_time);
> > > +             ASSERT(dev_write_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > > +     blkcnt = (end_segno - start_segno) * c.blks_per_seg;
> > > +     raw_node->i.i_size = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt << get_sb(log_blocksize));
> > > +     raw_node->i.i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt + 1);
> > > +
> > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.fofs = cpu_to_le32(0);
> > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.blk_addr =
> > > +             cpu_to_le32(c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr);
> > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(blkcnt);
> > > +
> > > +     free(sit_blk);
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +static int f2fs_write_alias_inodes(void)
> > > +{
> > > +     struct f2fs_node *raw_node;
> > > +     block_t node_blkaddr;
> > > +     int err = 0;
> > > +     unsigned int i, dev_off = 0;
> > > +
> > > +     ASSERT(c.aliased_devices);
> > > +
> > > +     raw_node = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > +     if (raw_node == NULL) {
> > > +             MSG(1, "\tError: Calloc Failed for raw_node!!!\n");
> > > +             return -1;
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > > +     for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > > +             const char *filename;
> > > +             nid_t ino;
> > > +
> > > +             if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > > +                     continue;
> > > +
> > > +             ino = c.first_alias_ino + dev_off;
> > > +             dev_off++;
> > > +             f2fs_init_inode(sb, raw_node, ino, mkfs_time, 0x81c0);
> > > +
> > > +             raw_node->i.i_flags = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL |
> > > +                             F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL);
> > > +             raw_node->i.i_inline = F2FS_PIN_FILE;
> > > +             raw_node->i.i_pino = sb->root_ino;
> > > +             filename = c.devices[i].alias_filename;
> > > +             raw_node->i.i_namelen = cpu_to_le32(strlen(filename));
> > > +             memcpy(raw_node->i.i_name, filename, strlen(filename));
> > > +
> > > +             node_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > > +             F2FS_NODE_FOOTER(raw_node)->next_blkaddr =
> > > +                     cpu_to_le32(node_blkaddr + 1);
> > > +
> > > +             allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(raw_node, i);
> > > +
> > > +             DBG(1, "\tWriting aliased device inode (cold node), "
> > > +                             "offset 0x%x\n", node_blkaddr);
> > > +             if (write_inode(raw_node, node_blkaddr) < 0) {
> > > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: While writing the raw_node to "
> > > +                                     "disk!!!\n");
> > > +                     err = -1;
> > > +                     goto exit;
> > > +             }
> > > +
> > > +             update_nat_journal(ino, node_blkaddr);
> > > +             update_sit_journal(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > > +             update_summary_entry(CURSEG_COLD_NODE, ino, 0);
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > > +exit:
> > > +     free(raw_node);
> > > +     return err;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > >  static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> > >  {
> > >       enum quota_type qtype;
> > > @@ -1608,6 +1798,15 @@ static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> > >               }
> > >       }
> > >
> > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > +             err = f2fs_write_alias_inodes();
> > > +             if (err < 0) {
> > > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: Failed to write aliased device "
> > > +                             "inodes!!!\n");
> > > +                     goto exit;
> > > +             }
> > > +     }
> > > +
> > >  #ifndef WITH_ANDROID
> > >       err = f2fs_discard_obsolete_dnode();
> > >       if (err < 0) {
> > > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > index 2ba1c21..b113bbc 100644
> > > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
> > >       MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
> > >       MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
> > >       MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
> > > -     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> > > +     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name[@alias_filename]] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> > >       MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
> > >       MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
> > >       MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
> > > @@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ static void f2fs_show_info()
> > >
> > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION)
> > >               MSG(0, "Info: Enable Compression\n");
> > > +
> > > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS)
> > > +             MSG(0, "Info: Enable device aliasing\n");
> > >  }
> > >
> > >  #if defined(ANDROID_TARGET) && defined(HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H)
> > > @@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> > >       int32_t option=0;
> > >       int val;
> > >       char *token;
> > > +     int dev_num;
> > >
> > >       while ((option = getopt_long(argc,argv,option_string,long_opts,NULL)) != EOF) {
> > >               switch (option) {
> > > @@ -200,17 +204,35 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> > >                       }
> > >                       break;
> > >               case 'c':
> > > -                     if (c.ndevs >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> > > +                     dev_num = c.ndevs;
> > > +
> > > +                     if (dev_num >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> > >                               MSG(0, "Error: Too many devices\n");
> > >                               mkfs_usage();
> > >                       }
> > >
> > > -                     if (strlen(optarg) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > > +                     token = strtok(optarg, "@");
> > > +                     if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > >                               MSG(0, "Error: device path should be less than "
> > >                                       "%d characters\n", MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > >                               mkfs_usage();
> > >                       }
> > > -                     c.devices[c.ndevs++].path = strdup(optarg);
> > > +                     c.devices[dev_num].path = strdup(token);
> > > +                     token = strtok(NULL, "");
> > > +                     if (token) {
> > > +                             if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > > +                                     MSG(0, "Error: alias_filename should "
> > > +                                             "be less than %d characters\n",
> > > +                                             MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > > +                                     mkfs_usage();
> > > +                             }
> > > +                             c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename =
> > > +                                     strdup(token);
> > > +                             if (!c.aliased_devices)
> > > +                                     c.feature |= F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS;
> > > +                             c.aliased_devices++;
> > > +                     }
> > > +                     c.ndevs++;
> > >                       break;
> > >               case 'd':
> > >                       c.dbg_lv = atoi(optarg);
> > > --
> > > 2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog
> > >

Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH 2/2] mkfs.f2fs: add device aliasing feature

[Daeho Jeong]

On Mon, Sep 16, 2024 at 10:10 AM Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> On 09/16, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> > On Fri, Sep 13, 2024 at 3:27 PM Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> wrote:
> > >
> > > On 09/13, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> > > > From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> > > >
> > > > We can add a device aliasing file which can map the whole device with an
> > > > extent, not using node blocks. This mapped area should be pinned and
> > > > normally used for read-only usages. After finished using it, we can
> > > > deallocate the whole area and return it back to use it for other files.
