* [Buildroot] [PATCH 1/4] manual: convert existing documentation to the asciidoc format
2011-08-31 21:54 [Buildroot] [pull request v2] Pull request for branch for-2011.11/asciidoc-manual Thomas Petazzoni
@ 2011-08-31 21:54 ` Thomas Petazzoni
2011-08-31 21:54 ` [Buildroot] [PATCH 2/4] manual: provide make targets to build the documentation Thomas Petazzoni
` (2 subsequent siblings)
3 siblings, 0 replies; 7+ messages in thread
From: Thomas Petazzoni @ 2011-08-31 21:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: buildroot
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
---
docs/manual/adding-packages-autotargets.txt | 167 ++++++++++++++
docs/manual/adding-packages-cmaketargets.txt | 140 ++++++++++++
docs/manual/adding-packages-conclusion.txt | 10 +
docs/manual/adding-packages-directory.txt | 76 +++++++
docs/manual/adding-packages-gentargets.txt | 303 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
docs/manual/adding-packages-gettext.txt | 44 ++++
docs/manual/adding-packages-handwritten.txt | 165 ++++++++++++++
docs/manual/adding-packages.txt | 21 ++
docs/manual/board-support.txt | 35 +++
docs/manual/ccache-support.txt | 21 ++
docs/manual/customize-busybox-config.txt | 24 ++
docs/manual/customize-kernel-config.txt | 12 +
docs/manual/customize-rootfs.txt | 36 +++
docs/manual/customize-uclibc-config.txt | 32 +++
docs/manual/customize.txt | 10 +
docs/manual/download-location.txt | 26 +++
docs/manual/external-toolchain.txt | 84 +++++++
docs/manual/getting.txt | 23 ++
docs/manual/how-buildroot-works.txt | 59 +++++
docs/manual/introduction.txt | 69 ++++++
docs/manual/manual.txt | 32 +++
docs/manual/rebuilding-packages.txt | 62 ++++++
docs/manual/using-buildroot-toolchain.txt | 20 ++
docs/manual/using.txt | 183 ++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1654 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 docs/manual/adding-packages-autotargets.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/adding-packages-cmaketargets.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/adding-packages-conclusion.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/adding-packages-directory.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/adding-packages-gentargets.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/adding-packages-gettext.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/adding-packages-handwritten.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/adding-packages.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/board-support.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/ccache-support.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/customize-busybox-config.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/customize-kernel-config.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/customize-rootfs.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/customize-uclibc-config.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/customize.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/download-location.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/external-toolchain.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/getting.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/how-buildroot-works.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/introduction.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/manual.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/rebuilding-packages.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/using-buildroot-toolchain.txt
create mode 100644 docs/manual/using.txt
diff --git a/docs/manual/adding-packages-autotargets.txt b/docs/manual/adding-packages-autotargets.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a319d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/adding-packages-autotargets.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+Infrastructure for autotools-based packages
+-------------------------------------------
+
++AUTOTARGETS+ tutorial
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+First, let's see how to write a +.mk+ file for an autotools-based
+package, with an example :
+
+------------------------
+01: #############################################################
+02: #
+03: # libfoo
+04: #
+05: #############################################################
+06: LIBFOO_VERSION = 1.0
+07: LIBFOO_SOURCE = libfoo-$(LIBFOO_VERSION).tar.gz
+08: LIBFOO_SITE = http://www.foosoftware.org/download
+09: LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING = YES
+10: LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET = YES
+11: LIBFOO_CONF_OPT = --enable-shared
+12: LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES = libglib2 host-pkg-config
+13:
+14: $(eval $(call AUTOTARGETS,package,libfoo))
+------------------------
+
+On line 6, we declare the version of the package.
+
+On line 7 and 8, we declare the name of the tarball and the location
+of the tarball on the Web. Buildroot will automatically download the
+tarball from this location.
+
+On line 9, we tell Buildroot to install the package to the staging
+directory. The staging directory, located in +output/staging/+
+is the directory where all the packages are installed, including their
+development files, etc. By default, packages are not installed to the
+staging directory, since usually, only libraries need to be installed in
+the staging directory: their development files are needed to compile
+other libraries or applications depending on them. Also by default, when
+staging installation is enabled, packages are installed in this location
+using the +make install+ command.
+
+On line 10, we tell Buildroot to also install the package to the
+target directory. This directory contains what will become the root
+filesystem running on the target. Usually, we try not to install header
+files and to install stripped versions of the binary. By default, target
+installation is enabled, so in fact, this line is not strictly
+necessary. Also by default, packages are installed in this location
+using the +make install+ command.
+
+On line 11, we tell Buildroot to pass a custom configure option, that
+will be passed to the +./configure+ script before configuring
+and building the package.
+
+On line 12, we declare our dependencies, so that they are built
+before the build process of our package starts.
+
+Finally, on line line 14, we invoke the +AUTOTARGETS+
+macro that generates all the Makefile rules that actually allows the
+package to be built.
+
++AUTOTARGETS+ reference
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The main macro of the autotools package infrastructure is
++AUTOTARGETS+. It has the same number of arguments and the
+same semantic as the +GENTARGETS+ macro, which is the main
+macro of the generic package infrastructure. For autotools packages, the
+ability to have target and host packages is also available (and is
+actually widely used).
+
+Just like the generic infrastructure, the autotools infrastructure
+works by defining a number of variables before calling the
++AUTOTARGETS+ macro.
+
+First, all the package metadata information variables that exist in the
+generic infrastructure also exist in the autotools infrastructure:
++LIBFOO_VERSION+, +LIBFOO_SOURCE+,
++LIBFOO_PATCH+, +LIBFOO_SITE+,
++LIBFOO_SUBDIR+, +LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES+,
++LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING+, +LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET+.
+
+A few additional variables, specific to the autotools infrastructure,
+can also be defined. Many of them are only useful in very specific
+cases, typical packages will therefore only use a few of them.
+
+* +LIBFOO_SUBDIR+ may contain the name of a subdirectory
+ inside the package that contains the configure script. This is useful,
+ if for example, the main configure script is not at the root of the
+ tree extracted by the tarball. If +HOST_LIBFOO_SUBDIR+ is
+ not specified, it defaults to +LIBFOO_SUBDIR+.
+
+* +LIBFOO_CONF_ENV+, to specify additional environment
+ variables to pass to the configure script. By default, empty.
+
+* +LIBFOO_CONF_OPT+, to specify additional configure
+ options to pass to the configure script. By default, empty.
+
+* +LIBFOO_MAKE+, to specify an alternate +make+
+ command. This is typically useful when parallel make is enabled in
+ the configuration (using +BR2_JLEVEL+) but that this
+ feature should be disabled for the given package, for one reason or
+ another. By default, set to +$(MAKE)+. If parallel building
+ is not supported by the package, then it should be set to
+ +LIBFOO_MAKE=$(MAKE1)+.
+
+* +LIBFOO_MAKE_ENV+, to specify additional environment
+ variables to pass to make in the build step. These are passed before
+ the +make+ command. By default, empty.
+
+* +LIBFOO_MAKE_OPT+, to specify additional variables to
+ pass to make in the build step. These are passed after the
+ +make+ command. By default, empty.
+
+* +LIBFOO_AUTORECONF+, tells whether the package should
+ be autoreconfigured or not (i.e, if the configure script and
+ Makefile.in files should be re-generated by re-running autoconf,
+ automake, libtool, etc.). Valid values are +YES+ and
+ +NO+. By default, the value is +NO+
+
+* +LIBFOO_AUTORECONF_OPT+ to specify additional options
+ passed to the 'autoreconf' program if
+ +LIBFOO_AUTORECONF=YES+. By default, empty.
+
+* +LIBFOO_LIBTOOL_PATCH+ tells whether the Buildroot
+ patch to fix libtool cross-compilation issues should be applied or
+ not. Valid values are +YES+ and +NO+. By
+ default, the value is +YES+
+
+* +LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_OPT+ contains the make options
+ used to install the package to the staging directory. By default, the
+ value is +DESTDIR=$$(STAGING_DIR) install+, which is
+ correct for most autotools packages. It is still possible to override
+ it.
+
+* +LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_OPT+ contains the make options
+ used to install the package to the target directory. By default, the
+ value is +DESTDIR=$$(TARGET_DIR) install+. The default
+ value is correct for most autotools packages, but it is still possible
+ to override it if needed.
+
+* +LIBFOO_CLEAN_OPT+ contains the make options used to
+ clean the package. By default, the value is +clean+.
+
+* +LIBFOO_UNINSTALL_STAGING_OPT+, contains the make
+ options used to uninstall the package from the staging directory. By
+ default, the value is +DESTDIR=$$(STAGING_DIR) uninstall+.
+
+* +LIBFOO_UNINSTALL_TARGET_OPT+, contains the make
+ options used to uninstall the package from the target directory. By
+ default, the value is +DESTDIR=$$(TARGET_DIR) uninstall+.
+
+With the autotools infrastructure, all the steps required to build
+and install the packages are already defined, and they generally work
+well for most autotools-based packages. However, when required, it is
+still possible to customize what is done in any particular step:
+
+* By adding a post-operation hook (after extract, patch, configure,
+ build or install). See the reference documentation of the generic
+ infrastructure for details.
+
+* By overriding one of the steps. For example, even if the autotools
+ infrastructure is used, if the package +.mk+ file defines its
+ own +LIBFOO_CONFIGURE_CMDS+ variable, it will be used
+ instead of the default autotools one. However, using this method
+ should be restricted to very specific cases. Do not use it in the
+ general case.
diff --git a/docs/manual/adding-packages-cmaketargets.txt b/docs/manual/adding-packages-cmaketargets.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c3ac48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/adding-packages-cmaketargets.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+Infrastructure for CMake-based packages
+---------------------------------------
+
++CMAKETARGETS+ tutorial
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+First, let's see how to write a +.mk+ file for a CMake-based package,
+with an example :
+
+------------------------
+01: #############################################################
+02: #
+03: # libfoo
+04: #
+05: #############################################################
+06: LIBFOO_VERSION = 1.0
+07: LIBFOO_SOURCE = libfoo-$(LIBFOO_VERSION).tar.gz
+08: LIBFOO_SITE = http://www.foosoftware.org/download
+09: LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING = YES
+10: LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET = YES
+11: LIBFOO_CONF_OPT = -DBUILD_DEMOS=ON
+12: LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES = libglib2 host-pkg-config
+13:
+14: $(eval $(call CMAKETARGETS,package,libfoo))
+------------------------
+
+On line 6, we declare the version of the package.
+
+On line 7 and 8, we declare the name of the tarball and the location
+of the tarball on the Web. Buildroot will automatically download the
+tarball from this location.
+
+On line 9, we tell Buildroot to install the package to the staging
+directory. The staging directory, located in +output/staging/+
+is the directory where all the packages are installed, including their
+development files, etc. By default, packages are not installed to the
+staging directory, since usually, only libraries need to be installed in
+the staging directory: their development files are needed to compile
+other libraries or applications depending on them. Also by default, when
+staging installation is enabled, packages are installed in this location
+using the +make install+ command.
+
+On line 10, we tell Buildroot to also install the package to the
+target directory. This directory contains what will become the root
+filesystem running on the target. Usually, we try not to install header
+files and to install stripped versions of the binary. By default, target
+installation is enabled, so in fact, this line is not strictly
+necessary. Also by default, packages are installed in this location
+using the +make install+ command.
+
+On line 11, we tell Buildroot to pass custom options to CMake when it is
+configuring the package.
