From: "Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)" <ljs@kernel.org>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org>,
"Liam R . Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>,
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org>, Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>,
Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de>, Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>,
Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>,
Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>,
linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org>,
Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>, Brian Cain <bcain@kernel.org>,
Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>,
WANG Xuerui <kernel@xen0n.name>,
Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org>,
Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>,
Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>,
Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>,
Christophe Leroy <chleroy@kernel.org>,
Paul Walmsley <pjw@kernel.org>,
Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>,
Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>,
Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>,
Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>,
Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>,
Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>,
Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>,
Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>,
Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
x86@kernel.org, "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>,
Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>,
Anton Ivanov <anton.ivanov@cambridgegreys.com>,
Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>,
Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>,
Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>, Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>,
Xu Xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn>,
Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev>,
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>, Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>,
Stephen Smalley <stephen.smalley.work@gmail.com>,
Ondrej Mosnacek <omosnace@redhat.com>,
linux-snps-arc@lists.infradead.org,
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org,
linux-hexagon@vger.kernel.org, loongarch@lists.linux.dev,
linux-mips@vger.kernel.org, linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org,
linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org, linux-s390@vger.kernel.org,
linux-um@lists.infradead.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org,
selinux@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH v4 15/25] mm: introduce vma_flags_count() and vma[_flags]_test_single_mask()
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 19:38:32 +0000 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <cd778dd02b9f2a01eb54d25a49dea8ec2ddf7753.1774034900.git.ljs@kernel.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <cover.1774034900.git.ljs@kernel.org>
vma_flags_count() determines how many bits are set in VMA flags, using
bitmap_weight().
vma_flags_test_single_mask() determines if a vma_flags_t set of flags
contains a single flag specified as another vma_flags_t value, or if the
sought flag mask is empty, it is defined to return false.
This is useful when we want to declare a VMA flag as optionally a single
flag in a mask or empty depending on kernel configuration.
This allows us to have VM_NONE-like semantics when checking whether the
flag is set.
In a subsequent patch, we introduce the use of VMA_DROPPABLE of type
vma_flags_t using precisely these semantics.
It would be actively confusing to use vma_flags_test_any_single_mask() for
this (and vma_flags_test_all_mask() is not correct to use here, as it
trivially returns true when tested against an empty vma flags mask).
We introduce vma_flags_count() to be able to assert that the compared flag
mask is singular or empty, checked when CONFIG_DEBUG_VM is enabled.
Also update the VMA tests as part of this change.
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org>
---
include/linux/mm.h | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h | 6 ----
tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h | 21 ++++++++++++++
tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h | 6 ++++
4 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 47bf9f166924..324b6e8a66fa 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -1083,6 +1083,14 @@ static __always_inline vma_flags_t __mk_vma_flags(vma_flags_t flags,
#define append_vma_flags(flags, ...) __mk_vma_flags(flags, \
COUNT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__), (const vma_flag_t []){__VA_ARGS__})
+/* Calculates the number of set bits in the specified VMA flags. */
+static __always_inline int vma_flags_count(const vma_flags_t *flags)
+{
+ const unsigned long *bitmap = flags->__vma_flags;
+
+ return bitmap_weight(bitmap, NUM_VMA_FLAG_BITS);
+}
+
/*
* Test whether a specific VMA flag is set, e.g.:
*
@@ -1158,6 +1166,26 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_all_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
#define vma_flags_test_all(flags, ...) \
vma_flags_test_all_mask(flags, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+/*
+ * Helper to test that a flag mask of type vma_flags_t has a SINGLE flag set
+ * (returning false if flagmask has no flags set).
+ *
+ * This is defined to make the semantics clearer when testing an optionally
+ * defined VMA flags mask, e.g.:
+ *
+ * if (vma_flags_test_single_mask(&flags, VMA_DROPPABLE)) { ... }
+ *
+ * When VMA_DROPPABLE is defined if available, or set to EMPTY_VMA_FLAGS
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_single_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
+ vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vma_flags_count(&flagmask) > 1);
+
+ return vma_flags_test_any_mask(flags, flagmask);
+}
+
/* Set each of the to_set flags in flags, non-atomically. */
static __always_inline void vma_flags_set_mask(vma_flags_t *flags,
vma_flags_t to_set)
@@ -1286,6 +1314,24 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_test_all_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma,
#define vma_test_all(vma, ...) \
vma_test_all_mask(vma, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+/*
+ * Helper to test that a flag mask of type vma_flags_t has a SINGLE flag set
+ * (returning false if flagmask has no flags set).
