[PATCH 0/3] btrfs: some fixes related to the extent map shrinker

[PATCH 0/3] btrfs: some fixes related to the extent map shrinker

[fdmanana]

From: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>

A few fixes and improvements for the extent map shrinker. The first is a
use-after-free that is likely hard to hit and the other two fixes make
things more efficient by avoiding grabbing and dropping (iput) inodes
which don't have extent maps loaded as well as eleminating the need to
do delayed iputs, as that's not needed anymore.

These are related to a recent report from Ivan Shapovalov where the
cleaner kthread was using over 50% of CPU doing a lot of delayed iputs:

  https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/0414d690ac5680d0d77dfc930606cdc36e42e12f.camel@intelfx.name/

More details in the change logs.

Filipe Manana (3):
  btrfs: fix use-after-free on inode when scanning root during em shrinking
  btrfs: skip inodes without loaded extent maps when shrinking extent maps
  btrfs: do regular iput instead of delayed iput during extent map shrinking

 fs/btrfs/extent_map.c | 82 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

-- 
2.45.2

[PATCH 1/3] btrfs: fix use-after-free on inode when scanning root during em shrinking

[fdmanana]

From: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>

At btrfs_scan_root() we are accessing the inode's root (and fs_info) in a
call to btrfs_fs_closing() after we have scheduled the inode for a delayed
iput, and that can result in a use-after-free on the inode in case the
cleaner kthread does the iput before we dereference the inode in the call
to btrfs_fs_closing().

Fix this by using the fs_info stored already in a local variable instead
of doing inode->root->fs_info.

Fixes: 102044384056 ("btrfs: make the extent map shrinker run asynchronously as a work queue job")
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.13+
Tested-by: Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/0414d690ac5680d0d77dfc930606cdc36e42e12f.camel@intelfx.name/
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
---
 fs/btrfs/extent_map.c | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c b/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c
index 67ce85ff0ae2..bee1b94a1049 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c
@@ -1222,8 +1222,7 @@ static long btrfs_scan_root(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_em_shrink_ctx
 		fs_info->em_shrinker_last_ino = btrfs_ino(inode);
 		btrfs_add_delayed_iput(inode);
 
-		if (ctx->scanned >= ctx->nr_to_scan ||
-		    btrfs_fs_closing(inode->root->fs_info))
+		if (ctx->scanned >= ctx->nr_to_scan || btrfs_fs_closing(fs_info))
 			break;
 
 		cond_resched();
-- 
2.45.2

[PATCH 2/3] btrfs: skip inodes without loaded extent maps when shrinking extent maps

[fdmanana]

From: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>

If there are inodes that don't have any loaded extent maps, we end up
grabbing a reference on them and later adding a delayed iput, which wakes
up the cleaner and makes it do unnecessary work. This is common when for
example the inodes were open only to run stat(2) or all their extent maps
were already released through the folio release callback
(btrfs_release_folio()) or released by a previous run of the shrinker, or
directories which never have extent maps.

Reported-by: Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name>
Tested-by: Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/0414d690ac5680d0d77dfc930606cdc36e42e12f.camel@intelfx.name/
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.13+
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
---
 fs/btrfs/extent_map.c | 77 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c b/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c
index bee1b94a1049..820aef514238 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c
@@ -1128,6 +1128,8 @@ static long btrfs_scan_inode(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct btrfs_em_shrink_c
 	long nr_dropped = 0;
 	struct rb_node *node;
 