+
+On line 12, we declare our dependencies, so that they are built
+before the build process of our package starts.
+
+Finally, on line line 14, we invoke the +CMAKETARGETS+
+macro that generates all the Makefile rules that actually allows the
+package to be built.
+
++CMAKETARGETS+ reference
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+<h4 id="cmake-reference">Makefile for CMake packages : reference</h4>
+
+The main macro of the CMake package infrastructure is
++CMAKETARGETS+. It has the same number of arguments and the same
+semantic as the +GENTARGETS+ macro, which is the main macro of the
+generic package infrastructure. For CMake packages, the ability to
+have target and host packages is also available.
+
+Just like the generic infrastructure, the CMake infrastructure works
+by defining a number of variables before calling the +CMAKETARGETS+
+macro.
+
+First, all the package metadata information variables that exist in
+the generic infrastructure also exist in the CMake infrastructure:
++LIBFOO_VERSION+, +LIBFOO_SOURCE+, +LIBFOO_PATCH+, +LIBFOO_SITE+,
++LIBFOO_SUBDIR+, +LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES+, +LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING+,
++LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET+.
+
+A few additional variables, specific to the CMake infrastructure, can
+also be defined. Many of them are only useful in very specific cases,
+typical packages will therefore only use a few of them.
+
+* +LIBFOO_SUBDIR+ may contain the name of a subdirectory inside the
+ package that contains the main CMakeLists.txt file. This is useful,
+ if for example, the main CMakeLists.txt file is not at the root of
+ the tree extracted by the tarball. If +HOST_LIBFOO_SUBDIR+ is not
+ specified, it defaults to +LIBFOO_SUBDIR+.
+
+* +LIBFOO_CONF_ENV+, to specify additional environment variables to
+ pass to CMake. By default, empty.
+
+* +LIBFOO_CONF_OPT+, to specify additional configure options to pass
+ to CMake. By default, empty.
+
+* +LIBFOO_MAKE+, to specify an alternate +make+ command. This is
+ typically useful when parallel make is enabled in the configuration
+ (using +BR2_JLEVEL+) but that this feature should be disabled for
+ the given package, for one reason or another. By default, set to
+ +$(MAKE)+. If parallel building is not supported by the package,
+ then it should be set to +LIBFOO_MAKE=$(MAKE1)+.
+
+* +LIBFOO_MAKE_ENV+, to specify additional environment variables to
+ pass to make in the build step. These are passed before the +make+
+ command. By default, empty.
+
+* +LIBFOO_MAKE_OPT+, to specify additional variables to pass to make
+ in the build step. These are passed after the +make+ command. By
+ default, empty.
+
+* +LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_OPT+ contains the make options used to
+ install the package to the staging directory. By default, the value
+ is +DESTDIR=$$(STAGING_DIR) install+, which is correct for most
+ CMake packages. It is still possible to override it.
+
+* +LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_OPT+ contains the make options used to
+ install the package to the target directory. By default, the value
+ is +DESTDIR=$$(TARGET_DIR) install+. The default value is correct
+ for most CMake packages, but it is still possible to override it if
+ needed.
+
+* +LIBFOO_CLEAN_OPT+ contains the make options used to clean the
+ package. By default, the value is +clean+.
+
+With the CMake infrastructure, all the steps required to build and
+install the packages are already defined, and they generally work well
+for most CMake-based packages. However, when required, it is still
+possible to customize what is done in any particular step:
+
+* By adding a post-operation hook (after extract, patch, configure,
+ build or install). See the reference documentation of the generic
+ infrastructure for details.
+
+* By overriding one of the steps. For example, even if the CMake
+ infrastructure is used, if the package +.mk+ file defines its own
+ +LIBFOO_CONFIGURE_CMDS+ variable, it will be used instead of the
+ default CMake one. However, using this method should be restricted
+ to very specific cases. Do not use it in the general case.
diff --git a/docs/manual/adding-packages-conclusion.txt b/docs/manual/adding-packages-conclusion.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3475827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/adding-packages-conclusion.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Conclusion
+----------
+
+As you can see, adding a software package to Buildroot is simply a
+matter of writing a Makefile using an existing example and modifying it
+according to the compilation process required by the package.
+
+If you package software that might be useful for other people, don't
+forget to send a patch to Buildroot developers!
+
diff --git a/docs/manual/adding-packages-directory.txt b/docs/manual/adding-packages-directory.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4efffa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/adding-packages-directory.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+Package directory
+-----------------
+
+First of all, create a directory under the +package+ directory for
+your software, for example +libfoo+.
+
+Some packages have been grouped by topic in a sub-directory:
++multimedia+, +java+, +x11r7+, and +games+. If your package fits in
+one of these categories, then create your package directory in these.
+
++Config.in+ file
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Then, create a file named +Config.in+. This file will contain the
+option descriptions related to our +libfoo+ software that will be used
+and displayed in the configuration tool. It should basically contain :
+
+---------------------------
+config BR2_PACKAGE_LIBFOO
+ bool "libfoo"
+ help
+ This is a comment that explains what libfoo is.
+
+ http://foosoftware.org/libfoo/
+---------------------------
+
+Of course, you can add other options to configure particular things in
+your software. You can look at examples in other packages. The syntax
+of the +Config.in+ file is the same as the one for the kernel Kconfig
+file. The documentation for this syntax is available at
+http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt[]
+
+Finally you have to add your new +libfoo/Config.in+ to
++package/Config.in+ (or in a category subdirectory if you decided to
+put your package in one of the existing categories). The files
+included there are 'sorted alphabetically' per category and are 'NOT'
+supposed to contain anything but the 'bare' name of the package.
+
+--------------------------
+source "package/libfoo/Config.in"
+--------------------------
+
+The +.mk+ file
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Finally, here's the hardest part. Create a file named +libfoo.mk+. It
+describes how the package should be downloaded, configured, built,
+installed, etc.
+
+Depending on the package type, the +.mk+ file must be written in a
+different way, using different infrastructures:
+
+* *Makefiles for generic packages* (not using autotools): These
+ are based on an infrastructure similar to the one used for
+ autotools-based packages, but requires a little more work from the
+ developer. They specify what should be done for the configuration,
+ compilation, installation and cleanup of the package. This
+ infrastructure must be used for all packages that do not use the
+ autotools as their build system. In the future, other specialized
+ infrastructures might be written for other build systems.
+ We cover them through in xref:gentargets-tutorial[] and
+ xref:gentargets-reference[].
+
+* *Makefiles for autotools-based software* (autoconf, automake,
+ etc.): We provide a dedicated infrastructure for such packages, since
+ autotools is a very common build system. This infrastructure <i>must
+ </i> be used for new packages that rely on the autotools as their
+ build system.<br/>We cover them through a
+ <a href="#autotools-tutorial">tutorial</a> and a
+ <a href="#autotools-reference">reference</a>.</li>
+
+* *Manual Makefiles:* These are currently obsolete, and no new
+ manual Makefiles should be added. However, since there are still
+ many of them in the tree, we keep them documented in a <a
+ href="#manual-tutorial">tutorial</a>.</li>
+
diff --git a/docs/manual/adding-packages-gentargets.txt b/docs/manual/adding-packages-gentargets.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36de3af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/adding-packages-gentargets.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+Infrastructure for packages with specific build systems
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+By 'packages with specific build systems' we mean all the packages
+whose build system is not one of the standard ones, such as
+'autotools' or 'CMake'. This typically includes packages whose build
+system is based on hand-written Makefiles or shell scripts.
+
++GENTARGETS+ Tutorial
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+------------------------------
+01: #############################################################
+02: #
+03: # libfoo
+04: #
+05: #############################################################
+06: LIBFOO_VERSION = 1.0
+07: LIBFOO_SOURCE = libfoo-$(LIBFOO_VERSION).tar.gz
+08: LIBFOO_SITE = http://www.foosoftware.org/download
+09: LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING = YES
+10: LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES = host-libaaa libbbb
+11:
+12: define LIBFOO_BUILD_CMDS
+13: $(MAKE) CC=$(TARGET_CC) LD=$(TARGET_LD) -C $(@D) all
+14: endef
+15:
+16: define LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_CMDS
+17: $(INSTALL) -D -m 0755 $(@D)/libfoo.a $(STAGING_DIR)/usr/lib/libfoo.a
+18: $(INSTALL) -D -m 0644 $(@D)/foo.h $(STAGING_DIR)/usr/include/foo.h
+19: $(INSTALL) -D -m 0755 $(@D)/libfoo.so* $(STAGING_DIR)/usr/lib
+20: endef
+21:
+22: define LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_CMDS
+23: $(INSTALL) -D -m 0755 $(@D)/libfoo.so* $(TARGET_DIR)/usr/lib
+24: $(INSTALL) -d -m 0755 $(TARGET_DIR)/etc/foo.d
+25: endef
+26:
+27: $(eval $(call GENTARGETS,package,libfoo))
+--------------------------------
+
+The Makefile begins on line 6 to 8 with metadata information: the
+version of the package (+LIBFOO_VERSION+), the name of the
+tarball containing the package (+LIBFOO_SOURCE+) and the
+Internet location at which the tarball can be downloaded
+(+LIBFOO_SITE+). All variables must start with the same prefix,
++LIBFOO_+ in this case. This prefix is always the uppercased
+version of the package name (see below to understand where the package
+name is defined).
+
+On line 9, we specify that this package wants to install something to
+the staging space. This is often needed for libraries, since they must
+install header files and other development files in the staging space.
+This will ensure that the commands listed in the
++LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_CMDS+ variable will be executed.
+
+On line 10, we specify the list of dependencies this package relies
+on. These dependencies are listed in terms of lower-case package names,
+which can be packages for the target (without the +host-+
+prefix) or packages for the host (with the +host-+) prefix).
+Buildroot will ensure that all these packages are built and installed
+'before' the current package starts its configuration.
+
+The rest of the Makefile defines what should be done at the different
+steps of the package configuration, compilation and installation.
++LIBFOO_BUILD_CMDS+ tells what steps should be performed to
+build the package. +LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_CMDS+ tells what
+steps should be performed to install the package in the staging space.
++LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_CMDS+ tells what steps should be
+performed to install the package in the target space.
+
+All these steps rely on the +$(@D)+ variable, which
+contains the directory where the source code of the package has been
+extracted.
+
+Finally, on line 27, we call the +GENTARGETS+ which
+generates, according to the variables defined previously, all the
+Makefile code necessary to make your package working.
+
++GENTARGETS+ Reference
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The +GENTARGETS+ macro takes three arguments:
+
+* The first argument is the package directory prefix. If your package
+ is in +package/libfoo+, then the directory prefix is +package+. If
+ your package is in +package/editors/foo+, then the directory prefix
+ must be +package/editors+.
+
+* The second argument is the lower-cased package name. It must match
+ the prefix of the variables in the +.mk+ file and must match the
+ configuration option name in the +Config.in+ file. For example, if
+ the package name is +libfoo+, then the variables in the +.mk+ file
+ must start with +LIBFOO_+ and the configuration option in the
+ +Config.in+ file must be +BR2_PACKAGE_LIBFOO+.
+
+* The third argument is optional. It can be used to tell if the
+ package is a target package (cross-compiled for the target) or a
+ host package (natively compiled for the host). If unspecified, it is
+ assumed that it is a target package. See below for details.