> > > >
> > > > Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> > > > ---
> > > >  fsck/dump.c             |  13 ++
> > > >  fsck/fsck.c             |  49 ++++--
> > > >  fsck/fsck.h             |   4 +-
> > > >  fsck/main.c             |   5 +
> > > >  include/f2fs_fs.h       |  11 ++
> > > >  mkfs/f2fs_format.c      | 335 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
> > > >  mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c |  30 +++-
> > > >  7 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
> > > >
> > > > diff --git a/fsck/dump.c b/fsck/dump.c
> > > > index 8d5613e..aa9b5d3 100644
> > > > --- a/fsck/dump.c
> > > > +++ b/fsck/dump.c
> > > > @@ -499,6 +499,19 @@ static int dump_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > >       c.show_file_map_max_offset = f2fs_max_file_offset(&node_blk->i);
> > > > +
> > > > +     if (IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i)) {
> > > > +             u32 blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.blk_addr);
> > > > +             u32 len = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.len);
> > > > +             u32 idx;
> > > > +
> > > > +             for (idx = 0; idx < len; idx++)
> > > > +                     dump_data_blk(sbi, idx * F2FS_BLKSIZE, blkaddr++, false);
> > > > +             print_extent(true);
> > > > +
> > > > +             goto dump_xattr;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > >       addr_per_block = ADDRS_PER_BLOCK(&node_blk->i);
> > > >
> > > >       /* check data blocks in inode */
> > > > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.c b/fsck/fsck.c
> > > > index f8607fd..6feb294 100644
> > > > --- a/fsck/fsck.c
> > > > +++ b/fsck/fsck.c
> > > > @@ -914,6 +914,7 @@ void fsck_chk_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> > > >       int need_fix = 0;
> > > >       int ret;
> > > >       u32 cluster_size = 1 << node_blk->i.i_log_cluster_size;
> > > > +     bool is_aliasing = IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i);
> > > >
> > > >       if (!compressed)
> > > >               goto check_next;
> > > > @@ -1146,6 +1147,33 @@ check_next:
> > > >                               addrs_per_blk * NIDS_PER_BLOCK *
> > > >                               NIDS_PER_BLOCK) * F2FS_BLKSIZE;
> > > >       }
> > > > +
> > > > +     if (is_aliasing) {
> > > > +             struct extent_info ei;
> > > > +
> > > > +             get_extent_info(&ei, &node_blk->i.i_ext);
> > > > +             for (idx = 0; idx < ei.len; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> > > > +                     block_t blkaddr = ei.blk + idx;
> > > > +
> > > > +                     /* check extent info */
> > > > +                     check_extent_info(&child, blkaddr, 0);
> > > > +                     ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, &node_blk->i, blkaddr,
> > > > +                             &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt), ftype, nid,
> > > > +                             idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> > > > +                     if (!ret) {
> > > > +                             *blk_cnt = *blk_cnt + 1;
> > > > +                             if (cur_qtype != -1)
> > > > +                                     qf_last_blkofs[cur_qtype] = child.pgofs;
> > > > +                     } else if (c.fix_on) {
> > > > +                             node_blk->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(idx);
> > > > +                             need_fix = 1;
> > > > +                             break;
> > > > +                     }
> > > > +             }
> > > > +
> > > > +             goto check;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > >       for (idx = 0; idx < addrs; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> > > >               block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]);
> > > >
> > > > @@ -1178,11 +1206,11 @@ check_next:
> > > >                               child.pgofs - cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> > > >                       cbc->cnt++;
> > > >               ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi,
> > > > -                             IS_CASEFOLDED(&node_blk->i),
> > > > +                             &node_blk->i,
> > > >                               blkaddr,
> > > >                               &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),
> > > >                               ftype, nid, idx, ni->version,
> > > > -                             file_is_encrypt(&node_blk->i), node_blk);
> > > > +                             node_blk);
> > > >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]))
> > > >                       need_fix = 1;
> > > >               if (!ret) {
> > > > @@ -1376,7 +1404,7 @@ skip_blkcnt_fix:
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > >       /* drop extent information to avoid potential wrong access */
> > > > -     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable())
> > > > +     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable() && !is_aliasing)
> > > >               node_blk->i.i_ext.len = 0;
> > > >
> > > >       if ((c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_INODE_CHKSUM) &&
> > > > @@ -1448,11 +1476,9 @@ int fsck_chk_dnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> > > >               if (!compr_rel && blkaddr == NEW_ADDR && child->pgofs -
> > > >                               cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> > > >                       cbc->cnt++;
> > > > -             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, IS_CASEFOLDED(inode),
> > > > -                     blkaddr, child,
> > > > +             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, inode, blkaddr, child,
> > > >                       le64_to_cpu(inode->i_blocks) == *blk_cnt, ftype,
> > > > -                     nid, idx, ni->version,
> > > > -                     file_is_encrypt(inode), node_blk);
> > > > +                     nid, idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> > > >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->dn.addr[idx]))
> > > >                       need_fix = 1;
> > > >               if (!ret) {
> > > > @@ -2056,12 +2082,15 @@ int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded, u32 blk_addr,
> > > >       return 0;
> > > >  }
> > > >
> > > > -int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> > > > +int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> > > >               u32 blk_addr, struct child_info *child, int last_blk,
> > > >               enum FILE_TYPE ftype, u32 parent_nid, u16 idx_in_node, u8 ver,
> > > > -             int enc_name, struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> > > > +             struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> > > >  {
> > > >       struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
> > > > +     int casefolded = IS_CASEFOLDED(inode);
> > > > +     int enc_name = file_is_encrypt(inode);
> > > > +     int aliasing = IS_ALIASING(inode);
> > > >
> > > >       /* Is it reserved block? */
> > > >       if (blk_addr == NEW_ADDR) {
> > > > @@ -2074,7 +2103,7 @@ int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> > > >               return -EINVAL;
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > -     if (is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> > > > +     if (!aliasing && is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> > > >                                               idx_in_node, ver)) {
> > > >               ASSERT_MSG("summary data block is not valid. [0x%x]",
> > > >                                               parent_nid);
> > > > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.h b/fsck/fsck.h
> > > > index 6cac926..d306c22 100644
> > > > --- a/fsck/fsck.h
> > > > +++ b/fsck/fsck.h
> > > > @@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ extern int fsck_chk_idnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > > >  extern int fsck_chk_didnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > > >               enum FILE_TYPE, struct f2fs_node *, u32 *,
> > > >               struct f2fs_compr_blk_cnt *, struct child_info *);
> > > > -extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> > > > +extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > > >               u32, struct child_info *, int, enum FILE_TYPE, u32, u16, u8,
> > > > -             int, struct f2fs_node *);
> > > > +             struct f2fs_node *);
> > > >  extern int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> > > >               u32, struct child_info *, int, int, struct f2fs_node *);
> > > >  int fsck_chk_inline_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_node *,
> > > > diff --git a/fsck/main.c b/fsck/main.c
> > > > index c13e287..c4f6167 100644
> > > > --- a/fsck/main.c
> > > > +++ b/fsck/main.c
> > > > @@ -976,6 +976,11 @@ static int do_defrag(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> > > >               return -1;
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > +     if (get_sb(feature) & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS) {
> > > > +             MSG(0, "Not support on image with device aliasing feature.\n");
> > > > +             return -1;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > >       if (c.defrag_start > get_sb(block_count))
> > > >               goto out_range;
> > > >       if (c.defrag_start < SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr)
> > > > diff --git a/include/f2fs_fs.h b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > > index fdbc25b..108fde3 100644
> > > > --- a/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > > +++ b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > > @@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ struct device_info {
> > > >       uint64_t start_blkaddr;
> > > >       uint64_t end_blkaddr;
> > > >       uint32_t total_segments;
> > > > +     char *alias_filename;
> > > >
> > > >       /* to handle zone block devices */
> > > >       int zoned_model;
> > > > @@ -661,7 +662,13 @@ enum {
> > > >   */
> > > >  #define F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL            0x00000010 /* Immutable file */
> > > >  #define F2FS_NOATIME_FL                      0x00000080 /* do not update atime */
> > > > +#define F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL         0x80000000 /* File for aliasing a device */
> > > > +#define IS_ALIASING(fi)     ((fi)->i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL))
> > >
> > > Could you please rebase on the latest f2fs-tools? I got merge conflict around
> > > here.
> >
> > Let me rebase it.
> >
> > >
> > > >
> > > > +/*
> > > > + * On-disk file inline flags (f2fs_inode::i_inline)
> > > > + */
> > > > +#define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */
> > >
> > > Do we need the above define?
> >
> > We need this to set F2FS_PIN_FILE to device aliasing files.
>
> The definition already exists in:
>
>  964 #define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */

Oh, you're right.