+	lockdep_assert_held_write(&tree->lock);
+
 	/*
 	 * Take the mmap lock so that we serialize with the inode logging phase
 	 * of fsync because we may need to set the full sync flag on the inode,
@@ -1139,28 +1141,12 @@ static long btrfs_scan_inode(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct btrfs_em_shrink_c
 	 * to find new extents, which may not be there yet because ordered
 	 * extents haven't completed yet.
 	 *
-	 * We also do a try lock because otherwise we could deadlock. This is
-	 * because the shrinker for this filesystem may be invoked while we are
-	 * in a path that is holding the mmap lock in write mode. For example in
-	 * a reflink operation while COWing an extent buffer, when allocating
-	 * pages for a new extent buffer and under memory pressure, the shrinker
-	 * may be invoked, and therefore we would deadlock by attempting to read
-	 * lock the mmap lock while we are holding already a write lock on it.
+	 * We also do a try lock because we don't want to block for too long and
+	 * we are holding the extent map tree's lock in write mode.
 	 */
 	if (!down_read_trylock(&inode->i_mmap_lock))
 		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * We want to be fast so if the lock is busy we don't want to spend time
-	 * waiting for it - either some task is about to do IO for the inode or
-	 * we may have another task shrinking extent maps, here in this code, so
-	 * skip this inode.
-	 */
-	if (!write_trylock(&tree->lock)) {
-		up_read(&inode->i_mmap_lock);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
 	node = rb_first(&tree->root);
 	while (node) {
 		struct rb_node *next = rb_next(node);
@@ -1201,12 +1187,60 @@ static long btrfs_scan_inode(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct btrfs_em_shrink_c
 			break;
 		node = next;
 	}
-	write_unlock(&tree->lock);
 	up_read(&inode->i_mmap_lock);
 
 	return nr_dropped;
 }
 
+static struct btrfs_inode *find_first_inode(struct btrfs_root *root, u64 min_ino)
+{
+	struct btrfs_inode *inode;
+	unsigned long from = min_ino;
+
+	xa_lock(&root->inodes);
+	while (true) {
+		struct extent_map_tree *tree;
+
+		inode = xa_find(&root->inodes, &from, ULONG_MAX, XA_PRESENT);
+		if (!inode)
+			break;
+
+		tree = &inode->extent_tree;
+
+		/*
+		 * We want to be fast so if the lock is busy we don't want to
+		 * spend time waiting for it (some task is about to do IO for
+		 * the inode).
+		 */
+		if (!write_trylock(&tree->lock))
+			goto next;
+
+		/*
+		 * Skip inode if it doesn't have loaded extent maps, so we avoid
+		 * getting a reference and doing an iput later. This includes
+		 * cases like files that were opened for things like stat(2), or
+		 * files with all extent maps previously released through the
+		 * release folio callback (btrfs_release_folio()) or released in
+		 * a previous run, or directories which never have extent maps.
+		 */
+		if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&tree->root)) {
+			write_unlock(&tree->lock);
+			goto next;
+		}
+
+		if (igrab(&inode->vfs_inode))
+			break;
+
+		write_unlock(&tree->lock);
+next:
+		from = btrfs_ino(inode) + 1;
+		cond_resched_lock(&root->inodes.xa_lock);
+	}
+	xa_unlock(&root->inodes);
+
+	return inode;
+}
+
 static long btrfs_scan_root(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_em_shrink_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
@@ -1214,9 +1248,10 @@ static long btrfs_scan_root(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_em_shrink_ctx
 	long nr_dropped = 0;
 	u64 min_ino = fs_info->em_shrinker_last_ino + 1;
 
-	inode = btrfs_find_first_inode(root, min_ino);
+	inode = find_first_inode(root, min_ino);
 	while (inode) {
 		nr_dropped += btrfs_scan_inode(inode, ctx);
+		write_unlock(&inode->extent_tree.lock);
 
 		min_ino = btrfs_ino(inode) + 1;
 		fs_info->em_shrinker_last_ino = btrfs_ino(inode);
@@ -1227,7 +1262,7 @@ static long btrfs_scan_root(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_em_shrink_ctx
 
 		cond_resched();
 
-		inode = btrfs_find_first_inode(root, min_ino);
+		inode = find_first_inode(root, min_ino);
 	}
 
 	if (inode) {
-- 
2.45.2

[PATCH 3/3] btrfs: do regular iput instead of delayed iput during extent map shrinking

[fdmanana]

From: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>

The extent map shrinker now runs in the system unbound workqueue and no
longer in kswapd context so it can directly do an iput() on inodes even
if that blocks or needs to acquire any lock (we aren't holding any locks
when requesting the delayed iput from the shrinker). So we don't need to
add a delayed iput, wake up the cleaner and delegate the iput() to the
cleaner, which also adds extra contention on the spinlock that protects
the delayed iputs list.