+
+For a given package, in a single +.mk+ file, it is possible to call
+GENTARGETS twice, once to create the rules to generate a target
+package and once to create the rules to generate a host package:
+
+----------------------
+$(eval $(call GENTARGETS,package,libfoo))
+$(eval $(call GENTARGETS,package,libfoo,host))
+----------------------
+
+This might be useful if the compilation of the target package requires
+some tools to be installed on the host. If the package name is
++libfoo+, then the name of the package for the target is also
++libfoo+, while the name of the package for the host is
++host-libfoo+. These names should be used in the DEPENDENCIES
+variables of other packages, if they depend on +libfoo+ or
++host-libfoo+.
+
+The call to the +GENTARGETS+ macro *must* be at the end of the +.mk+
+file, after all variable definitions.
+
+For the target package, the +GENTARGETS+ uses the variables defined by
+the .mk file and prefixed by the uppercased package name:
++LIBFOO_*+. For the host package, it uses the +HOST_LIBFOO_*+. For
+'some' variables, if the +HOST_LIBFOO_+ prefixed variable doesn't
+exist, the package infrastructure uses the corresponding variable
+prefixed by +LIBFOO_+. This is done for variables that are likely to
+have the same value for both the target and host packages. See below
+for details.
+
+The list of variables that can be set in a +.mk+ file to give metadata
+information is (assuming the package name is +libfoo+) :
+
+* +LIBFOO_VERSION+, mandatory, must contain the version of the
+ package. Note that if +HOST_LIBFOO_VERSION+ doesn't exist, it is
+ assumed to be the same as +LIBFOO_VERSION+. It can also be a
+ Subversion or Git branch or tag, for packages that are fetched
+ directly from their revision control system. +
+ Example: +LIBFOO_VERSION = 0.1.2+
+
+* +LIBFOO_SOURCE+ may contain the name of the tarball of
+ the package. If +HOST_LIBFOO_SOURCE+ is not specified, it
+ defaults to +LIBFOO_VERSION+. If none are specified, then
+ the value is assumed to be
+ +packagename-$(LIBFOO_VERSION).tar.gz+. +
+ Example: +LIBFOO_SOURCE = foobar-$(LIBFOO_VERSION).tar.bz2+
+
+* +LIBFOO_PATCH+ may contain the name of a patch, that will be
+ downloaded from the same location as the tarball indicated in
+ +LIBFOO_SOURCE+. If +HOST_LIBFOO_PATCH+ is not specified, it
+ defaults to +LIBFOO_PATCH+. Also note that another mechanism is
+ available to patch a package: all files of the form
+ +packagename-packageversion-description.patch+ present in the
+ package directory inside Buildroot will be applied to the package
+ after extraction.
+
+* +LIBFOO_SITE+ may contain the Internet location of the package. It
+ can either be the HTTP or FTP location of a tarball, or the URL of a
+ Git or Subversion repository (see +LIBFOO_SITE_METHOD+ below). If
+ +HOST_LIBFOO_SITE+ is not specified, it defaults to
+ +LIBFOO_SITE+. If none are specified, then the location is assumed
+ to be
+ +http://$$(BR2_SOURCEFORGE_MIRROR).dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/packagename+. +
+ Examples: +LIBFOO_SITE=http://www.libfoosoftware.org/libfoo+ +
+ +LIBFOO_SITE=http://svn.xiph.org/trunk/Tremor/+
+
+* +LIBFOO_SITE_METHOD+ may contain the method to fetch the package
+ source code. It can either be +wget+ (for normal FTP/HTTP downloads
+ of tarballs), +svn+, +git+ or +bzr+. When not specified, it is
+ guessed from the URL given in +LIBFOO_SITE+: +svn://+, +git://+ and
+ +bzr://+ URLs will use the +svn+, +git+ and +bzr+ methods
+ respectively. All other URL-types will use the +wget+ method. So for
+ example, in the case of a package whose source code is available
+ through Subversion repository on HTTP, one 'must' specifiy
+ +LIBFOO_SITE_METHOD=svn+. For +svn+ and +git+ methods, what
+ Buildroot does is a checkout/clone of the repository which is then
+ tarballed and stored into the download cache. Next builds will not
+ checkout/clone again, but will use the tarball directly. When
+ +HOST_LIBFOO_SITE_METHOD+ is not specified, it defaults to the value
+ of +LIBFOO_SITE_METHOD+. See +package/multimedia/tremor/+ for an
+ example.
+
+* +LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES+ lists the dependencies (in terms of package
+ name) that are required for the current target package to
+ compile. These dependencies are guaranteed to be compiled and
+ installed before the configuration of the current package starts. In
+ a similar way, +HOST_LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES+ lists the dependency for
+ the current host package.
+
+* +LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING+ can be set to +YES+ or +NO+ (default). If
+ set to +YES+, then the commands in the +LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_CMDS+
+ variables are executed to install the package into the staging
+ directory.
+
+* +LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET+ can be set to +YES+ (default) or +NO+. If
+ set to +YES+, then the commands in the +LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_CMDS+
+ variables are executed to install the package into the target
+ directory.
+
+The recommended way to define these variables is to use the following
+syntax:
+
+----------------------
+LIBFOO_VERSION = 2.32
+----------------------
+
+Now, the variables that define what should be performed at the
+different steps of the build process.
+
+* +LIBFOO_CONFIGURE_CMDS+, used to list the actions to be performed to
+ configure the package before its compilation
+
+* +LIBFOO_BUILD_CMDS+, used to list the actions to be performed to
+ compile the package
+
+* +HOST_LIBFOO_INSTALL_CMDS+, used to list the actions to be performed
+ to install the package, when the package is a host package. The
+ package must install its files to the directory given by
+ +$(HOST_DIR)+. All files, including development files such as
+ headers should be installed, since other packages might be compiled
+ on top of this package.
+
+* +LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_CMDS+, used to list the actions to be
+ performed to install the package to the target directory, when the
+ package is a target package. The package must install its files to
+ the directory given by +$(TARGET_DIR)+. Only the files required for
+ 'documentation' and 'execution' of the package should be
+ installed. Header files should not be installed, they will be copied
+ to the target, if the +development files in target filesystem+
+ option is selected.
+
+* +LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_CMDS+, used to list the actions to be
+ performed to install the package to the staging directory, when the
+ package is a target package. The package must install its files to
+ the directory given by +$(STAGING_DIR)+. All development files
+ should be installed, since they might be needed to compile other
+ packages.
+
+* +LIBFOO_CLEAN_CMDS+, used to list the actions to perform to clean up
+ the build directory of the package.
+
+* +LIBFOO_UNINSTALL_TARGET_CMDS+, used to list the actions to
+ uninstall the package from the target directory +$(TARGET_DIR)+
+
+* +LIBFOO_UNINSTALL_STAGING_CMDS+, used to list the actions to
+ uninstall the package from the staging directory +$(STAGING_DIR)+.
+
+The preferred way to define these variables is:
+
+----------------------
+define LIBFOO_CONFIGURE_CMDS
+ action 1
+ action 2
+ action 3
+endef
+----------------------
+
+In the action definitions, you can use the following variables:
+
+* +$(@D)+, which contains the directory in which the package source
+ code has been uncompressed.
+
+* +$(TARGET_CC)+, +$(TARGET_LD)+, etc. to get the target
+ cross-compilation utilities
+
+* +$(TARGET_CROSS)+ to get the cross-compilation toolchain prefix
+
+* Of course the +$(HOST_DIR)+, +$(STAGING_DIR)+ and +$(TARGET_DIR)+
+ variables to install the packages properly.
+
+The last feature of the generic infrastructure is the ability to add
+hooks. These define further actions to perform after existing steps.
+Most hooks aren't really useful for generic packages, since the +.mk+
+file already has full control over the actions performed in each step
+of the package construction. The hooks are more useful for packages
+using the autotools infrastructure described below. However, since
+they are provided by the generic infrastructure, they are documented
+here. The exception is +LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_HOOKS+. Patching the
+package is not user definable, so +LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_HOOKS+ will be
+userful for generic packages.
+
+The following hook points are available:
+
+* +LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_HOOKS+
+* +LIBFOO_PRE_CONFIGURE_HOOKS+
+* +LIBFOO_POST_CONFIGURE_HOOKS+
+* +LIBFOO_POST_BUILD_HOOKS+
+* +LIBFOO_POST_INSTALL_HOOKS+ (for host packages only)
+* +LIBFOO_POST_INSTALL_STAGING_HOOKS+ (for target packages only)
+* +LIBFOO_POST_INSTALL_TARGET_HOOKS+ (for target packages only)
+
+These variables are 'lists' of variable names containing actions to be
+performed at this hook point. This allows several hooks to be
+registered at a given hook point. Here is an example:
+
+----------------------
+define LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_FIXUP
+ action1
+ action2
+endef
+
+LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_HOOKS += LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_FIXUP
+----------------------
diff --git a/docs/manual/adding-packages-gettext.txt b/docs/manual/adding-packages-gettext.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ed834e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/adding-packages-gettext.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+Gettext integration and interaction with packages
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Many packages that support internationalization use the gettext
+library. Dependencies for this library are fairly complicated and
+therefore, deserves some explanation.
+
+The 'uClibc' C library doesn't implement gettext functionality,
+therefore with this C library, a separate gettext must be compiled. On
+the other hand, the 'glibc' C library does integrate its own gettext,
+and in this case, the separate gettext library should not be compiled,
+because it creates various kinds of build failures.
+
+Additionally, some packages (such as +libglib2+) do require gettext
+unconditionally, while other packages (those who support
++--disable-nls+ in general) only require gettext when locale support
+is enabled.