+ *
+ * This is useful when a flag needs to be either defined or not depending upon
+ * kernel configuration, e.g.:
+ *
+ * if (vma_test_single_mask(vma, VMA_DROPPABLE)) { ... }
+ *
+ * When VMA_DROPPABLE is defined if available, or set to EMPTY_VMA_FLAGS
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+static __always_inline bool
+vma_test_single_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma, vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ return vma_flags_test_single_mask(&vma->flags, flagmask);
+}
+
/*
* Helper to set all VMA flags in a VMA.
*
diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h b/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h
index 2c498e713fbd..b7d9eb0a44e4 100644
--- a/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h
+++ b/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h
@@ -15,12 +15,6 @@ extern unsigned long dac_mmap_min_addr;
#define dac_mmap_min_addr 0UL
#endif
-#define VM_WARN_ON(_expr) (WARN_ON(_expr))
-#define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr) (WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr))
-#define VM_WARN_ON_VMG(_expr, _vmg) (WARN_ON(_expr))
-#define VM_BUG_ON(_expr) (BUG_ON(_expr))
-#define VM_BUG_ON_VMA(_expr, _vma) (BUG_ON(_expr))
-
#define TASK_SIZE ((1ul << 47)-PAGE_SIZE)
/*
diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h b/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h
index f9fe07a8a443..244ee02dc21d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h
+++ b/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h
@@ -905,6 +905,13 @@ static __always_inline vma_flags_t __mk_vma_flags(vma_flags_t flags,
#define append_vma_flags(flags, ...) __mk_vma_flags(flags, \
COUNT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__), (const vma_flag_t []){__VA_ARGS__})
+static __always_inline int vma_flags_count(const vma_flags_t *flags)
+{
+ const unsigned long *bitmap = flags->__vma_flags;
+
+ return bitmap_weight(bitmap, NUM_VMA_FLAG_BITS);
+}
+
static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test(const vma_flags_t *flags,
vma_flag_t bit)
{
@@ -952,6 +959,14 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_all_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
#define vma_flags_test_all(flags, ...) \
vma_flags_test_all_mask(flags, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_single_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
+ vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vma_flags_count(&flagmask) > 1);
+
+ return vma_flags_test_any_mask(flags, flagmask);
+}
+
static __always_inline void vma_flags_set_mask(vma_flags_t *flags, vma_flags_t to_set)
{
unsigned long *bitmap = flags->__vma_flags;
@@ -1031,6 +1046,12 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_test_all_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma,
#define vma_test_all(vma, ...) \
vma_test_all_mask(vma, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+static __always_inline bool
+vma_test_single_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma, vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ return vma_flags_test_single_mask(&vma->flags, flagmask);
+}
+
static __always_inline void vma_set_flags_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
vma_flags_t flags)
{
diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h b/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
index 0e1121e2ef23..e12ab2c80f95 100644
--- a/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
+++ b/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@ typedef unsigned long pgprotval_t;
typedef struct pgprot { pgprotval_t pgprot; } pgprot_t;
typedef __bitwise unsigned int vm_fault_t;
+#define VM_WARN_ON(_expr) (WARN_ON(_expr))
+#define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr) (WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr))
+#define VM_WARN_ON_VMG(_expr, _vmg) (WARN_ON(_expr))
+#define VM_BUG_ON(_expr) (BUG_ON(_expr))
+#define VM_BUG_ON_VMA(_expr, _vma) (BUG_ON(_expr))
+
#include "include/stubs.h"
#include "include/dup.h"
#include "include/custom.h"
--
2.53.0
WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: "Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)" <ljs@kernel.org>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org>,
"Liam R . Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>,
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org>, Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>,
Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de>, Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>,
Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>,
Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>,
linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org>,
Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>, Brian Cain <bcain@kernel.org>,
Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>,
WANG Xuerui <kernel@xen0n.name>,
Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org>,
Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>,
Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>,
Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>,
Christophe Leroy <chleroy@kernel.org>,
Paul Walmsley <pjw@kernel.org>,
Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>,
Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>,
Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>,
Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>,
Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>,
Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>,
Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>,
Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>,
Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
x86@kernel.org, "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>,
Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>,
Anton Ivanov <anton.ivanov@cambridgegreys.com>,
Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>,
Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>,
Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>, Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>,
Xu Xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn>,
Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev>,
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>, Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>,
Stephen Smalley <stephen.smalley.work@gmail.com>,
Ondrej Mosnacek <omosnace@redhat.com>,
linux-snps-arc@lists.infradead.org,
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org,
linux-hexagon@vger.kernel.org, loongarch@lists.linux.dev,
linux-mips@vger.kernel.org, linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org,
linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org, linux-s390@vger.kernel.org,
linux-um@lists.infradead.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org,
selinux@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH v4 15/25] mm: introduce vma_flags_count() and vma[_flags]_test_single_mask()
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 19:38:32 +0000 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <cd778dd02b9f2a01eb54d25a49dea8ec2ddf7753.1774034900.git.ljs@kernel.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <cover.1774034900.git.ljs@kernel.org>
vma_flags_count() determines how many bits are set in VMA flags, using
bitmap_weight().