Thanks,

>
> >
> > >
> > > >
> > > >  #define F2FS_ENC_UTF8_12_1   1
> > > >  #define F2FS_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL      (1 << 0)
> > > > @@ -694,6 +701,7 @@ enum {
> > > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD                0x1000
> > > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION     0x2000
> > > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_RO                      0x4000
> > > > +#define F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS    0x8000
> > > >
> > > >  #define MAX_NR_FEATURE                       32
> > > >
> > > > @@ -1515,11 +1523,14 @@ struct f2fs_configuration {
> > > >       time_t fixed_time;
> > > >       int roll_forward;
> > > >       bool need_fsync;
> > > > +     int aliased_devices;
> > > > +     uint32_t aliased_segments;
> > > >
> > > >       /* mkfs parameters */
> > > >       int fake_seed;
> > > >       uint32_t next_free_nid;
> > > >       uint32_t lpf_ino;
> > > > +     uint32_t first_alias_ino;
> > > >       uint32_t root_uid;
> > > >       uint32_t root_gid;
> > > >       uint32_t blksize;
> > > > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > > index db1bc89..077f620 100644
> > > > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > > @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
> > > >  #include <unistd.h>
> > > >  #include <f2fs_fs.h>
> > > >  #include <assert.h>
> > > > +#include <stdbool.h>
> > > >
> > > >  #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
> > > >  #include <sys/stat.h>
> > > > @@ -39,10 +40,62 @@ struct f2fs_super_block raw_sb;
> > > >  struct f2fs_super_block *sb = &raw_sb;
> > > >  struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp;
> > > >
> > > > +static inline bool device_is_aliased(unsigned int dev_num)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     if (dev_num >= c.ndevs)
> > > > +             return false;
> > > > +     return c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename != NULL;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static inline unsigned int target_device_index(uint64_t blkaddr)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     int i;
> > > > +
> > > > +     for (i = 0; i < c.ndevs; i++)
> > > > +             if (c.devices[i].start_blkaddr <= blkaddr &&
> > > > +                             c.devices[i].end_blkaddr >= blkaddr)
> > > > +                     return i;
> > > > +     return 0;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +#define GET_SEGNO(blk_addr) ((blk_addr - get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / \
> > > > +                             c.blks_per_seg)
> > > > +#define START_BLOCK(segno) (segno * c.blks_per_seg + get_sb(main_blkaddr))
> > > > +
> > > >  /* Return first segment number of each area */
> > > > -#define prev_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] - c.segs_per_zone)
> > > > -#define next_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] + c.segs_per_zone)
> > > > -#define last_zone(cur)               ((cur - 1) * c.segs_per_zone)
> > > > +static inline uint32_t next_zone(int seg_type)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     uint32_t next_seg = c.cur_seg[seg_type] + c.segs_per_zone;
> > > > +     uint64_t next_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(next_seg);
> > > > +     int dev_num;
> > > > +
> > > > +     dev_num = target_device_index(next_blkaddr);
> > > > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > > +             return GET_SEGNO(next_blkaddr);
> > > > +
> > > > +     while (dev_num < c.ndevs && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > > +             dev_num++;
> > > > +
> > > > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num - 1].end_blkaddr + 1);
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static inline uint32_t last_zone(uint32_t total_zone)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     uint32_t last_seg = (total_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_zone;
> > > > +     uint64_t last_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(last_seg);
> > > > +     int dev_num;
> > > > +
> > > > +     dev_num = target_device_index(last_blkaddr);
> > > > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > > +             return GET_SEGNO(last_blkaddr);
> > > > +
> > > > +     while (dev_num > 0 && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > > +             dev_num--;
> > > > +
> > > > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num + 1].start_blkaddr) -
> > > > +             c.segs_per_zone;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > >  #define last_section(cur)    (cur + (c.secs_per_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_sec)
> > > >
> > > >  /* Return time fixed by the user or current time by default */
> > > > @@ -220,7 +273,7 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > > >       uint64_t total_meta_zones, total_meta_segments;
> > > >       uint32_t sit_bitmap_size, max_sit_bitmap_size;
> > > >       uint32_t max_nat_bitmap_size, max_nat_segments;
> > > > -     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones;
> > > > +     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones = 0;
> > > >       enum quota_type qtype;
> > > >       int i;
> > > >
> > > > @@ -314,6 +367,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > > >                       c.devices[i].end_blkaddr = c.devices[i].start_blkaddr +
> > > >                                       c.devices[i].total_segments *
> > > >                                       c.blks_per_seg - 1;
> > > > +                     if (device_is_aliased(i)) {
> > > > +                             if (c.devices[i].zoned_model ==
> > > > +                                             F2FS_ZONED_HM) {
> > > > +                                     MSG(1, "\tError: do not support "
> > > > +                                     "device aliasing for device[%d]\n", i);
> > > > +                                     return -1;
> > > > +                             }
> > > > +                             c.aliased_segments +=
> > > > +                                     c.devices[i].total_segments;
> > > > +                     }
> > > >               }
> > > >               if (c.ndevs > 1) {
> > > >                       memcpy(sb->devs[i].path, c.devices[i].path, MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > > > @@ -531,10 +594,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_LOST_FOUND)
> > > >               c.lpf_ino = c.next_free_nid++;
> > > >
> > > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > > +             c.first_alias_ino = c.next_free_nid;
> > > > +             c.next_free_nid += c.aliased_devices;
> > > > +             avail_zones += c.aliased_segments / c.segs_per_zone;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > > > -             avail_zones = 2;
> > > > +             avail_zones += 2;
> > > >       else
> > > > -             avail_zones = 6;
> > > > +             avail_zones += 6;
> > > >
> > > >       if (total_zones <= avail_zones) {
> > > >               MSG(1, "\tError: %d zones: Need more zones "
> > > > @@ -701,6 +770,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > > >       char *sum_compact, *sum_compact_p;
> > > >       struct f2fs_summary *sum_entry;
> > > >       unsigned short vblocks;
> > > > +     uint32_t used_segments = c.aliased_segments;
> > > >       int ret = -1;
> > > >
> > > >       cp = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > > @@ -752,9 +822,14 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > >       set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > > +     set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > > >       set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > > > +     set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA]);
> > > >       set_cp(valid_block_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > > -                                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA] +
> > > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE] +
> > > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA] +
> > > > +                     c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg);
> > > >       set_cp(rsvd_segment_count, c.reserved_segments);
> > > >
> > > >       /*
> > > > @@ -802,15 +877,16 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > > >                                       c.reserved_segments);
> > > >
> > > >       /* main segments - reserved segments - (node + data segments) */
> > > > -     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO) {
> > > > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 2);
> > > > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 2 -
> > > > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > > > -     } else {
> > > > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 6);
> > > > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 6 -
> > > > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > > > -     }
> > > > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > > > +             used_segments += 2;
> > > > +     else
> > > > +             used_segments += 6;
> > > > +
> > > > +     set_cp(user_block_count, (f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > > > +                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg);
> > > > +     set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > > > +                     used_segments);
> > > > +
> > > >       /* cp page (2), data summaries (1), node summaries (3) */
> > > >       set_cp(cp_pack_total_block_count, 6 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> > > >       flags = CP_UMOUNT_FLAG | CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG;
> > > > @@ -826,8 +902,10 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > > >
> > > >       set_cp(ckpt_flags, flags);
> > > >       set_cp(cp_pack_start_sum, 1 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> > > > -     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > > -     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > > +     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > > > +     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > > >       set_cp(next_free_nid, c.next_free_nid);
> > > >       set_cp(sit_ver_bitmap_bytesize, ((get_sb(segment_count_sit) / 2) <<
> > > >                       get_sb(log_blocks_per_seg)) / 8);
> > > > @@ -975,9 +1053,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > > >               goto free_cp_payload;
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > -     /* Fill segment summary for COLD_NODE to zero. */
> > > > +     /* Prepare and write Segment summary for COLD_NODE */
> > > >       memset(sum, 0, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> > > >       SET_SUM_TYPE(sum, SUM_TYPE_NODE);
> > > > +     memcpy(sum->entries, c.sum[CURSEG_COLD_NODE],
> > > > +                     sizeof(struct f2fs_summary) * MAX_CACHE_SUMS);
> > > > +
> > > >       cp_seg_blk++;
> > > >       DBG(1, "\tWriting Segment summary for COLD_NODE, at offset 0x%08"PRIx64"\n",
> > > >                       cp_seg_blk);
> > > > @@ -1210,10 +1291,40 @@ void update_summary_entry(int curseg_type, nid_t nid,
> > > >       sum->ofs_in_node = cpu_to_le16(ofs_in_node);
> > > >  }
> > > >
> > > > +static void add_dentry(struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk, unsigned int *didx,
> > > > +             const char *name, uint32_t ino, u8 type)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     int len = strlen(name);
> > > > +     f2fs_hash_t hash;
> > > > +
> > > > +     if (name[0] == '.' && (len == 1 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.')))