+
+Therefore, Buildroot defines two configuration options:
+
+* +BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT+, which is true as soon as the toolchain doesn't
+ provide its own gettext implementation
+
+* +BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT_IF_LOCALE+, which is true if the toolchain
+ doesn't provide its own gettext implementation and if locale support
+ is enabled
+
+Therefore, packages that unconditionally need gettext should:
+
+* Use +select BR2_PACKAGE_GETTEXT if BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT+ and possibly
+ +select BR2_PACKAGE_LIBINTL if BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT+, if libintl is
+ also needed
+
+* Use +$(if $(BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT),gettext)+ in the package
+ +DEPENDENCIES+ variable
+
+Packages that need gettext only when locale support is enabled should:
+
+* Use +select BR2_PACKAGE_GETTEXT if BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT_IF_LOCALE+ and
+ possibly +select BR2_PACKAGE_LIBINTL if
+ BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT_IF_LOCALE+, if libintl is also needed
+
+* Use +$(if $(BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT_IF_LOCALE),gettext)+ in the package
+ +DEPENDENCIES+ variable
diff --git a/docs/manual/adding-packages-handwritten.txt b/docs/manual/adding-packages-handwritten.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..357bd0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/adding-packages-handwritten.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+Manual Makefile
+---------------
+
+*NOTE: new manual makefiles should not be created, and existing manual
+makefiles should be converted either to the generic, autotools or
+cmake infrastructure. This section is only kept to document the
+existing manual makefiles and to help understand how they work.*
+
+------------------------
+01: #############################################################
+02: #
+03: # libfoo
+04: #
+05: #############################################################
+06: LIBFOO_VERSION:=1.0
+07: LIBFOO_SOURCE:=libfoo-$(LIBFOO_VERSION).tar.gz
+08: LIBFOO_SITE:=http://www.foosoftware.org/downloads
+09: LIBFOO_DIR:=$(BUILD_DIR)/foo-$(FOO_VERSION)
+10: LIBFOO_BINARY:=foo
+11: LIBFOO_TARGET_BINARY:=usr/bin/foo
+12:
+13: $(DL_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_SOURCE):
+14: $(call DOWNLOAD,$(LIBFOO_SITE),$(LIBFOO_SOURCE))
+15:
+16: $(LIBFOO_DIR)/.source: $(DL_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_SOURCE)
+17: $(ZCAT) $(DL_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_SOURCE) | tar -C $(BUILD_DIR) $(TAR_OPTIONS) -
+18: touch $@
+19:
+20: $(LIBFOO_DIR)/.configured: $(LIBFOO_DIR)/.source
+21: (cd $(LIBFOO_DIR); rm -rf config.cache; \
+22: $(TARGET_CONFIGURE_OPTS) \
+23: $(TARGET_CONFIGURE_ARGS) \
+24: ./configure \
+25: --target=$(GNU_TARGET_NAME) \
+26: --host=$(GNU_TARGET_NAME) \
+27: --build=$(GNU_HOST_NAME) \
+28: --prefix=/usr \
+29: --sysconfdir=/etc \
+30: )
+31: touch $@
+32:
+33: $(LIBFOO_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_BINARY): $(LIBFOO_DIR)/.configured
+34: $(MAKE) CC=$(TARGET_CC) -C $(LIBFOO_DIR)
+35:
+36: $(TARGET_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_TARGET_BINARY): $(LIBFOO_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_BINARY)
+37: $(MAKE) DESTDIR=$(TARGET_DIR) -C $(LIBFOO_DIR) install-strip
+38: rm -Rf $(TARGET_DIR)/usr/man
+39:
+40: libfoo: uclibc ncurses $(TARGET_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_TARGET_BINARY)
+41:
+42: libfoo-source: $(DL_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_SOURCE)
+43:
+44: libfoo-clean:
+45: $(MAKE) prefix=$(TARGET_DIR)/usr -C $(LIBFOO_DIR) uninstall
+46: -$(MAKE) -C $(LIBFOO_DIR) clean
+47:
+48: libfoo-dirclean:
+49: rm -rf $(LIBFOO_DIR)
+50:
+51: #############################################################
+52: #
+53: # Toplevel Makefile options
+54: #
+55: #############################################################
+56: ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_LIBFOO),y)
+57: TARGETS+=libfoo
+58: endif
+------------------------
+
+First of all, this Makefile example works for a package which
+comprises a single binary executable. For other software, such as
+libraries or more complex stuff with multiple binaries, it must be
+qqadapted. For examples look at the other +*.mk+ files in the
++package+ directory.
+
+At lines 6-11, a couple of useful variables are defined:
+
+* +LIBFOO_VERSION+: The version of 'libfoo' that should be downloaded.
+
+* +LIBFOO_SOURCE+: The name of the tarball of 'libfoo' on the download
+ website or FTP site. As you can see +LIBFOO_VERSION+ is used.
+
+* +LIBFOO_SITE+: The HTTP or FTP site from which 'libfoo' archive is
+ downloaded. It must include the complete path to the directory where
+ +LIBFOO_SOURCE+ can be found.
+
+* +LIBFOO_DIR+: The directory into which the software will be
+ configured and compiled. Basically, it's a subdirectory of
+ +BUILD_DIR+ which is created upon decompression of the tarball.
+
+* +LIBFOO_BINARY+: Software binary name. As said previously, this is
+ an example for a package with a single binary.
+
+* +LIBFOO_TARGET_BINARY+: The full path of the binary inside the
+ target filesystem. Lines 13-14 define a target that downloads the
+ tarball from the remote site to the download directory (+DL_DIR+).
+
+Lines 16-18 define a target and associated rules that uncompress the
+downloaded tarball. As you can see, this target depends on the tarball
+file so that the previous target (lines 13-14) is called before
+executing the rules of the current target. Uncompressing is followed
+by 'touching' a hidden file to mark the software as having been
+uncompressed. This trick is used everywhere in a Buildroot Makefile to
+split steps (download, uncompress, configure, compile, install) while
+still having correct dependencies.
+
+Lines 20-31 define a target and associated rules that configure the
+software. It depends on the previous target (the hidden +.source+
+file) so that we are sure the software has been uncompressed. In order
+to configure the package, it basically runs the well-known
++./configure+ script. As we may be doing cross-compilation, +target+,
++host+ and +build+ arguments are given. The prefix is also set to
++/usr+, not because the software will be installed in +/usr+ on your
+host system, but because the software will be installed in + /usr+ on
+the target filesystem. Finally it creates a +.configured+ file to mark
+the software as configured.
+
+Lines 33-34 define a target and a rule that compile the software. This
+target will create the binary file in the compilation directory and
+depends on the software being already configured (hence the reference
+to the +.configured+ file). It basically runs +make+ inside the
+source directory.
+
+Lines 36-38 define a target and associated rules that install the
+software inside the target filesystem. They depend on the binary file
+in the source directory to make sure the software has been
+compiled. They use the +install-strip+ target of the software
++Makefile+ by passing a +DESTDIR+ argument so that the +Makefile+
+doesn't try to install the software in the host +/usr+ but rather in
+the target +/usr+. After the installation, the +/usr/man + directory
+inside the target filesystem is removed to save space.
+
+Line 40 defines the main target of the software — the one that
+will eventually be used by the top level +Makefile+ to download,
+compile, and then install this package. This target should first of
+all depend on all needed dependencies of the software (in our example,
+'uclibc' and 'ncurses') and also depend on the final binary. This last
+dependency will call all previous dependencies in the correct order.
+
+Line 42 defines a simple target that only downloads the code
+source. This is not used during normal operation of Buildroot, but is
+needed if you intend to download all required sources at once for
+later offline build. Note that if you add a new package, providing a
++libfoo-source+ target is 'mandatory' to support users that wish to do
+offline-builds. Furthermore, it eases checking if all package-sources
+are downloadable.
+
+Lines 44-46 define a simple target to clean the software build by
+calling the Makefile with the appropriate options. The +-clean+
+target should run +make clean+ on $(BUILD_DIR)/package-version and
+MUST uninstall all files of the package from $(STAGING_DIR) and from
+$(TARGET_DIR).
+
+Lines 48-49 define a simple target to completely remove the directory
+in which the software was uncompressed, configured and compiled. The
++-dirclean+ target MUST completely rm $(BUILD_DIR)/ package-version.
+
+Lines 51-58 add the target +libfoo+ to the list of targets to be
+compiled by Buildroot, by first checking if the configuration option
+for this package has been enabled using the configuration tool. If so,
+it then "subscribes" this package to be compiled by adding
+the package to the TARGETS global variable. The name added to the
+TARGETS global variable is the name of this package's target, as
+defined on line 40, which is used by Buildroot to download, compile,
+and then install this package.
diff --git a/docs/manual/adding-packages.txt b/docs/manual/adding-packages.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0217e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/adding-packages.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Adding new packages to Buildroot
+================================
+
+This section covers how new packages (userspace libraries or
+applications) can be integrated into Buildroot. It also shows how
+existing packages are integrated, which is needed for fixing issues or
+tuning their configuration.
+
+include::adding-packages-directory.txt[]
+
+include::adding-packages-gentargets.txt[]
+
+include::adding-packages-autotargets.txt[]
+
+include::adding-packages-cmaketargets.txt[]
+
+include::adding-packages-handwritten.txt[]
+
+include::adding-packages-gettext.txt[]
+
+include::adding-packages-conclusion.txt[]
diff --git a/docs/manual/board-support.txt b/docs/manual/board-support.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1d9d63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/board-support.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+Creating your own board support
+===============================
+
+Creating your own board support in Buildroot allows users of a
+particular hardware platform to easily build a system that is known to
+work.
+
+To do so, you need to create a normal Buildroot configuration that
+builds a basic system for the hardware: toolchain, kernel, bootloader,
+filesystem and a simple Busybox-only userspace. No specific package
+should be selected: the configuration should be as minimal as
+possible, and should only build a working basic Busybox system for the
+target platform. You can of course use more complicated configurations
+for your internal projects, but the Buildroot project will only
+integrate basic board configurations. This is because package
+selections are highly application-specific.
+
+Once you have a known working configuration, run +make
+savedefconfig+. This will generate a minimal +defconfig+ file at the
+root of the Buildroot source tree. Move this file into the +configs/+
+directory, and rename it +MYBOARD_defconfig+.
+
+It is recommended to use as much as possible upstream versions of the
+Linux kernel and bootloaders, and to use as much as possible default
+kernel and bootloader configurations. If they are incorrect for your
+platform, we encourage you to send fixes to the corresponding upstream
+projects.
+
+However, in the mean time, you may want to store kernel or bootloader
+configuration or patches specific to your target platform. To do so,
+create a directory +board/MANUFACTURER+ and a subdirectory
++board/MANUFACTURER/BOARDNAME+ (after replacing, of course,
+MANUFACTURER and BOARDNAME with the appropriate values, in lower case
+letters). You can then store your patches and configurations in these
+directories, and reference them from the main Buildroot configuration.
diff --git a/docs/manual/ccache-support.txt b/docs/manual/ccache-support.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab8cbad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/ccache-support.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Using +ccache+ in Buildroot
+===========================
+
+http://ccache.samba.org[ccache] is a compiler cache. It stores the
+object files resulting from each compilation process, and is able to
+skip future compilation of the same source file (with same compiler
+and same arguments) by using the pre-existing object files. When doing
+almost identical builds from scratch a number of times, it can nicely
+speed up the build process.
+
++ccache+ support is integrated in Buildroot. You just have to enable
++Enable compiler cache+ in +Build options+. This will automatically
+build +ccache+ and use it for every host and target compilation.
+
+The cache is located in +$HOME/.buildroot-ccache+. It is stored
+outside of Buildroot output directory so that it can be shared by
+separate Buildroot builds. If you want to get rid of the cache, simply
+remove this directory.
+
+You can get statistics on the cache (its size, number of hits,
+misses, etc.) by running +make ccache-stats+.
diff --git a/docs/manual/customize-busybox-config.txt b/docs/manual/customize-busybox-config.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60e6a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/customize-busybox-config.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Customizing the Busybox configuration
+-------------------------------------
+[[busybox-custom]]
+
+http://www.busybox.net/[Busybox] is very configurable, and you may
+want to customize it. You can follow these simple steps to do so. This
+method isn't optimal, but it's simple, and it works:
+
+* Do an initial compilation of Buildroot, with busybox, without
+ trying to customize it.
+
+* Invoke +make busybox-menuconfig+.
+ The nice configuration tool appears, and you can
+ customize everything.
+
+* Run the compilation of Buildroot again.
+
+Otherwise, you can simply change the
++package/busybox/busybox-<version>.config+ file, if you know the
+options you want to change, without using the configuration tool.
+
+If you want to use an existing config file for busybox, then see
+section xref:env-vars[].
+
diff --git a/docs/manual/customize-kernel-config.txt b/docs/manual/customize-kernel-config.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bafe46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/customize-kernel-config.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Customizing the Linux kernel configuration
+------------------------------------------
+
+The Linux kernel configuration can be customized just like
+xref:busybox-custom[BusyBox] and xref:uclibc-custom[uClibc] using
++make linux-menuconfig+. Make sure you have enabled the kernel build
+in +make menuconfig+ first. Once done, run +make+ to (re)build
+everything.
+
+If you want to use an existing config file for Linux, then see
+xref:env-vars[].