Reported-by: Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name>
Tested-by: Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/0414d690ac5680d0d77dfc930606cdc36e42e12f.camel@intelfx.name/
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.12+
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
---
 fs/btrfs/extent_map.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c b/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c
index 820aef514238..3b05a2d27704 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/extent_map.c
@@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ static long btrfs_scan_root(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_em_shrink_ctx
 
 		min_ino = btrfs_ino(inode) + 1;
 		fs_info->em_shrinker_last_ino = btrfs_ino(inode);
-		btrfs_add_delayed_iput(inode);
+		iput(&inode->vfs_inode);
 
 		if (ctx->scanned >= ctx->nr_to_scan || btrfs_fs_closing(fs_info))
 			break;
-- 
2.45.2

Re: [PATCH 1/3] btrfs: fix use-after-free on inode when scanning root during em shrinking

[Johannes Thumshirn]

Looks good,
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>

Re: [PATCH 0/3] btrfs: some fixes related to the extent map shrinker

[Qu Wenruo]

在 2025/2/16 23:46, fdmanana@kernel.org 写道:
> From: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
>
> A few fixes and improvements for the extent map shrinker. The first is a
> use-after-free that is likely hard to hit and the other two fixes make
> things more efficient by avoiding grabbing and dropping (iput) inodes
> which don't have extent maps loaded as well as eleminating the need to
> do delayed iputs, as that's not needed anymore.
>
> These are related to a recent report from Ivan Shapovalov where the
> cleaner kthread was using over 50% of CPU doing a lot of delayed iputs:
>
>    https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/0414d690ac5680d0d77dfc930606cdc36e42e12f.camel@intelfx.name/
>
> More details in the change logs.

Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>

Thanks,
Qu

>
> Filipe Manana (3):
>    btrfs: fix use-after-free on inode when scanning root during em shrinking
>    btrfs: skip inodes without loaded extent maps when shrinking extent maps
>    btrfs: do regular iput instead of delayed iput during extent map shrinking
>
>   fs/btrfs/extent_map.c | 82 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
>   1 file changed, 58 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)
>

Re: [PATCH 2/3] btrfs: skip inodes without loaded extent maps when shrinking extent maps

[Johannes Thumshirn]

On 16.02.25 14:16, fdmanana@kernel.org wrote:
> +static struct btrfs_inode *find_first_inode(struct btrfs_root *root, u64 min_ino)

Can we call it something like find_first_inode_for_shrinker() or sth 
like that?

It is very similar to btrfs_find_first_inode() but not the similar 
enough to be the subset of it and I find that quite confusing.

Otherwise
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>

Re: [PATCH 3/3] btrfs: do regular iput instead of delayed iput during extent map shrinking

[Johannes Thumshirn]

Looks good,
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>

Re: [PATCH 2/3] btrfs: skip inodes without loaded extent maps when shrinking extent maps

[Filipe Manana]

On Tue, Feb 18, 2025 at 6:18 AM Johannes Thumshirn
<Johannes.Thumshirn@wdc.com> wrote:
>
> On 16.02.25 14:16, fdmanana@kernel.org wrote:
> > +static struct btrfs_inode *find_first_inode(struct btrfs_root *root, u64 min_ino)
>
> Can we call it something like find_first_inode_for_shrinker() or sth
> like that?

Sure, I'll rename it to find_first_inode_to_shrink() at commit time then.

Thanks.

>
> It is very similar to btrfs_find_first_inode() but not the similar
> enough to be the subset of it and I find that quite confusing.
>
> Otherwise
> Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>