> > > > +             hash = 0;
> > > > +     else
> > > > +             hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)name, len);
> > > > +
> > > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).ino = cpu_to_le32(ino);
> > > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).file_type = type;
> > > > +
> > > > +     while (len > F2FS_SLOT_LEN) {
> > > > +             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name,
> > > > +                             F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > > +             test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > +             len -= (int)F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > > > +             name += F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > > > +             (*didx)++;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name, len);
> > > > +     test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > +     (*didx)++;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > >  static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> > > >  {
> > > >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk = NULL;
> > > >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > > > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> > > >
> > > >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > >       if(dent_blk == NULL) {
> > > > @@ -1221,37 +1332,26 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> > > >               return 0;
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".",
> > > > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..",
> > > > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > >
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > > > -
> > > > -     /* bitmap for . and .. */
> > > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > -
> > > > -     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > > > -             int len = strlen(LPF);
> > > > -             f2fs_hash_t hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)LPF, len);
> > > > +     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > > +             add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, LPF, c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > >
> > > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 2), LPF, F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > > +             int i, dev_off = 0;
> > > >
> > > > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 3), &LPF[F2FS_SLOT_LEN],
> > > > -                             len - F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > > +             for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > > > +                     if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > > > +                             continue;
> > > >
> > > > -             test_and_set_bit_le(2, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > -             test_and_set_bit_le(3, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > +                     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, c.devices[i].alias_filename,
> > > > +                                     c.first_alias_ino + dev_off,
> > > > +                                     F2FS_FT_REG_FILE);
> > > > +                     dev_off++;
> > > > +             }
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> > > > @@ -1324,6 +1424,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> > > >       struct v2_disk_dqinfo ddqinfo;
> > > >       struct v2r1_disk_dqblk dqblk;
> > > >       block_t blkaddr;
> > > > +     uint64_t icnt = 1, bcnt = 1;
> > > >       int i;
> > > >
> > > >       if (filebuf == NULL) {
> > > > @@ -1359,16 +1460,18 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_pad = cpu_to_le32(0);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_ihardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_isoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(2);
> > > > -     else
> > > > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(1);
> > > > +     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > > > +             icnt++;
> > > > +             bcnt++;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > > +             icnt += c.aliased_devices;
> > > > +             bcnt += c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +     dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(icnt);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_bhardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_bsoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * 2);
> > > > -     else
> > > > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> > > > +     dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * bcnt);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_btime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_itime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > >
> > > > @@ -1491,6 +1594,7 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> > > >  {
> > > >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk;
> > > >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > > > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> > > >
> > > >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > >       if (dent_blk == NULL) {
> > > > @@ -1498,20 +1602,8 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> > > >               return 0;
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > > > -
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > > > -
> > > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > >
> > > >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> > > >
> > > > @@ -1579,6 +1671,104 @@ exit:
> > > >       return err;
> > > >  }
> > > >
> > > > +static void allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(struct f2fs_node *raw_node,
> > > > +             unsigned int dev_num)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     uint32_t start_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr -
> > > > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > > > +     uint32_t end_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].end_blkaddr -
> > > > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr) + 1) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > > > +     uint32_t segno;
> > > > +     uint64_t blkcnt;
> > > > +     struct f2fs_sit_block *sit_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > > +
> > > > +     ASSERT(sit_blk);
> > > > +
> > > > +     for (segno = start_segno; segno < end_segno; segno++) {
> > > > +             struct f2fs_sit_entry *sit;
> > > > +             uint64_t sit_blk_addr = get_sb(sit_blkaddr) +
> > > > +                     (segno / SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
> > > > +
> > > > +             ASSERT(dev_read_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > > > +             sit = &sit_blk->entries[segno % SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK];
> > > > +             memset(&sit->valid_map, 0xFF, SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE);
> > > > +             sit->vblocks = cpu_to_le16((CURSEG_COLD_DATA <<
> > > > +                                     SIT_VBLOCKS_SHIFT) | c.blks_per_seg);
> > > > +             sit->mtime = cpu_to_le64(mkfs_time);
> > > > +             ASSERT(dev_write_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > > +     blkcnt = (end_segno - start_segno) * c.blks_per_seg;
> > > > +     raw_node->i.i_size = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt << get_sb(log_blocksize));
> > > > +     raw_node->i.i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt + 1);
> > > > +
> > > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.fofs = cpu_to_le32(0);
> > > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.blk_addr =
> > > > +             cpu_to_le32(c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr);
> > > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(blkcnt);
> > > > +
> > > > +     free(sit_blk);
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static int f2fs_write_alias_inodes(void)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     struct f2fs_node *raw_node;
> > > > +     block_t node_blkaddr;
> > > > +     int err = 0;
> > > > +     unsigned int i, dev_off = 0;
> > > > +
> > > > +     ASSERT(c.aliased_devices);
> > > > +
> > > > +     raw_node = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > > +     if (raw_node == NULL) {
> > > > +             MSG(1, "\tError: Calloc Failed for raw_node!!!\n");
> > > > +             return -1;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > > +     for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > > > +             const char *filename;
> > > > +             nid_t ino;
> > > > +
> > > > +             if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > > > +                     continue;
> > > > +
> > > > +             ino = c.first_alias_ino + dev_off;
> > > > +             dev_off++;
> > > > +             f2fs_init_inode(sb, raw_node, ino, mkfs_time, 0x81c0);
> > > > +
> > > > +             raw_node->i.i_flags = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL |
> > > > +                             F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL);
> > > > +             raw_node->i.i_inline = F2FS_PIN_FILE;
> > > > +             raw_node->i.i_pino = sb->root_ino;
> > > > +             filename = c.devices[i].alias_filename;
> > > > +             raw_node->i.i_namelen = cpu_to_le32(strlen(filename));
> > > > +             memcpy(raw_node->i.i_name, filename, strlen(filename));
> > > > +
> > > > +             node_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > > > +             F2FS_NODE_FOOTER(raw_node)->next_blkaddr =
> > > > +                     cpu_to_le32(node_blkaddr + 1);
> > > > +
> > > > +             allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(raw_node, i);
> > > > +
> > > > +             DBG(1, "\tWriting aliased device inode (cold node), "
> > > > +                             "offset 0x%x\n", node_blkaddr);
> > > > +             if (write_inode(raw_node, node_blkaddr) < 0) {
> > > > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: While writing the raw_node to "
> > > > +                                     "disk!!!\n");
> > > > +                     err = -1;
> > > > +                     goto exit;
> > > > +             }
> > > > +
> > > > +             update_nat_journal(ino, node_blkaddr);
> > > > +             update_sit_journal(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > > > +             update_summary_entry(CURSEG_COLD_NODE, ino, 0);
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > > +exit:
> > > > +     free(raw_node);
> > > > +     return err;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > >  static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> > > >  {
> > > >       enum quota_type qtype;
> > > > @@ -1608,6 +1798,15 @@ static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> > > >               }
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > > +             err = f2fs_write_alias_inodes();
> > > > +             if (err < 0) {
> > > > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: Failed to write aliased device "
> > > > +                             "inodes!!!\n");
> > > > +                     goto exit;
> > > > +             }
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > >  #ifndef WITH_ANDROID
> > > >       err = f2fs_discard_obsolete_dnode();
> > > >       if (err < 0) {
> > > > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > > index 2ba1c21..b113bbc 100644
> > > > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > > @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
> > > >       MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
> > > >       MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
> > > >       MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
> > > > -     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> > > > +     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name[@alias_filename]] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> > > >       MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
> > > >       MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
> > > >       MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
> > > > @@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ static void f2fs_show_info()
> > > >
> > > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION)
> > > >               MSG(0, "Info: Enable Compression\n");
> > > > +
> > > > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS)
> > > > +             MSG(0, "Info: Enable device aliasing\n");
> > > >  }
> > > >
> > > >  #if defined(ANDROID_TARGET) && defined(HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H)
> > > > @@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> > > >       int32_t option=0;
> > > >       int val;
> > > >       char *token;
> > > > +     int dev_num;
> > > >
> > > >       while ((option = getopt_long(argc,argv,option_string,long_opts,NULL)) != EOF) {
> > > >               switch (option) {
> > > > @@ -200,17 +204,35 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> > > >                       }
> > > >                       break;
> > > >               case 'c':
> > > > -                     if (c.ndevs >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> > > > +                     dev_num = c.ndevs;
> > > > +
> > > > +                     if (dev_num >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> > > >                               MSG(0, "Error: Too many devices\n");
> > > >                               mkfs_usage();
> > > >                       }
> > > >
> > > > -                     if (strlen(optarg) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > > > +                     token = strtok(optarg, "@");
> > > > +                     if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > > >                               MSG(0, "Error: device path should be less than "
> > > >                                       "%d characters\n", MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > > >                               mkfs_usage();
> > > >                       }
> > > > -                     c.devices[c.ndevs++].path = strdup(optarg);
> > > > +                     c.devices[dev_num].path = strdup(token);
> > > > +                     token = strtok(NULL, "");
> > > > +                     if (token) {
> > > > +                             if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > > > +                                     MSG(0, "Error: alias_filename should "
> > > > +                                             "be less than %d characters\n",
> > > > +                                             MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > > > +                                     mkfs_usage();
> > > > +                             }
> > > > +                             c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename =
> > > > +                                     strdup(token);
> > > > +                             if (!c.aliased_devices)
> > > > +                                     c.feature |= F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS;
> > > > +                             c.aliased_devices++;
> > > > +                     }
> > > > +                     c.ndevs++;
> > > >                       break;
> > > >               case 'd':
> > > >                       c.dbg_lv = atoi(optarg);
> > > > --
> > > > 2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog
> > > >


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Re: [PATCH 2/2] mkfs.f2fs: add device aliasing feature

[Daeho Jeong]

On Mon, Sep 16, 2024 at 10:10 AM Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> On 09/16, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> > On Fri, Sep 13, 2024 at 3:27 PM Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> wrote:
> > >
> > > On 09/13, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> > > > From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> > > >
> > > > We can add a device aliasing file which can map the whole device with an
> > > > extent, not using node blocks. This mapped area should be pinned and
> > > > normally used for read-only usages. After finished using it, we can
> > > > deallocate the whole area and return it back to use it for other files.