+
diff --git a/docs/manual/customize-rootfs.txt b/docs/manual/customize-rootfs.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf3ca6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/customize-rootfs.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+Customizing the generated target filesystem
+-------------------------------------------
+
+There are a few ways to customize the resulting target filesystem:
+
+* Customize the target filesystem directly and rebuild the image. The
+ target filesystem is available under +output/target/+. You can
+ simply make your changes here and run make afterwards - this will
+ rebuild the target filesystem image. This method allows you to do
+ anything to the target filesystem, but if you decide to completely
+ rebuild your toolchain and tools, these changes will be lost.
+
+* Create your own 'target skeleton'. You can start with the default
+ skeleton available under +fs/skeleton+ and then customize it to suit
+ your needs. The +BR2_ROOTFS_SKELETON_CUSTOM+ and
+ +BR2_ROOTFS_SKELETON_CUSTOM_PATH+ will allow you to specify the
+ location of your custom skeleton. At build time, the contents of the
+ skeleton are copied to output/target before any package
+ installation.
+
+* In the Buildroot configuration, you can specify the path to a
+ post-build script, that gets called 'after' Buildroot builds all the
+ selected software, but 'before' the rootfs packages are
+ assembled. The destination root filesystem folder is given as the
+ first argument to this script, and this script can then be used to
+ copy programs, static data or any other needed file to your target
+ filesystem.<br/>You should, however, use this feature with care.
+ Whenever you find that a certain package generates wrong or unneeded
+ files, you should fix that package rather than work around it with a
+ post-build cleanup script.
+
+* A special package, 'customize', stored in +package/customize+ can be
+ used. You can put all the files that you want to see in the final
+ target root filesystem in +package/customize/source+, and then
+ enable this special package in the configuration system.
+
diff --git a/docs/manual/customize-uclibc-config.txt b/docs/manual/customize-uclibc-config.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2e6799
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/customize-uclibc-config.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Customizing the uClibc configuration
+------------------------------------
+[[uclibc-custom]]
+
+Just like xref:busybox-custom[BusyBox], http://www.uclibc.org/[uClibc]
+offers a lot of configuration options. They allow you to select
+various functionalities depending on your needs and limitations.
+
+The easiest way to modify the configuration of uClibc is to
+follow these steps:
+
+* Do an initial compilation of Buildroot without trying to customize
+ uClibc.
+
+* Invoke +make uclibc-menuconfig+. The nice configuration assistant,
+ similar to the one used in the Linux kernel or Buildroot,
+ appears. Make your configuration changes as appropriate.
+
+* Copy the +$(O)/toolchain/uclibc-VERSION/.config+ file to a different
+ place (like +toolchain/uClibc/uClibc-myconfig.config+, or
+ +board/mymanufacturer/myboard/uClibc.config+) and adjust the uClibc
+ configuration (configuration option +BR2_UCLIBC_CONFIG+) to use this
+ configuration instead of the default one.
+
+* Run the compilation of Buildroot again.
+
+Otherwise, you can simply change +toolchain/uClibc/uClibc.config+,
+without running the configuration assistant.
+
+If you want to use an existing config file for uclibc, then see
+xref:env-vars[].
+
diff --git a/docs/manual/customize.txt b/docs/manual/customize.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9f4dfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/customize.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Customization
+=============
+
+include::customize-rootfs.txt[]
+
+include::customize-busybox-config.txt[]
+
+include::customize-uclibc-config.txt[]
+
+include::customize-kernel-config.txt[]
diff --git a/docs/manual/download-location.txt b/docs/manual/download-location.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb6147f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/download-location.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Location of downloaded packages
+===============================
+
+It might be useful to know that the various tarballs that are
+downloaded by the Makefiles are all stored in the +DL_DIR+ which by
+default is the +dl+ directory. It's useful, for example, if you want
+to keep a complete version of Buildroot which is known to be working
+with the associated tarballs. This will allow you to regenerate the
+toolchain and the target filesystem with exactly the same versions.
+
+If you maintain several Buildroot trees, it might be better to have a
+shared download location. This can be accessed by creating a symbolic
+link from the +dl+ directory to the shared download location:
+
+-----------------
+ $ ln -s <shared download location> dl
+-----------------
+
+Another way of accessing a shared download location is to create the
++BUILDROOT_DL_DIR+ environment variable. If this is set, then the
+value of DL_DIR in the project is overridden. The following line
+should be added to +<~/.bashrc>+.
+
+-----------------
+ $ export BUILDROOT_DL_DIR <shared download location>
+-----------------
diff --git a/docs/manual/external-toolchain.txt b/docs/manual/external-toolchain.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a5b011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/external-toolchain.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+Using an external toolchain
+===========================
+
+Using an already existing toolchain is useful for different
+reasons:
+
+* you already have a toolchain that is known to work for your specific
+ CPU
+
+* you want to speed up the Buildroot build process by skipping the
+ long toolchain build part
+
+* the toolchain generation feature of Buildroot is not sufficiently
+ flexible for you (for example if you need to generate a system with
+ 'glibc' instead of 'uClibc')
+
+Buildroot supports using existing toolchains through a mechanism
+called 'external toolchain'. The external toolchain mechanism is
+enabled in the +Toolchain+ menu, by selecting +External toolchain+ in
++Toolchain type+.
+
+Then, you have three solutions to use an external toolchain:
+
+* Use a predefined external toolchain profile, and let Buildroot
+ download, extract and install the toolchain. Buildroot already knows
+ about a few CodeSourcery toolchains for ARM, PowerPC, MIPS and
+ SuperH. Just select the toolchain profile in +Toolchain+ through the
+ available ones. This is definitely the easiest solution.
+
+* Use a predefined external toolchain profile, but instead of having
+ Buildroot download and extract the toolchain, you can tell Buildroot
+ where your toolchain is already installed on your system. Just
+ select the toolchain profile in +Toolchain+ through the available
+ ones, unselect +Download toolchain automatically+, and fill the
+ +Toolchain path+ text entry with the path to your cross-compiling
+ toolchain.
+
+* Use a completely custom external toolchain. This is particularly
+ useful for toolchains generated using Crosstool-NG. To do this,
+ select the +Custom toolchain+ solution in the +Toolchain+ list. You
+ need to fill the +Toolchain path+, +Toolchain prefix+ and +External
+ toolchain C library+ options. Then, you have to tell Buildroot what
+ your external toolchain supports. If your external toolchain uses
+ the 'glibc' library, you only have to tell whether your toolchain
+ supports C++ or not. If your external toolchain uses the 'uclibc'
+ library, then you have to tell Buildroot if it supports largefile,
+ IPv6, RPC, wide-char, locale, program invocation, threads and
+ C++. At the beginning of the execution, Buildroot will tell you if
+ the selected options do not match the toolchain configuration.
+
+
+Our external toolchain support has been tested with toolchains from
+CodeSourcery, toolchains generated by
+http://ymorin.is-a-geek.org/dokuwiki/projects/crosstool[Crosstool-NG],
+and toolchains generated by Buildroot itself. In general, all
+toolchains that support the 'sysroot' feature should work. If not, do
+not hesitate to contact the developers.
+
+We do not support toolchains from the
+http://www.denx.de/wiki/DULG/ELDK[ELDK] of Denx, for two reasons:
+
+* The ELDK does not contain a pure toolchain (i.e just the compiler,
+ binutils, the C and C++ libraries), but a toolchain that comes with
+ a very large set of pre-compiled libraries and programs. Therefore,
+ Buildroot cannot import the 'sysroot' of the toolchain, as it would
+ contain hundreds of megabytes of pre-compiled libraries that are
+ normally built by Buildroot.
+
+* The ELDK toolchains have a completely non-standard custom mechanism
+ to handle multiple library variants. Instead of using the standard
+ GCC 'multilib' mechanism, the ARM ELDK uses different symbolic links
+ to the compiler to differentiate between library variants (for ARM
+ soft-float and ARM VFP), and the PowerPC ELDK compiler uses a
+ +CROSS_COMPILE+ environment variable. This non-standard behaviour
+ makes it difficult to support ELDK in Buildroot.
+
+We also do not support using the distribution toolchain (i.e the
+gcc/binutils/C library installed by your distribution) as the
+toolchain to build software for the target. This is because your
+distribution toolchain is not a "pure" toolchain (i.e only with the
+C/C++ library), so we cannot import it properly into the Buildroot
+build environment. So even if you are building a system for a x86 or
+x86_64 target, you have to generate a cross-compilation toolchain with
+Buildroot or Crosstool-NG.
diff --git a/docs/manual/getting.txt b/docs/manual/getting.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42ca009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/getting.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Getting Buildroot
+=================
+
+Buildroot releases are made approximately every 3 months. Direct Git
+access and daily snapshots are also available, if you want more
+bleeding edge.
+
+Releases are available at http://buildroot.net/downloads/[].
+
+The latest snapshot is always available at
+http://buildroot.net/downloads/snapshots/buildroot-snapshot.tar.bz2[],
+and previous snapshots are also available at
+http://buildroot.net/downloads/snapshots/[].
+
+To download Buildroot using Git, you can simply follow the rules
+described on the "Accessing Git" page
+(http://buildroot.net/git.html[]) of the Buildroot website
+(http://buildroot.net[]). For the impatient, here's a quick recipe:
+
+---------------------
+ $ git clone git://git.buildroot.net/buildroot
+---------------------
+
diff --git a/docs/manual/how-buildroot-works.txt b/docs/manual/how-buildroot-works.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..481e5a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/how-buildroot-works.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+How Buildroot works
+===================
+
+As mentioned above, Buildroot is basically a set of Makefiles that
+download, configure, and compile software with the correct options. It
+also includes patches for various software packages - mainly the ones
+involved in the cross-compilation tool chain (+gcc+, +binutils+ and
++uClibc+).
+
+There is basically one Makefile per software package, and they are
+named with the +.mk+ extension. Makefiles are split into three main
+sections:
+
+* *toolchain* (in the +toolchain/+ directory) contains the Makefiles
+ and associated files for all software related to the
+ cross-compilation toolchain: +binutils+, +gcc+, +gdb+,
+ +kernel-headers+ and +uClibc+.
+
+* *package* (in the +package/+ directory) contains the Makefiles and
+ associated files for all user-space tools that Buildroot can compile
+ and add to the target root filesystem. There is one sub-directory
+ per tool.
+
+* *target* (in the +target+ directory) contains the Makefiles and
+ associated files for software related to the generation of the
+ target root filesystem image. Four types of filesystems are
+ supported: ext2, jffs2, cramfs and squashfs. For each of them there
+ is a sub-directory with the required files. There is also a
+ +default/+ directory that contains the target filesystem skeleton.
+
+Each directory contains at least 2 files:
+
+* +something.mk+ is the Makefile that downloads, configures,
+ compiles and installs the package +something+.
+
+* +Config.in+ is a part of the configuration tool
+ description file. It describes the options related to the
+ package.
+
+The main Makefile performs the following steps (once the
+configuration is done):
+
+* Create all the output directories: +staging+, +target+, +build+,
+ +stamps+, etc. in the output directory (+output/+ by default,
+ another value can be specified using +O=+)
+
+* Generate all the targets listed in the +BASE_TARGETS+ variable. When
+ an internal toolchain is used, this means generating the
+ cross-compilation toolchain. When an external toolchain is used,
+ this means checking the features of the external toolchain and
+ importing it into the Buildroot environment.
+
+* Generate all the targets listed in the +TARGETS+ variable. This
+ variable is filled by all the individual components'
+ Makefiles. Generating these targets will trigger the compilation of
+ the userspace packages (libraries, programs), the kernel, the
+ bootloader and the generation of the root filesystem images,
+ depending on the configuration.