vma_flags_test_single_mask() determines if a vma_flags_t set of flags
contains a single flag specified as another vma_flags_t value, or if the
sought flag mask is empty, it is defined to return false.
This is useful when we want to declare a VMA flag as optionally a single
flag in a mask or empty depending on kernel configuration.
This allows us to have VM_NONE-like semantics when checking whether the
flag is set.
In a subsequent patch, we introduce the use of VMA_DROPPABLE of type
vma_flags_t using precisely these semantics.
It would be actively confusing to use vma_flags_test_any_single_mask() for
this (and vma_flags_test_all_mask() is not correct to use here, as it
trivially returns true when tested against an empty vma flags mask).
We introduce vma_flags_count() to be able to assert that the compared flag
mask is singular or empty, checked when CONFIG_DEBUG_VM is enabled.
Also update the VMA tests as part of this change.
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org>
---
include/linux/mm.h | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h | 6 ----
tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h | 21 ++++++++++++++
tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h | 6 ++++
4 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 47bf9f166924..324b6e8a66fa 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -1083,6 +1083,14 @@ static __always_inline vma_flags_t __mk_vma_flags(vma_flags_t flags,
#define append_vma_flags(flags, ...) __mk_vma_flags(flags, \
COUNT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__), (const vma_flag_t []){__VA_ARGS__})
+/* Calculates the number of set bits in the specified VMA flags. */
+static __always_inline int vma_flags_count(const vma_flags_t *flags)
+{
+ const unsigned long *bitmap = flags->__vma_flags;
+
+ return bitmap_weight(bitmap, NUM_VMA_FLAG_BITS);
+}
+
/*
* Test whether a specific VMA flag is set, e.g.:
*
@@ -1158,6 +1166,26 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_all_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
#define vma_flags_test_all(flags, ...) \
vma_flags_test_all_mask(flags, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+/*
+ * Helper to test that a flag mask of type vma_flags_t has a SINGLE flag set
+ * (returning false if flagmask has no flags set).
+ *
+ * This is defined to make the semantics clearer when testing an optionally
+ * defined VMA flags mask, e.g.:
+ *
+ * if (vma_flags_test_single_mask(&flags, VMA_DROPPABLE)) { ... }
+ *
+ * When VMA_DROPPABLE is defined if available, or set to EMPTY_VMA_FLAGS
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_single_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
+ vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vma_flags_count(&flagmask) > 1);
+
+ return vma_flags_test_any_mask(flags, flagmask);
+}
+
/* Set each of the to_set flags in flags, non-atomically. */
static __always_inline void vma_flags_set_mask(vma_flags_t *flags,
vma_flags_t to_set)
@@ -1286,6 +1314,24 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_test_all_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma,
#define vma_test_all(vma, ...) \
vma_test_all_mask(vma, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+/*
+ * Helper to test that a flag mask of type vma_flags_t has a SINGLE flag set
+ * (returning false if flagmask has no flags set).
+ *
+ * This is useful when a flag needs to be either defined or not depending upon
+ * kernel configuration, e.g.:
+ *
+ * if (vma_test_single_mask(vma, VMA_DROPPABLE)) { ... }
+ *
+ * When VMA_DROPPABLE is defined if available, or set to EMPTY_VMA_FLAGS
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+static __always_inline bool
+vma_test_single_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma, vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ return vma_flags_test_single_mask(&vma->flags, flagmask);
+}
+
/*
* Helper to set all VMA flags in a VMA.