> > > >
> > > > Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> > > > ---
> > > >  fsck/dump.c             |  13 ++
> > > >  fsck/fsck.c             |  49 ++++--
> > > >  fsck/fsck.h             |   4 +-
> > > >  fsck/main.c             |   5 +
> > > >  include/f2fs_fs.h       |  11 ++
> > > >  mkfs/f2fs_format.c      | 335 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
> > > >  mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c |  30 +++-
> > > >  7 files changed, 363 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
> > > >
> > > > diff --git a/fsck/dump.c b/fsck/dump.c
> > > > index 8d5613e..aa9b5d3 100644
> > > > --- a/fsck/dump.c
> > > > +++ b/fsck/dump.c
> > > > @@ -499,6 +499,19 @@ static int dump_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > >       c.show_file_map_max_offset = f2fs_max_file_offset(&node_blk->i);
> > > > +
> > > > +     if (IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i)) {
> > > > +             u32 blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.blk_addr);
> > > > +             u32 len = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_ext.len);
> > > > +             u32 idx;
> > > > +
> > > > +             for (idx = 0; idx < len; idx++)
> > > > +                     dump_data_blk(sbi, idx * F2FS_BLKSIZE, blkaddr++, false);
> > > > +             print_extent(true);
> > > > +
> > > > +             goto dump_xattr;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > >       addr_per_block = ADDRS_PER_BLOCK(&node_blk->i);
> > > >
> > > >       /* check data blocks in inode */
> > > > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.c b/fsck/fsck.c
> > > > index f8607fd..6feb294 100644
> > > > --- a/fsck/fsck.c
> > > > +++ b/fsck/fsck.c
> > > > @@ -914,6 +914,7 @@ void fsck_chk_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> > > >       int need_fix = 0;
> > > >       int ret;
> > > >       u32 cluster_size = 1 << node_blk->i.i_log_cluster_size;
> > > > +     bool is_aliasing = IS_ALIASING(&node_blk->i);
> > > >
> > > >       if (!compressed)
> > > >               goto check_next;
> > > > @@ -1146,6 +1147,33 @@ check_next:
> > > >                               addrs_per_blk * NIDS_PER_BLOCK *
> > > >                               NIDS_PER_BLOCK) * F2FS_BLKSIZE;
> > > >       }
> > > > +
> > > > +     if (is_aliasing) {
> > > > +             struct extent_info ei;
> > > > +
> > > > +             get_extent_info(&ei, &node_blk->i.i_ext);
> > > > +             for (idx = 0; idx < ei.len; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> > > > +                     block_t blkaddr = ei.blk + idx;
> > > > +
> > > > +                     /* check extent info */
> > > > +                     check_extent_info(&child, blkaddr, 0);
> > > > +                     ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, &node_blk->i, blkaddr,
> > > > +                             &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt), ftype, nid,
> > > > +                             idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> > > > +                     if (!ret) {
> > > > +                             *blk_cnt = *blk_cnt + 1;
> > > > +                             if (cur_qtype != -1)
> > > > +                                     qf_last_blkofs[cur_qtype] = child.pgofs;
> > > > +                     } else if (c.fix_on) {
> > > > +                             node_blk->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(idx);
> > > > +                             need_fix = 1;
> > > > +                             break;
> > > > +                     }
> > > > +             }
> > > > +
> > > > +             goto check;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > >       for (idx = 0; idx < addrs; idx++, child.pgofs++) {
> > > >               block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]);
> > > >
> > > > @@ -1178,11 +1206,11 @@ check_next:
> > > >                               child.pgofs - cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> > > >                       cbc->cnt++;
> > > >               ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi,
> > > > -                             IS_CASEFOLDED(&node_blk->i),
> > > > +                             &node_blk->i,
> > > >                               blkaddr,
> > > >                               &child, (i_blocks == *blk_cnt),
> > > >                               ftype, nid, idx, ni->version,
> > > > -                             file_is_encrypt(&node_blk->i), node_blk);
> > > > +                             node_blk);
> > > >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs + idx]))
> > > >                       need_fix = 1;
> > > >               if (!ret) {
> > > > @@ -1376,7 +1404,7 @@ skip_blkcnt_fix:
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > >       /* drop extent information to avoid potential wrong access */
> > > > -     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable())
> > > > +     if (need_fix && f2fs_dev_is_writable() && !is_aliasing)
> > > >               node_blk->i.i_ext.len = 0;
> > > >
> > > >       if ((c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_INODE_CHKSUM) &&
> > > > @@ -1448,11 +1476,9 @@ int fsck_chk_dnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> > > >               if (!compr_rel && blkaddr == NEW_ADDR && child->pgofs -
> > > >                               cbc->cheader_pgofs < cluster_size)
> > > >                       cbc->cnt++;
> > > > -             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, IS_CASEFOLDED(inode),
> > > > -                     blkaddr, child,
> > > > +             ret = fsck_chk_data_blk(sbi, inode, blkaddr, child,
> > > >                       le64_to_cpu(inode->i_blocks) == *blk_cnt, ftype,
> > > > -                     nid, idx, ni->version,
> > > > -                     file_is_encrypt(inode), node_blk);
> > > > +                     nid, idx, ni->version, node_blk);
> > > >               if (blkaddr != le32_to_cpu(node_blk->dn.addr[idx]))
> > > >                       need_fix = 1;
> > > >               if (!ret) {
> > > > @@ -2056,12 +2082,15 @@ int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded, u32 blk_addr,
> > > >       return 0;
> > > >  }
> > > >
> > > > -int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> > > > +int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> > > >               u32 blk_addr, struct child_info *child, int last_blk,
> > > >               enum FILE_TYPE ftype, u32 parent_nid, u16 idx_in_node, u8 ver,
> > > > -             int enc_name, struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> > > > +             struct f2fs_node *node_blk)
> > > >  {
> > > >       struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
> > > > +     int casefolded = IS_CASEFOLDED(inode);
> > > > +     int enc_name = file_is_encrypt(inode);
> > > > +     int aliasing = IS_ALIASING(inode);
> > > >
> > > >       /* Is it reserved block? */
> > > >       if (blk_addr == NEW_ADDR) {
> > > > @@ -2074,7 +2103,7 @@ int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> > > >               return -EINVAL;
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > -     if (is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> > > > +     if (!aliasing && is_valid_ssa_data_blk(sbi, blk_addr, parent_nid,
> > > >                                               idx_in_node, ver)) {
> > > >               ASSERT_MSG("summary data block is not valid. [0x%x]",
> > > >                                               parent_nid);
> > > > diff --git a/fsck/fsck.h b/fsck/fsck.h
> > > > index 6cac926..d306c22 100644
> > > > --- a/fsck/fsck.h
> > > > +++ b/fsck/fsck.h
> > > > @@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ extern int fsck_chk_idnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > > >  extern int fsck_chk_didnode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > > >               enum FILE_TYPE, struct f2fs_node *, u32 *,
> > > >               struct f2fs_compr_blk_cnt *, struct child_info *);
> > > > -extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> > > > +extern int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_inode *,
> > > >               u32, struct child_info *, int, enum FILE_TYPE, u32, u16, u8,
> > > > -             int, struct f2fs_node *);
> > > > +             struct f2fs_node *);
> > > >  extern int fsck_chk_dentry_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *, int,
> > > >               u32, struct child_info *, int, int, struct f2fs_node *);
> > > >  int fsck_chk_inline_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *, struct f2fs_node *,
> > > > diff --git a/fsck/main.c b/fsck/main.c
> > > > index c13e287..c4f6167 100644
> > > > --- a/fsck/main.c
> > > > +++ b/fsck/main.c
> > > > @@ -976,6 +976,11 @@ static int do_defrag(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> > > >               return -1;
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > +     if (get_sb(feature) & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS) {
> > > > +             MSG(0, "Not support on image with device aliasing feature.\n");
> > > > +             return -1;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > >       if (c.defrag_start > get_sb(block_count))
> > > >               goto out_range;
> > > >       if (c.defrag_start < SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr)
> > > > diff --git a/include/f2fs_fs.h b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > > index fdbc25b..108fde3 100644
> > > > --- a/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > > +++ b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> > > > @@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ struct device_info {
> > > >       uint64_t start_blkaddr;
> > > >       uint64_t end_blkaddr;
> > > >       uint32_t total_segments;
> > > > +     char *alias_filename;
> > > >
> > > >       /* to handle zone block devices */
> > > >       int zoned_model;
> > > > @@ -661,7 +662,13 @@ enum {
> > > >   */
> > > >  #define F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL            0x00000010 /* Immutable file */
> > > >  #define F2FS_NOATIME_FL                      0x00000080 /* do not update atime */
> > > > +#define F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL         0x80000000 /* File for aliasing a device */
> > > > +#define IS_ALIASING(fi)     ((fi)->i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL))
> > >
> > > Could you please rebase on the latest f2fs-tools? I got merge conflict around
> > > here.