+
diff --git a/docs/manual/introduction.txt b/docs/manual/introduction.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..476ce25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/introduction.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+About Buildroot
+===============
+
+Buildroot is a set of Makefiles and patches that allows you to easily
+generate a cross-compilation toolchain, a root filesystem and a Linux
+kernel image for your target. Buildroot can be used for one, two or
+all of these options, independently.
+
+Buildroot is useful mainly for people working with embedded systems.
+Embedded systems often use processors that are not the regular x86
+processors everyone is used to having in his PC. They can be PowerPC
+processors, MIPS processors, ARM processors, etc.
+
+A compilation toolchain is the set of tools that allows you to compile
+code for your system. It consists of a compiler (in our case, +gcc+),
+binary utils like assembler and linker (in our case, +binutils+) and a
+C standard library (for example
+http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html[GNU Libc],
+http://www.uclibc.org/[uClibc] or
+http://www.fefe.de/dietlibc/[dietlibc]). The system installed on your
+development station certainly already has a compilation toolchain that
+you can use to compile an application that runs on your system. If
+you're using a PC, your compilation toolchain runs on an x86 processor
+and generates code for an x86 processor. Under most Linux systems, the
+compilation toolchain uses the GNU libc (glibc) as the C standard
+library. This compilation toolchain is called the "host compilation
+toolchain". The machine on which it is running, and on which you're
+working, is called the "host system". The compilation toolchain is
+provided by your distribution, and Buildroot has nothing to do with it
+(other than using it to build a cross-compilation toolchain and other
+tools that are run on the development host).
+
+As said above, the compilation toolchain that comes with your system
+runs on and generates code for the processor in your host system. As
+your embedded system has a different processor, you need a
+cross-compilation toolchain - a compilation toolchain that runs on
+your host system but generates code for your target system (and target
+processor). For example, if your host system uses x86 and your target
+system uses ARM, the regular compilation toolchain on your host runs on
+x86 and generates code for x86, while the cross-compilation toolchain
+runs on x86 and generates code for ARM.
+
+Even if your embedded system uses an x86 processor, you might be
+interested in Buildroot for two reasons:
+
+* The compilation toolchain on your host certainly uses the GNU Libc
+ which is a complete but huge C standard library. Instead of using
+ GNU Libc on your target system, you can use uClibc which is a tiny C
+ standard library. If you want to use this C library, then you need a
+ compilation toolchain to generate binaries linked with it. Buildroot
+ can do that for you.
+
+* Buildroot automates the building of a root filesystem with all
+ needed tools like busybox. That makes it much easier than doing it
+ by hand.
+
+You might wonder why such a tool is needed when you can compile +gcc+,
++binutils+, +uClibc+ and all the other tools by hand. Of course doing
+so is possible but, dealing with all of the configure options and
+problems of every +gcc+ or +binutils+ version is very time-consuming
+and uninteresting. Buildroot automates this process through the use
+of Makefiles and has a collection of patches for each +gcc+ and
++binutils+ version to make them work on most architectures.
+
+Moreover, Buildroot provides an infrastructure for reproducing the
+build process of your kernel, cross-toolchain, and embedded root
+filesystem. Being able to reproduce the build process will be useful
+when a component needs to be patched or updated or when another person
+is supposed to take over the project.
diff --git a/docs/manual/manual.txt b/docs/manual/manual.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10ce695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/manual.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+The Buildroot user manual
+=========================
+:toc:
+
+Buildroot usage and documentation by Thomas Petazzoni. Contributions
+from Karsten Kruse, Ned Ludd, Martin Herren and others.
+
+image::logo.png[]
+
+:leveloffset: 1
+
+include::introduction.txt[]
+
+include::getting.txt[]
+
+include::using.txt[]
+
+include::customize.txt[]
+
+include::rebuilding-packages.txt[]
+
+include::how-buildroot-works.txt[]
+
+include::using-buildroot-toolchain.txt[]
+
+include::external-toolchain.txt[]
+
+include::ccache-support.txt[]
+
+include::download-location.txt[]
+
+include::adding-packages.txt[]
diff --git a/docs/manual/rebuilding-packages.txt b/docs/manual/rebuilding-packages.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a41a88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/rebuilding-packages.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+Understanding how to rebuild packages
+=====================================
+
+One of the most common questions asked by Buildroot users is how to
+rebuild a given package or how to remove a package without rebuilding
+everything from scratch.
+
+Removing a package is currently unsupported by Buildroot without
+rebuilding from scratch. This is because Buildroot doesn't keep track
+of which package installs what files in the +output/staging+ and
++output/target+ directories. However, implementing clean package
+removal is on the TODO-list of Buildroot developers.
+
+The easiest way to rebuild a single package from scratch is to remove
+its build directory in +output/build+. Buildroot will then re-extract,
+re-configure, re-compile and re-install this package from scratch.
+
+However, if you don't want to rebuild the package completely from
+scratch, a better understanding of the Buildroot internals is
+needed. Internally, to keep track of which steps have been done and
+which steps remain to be done, Buildroot maintains stamp files (empty
+files that just tell whether this or that action has been done). The
+problem is that these stamp files are not uniformly named and handled
+by the different packages, so some understanding of the particular
+package is needed.
+
+For packages relying on Buildroot packages infrastructures (see
+xref:add-packages[this section] for details), the following stamp
+files are relevant:
+
+* +output/build/packagename-version/.stamp_configured+. If removed,
+ Buildroot will trigger the recompilation of the package from the
+ configuration step (execution of +./configure+).
+
+* +output/build/packagename-version/.stamp_built+. If removed,
+ Buildroot will trigger the recompilation of the package from the
+ compilation step (execution of +make+).
+
+For other packages, an analysis of the specific 'package.mk' file is
+needed. For example, the zlib Makefile used to look like this (before
+it was converted to the generic package infrastructure):
+
+-----------------
+$(ZLIB_DIR)/.configured: $(ZLIB_DIR)/.patched
+ (cd $(ZLIB_DIR); rm -rf config.cache; \
+ [...]
+ )
+ touch $@
+
+$(ZLIB_DIR)/libz.a: $(ZLIB_DIR)/.configured
+ $(MAKE) -C $(ZLIB_DIR) all libz.a
+ touch -c $@
+-----------------
+
+If you want to trigger the reconfiguration, you need to remove
++output/build/zlib-version/.configured+. If you want to trigger only
+the recompilation, you need to remove
++output/build/zlib-version/libz.a+.
+
+Note that most packages, if not all, will progressively be ported over
+to the generic or autotools infrastructure, making it much easier to
+rebuild individual packages.
diff --git a/docs/manual/using-buildroot-toolchain.txt b/docs/manual/using-buildroot-toolchain.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..712e9a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/using-buildroot-toolchain.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Using the generated toolchain outside Buildroot
+===============================================
+
+You may want to compile, for your target, your own programs or other
+software that are not packaged in Buildroot. In order to do this you
+can use the toolchain that was generated by Buildroot.
+
+The toolchain generated by Buildroot is located by default in
++output/host/+. The simplest way to use it is to add
++output/host/usr/bin/+ to your PATH environment variable and then to
+use +ARCH-linux-gcc+, +ARCH-linux-objdump+, +ARCH-linux-ld+, etc.
+
+It is possible to relocate the toolchain - but then +--sysroot+ must
+be passed every time the compiler is called to tell where the
+libraries and header files are.
+
+It is also possible to generate the Buildroot toolchain in a directory
+other than +output/host+ by using the +Build options -> Host dir+
+option. This could be useful if the toolchain must be shared with
+other users.
diff --git a/docs/manual/using.txt b/docs/manual/using.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d7f0a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/manual/using.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+Using Buildroot
+===============
+
+Configuration and general usage
+-------------------------------
+
+Buildroot has a nice configuration tool similar to the one you can
+find in the http://www.kernel.org/[Linux kernel] or in
+http://www.busybox.org/[Busybox]. Note that you can (and should) build
+everything as a normal user. There is no need to be root to configure
+and use Buildroot. The first step is to run the configuration
+assistant:
+
+--------------------
+ $ make menuconfig
+--------------------
+
+to run the curses-based configurator, or
+
+--------------------
+ $ make xconfig
+--------------------
+
+or
+
+--------------------
+ $ make gconfig
+--------------------
+
+to run the Qt or GTK-based configurators.
+
+All of these "make" commands will need to build a configuration
+utility, so you may need to install "development" packages for
+relevant libraries used by the configuration utilities. On Debian-like
+systems, the +libncurses5-dev+ package is required to use the
+'menuconfig' interface, +libqt4-dev+ is required to use the 'xconfig'
+interface, and +libglib2.0-dev, libgtk2.0-dev and libglade2-dev+ are
+needed to use the 'gconfig' interface.
+
+For each menu entry in the configuration tool, you can find associated
+help that describes the purpose of the entry.
+
+Once everything is configured, the configuration tool generates a
++.config+ file that contains the description of your
+configuration. It will be used by the Makefiles to do what's needed.
+
+Let's go:
+
+--------------------
+ $ make
+--------------------
+
+You *should never* use +make -jN+ with Buildroot: it does not support
+'top-level parallel make'. Instead, use the +BR2_JLEVEL+ option to
+tell Buildroot to run each package compilation with +make -jN+.
+
+This command will generally perform the following steps:
+
+* Download source files (as required)
+* Configure, build and install the cross-compiling toolchain if an
+ internal toolchain is used, or import a toolchain if an external
+ toolchain is used
+* Build/install selected target packages
+* Build a kernel image, if selected
+* Build a bootloader image, if selected
+* Create a root filesystem in selected formats
+
+Buildroot output is stored in a single directory, +output/+.
+This directory contains several subdirectories:
+
+* +images/+ where all the images (kernel image, bootloader and root
+ filesystem images) are stored.
+
+* +build/+ where all the components except for the cross-compilation
+ toolchain are built (this includes tools needed to run Buildroot on
+ the host and packages compiled for the target). The +build/+
+ directory contains one subdirectory for each of these components.
+
+* +staging/+ which contains a hierarchy similar to a root filesystem
+ hierarchy. This directory contains the installation of the
+ cross-compilation toolchain and all the userspace packages selected
+ for the target. However, this directory is 'not' intended to be
+ the root filesystem for the target: it contains a lot of development
+ files, unstripped binaries and libraries that make it far too big
+ for an embedded system. These development files are used to compile
+ libraries and applications for the target that depend on other
+ libraries.
+
+* +target/+ which contains 'almost' the complete root filesystem for
+ the target: everything needed is present except the device files in
+ +/dev/+ (Buildroot can't create them because Buildroot doesn't run
+ as root and doesn't want to run as root). Therefore, this directory
+ *should not be used on your target*. Instead, you should use one of
+ the images built in the +images/+ directory. If you need an
+ extracted image of the root filesystem for booting over NFS, then
+ use the tarball image generated in +images/+ and extract it as
+ root. Compared to +staging/+, +target/+ contains only the files and
+ libraries needed to run the selected target applications: the
+ development files (headers, etc.) are not present, unless the
+ +development files in target filesystem+ option is selected.
+
+* +host/+ contains the installation of tools compiled for the host
+ that are needed for the proper execution of Buildroot, including the
+ cross-compilation toolchain.
+
+* +toolchain/+ contains the build directories for the various
+ components of the cross-compilation toolchain.
+
+Offline builds
+--------------
+
+If you intend to do an offline build and just want to download
+all sources that you previously selected in the configurator
+('menuconfig', 'xconfig' or 'gconfig'), then issue:
+
+--------------------
+ $ make source
+--------------------
+
+You can now disconnect or copy the content of your +dl+
+directory to the build-host.