*
diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h b/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h
index 2c498e713fbd..b7d9eb0a44e4 100644
--- a/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h
+++ b/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h
@@ -15,12 +15,6 @@ extern unsigned long dac_mmap_min_addr;
#define dac_mmap_min_addr 0UL
#endif
-#define VM_WARN_ON(_expr) (WARN_ON(_expr))
-#define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr) (WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr))
-#define VM_WARN_ON_VMG(_expr, _vmg) (WARN_ON(_expr))
-#define VM_BUG_ON(_expr) (BUG_ON(_expr))
-#define VM_BUG_ON_VMA(_expr, _vma) (BUG_ON(_expr))
-
#define TASK_SIZE ((1ul << 47)-PAGE_SIZE)
/*
diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h b/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h
index f9fe07a8a443..244ee02dc21d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h
+++ b/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h
@@ -905,6 +905,13 @@ static __always_inline vma_flags_t __mk_vma_flags(vma_flags_t flags,
#define append_vma_flags(flags, ...) __mk_vma_flags(flags, \
COUNT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__), (const vma_flag_t []){__VA_ARGS__})
+static __always_inline int vma_flags_count(const vma_flags_t *flags)
+{
+ const unsigned long *bitmap = flags->__vma_flags;
+
+ return bitmap_weight(bitmap, NUM_VMA_FLAG_BITS);
+}
+
static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test(const vma_flags_t *flags,
vma_flag_t bit)
{
@@ -952,6 +959,14 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_all_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
#define vma_flags_test_all(flags, ...) \
vma_flags_test_all_mask(flags, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_single_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
+ vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vma_flags_count(&flagmask) > 1);
+
+ return vma_flags_test_any_mask(flags, flagmask);
+}
+
static __always_inline void vma_flags_set_mask(vma_flags_t *flags, vma_flags_t to_set)
{
unsigned long *bitmap = flags->__vma_flags;
@@ -1031,6 +1046,12 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_test_all_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma,
#define vma_test_all(vma, ...) \
vma_test_all_mask(vma, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+static __always_inline bool
+vma_test_single_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma, vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ return vma_flags_test_single_mask(&vma->flags, flagmask);
+}
+
static __always_inline void vma_set_flags_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
vma_flags_t flags)
{
diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h b/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
index 0e1121e2ef23..e12ab2c80f95 100644
--- a/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
+++ b/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@ typedef unsigned long pgprotval_t;
typedef struct pgprot { pgprotval_t pgprot; } pgprot_t;
typedef __bitwise unsigned int vm_fault_t;
+#define VM_WARN_ON(_expr) (WARN_ON(_expr))
+#define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr) (WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr))
+#define VM_WARN_ON_VMG(_expr, _vmg) (WARN_ON(_expr))
+#define VM_BUG_ON(_expr) (BUG_ON(_expr))
+#define VM_BUG_ON_VMA(_expr, _vma) (BUG_ON(_expr))
+
#include "include/stubs.h"
#include "include/dup.h"
#include "include/custom.h"
--
2.53.0
_______________________________________________
linux-riscv mailing list
linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org
http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/linux-riscv
WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: "Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)" <ljs@kernel.org>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org>,
"Liam R . Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>,
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org>, Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>,
Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de>, Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>,
Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>,
Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>,
linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org>,
Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>, Brian Cain <bcain@kernel.org>,
Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>,
WANG Xuerui <kernel@xen0n.name>,
Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org>,
Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>,
Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>,
Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>,
Christophe Leroy <chleroy@kernel.org>,
Paul Walmsley <pjw@kernel.org>,
Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>,
Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>,
Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>,
Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>,
Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>,
Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>,
Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>,
Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>,
Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
x86@kernel.org, "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>,
Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>,
Anton Ivanov <anton.ivanov@cambridgegreys.com>,
Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>,
Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>,
Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>, Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>,
Xu Xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn>,
Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev>,
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>, Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>,
Stephen Smalley <stephen.smalley.work@gmail.com>,
Ondrej Mosnacek <omosnace@redhat.com>,
linux-snps-arc@lists.infradead.org,
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org,
linux-hexagon@vger.kernel.org, loongarch@lists.linux.dev,
linux-mips@vger.kernel.org, linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org,
linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org, linux-s390@vger.kernel.org,
linux-um@lists.infradead.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org,
selinux@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH v4 15/25] mm: introduce vma_flags_count() and vma[_flags]_test_single_mask()
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 19:38:32 +0000 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <cd778dd02b9f2a01eb54d25a49dea8ec2ddf7753.1774034900.git.ljs@kernel.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <cover.1774034900.git.ljs@kernel.org>
vma_flags_count() determines how many bits are set in VMA flags, using
bitmap_weight().