> >
> > Let me rebase it.
> >
> > >
> > > >
> > > > +/*
> > > > + * On-disk file inline flags (f2fs_inode::i_inline)
> > > > + */
> > > > +#define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */
> > >
> > > Do we need the above define?
> >
> > We need this to set F2FS_PIN_FILE to device aliasing files.
>
> The definition already exists in:
>
>  964 #define F2FS_PIN_FILE           0x40    /* file should not be gced */

Oh, you're right.

Thanks,

>
> >
> > >
> > > >
> > > >  #define F2FS_ENC_UTF8_12_1   1
> > > >  #define F2FS_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL      (1 << 0)
> > > > @@ -694,6 +701,7 @@ enum {
> > > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD                0x1000
> > > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION     0x2000
> > > >  #define F2FS_FEATURE_RO                      0x4000
> > > > +#define F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS    0x8000
> > > >
> > > >  #define MAX_NR_FEATURE                       32
> > > >
> > > > @@ -1515,11 +1523,14 @@ struct f2fs_configuration {
> > > >       time_t fixed_time;
> > > >       int roll_forward;
> > > >       bool need_fsync;
> > > > +     int aliased_devices;
> > > > +     uint32_t aliased_segments;
> > > >
> > > >       /* mkfs parameters */
> > > >       int fake_seed;
> > > >       uint32_t next_free_nid;
> > > >       uint32_t lpf_ino;
> > > > +     uint32_t first_alias_ino;
> > > >       uint32_t root_uid;
> > > >       uint32_t root_gid;
> > > >       uint32_t blksize;
> > > > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > > index db1bc89..077f620 100644
> > > > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format.c
> > > > @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
> > > >  #include <unistd.h>
> > > >  #include <f2fs_fs.h>
> > > >  #include <assert.h>
> > > > +#include <stdbool.h>
> > > >
> > > >  #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
> > > >  #include <sys/stat.h>
> > > > @@ -39,10 +40,62 @@ struct f2fs_super_block raw_sb;
> > > >  struct f2fs_super_block *sb = &raw_sb;
> > > >  struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp;
> > > >
> > > > +static inline bool device_is_aliased(unsigned int dev_num)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     if (dev_num >= c.ndevs)
> > > > +             return false;
> > > > +     return c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename != NULL;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static inline unsigned int target_device_index(uint64_t blkaddr)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     int i;
> > > > +
> > > > +     for (i = 0; i < c.ndevs; i++)
> > > > +             if (c.devices[i].start_blkaddr <= blkaddr &&
> > > > +                             c.devices[i].end_blkaddr >= blkaddr)
> > > > +                     return i;
> > > > +     return 0;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +#define GET_SEGNO(blk_addr) ((blk_addr - get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / \
> > > > +                             c.blks_per_seg)
> > > > +#define START_BLOCK(segno) (segno * c.blks_per_seg + get_sb(main_blkaddr))
> > > > +
> > > >  /* Return first segment number of each area */
> > > > -#define prev_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] - c.segs_per_zone)
> > > > -#define next_zone(cur)               (c.cur_seg[cur] + c.segs_per_zone)
> > > > -#define last_zone(cur)               ((cur - 1) * c.segs_per_zone)
> > > > +static inline uint32_t next_zone(int seg_type)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     uint32_t next_seg = c.cur_seg[seg_type] + c.segs_per_zone;
> > > > +     uint64_t next_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(next_seg);
> > > > +     int dev_num;
> > > > +
> > > > +     dev_num = target_device_index(next_blkaddr);
> > > > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > > +             return GET_SEGNO(next_blkaddr);
> > > > +
> > > > +     while (dev_num < c.ndevs && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > > +             dev_num++;
> > > > +
> > > > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num - 1].end_blkaddr + 1);
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static inline uint32_t last_zone(uint32_t total_zone)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     uint32_t last_seg = (total_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_zone;
> > > > +     uint64_t last_blkaddr = START_BLOCK(last_seg);
> > > > +     int dev_num;
> > > > +
> > > > +     dev_num = target_device_index(last_blkaddr);
> > > > +     if (!device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > > +             return GET_SEGNO(last_blkaddr);
> > > > +
> > > > +     while (dev_num > 0 && device_is_aliased(dev_num))
> > > > +             dev_num--;
> > > > +
> > > > +     return GET_SEGNO(c.devices[dev_num + 1].start_blkaddr) -
> > > > +             c.segs_per_zone;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > >  #define last_section(cur)    (cur + (c.secs_per_zone - 1) * c.segs_per_sec)
> > > >
> > > >  /* Return time fixed by the user or current time by default */
> > > > @@ -220,7 +273,7 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > > >       uint64_t total_meta_zones, total_meta_segments;
> > > >       uint32_t sit_bitmap_size, max_sit_bitmap_size;
> > > >       uint32_t max_nat_bitmap_size, max_nat_segments;
> > > > -     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones;
> > > > +     uint32_t total_zones, avail_zones = 0;
> > > >       enum quota_type qtype;
> > > >       int i;
> > > >
> > > > @@ -314,6 +367,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > > >                       c.devices[i].end_blkaddr = c.devices[i].start_blkaddr +
> > > >                                       c.devices[i].total_segments *
> > > >                                       c.blks_per_seg - 1;
> > > > +                     if (device_is_aliased(i)) {
> > > > +                             if (c.devices[i].zoned_model ==
> > > > +                                             F2FS_ZONED_HM) {
> > > > +                                     MSG(1, "\tError: do not support "
> > > > +                                     "device aliasing for device[%d]\n", i);
> > > > +                                     return -1;
> > > > +                             }
> > > > +                             c.aliased_segments +=
> > > > +                                     c.devices[i].total_segments;
> > > > +                     }
> > > >               }
> > > >               if (c.ndevs > 1) {
> > > >                       memcpy(sb->devs[i].path, c.devices[i].path, MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > > > @@ -531,10 +594,16 @@ static int f2fs_prepare_super_block(void)
> > > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_LOST_FOUND)
> > > >               c.lpf_ino = c.next_free_nid++;
> > > >
> > > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > > +             c.first_alias_ino = c.next_free_nid;
> > > > +             c.next_free_nid += c.aliased_devices;
> > > > +             avail_zones += c.aliased_segments / c.segs_per_zone;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > > > -             avail_zones = 2;
> > > > +             avail_zones += 2;
> > > >       else
> > > > -             avail_zones = 6;
> > > > +             avail_zones += 6;
> > > >
> > > >       if (total_zones <= avail_zones) {
> > > >               MSG(1, "\tError: %d zones: Need more zones "
> > > > @@ -701,6 +770,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > > >       char *sum_compact, *sum_compact_p;
> > > >       struct f2fs_summary *sum_entry;
> > > >       unsigned short vblocks;
> > > > +     uint32_t used_segments = c.aliased_segments;
> > > >       int ret = -1;
> > > >
> > > >       cp = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > > @@ -752,9 +822,14 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > >       set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > > +     set_cp(cur_node_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > > >       set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[0], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > > > +     set_cp(cur_data_blkoff[2], c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA]);
> > > >       set_cp(valid_block_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > > -                                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
> > > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_DATA] +
> > > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE] +
> > > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_DATA] +
> > > > +                     c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg);
> > > >       set_cp(rsvd_segment_count, c.reserved_segments);
> > > >
> > > >       /*
> > > > @@ -802,15 +877,16 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > > >                                       c.reserved_segments);
> > > >
> > > >       /* main segments - reserved segments - (node + data segments) */
> > > > -     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO) {
> > > > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 2);
> > > > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 2 -
> > > > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > > > -     } else {
> > > > -             set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) - 6);
> > > > -             set_cp(user_block_count, ((get_cp(free_segment_count) + 6 -
> > > > -                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg));
> > > > -     }
> > > > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> > > > +             used_segments += 2;
> > > > +     else