+
+Building out-of-tree
+--------------------
+
+Buildroot supports building out of tree with a syntax similar to the
+Linux kernel. To use it, add +O=<directory>+ to the make command line:
+
+--------------------
+ $ make O=/tmp/build
+--------------------
+
+Or:
+
+--------------------
+ $ cd /tmp/build; make O=$PWD -C path/to/buildroot
+--------------------
+
+All the output files will be located under +/tmp/build+.
+
+When using out-of-tree builds, the Buildroot +.config+ and temporary
+files are also stored in the output directory. This means that you can
+safely run multiple builds in parallel using the same source tree as
+long as they use unique output directories.
+
+For ease of use, Buildroot generates a Makefile wrapper in the output
+directory - So after the first run, you no longer need to pass +O=..+
+and +-C ..+, simply run (in the output directory):
+
+--------------------
+ $ make <target>
+--------------------
+
+Environment variables
+---------------------
+[[env-vars]]
+
+Buildroot also honors some environment variables, when they are passed
+to +make+ or set in the environment:
+
+* +HOSTCXX+, the host C++ compiler to use
+* +HOSTCC+, the host C compiler to use
+* +UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE=<path/to/.config>+, path to
+ the uClibc configuration file, used to compile uClibc, if an
+ internal toolchain is being built
+* +BUSYBOX_CONFIG_FILE=<path/to/.config>+, path to
+ the Busybox configuration file
+* +BUILDROOT_DL_DIR+ to override the directory in which
+ Buildroot stores/retrieves downloaded files
+
+An example that uses config files located in the toplevel directory and
+in your $HOME:
+
+--------------------
+ $ make UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE=uClibc.config BUSYBOX_CONFIG_FILE=$HOME/bb.config
+--------------------
+
+If you want to use a compiler other than the default +gcc+
+or +g+++ for building helper-binaries on your host, then do
+
+--------------------
+ $ make HOSTCXX=g++-4.3-HEAD HOSTCC=gcc-4.3-HEAD
+--------------------
--
1.7.4.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 7+ messages in thread* [Buildroot] [PATCH 2/4] manual: provide make targets to build the documentation
2011-08-31 21:54 [Buildroot] [pull request v2] Pull request for branch for-2011.11/asciidoc-manual Thomas Petazzoni
2011-08-31 21:54 ` [Buildroot] [PATCH 1/4] manual: convert existing documentation to the asciidoc format Thomas Petazzoni
@ 2011-08-31 21:54 ` Thomas Petazzoni
2011-09-05 7:19 ` Arnout Vandecappelle
2011-08-31 21:54 ` [Buildroot] [PATCH 3/4] remove the old buildroot.html documentation Thomas Petazzoni
2011-08-31 21:54 ` [Buildroot] [PATCH 4/4] remove Glibc_vs_uClibc document Thomas Petazzoni
3 siblings, 1 reply; 7+ messages in thread
From: Thomas Petazzoni @ 2011-08-31 21:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: buildroot
Special thanks for Yann E. Morin for giving input and suggestions to
implement this.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
---
Makefile | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
1 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 9ed46fc..c1329b3 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -665,10 +665,18 @@ ifeq ($(BR2_TARGET_BAREBOX),y)
@echo ' barebox-savedefconfig - Run barebox savedefconfig'
endif
@echo
+ @echo 'Documentation:'
+ @echo ' manual - build manual in HTML, splitted HTML, PDF and txt'
+ @echo ' manual-html - build manual in HTML'
+ @echo ' manual-splitted-html - build manual in splitted HTML'
+ @echo ' manual-pdf - build manual in PDF'
+ @echo ' manual-txt - build manual in txt'
+ @echo
@echo 'Miscellaneous:'
@echo ' source - download all sources needed for offline-build'
@echo ' source-check - check all packages for valid download URLs'
@echo ' external-deps - list external packages used'
+ @echo ' manual - build the Buildroot manual'
@echo
@echo ' make V=0|1 - 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build'
@echo ' make O=dir - Locate all output files in "dir", including .config'
@@ -676,7 +684,7 @@ endif
@$(foreach b, $(sort $(notdir $(wildcard $(TOPDIR)/configs/*_defconfig))), \
printf " %-35s - Build for %s\\n" $(b) $(b:_defconfig=);)
@echo
- @echo 'See docs/README and docs/buildroot.html for further details'
+ @echo 'See docs/README and the Buildroot manual for further details'
@echo
release: OUT=buildroot-$(BR2_VERSION)
@@ -684,5 +692,34 @@ release: OUT=buildroot-$(BR2_VERSION)
release:
git archive --format=tar --prefix=$(OUT)/ master|gzip -9 >$(OUT).tar.gz
+MANUAL_SOURCES = $(wildcard docs/manual/*.txt)
+
+manual: manual-html manual-splitted-html manual-pdf manual-txt
+
+manual-html: $(MANUAL_SOURCES)
+ @echo "HTML manual..."
+ $(Q)mkdir -p $(O)/docs/manual
+ $(Q)cp -f docs/images/logo.png $(O)/docs/manual/
+ $(Q)asciidoc -b xhtml11 -d book -o $(O)/docs/manual/manual.html \
+ docs/manual/manual.txt
+
+manual-splitted-html: $(MANUAL_SOURCES)
+ @echo "Splited HTML manual..."
+ $(Q)mkdir -p $(O)/docs/manual
+ $(Q)a2x -f chunked -d book -L docs/manual/manual.txt -r docs/images \
+ -D $(O)/docs/manual/
+
+manual-pdf: $(MANUAL_SOURCES)
+ @echo "PDF manual..."
+ $(Q)mkdir -p $(O)/docs/manual
+ $(Q)a2x --dblatex-opts "-P latex.output.revhistory=0" -f pdf -d book -L docs/manual/manual.txt \
+ -D $(O)/docs/manual/
+
+manual-txt: $(MANUAL_SOURCES)
+ @echo "Text manual..."
+ $(Q)mkdir -p $(O)/docs/manual
+ $(Q)a2x -f text -d book -L docs/manual/manual.txt \
+ -D $(O)/docs/manual
+
.PHONY: $(noconfig_targets)
--
1.7.4.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 7+ messages in thread
* [Buildroot] [PATCH 2/4] manual: provide make targets to build the documentation
2011-08-31 21:54 ` [Buildroot] [PATCH 2/4] manual: provide make targets to build the documentation Thomas Petazzoni
@ 2011-09-05 7:19 ` Arnout Vandecappelle
2011-09-05 15:19 ` Thomas Petazzoni
0 siblings, 1 reply; 7+ messages in thread
From: Arnout Vandecappelle @ 2011-09-05 7:19 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: buildroot
On Wednesday 31 August 2011 23:54:20, Thomas Petazzoni wrote:
> +manual-splitted-html: $(MANUAL_SOURCES)
> + @echo "Splited HTML manual..."
I don't think 'splitted' is proper English; it should be 'split'.
Regards,
Arnout
--
Arnout Vandecappelle arnout at mind be
Senior Embedded Software Architect +32-16-286540
Essensium/Mind http://www.mind.be
G.Geenslaan 9, 3001 Leuven, Belgium BE 872 984 063 RPR Leuven
LinkedIn profile: http://www.linkedin.com/in/arnoutvandecappelle
GPG fingerprint: 31BB CF53 8660 6F88 345D 54CC A836 5879 20D7 CF43
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 7+ messages in thread
* [Buildroot] [PATCH 2/4] manual: provide make targets to build the documentation
2011-09-05 7:19 ` Arnout Vandecappelle
@ 2011-09-05 15:19 ` Thomas Petazzoni
0 siblings, 0 replies; 7+ messages in thread
From: Thomas Petazzoni @ 2011-09-05 15:19 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: buildroot
Hello Arnout,
Le Mon, 5 Sep 2011 09:19:36 +0200,
Arnout Vandecappelle <arnout@mind.be> a ?crit :
> On Wednesday 31 August 2011 23:54:20, Thomas Petazzoni wrote:
> > +manual-splitted-html: $(MANUAL_SOURCES)
> > + @echo "Splited HTML manual..."
>
> I don't think 'splitted' is proper English; it should be 'split'.
This is very possible. I have fixed the Makefile, and also added
support to generate the documentation in the epub format. I've pushed
this new version at the same location.
Thanks!
Thomas
--
Thomas Petazzoni, Free Electrons
Kernel, drivers, real-time and embedded Linux
development, consulting, training and support.
http://free-electrons.com
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 7+ messages in thread
* [Buildroot] [PATCH 3/4] remove the old buildroot.html documentation
2011-08-31 21:54 [Buildroot] [pull request v2] Pull request for branch for-2011.11/asciidoc-manual Thomas Petazzoni
2011-08-31 21:54 ` [Buildroot] [PATCH 1/4] manual: convert existing documentation to the asciidoc format Thomas Petazzoni
2011-08-31 21:54 ` [Buildroot] [PATCH 2/4] manual: provide make targets to build the documentation Thomas Petazzoni
@ 2011-08-31 21:54 ` Thomas Petazzoni
2011-08-31 21:54 ` [Buildroot] [PATCH 4/4] remove Glibc_vs_uClibc document Thomas Petazzoni
3 siblings, 0 replies; 7+ messages in thread
From: Thomas Petazzoni @ 2011-08-31 21:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: buildroot
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
---
docs/buildroot.html | 1819 ---------------------------------------------------
1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 1819 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 docs/buildroot.html
diff --git a/docs/buildroot.html b/docs/buildroot.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 2314d10..0000000
--- a/docs/buildroot.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1819 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html lang="en">
-
-<head>
- <title>Buildroot - Usage and documentation</title>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
- <link rel="stylesheet" href="stylesheet.css">
-</head>
-
-<body>
- <div class="main">
- <div class="titre">
- <h1>Buildroot</h1>
- </div>
-
- <p><a href="http://buildroot.net/">Buildroot</a> usage and documentation
- by Thomas Petazzoni. Contributions from Karsten Kruse, Ned Ludd, Martin
- Herren and others.</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><a href="#about">About Buildroot</a></li>
- <li><a href="#download">Obtaining Buildroot</a></li>
- <li><a href="#using">Using Buildroot</a></li>
- <li><a href="#custom_targetfs">Customizing the generated target filesystem</a></li>
- <li><a href="#custom_busybox">Customizing the Busybox configuration</a></li>
- <li><a href="#custom_uclibc">Customizing the uClibc configuration</a></li>
- <li><a href="#custom_linux26">Customizing the Linux kernel configuration</a></li>
- <li><a href="#rebuilding_packages">Understanding how to rebuild packages</a></li>
- <li><a href="#buildroot_innards">How Buildroot works</a></li>
- <li><a href="#using_toolchain">Using the uClibc toolchain outside Buildroot</a></li>
- <li><a href="#external_toolchain">Use an external toolchain</a></li>
- <li><a href="#ccache-support">Using <code>ccache</code> in Buildroot</li>
- <li><a href="#downloaded_packages">Location of downloaded packages</a></li>
- <li><a href="#add_packages">Adding new packages to Buildroot</a></li>
- <li><a href="#board_support">Creating your own board support</a></li>
- <li><a href="#faq">Frequently asked questions</a></li>
- <li><a href="#links">Resources</a></li>
- </ul>
-
- <h2 id="about">About Buildroot</h2>
-
- <p>Buildroot is a set of Makefiles and patches that allows you to easily
- generate a cross-compilation toolchain, a root filesystem and a Linux
- kernel image for your target. Buildroot can be used for one, two or all
- of these options, independently.</p>
-
- <p>Buildroot is useful mainly for people working with embedded systems.