vma_flags_test_single_mask() determines if a vma_flags_t set of flags
contains a single flag specified as another vma_flags_t value, or if the
sought flag mask is empty, it is defined to return false.
This is useful when we want to declare a VMA flag as optionally a single
flag in a mask or empty depending on kernel configuration.
This allows us to have VM_NONE-like semantics when checking whether the
flag is set.
In a subsequent patch, we introduce the use of VMA_DROPPABLE of type
vma_flags_t using precisely these semantics.
It would be actively confusing to use vma_flags_test_any_single_mask() for
this (and vma_flags_test_all_mask() is not correct to use here, as it
trivially returns true when tested against an empty vma flags mask).
We introduce vma_flags_count() to be able to assert that the compared flag
mask is singular or empty, checked when CONFIG_DEBUG_VM is enabled.
Also update the VMA tests as part of this change.
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org>
---
include/linux/mm.h | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h | 6 ----
tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h | 21 ++++++++++++++
tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h | 6 ++++
4 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 47bf9f166924..324b6e8a66fa 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -1083,6 +1083,14 @@ static __always_inline vma_flags_t __mk_vma_flags(vma_flags_t flags,
#define append_vma_flags(flags, ...) __mk_vma_flags(flags, \
COUNT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__), (const vma_flag_t []){__VA_ARGS__})
+/* Calculates the number of set bits in the specified VMA flags. */
+static __always_inline int vma_flags_count(const vma_flags_t *flags)
+{
+ const unsigned long *bitmap = flags->__vma_flags;
+
+ return bitmap_weight(bitmap, NUM_VMA_FLAG_BITS);
+}
+
/*
* Test whether a specific VMA flag is set, e.g.:
*
@@ -1158,6 +1166,26 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_all_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
#define vma_flags_test_all(flags, ...) \
vma_flags_test_all_mask(flags, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+/*
+ * Helper to test that a flag mask of type vma_flags_t has a SINGLE flag set
+ * (returning false if flagmask has no flags set).
+ *
+ * This is defined to make the semantics clearer when testing an optionally
+ * defined VMA flags mask, e.g.:
+ *
+ * if (vma_flags_test_single_mask(&flags, VMA_DROPPABLE)) { ... }
+ *
+ * When VMA_DROPPABLE is defined if available, or set to EMPTY_VMA_FLAGS
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_single_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
+ vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vma_flags_count(&flagmask) > 1);
+
+ return vma_flags_test_any_mask(flags, flagmask);
+}
+
/* Set each of the to_set flags in flags, non-atomically. */
static __always_inline void vma_flags_set_mask(vma_flags_t *flags,
vma_flags_t to_set)
@@ -1286,6 +1314,24 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_test_all_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma,
#define vma_test_all(vma, ...) \
vma_test_all_mask(vma, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+/*
+ * Helper to test that a flag mask of type vma_flags_t has a SINGLE flag set
+ * (returning false if flagmask has no flags set).
+ *
+ * This is useful when a flag needs to be either defined or not depending upon
+ * kernel configuration, e.g.:
+ *
+ * if (vma_test_single_mask(vma, VMA_DROPPABLE)) { ... }
+ *
+ * When VMA_DROPPABLE is defined if available, or set to EMPTY_VMA_FLAGS
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+static __always_inline bool
+vma_test_single_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma, vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ return vma_flags_test_single_mask(&vma->flags, flagmask);
+}
+
/*
* Helper to set all VMA flags in a VMA.