> > > > +             used_segments += 6;
> > > > +
> > > > +     set_cp(user_block_count, (f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > > > +                     get_cp(overprov_segment_count)) * c.blks_per_seg);
> > > > +     set_cp(free_segment_count, f2fs_get_usable_segments(sb) -
> > > > +                     used_segments);
> > > > +
> > > >       /* cp page (2), data summaries (1), node summaries (3) */
> > > >       set_cp(cp_pack_total_block_count, 6 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> > > >       flags = CP_UMOUNT_FLAG | CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG;
> > > > @@ -826,8 +902,10 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > > >
> > > >       set_cp(ckpt_flags, flags);
> > > >       set_cp(cp_pack_start_sum, 1 + get_sb(cp_payload));
> > > > -     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > > -     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
> > > > +     set_cp(valid_node_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > > > +     set_cp(valid_inode_count, c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_HOT_NODE] +
> > > > +                     c.curseg_offset[CURSEG_COLD_NODE]);
> > > >       set_cp(next_free_nid, c.next_free_nid);
> > > >       set_cp(sit_ver_bitmap_bytesize, ((get_sb(segment_count_sit) / 2) <<
> > > >                       get_sb(log_blocks_per_seg)) / 8);
> > > > @@ -975,9 +1053,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_check_point_pack(void)
> > > >               goto free_cp_payload;
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > -     /* Fill segment summary for COLD_NODE to zero. */
> > > > +     /* Prepare and write Segment summary for COLD_NODE */
> > > >       memset(sum, 0, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> > > >       SET_SUM_TYPE(sum, SUM_TYPE_NODE);
> > > > +     memcpy(sum->entries, c.sum[CURSEG_COLD_NODE],
> > > > +                     sizeof(struct f2fs_summary) * MAX_CACHE_SUMS);
> > > > +
> > > >       cp_seg_blk++;
> > > >       DBG(1, "\tWriting Segment summary for COLD_NODE, at offset 0x%08"PRIx64"\n",
> > > >                       cp_seg_blk);
> > > > @@ -1210,10 +1291,40 @@ void update_summary_entry(int curseg_type, nid_t nid,
> > > >       sum->ofs_in_node = cpu_to_le16(ofs_in_node);
> > > >  }
> > > >
> > > > +static void add_dentry(struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk, unsigned int *didx,
> > > > +             const char *name, uint32_t ino, u8 type)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     int len = strlen(name);
> > > > +     f2fs_hash_t hash;
> > > > +
> > > > +     if (name[0] == '.' && (len == 1 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.')))
> > > > +             hash = 0;
> > > > +     else
> > > > +             hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)name, len);
> > > > +
> > > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).ino = cpu_to_le32(ino);
> > > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > > > +     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, *didx).file_type = type;
> > > > +
> > > > +     while (len > F2FS_SLOT_LEN) {
> > > > +             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name,
> > > > +                             F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > > +             test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > +             len -= (int)F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > > > +             name += F2FS_SLOT_LEN;
> > > > +             (*didx)++;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, *didx), name, len);
> > > > +     test_and_set_bit_le(*didx, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > +     (*didx)++;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > >  static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> > > >  {
> > > >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk = NULL;
> > > >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > > > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> > > >
> > > >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > >       if(dent_blk == NULL) {
> > > > @@ -1221,37 +1332,26 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_root(void)
> > > >               return 0;
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".",
> > > > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..",
> > > > +                     le32_to_cpu(sb->root_ino), F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > >
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > > > -
> > > > -     /* bitmap for . and .. */
> > > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > -
> > > > -     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > > > -             int len = strlen(LPF);
> > > > -             f2fs_hash_t hash = f2fs_dentry_hash(0, 0, (unsigned char *)LPF, len);
> > > > +     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > > +             add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, LPF, c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > >
> > > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).hash_code = cpu_to_le32(hash);
> > > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).name_len = cpu_to_le16(len);
> > > > -             F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 2).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 2), LPF, F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > > +             int i, dev_off = 0;
> > > >
> > > > -             memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 3), &LPF[F2FS_SLOT_LEN],
> > > > -                             len - F2FS_SLOT_LEN);
> > > > +             for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > > > +                     if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > > > +                             continue;
> > > >
> > > > -             test_and_set_bit_le(2, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > -             test_and_set_bit_le(3, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > +                     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, c.devices[i].alias_filename,
> > > > +                                     c.first_alias_ino + dev_off,
> > > > +                                     F2FS_FT_REG_FILE);
> > > > +                     dev_off++;
> > > > +             }
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> > > > @@ -1324,6 +1424,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> > > >       struct v2_disk_dqinfo ddqinfo;
> > > >       struct v2r1_disk_dqblk dqblk;
> > > >       block_t blkaddr;
> > > > +     uint64_t icnt = 1, bcnt = 1;
> > > >       int i;
> > > >
> > > >       if (filebuf == NULL) {
> > > > @@ -1359,16 +1460,18 @@ static int f2fs_write_default_quota(int qtype, __le32 raw_id)
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_pad = cpu_to_le32(0);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_ihardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_isoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(2);
> > > > -     else
> > > > -             dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(1);
> > > > +     if (c.lpf_ino) {
> > > > +             icnt++;
> > > > +             bcnt++;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > > +             icnt += c.aliased_devices;
> > > > +             bcnt += c.aliased_segments * c.blks_per_seg;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +     dqblk.dqb_curinodes = cpu_to_le64(icnt);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_bhardlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_bsoftlimit = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > > -     if (c.lpf_ino)
> > > > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * 2);
> > > > -     else
> > > > -             dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> > > > +     dqblk.dqb_curspace = cpu_to_le64(F2FS_BLKSIZE * bcnt);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_btime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > >       dqblk.dqb_itime = cpu_to_le64(0);
> > > >
> > > > @@ -1491,6 +1594,7 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> > > >  {
> > > >       struct f2fs_dentry_block *dent_blk;
> > > >       block_t data_blkaddr;
> > > > +     unsigned int didx = 0;
> > > >
> > > >       dent_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > >       if (dent_blk == NULL) {
> > > > @@ -1498,20 +1602,8 @@ static block_t f2fs_add_default_dentry_lpf(void)
> > > >               return 0;
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).hash_code = 0;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).ino = cpu_to_le32(c.lpf_ino);
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).name_len = cpu_to_le16(1);
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 0).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 0), ".", 1);
> > > > -
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).hash_code = 0;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).ino = sb->root_ino;
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).name_len = cpu_to_le16(2);
> > > > -     F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_DENTRY(dent_blk, 1).file_type = F2FS_FT_DIR;
> > > > -     memcpy(F2FS_DENTRY_BLOCK_FILENAME(dent_blk, 1), "..", 2);
> > > > -
> > > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(0, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > -     test_and_set_bit_le(1, dent_blk->dentry_bitmap);
> > > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, ".", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > > +     add_dentry(dent_blk, &didx, "..", c.lpf_ino, F2FS_FT_DIR);
> > > >