*
diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h b/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h
index 2c498e713fbd..b7d9eb0a44e4 100644
--- a/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h
+++ b/tools/testing/vma/include/custom.h
@@ -15,12 +15,6 @@ extern unsigned long dac_mmap_min_addr;
#define dac_mmap_min_addr 0UL
#endif
-#define VM_WARN_ON(_expr) (WARN_ON(_expr))
-#define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr) (WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr))
-#define VM_WARN_ON_VMG(_expr, _vmg) (WARN_ON(_expr))
-#define VM_BUG_ON(_expr) (BUG_ON(_expr))
-#define VM_BUG_ON_VMA(_expr, _vma) (BUG_ON(_expr))
-
#define TASK_SIZE ((1ul << 47)-PAGE_SIZE)
/*
diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h b/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h
index f9fe07a8a443..244ee02dc21d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h
+++ b/tools/testing/vma/include/dup.h
@@ -905,6 +905,13 @@ static __always_inline vma_flags_t __mk_vma_flags(vma_flags_t flags,
#define append_vma_flags(flags, ...) __mk_vma_flags(flags, \
COUNT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__), (const vma_flag_t []){__VA_ARGS__})
+static __always_inline int vma_flags_count(const vma_flags_t *flags)
+{
+ const unsigned long *bitmap = flags->__vma_flags;
+
+ return bitmap_weight(bitmap, NUM_VMA_FLAG_BITS);
+}
+
static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test(const vma_flags_t *flags,
vma_flag_t bit)
{
@@ -952,6 +959,14 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_all_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
#define vma_flags_test_all(flags, ...) \
vma_flags_test_all_mask(flags, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+static __always_inline bool vma_flags_test_single_mask(const vma_flags_t *flags,
+ vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vma_flags_count(&flagmask) > 1);
+
+ return vma_flags_test_any_mask(flags, flagmask);
+}
+
static __always_inline void vma_flags_set_mask(vma_flags_t *flags, vma_flags_t to_set)
{
unsigned long *bitmap = flags->__vma_flags;
@@ -1031,6 +1046,12 @@ static __always_inline bool vma_test_all_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma,
#define vma_test_all(vma, ...) \
vma_test_all_mask(vma, mk_vma_flags(__VA_ARGS__))
+static __always_inline bool
+vma_test_single_mask(const struct vm_area_struct *vma, vma_flags_t flagmask)
+{
+ return vma_flags_test_single_mask(&vma->flags, flagmask);
+}
+
static __always_inline void vma_set_flags_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
vma_flags_t flags)
{
diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h b/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
index 0e1121e2ef23..e12ab2c80f95 100644
--- a/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
+++ b/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@ typedef unsigned long pgprotval_t;
typedef struct pgprot { pgprotval_t pgprot; } pgprot_t;
typedef __bitwise unsigned int vm_fault_t;
+#define VM_WARN_ON(_expr) (WARN_ON(_expr))
+#define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr) (WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr))
+#define VM_WARN_ON_VMG(_expr, _vmg) (WARN_ON(_expr))
+#define VM_BUG_ON(_expr) (BUG_ON(_expr))
+#define VM_BUG_ON_VMA(_expr, _vma) (BUG_ON(_expr))
+
#include "include/stubs.h"
#include "include/dup.h"
#include "include/custom.h"
--
2.53.0
_______________________________________________
linux-snps-arc mailing list
linux-snps-arc@lists.infradead.org
http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/linux-snps-arc
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-03-20 19:39 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 96+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-03-20 19:38 [PATCH v4 00/25] mm/vma: convert vm_flags_t to vma_flags_t in vma code Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 01/25] mm/vma: add vma_flags_empty(), vma_flags_and(), vma_flags_diff_pair() Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 02/25] tools/testing/vma: add unit tests flag empty, diff_pair, and[_mask] Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 03/25] mm/vma: add further vma_flags_t unions Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 04/25] tools/testing/vma: convert bulk of test code to vma_flags_t Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 05/25] mm/vma: use new VMA flags for sticky flags logic Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 06/25] tools/testing/vma: fix VMA flag tests Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 07/25] mm/vma: add append_vma_flags() helper Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 08/25] tools/testing/vma: add simple test for append_vma_flags() Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 09/25] mm: unexport vm_brk_flags() and eliminate vm_flags parameter Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 10/25] mm/vma: introduce vma_flags_same[_mask/_pair]() Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 11/25] mm/vma: introduce [vma_flags,legacy]_to_[legacy,vma_flags]() helpers Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 12/25] tools/testing/vma: test that legacy flag helpers work correctly Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 13/25] mm/vma: introduce vma_test[_any[_mask]](), and make inlining consistent Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 14/25] tools/testing/vma: update VMA flag tests to test vma_test[_any_mask]() Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) [this message]
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 15/25] mm: introduce vma_flags_count() and vma[_flags]_test_single_mask() Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 16/25] tools/testing/vma: test vma_flags_count,vma[_flags]_test_single_mask Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 17/25] mm: convert do_brk_flags() to use vma_flags_t Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 18/25] mm: update vma_supports_mlock() to use new VMA flags Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 19/25] mm/vma: introduce vma_clear_flags[_mask]() Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 20/25] tools/testing/vma: update VMA tests to test vma_clear_flags[_mask]() Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 21/25] mm/vma: convert as much as we can in mm/vma.c to vma_flags_t Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 22/25] tools: bitmap: add missing bitmap_copy() implementation Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 23/25] mm/vma: convert vma_modify_flags[_uffd]() to use vma_flags_t Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-23 15:47 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-03-23 15:47 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-03-23 15:47 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 24/25] mm/vma: convert __mmap_region() " Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-23 15:49 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-03-23 15:49 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-03-23 15:49 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` [PATCH v4 25/25] mm: simplify VMA flag tests of excluded flags Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-20 19:38 ` Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
2026-03-23 15:51 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-03-23 15:51 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-03-23 15:51 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-03-20 19:56 ` [PATCH v4 00/25] mm/vma: convert vm_flags_t to vma_flags_t in vma code Andrew Morton
2026-03-20 19:56 ` Andrew Morton
2026-03-20 19:56 ` Andrew Morton
2026-03-27 5:50 ` Andrew Morton
2026-03-27 5:50 ` Andrew Morton
2026-03-27 5:50 ` Andrew Morton
2026-03-27 8:27 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-03-27 8:27 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-03-27 8:27 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=cd778dd02b9f2a01eb54d25a49dea8ec2ddf7753.1774034900.git.ljs@kernel.org \
--to=ljs@kernel.org \
--cc=Liam.Howlett@oracle.com \
--cc=agordeev@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=akpm@linux-foundation.org \
--cc=alex@ghiti.fr \
--cc=anton.ivanov@cambridgegreys.com \
--cc=aou@eecs.berkeley.edu \
--cc=bcain@kernel.org \
--cc=borntraeger@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=bp@alien8.de \
--cc=brauner@kernel.org \
--cc=catalin.marinas@arm.com \
--cc=chengming.zhou@linux.dev \
--cc=chenhuacai@kernel.org \
--cc=chleroy@kernel.org \
--cc=dave.hansen@linux.intel.com \
--cc=david@kernel.org \
--cc=dinguyen@kernel.org \
--cc=gor@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=hca@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=hpa@zytor.com \
--cc=jack@suse.cz \
--cc=jannh@google.com \
--cc=johannes@sipsolutions.net \
--cc=kees@kernel.org \
--cc=kernel@xen0n.name \
--cc=linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org \
--cc=linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-hexagon@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-mips@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
--cc=linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org \
--cc=linux-s390@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-snps-arc@lists.infradead.org \
--cc=linux-um@lists.infradead.org \
--cc=linux@armlinux.org.uk \
--cc=linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org \
--cc=loongarch@lists.linux.dev \
--cc=maddy@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=mhocko@suse.com \
--cc=mingo@redhat.com \
--cc=mpe@ellerman.id.au \
--cc=npiggin@gmail.com \
--cc=omosnace@redhat.com \
--cc=palmer@dabbelt.com \
--cc=paul@paul-moore.com \
--cc=pfalcato@suse.de \
--cc=pjw@kernel.org \
--cc=richard@nod.at \
--cc=rppt@kernel.org \
--cc=selinux@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=stephen.smalley.work@gmail.com \
--cc=surenb@google.com \
--cc=svens@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=tglx@kernel.org \
--cc=tsbogend@alpha.franken.de \
--cc=vbabka@kernel.org \
--cc=vgupta@kernel.org \
--cc=viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk \
--cc=will@kernel.org \
--cc=x86@kernel.org \
--cc=xu.xin16@zte.com.cn \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.