> > > >       data_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
> > > >
> > > > @@ -1579,6 +1671,104 @@ exit:
> > > >       return err;
> > > >  }
> > > >
> > > > +static void allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(struct f2fs_node *raw_node,
> > > > +             unsigned int dev_num)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     uint32_t start_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr -
> > > > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr)) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > > > +     uint32_t end_segno = (c.devices[dev_num].end_blkaddr -
> > > > +                     get_sb(main_blkaddr) + 1) / c.blks_per_seg;
> > > > +     uint32_t segno;
> > > > +     uint64_t blkcnt;
> > > > +     struct f2fs_sit_block *sit_blk = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > > +
> > > > +     ASSERT(sit_blk);
> > > > +
> > > > +     for (segno = start_segno; segno < end_segno; segno++) {
> > > > +             struct f2fs_sit_entry *sit;
> > > > +             uint64_t sit_blk_addr = get_sb(sit_blkaddr) +
> > > > +                     (segno / SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
> > > > +
> > > > +             ASSERT(dev_read_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > > > +             sit = &sit_blk->entries[segno % SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK];
> > > > +             memset(&sit->valid_map, 0xFF, SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE);
> > > > +             sit->vblocks = cpu_to_le16((CURSEG_COLD_DATA <<
> > > > +                                     SIT_VBLOCKS_SHIFT) | c.blks_per_seg);
> > > > +             sit->mtime = cpu_to_le64(mkfs_time);
> > > > +             ASSERT(dev_write_block(sit_blk, sit_blk_addr) >= 0);
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > > +     blkcnt = (end_segno - start_segno) * c.blks_per_seg;
> > > > +     raw_node->i.i_size = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt << get_sb(log_blocksize));
> > > > +     raw_node->i.i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(blkcnt + 1);
> > > > +
> > > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.fofs = cpu_to_le32(0);
> > > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.blk_addr =
> > > > +             cpu_to_le32(c.devices[dev_num].start_blkaddr);
> > > > +     raw_node->i.i_ext.len = cpu_to_le32(blkcnt);
> > > > +
> > > > +     free(sit_blk);
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static int f2fs_write_alias_inodes(void)
> > > > +{
> > > > +     struct f2fs_node *raw_node;
> > > > +     block_t node_blkaddr;
> > > > +     int err = 0;
> > > > +     unsigned int i, dev_off = 0;
> > > > +
> > > > +     ASSERT(c.aliased_devices);
> > > > +
> > > > +     raw_node = calloc(F2FS_BLKSIZE, 1);
> > > > +     if (raw_node == NULL) {
> > > > +             MSG(1, "\tError: Calloc Failed for raw_node!!!\n");
> > > > +             return -1;
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > > +     for (i = 1; i < c.ndevs; i++) {
> > > > +             const char *filename;
> > > > +             nid_t ino;
> > > > +
> > > > +             if (!device_is_aliased(i))
> > > > +                     continue;
> > > > +
> > > > +             ino = c.first_alias_ino + dev_off;
> > > > +             dev_off++;
> > > > +             f2fs_init_inode(sb, raw_node, ino, mkfs_time, 0x81c0);
> > > > +
> > > > +             raw_node->i.i_flags = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_IMMUTABLE_FL |
> > > > +                             F2FS_DEVICE_ALIAS_FL);
> > > > +             raw_node->i.i_inline = F2FS_PIN_FILE;
> > > > +             raw_node->i.i_pino = sb->root_ino;
> > > > +             filename = c.devices[i].alias_filename;
> > > > +             raw_node->i.i_namelen = cpu_to_le32(strlen(filename));
> > > > +             memcpy(raw_node->i.i_name, filename, strlen(filename));
> > > > +
> > > > +             node_blkaddr = alloc_next_free_block(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > > > +             F2FS_NODE_FOOTER(raw_node)->next_blkaddr =
> > > > +                     cpu_to_le32(node_blkaddr + 1);
> > > > +
> > > > +             allocate_blocks_for_aliased_device(raw_node, i);
> > > > +
> > > > +             DBG(1, "\tWriting aliased device inode (cold node), "
> > > > +                             "offset 0x%x\n", node_blkaddr);
> > > > +             if (write_inode(raw_node, node_blkaddr) < 0) {
> > > > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: While writing the raw_node to "
> > > > +                                     "disk!!!\n");
> > > > +                     err = -1;
> > > > +                     goto exit;
> > > > +             }
> > > > +
> > > > +             update_nat_journal(ino, node_blkaddr);
> > > > +             update_sit_journal(CURSEG_COLD_NODE);
> > > > +             update_summary_entry(CURSEG_COLD_NODE, ino, 0);
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > > +exit:
> > > > +     free(raw_node);
> > > > +     return err;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > >  static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> > > >  {
> > > >       enum quota_type qtype;
> > > > @@ -1608,6 +1798,15 @@ static int f2fs_create_root_dir(void)
> > > >               }
> > > >       }
> > > >
> > > > +     if (c.aliased_devices) {
> > > > +             err = f2fs_write_alias_inodes();
> > > > +             if (err < 0) {
> > > > +                     MSG(1, "\tError: Failed to write aliased device "
> > > > +                             "inodes!!!\n");
> > > > +                     goto exit;
> > > > +             }
> > > > +     }
> > > > +
> > > >  #ifndef WITH_ANDROID
> > > >       err = f2fs_discard_obsolete_dnode();
> > > >       if (err < 0) {
> > > > diff --git a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > > index 2ba1c21..b113bbc 100644
> > > > --- a/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > > +++ b/mkfs/f2fs_format_main.c
> > > > @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static void mkfs_usage()
> > > >       MSG(0, "\nUsage: mkfs.f2fs [options] device [sectors]\n");
> > > >       MSG(0, "[options]:\n");
> > > >       MSG(0, "  -b filesystem block size [default:4096]\n");
> > > > -     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> > > > +     MSG(0, "  -c [device_name[@alias_filename]] up to 7 additional devices, except meta device\n");
> > > >       MSG(0, "  -d debug level [default:0]\n");
> > > >       MSG(0, "  -e [cold file ext list] e.g. \"mp3,gif,mov\"\n");
> > > >       MSG(0, "  -E [hot file ext list] e.g. \"db\"\n");
> > > > @@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ static void f2fs_show_info()
> > > >
> > > >       if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_COMPRESSION)
> > > >               MSG(0, "Info: Enable Compression\n");
> > > > +
> > > > +     if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS)
> > > > +             MSG(0, "Info: Enable device aliasing\n");
> > > >  }
> > > >
> > > >  #if defined(ANDROID_TARGET) && defined(HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H)
> > > > @@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> > > >       int32_t option=0;
> > > >       int val;
> > > >       char *token;
> > > > +     int dev_num;
> > > >
> > > >       while ((option = getopt_long(argc,argv,option_string,long_opts,NULL)) != EOF) {
> > > >               switch (option) {
> > > > @@ -200,17 +204,35 @@ static void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> > > >                       }
> > > >                       break;
> > > >               case 'c':
> > > > -                     if (c.ndevs >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> > > > +                     dev_num = c.ndevs;
> > > > +
> > > > +                     if (dev_num >= MAX_DEVICES) {
> > > >                               MSG(0, "Error: Too many devices\n");
> > > >                               mkfs_usage();
> > > >                       }
> > > >
> > > > -                     if (strlen(optarg) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > > > +                     token = strtok(optarg, "@");
> > > > +                     if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > > >                               MSG(0, "Error: device path should be less than "
> > > >                                       "%d characters\n", MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > > >                               mkfs_usage();
> > > >                       }
> > > > -                     c.devices[c.ndevs++].path = strdup(optarg);
> > > > +                     c.devices[dev_num].path = strdup(token);
> > > > +                     token = strtok(NULL, "");
> > > > +                     if (token) {
> > > > +                             if (strlen(token) > MAX_PATH_LEN) {
> > > > +                                     MSG(0, "Error: alias_filename should "
> > > > +                                             "be less than %d characters\n",
> > > > +                                             MAX_PATH_LEN);
> > > > +                                     mkfs_usage();
> > > > +                             }
> > > > +                             c.devices[dev_num].alias_filename =
> > > > +                                     strdup(token);
> > > > +                             if (!c.aliased_devices)
> > > > +                                     c.feature |= F2FS_FEATURE_DEVICE_ALIAS;
> > > > +                             c.aliased_devices++;
> > > > +                     }
> > > > +                     c.ndevs++;
> > > >                       break;
> > > >               case 'd':
> > > >                       c.dbg_lv = atoi(optarg);
> > > > --
> > > > 2.46.0.662.g92d0881bb0-goog
> > > >