- Embedded systems often use processors that are not the regular x86
- processors everyone is used to having in his PC. They can be PowerPC
- processors, MIPS processors, ARM processors, etc.</p>
-
- <p>A compilation toolchain is the set of tools that allows you to
- compile code for your system. It consists of a compiler (in our case,
- <code>gcc</code>), binary utils like assembler and linker (in our case,
- <code>binutils</code>) and a C standard library (for example
- <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html">GNU Libc</a>,
- <a href="http://www.uclibc.org/">uClibc</a> or
- <a href="http://www.fefe.de/dietlibc/">dietlibc</a>). The system installed
- on your development station certainly already has a compilation
- toolchain that you can use to compile an application that runs on your
- system. If you're using a PC, your compilation toolchain runs on an x86
- processor and generates code for an x86 processor. Under most Linux
- systems, the compilation toolchain uses the GNU libc (glibc) as the C
- standard library. This compilation toolchain is called the "host
- compilation toolchain". The machine on which it is running, and on
- which you're working, is called the "host system". The
- compilation toolchain is provided by your distribution, and Buildroot
- has nothing to do with it (other than using it to build a
- cross-compilation toolchain and other tools that are run on the
- development host).</p>
-
- <p>As said above, the compilation toolchain that comes with your system
- runs on and generates code for the processor in your host system. As
- your embedded system has a different processor, you need a
- cross-compilation toolchain — a compilation toolchain that runs on
- your host system but generates code for your target system (and target
- processor). For example, if your host system uses x86 and your target
- system uses ARM, the regular compilation toolchain on your host runs on
- x86 and generates code for x86, while the cross-compilation toolchain
- runs on x86 and generates code for ARM.</p>
-
- <p>Even if your embedded system uses an x86 processor, you might be
- interested in Buildroot for two reasons:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>The compilation toolchain on your host certainly uses the GNU Libc
- which is a complete but huge C standard library. Instead of using GNU
- Libc on your target system, you can use uClibc which is a tiny C
- standard library. If you want to use this C library, then you need a
- compilation toolchain to generate binaries linked with it. Buildroot
- can do that for you.</li>
-
- <li>Buildroot automates the building of a root filesystem with all needed
- tools like busybox. That makes it much easier than doing it by hand.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>You might wonder why such a tool is needed when you can compile
- <code>gcc</code>, <code>binutils</code>, <code>uClibc</code> and all
- the other tools by hand. Of course doing so is possible but, dealing with
- all of the configure options and problems of every <code>gcc</code> or
- <code>binutils</code> version is very time-consuming and uninteresting.
- Buildroot automates this process through the use of Makefiles and has a
- collection of patches for each <code>gcc</code> and <code>binutils</code>
- version to make them work on most architectures.</p>
-
- <p>Moreover, Buildroot provides an infrastructure for reproducing
- the build process of your kernel, cross-toolchain, and embedded root
- filesystem. Being able to reproduce the build process will be useful when a
- component needs to be patched or updated or when another person is supposed
- to take over the project.</p>
-
- <h2 id="download">Obtaining Buildroot</h2>
-
- <p>Buildroot releases are made approximately every 3
- months. Direct Git access and daily snapshots are also
- available, if you want more bleeding edge.</p>
-
- <p>Releases are available at
- <a href="http://buildroot.net/downloads/">http://buildroot.net/downloads/</a>.</p>
-
- <p>The latest snapshot is always available at
- <a href="http://buildroot.net/downloads/snapshots/buildroot-snapshot.tar.bz2">http://buildroot.net/downloads/snapshots/buildroot-snapshot.tar.bz2</a>,
- and previous snapshots are also available at
- <a href="http://buildroot.net/downloads/snapshots/">http://buildroot.net/downloads/snapshots/</a>.</p>
-
- <p>To download Buildroot using Git, you can simply follow
- the rules described on the "Accessing Git" page
- (<a href= "http://buildroot.net/git.html">http://buildroot.net/git.html</a>)
- of the Buildroot website
- (<a href="http://buildroot.net">http://buildroot.net</a>).
- For the impatient, here's a quick recipe:</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ git clone git://git.buildroot.net/buildroot
-</pre>
-
- <h2 id="using">Using Buildroot</h2>
-
- <p>Buildroot has a nice configuration tool similar to the one you can find
- in the Linux kernel
- (<a href="http://www.kernel.org/">http://www.kernel.org/</a>) or in Busybox
- (<a href="http://www.busybox.org/">http://www.busybox.org/</a>). Note that
- you can (and should) build everything as a normal user. There is no need to
- be root to configure and use Buildroot. The first step is to run the
- configuration assistant:</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ make menuconfig
-</pre>
-
- <p>to run the curses-based configurator, or</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ make xconfig
-</pre>
-
- <p>or</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ make gconfig
-</pre>
-
- <p>to run the Qt or GTK-based configurators.</p>
-
- <p>All of these "make" commands will need to build a configuration
- utility, so you may need to install "development" packages for relevant
- libraries used by the configuration utilities. On Debian-like systems,
- the <code>libncurses5-dev</code> package is required to use the <i>
- menuconfig</i> interface, <code>libqt4-dev</code> is required to use
- the <i>xconfig</i> interface, and <code>libglib2.0-dev, libgtk2.0-dev
- and libglade2-dev</code> are needed to use the <i>gconfig</i> interface.</p>
-
- <p>For each menu entry in the configuration tool, you can find associated
- help that describes the purpose of the entry.</p>
-
- <p>Once everything is configured, the configuration tool generates a
- <code>.config</code> file that contains the description of your
- configuration. It will be used by the Makefiles to do what's needed.</p>
-
-
- <p>Let's go:</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ make
-</pre>
-
- <p>You <b>should never</b> use <code>make -jN</code> with
- Buildroot: it does not support <i>top-level parallel
- make</i>. Instead, use the <code>BR2_JLEVEL</code> option to tell
- Buildroot to run each package compilation with <code>make
- -jN</code>.</p>
-
- <p>This command will generally perform the following steps:</p>
- <ul>
- <li>Download source files (as required)</li>
- <li>Configure, build and install the cross-compiling toolchain
- if an internal toolchain is used, or import a toolchain if an
- external toolchain is used</li>
- <li>Build/install selected target packages</li>
- <li>Build a kernel image, if selected</li>
- <li>Build a bootloader image, if selected</li>
- <li>Create a root filesystem in selected formats</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>Buildroot output is stored in a single directory, <code>output/</code>.
- This directory contains several subdirectories:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>images/</code> where all the images (kernel image,
- bootloader and root filesystem images) are stored.</li>
-
- <li><code>build/</code> where all the components except for the
- cross-compilation toolchain are built (this includes tools needed to
- run Buildroot on the host and packages compiled for the target). The
- <code>build/</code> directory contains one subdirectory for each of
- these components.</li>
-
- <li><code>staging/</code> which contains a hierarchy similar to a root
- filesystem hierarchy. This directory contains the installation of the
- cross-compilation toolchain and all the userspace packages selected
- for the target. However, this directory is <i>not</i> intended to be
- the root filesystem for the target: it contains a lot of development
- files, unstripped binaries and libraries that make it far too big for
- an embedded system. These development files are used to compile
- libraries and applications for the target that depend on other
- libraries.</li>
-
- <li><code>target/</code> which contains <i>almost</i> the complete
- root filesystem for the target: everything needed is present except
- the device files in <code>/dev/</code> (Buildroot can't create them
- because Buildroot doesn't run as root and doesn't want to run as
- root). Therefore, this directory <b>should not be used on your target</b>.
- Instead, you should use one of the images built in the
- <code>images/</code> directory. If you need an extracted image of the
- root filesystem for booting over NFS, then use the tarball image
- generated in <code>images/</code> and extract it as root.<br/>Compared
- to <code>staging/</code>, <code>target/</code> contains only the
- files and libraries needed to run the selected target applications:
- the development files (headers, etc.) are not present, unless the
- <code>development files in target filesystem</code> option is selected.
- </li>
-
- <li><code>host/</code> contains the installation of tools compiled for
- the host that are needed for the proper execution of Buildroot,
- including the cross-compilation toolchain.</li>
-
- <li><code>toolchain/</code> contains the build directories for the
- various components of the cross-compilation toolchain.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <h3 id="offline_builds">Offline builds</h3>
-
- <p>If you intend to do an offline build and just want to download
- all sources that you previously selected in the configurator
- (<i>menuconfig</i>, <i>xconfig</i> or <i>gconfig</i>), then issue:</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ make source
-</pre>
-
- <p>You can now disconnect or copy the content of your <code>dl</code>
- directory to the build-host.</p>
-
- <h3 id="building_out_of_tree">Building out-of-tree</h3>
-
- <p>Buildroot supports building out of tree with a syntax similar to the
- Linux kernel. To use it, add O=<directory> to the make command
- line:</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ make O=/tmp/build
-</pre>
-
- <p>Or:</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ cd /tmp/build; make O=$PWD -C path/to/buildroot
-</pre>
-
- <p>All the output files will be located under <code>/tmp/build</code>.</p>
-
- <p>When using out-of-tree builds, the Buildroot <code>.config</code> and
- temporary files are also stored in the output directory. This means that
- you can safely run multiple builds in parallel using the same source
- tree as long as they use unique output directories.</p>
-
- <p>For ease of use, Buildroot generates a Makefile wrapper in the output
- directory - So after the first run, you no longer need to pass
- <code>O=..</code> and <code>-C ..</code>, simply run (in the output
- directory):</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ make <target>
-</pre>
-
- <h3 id="environment_variables">Environment variables</h3>
-
- <p>Buildroot also honors some environment variables, when they are passed
- to <code>make</code> or set in the environment:</p>
- <ul>
- <li><code>HOSTCXX</code>, the host C++ compiler to use</li>
- <li><code>HOSTCC</code>, the host C compiler to use</li>
- <li><code>UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE=<path/to/.config></code>, path to
- the uClibc configuration file, used to compile uClibc, if an
- internal toolchain is being built</li>
- <li><code>BUSYBOX_CONFIG_FILE=<path/to/.config></code>, path to
- the Busybox configuration file</li>
- <li><code>BUILDROOT_DL_DIR</code> to override the directory in which
- Buildroot stores/retrieves downloaded files</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>An example that uses config files located in the toplevel directory and
- in your $HOME:</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ make UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE=uClibc.config BUSYBOX_CONFIG_FILE=$HOME/bb.config
-</pre>
-
- <p>If you want to use a compiler other than the default <code>gcc</code>
- or <code>g++</code> for building helper-binaries on your host, then do</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ make HOSTCXX=g++-4.3-HEAD HOSTCC=gcc-4.3-HEAD
-</pre>
-
- <h2 id="custom_targetfs">Customizing the generated target filesystem</h2>
-
- <p>There are a few ways to customize the resulting target filesystem:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>Customize the target filesystem directly and rebuild the image.
- The target filesystem is available under <code>output/target/</code>.
- You can simply make your changes here and run make afterwards —
- this will rebuild the target filesystem image. This method allows you
- to do anything to the target filesystem, but if you decide to
- completely rebuild your toolchain and tools, these changes will be
- lost.</li>
-
- <li>Create your own <i>target skeleton</i>. You can start with
- the default skeleton available under <code>fs/skeleton</code>
- and then customize it to suit your
- needs. The <code>BR2_ROOTFS_SKELETON_CUSTOM</code>
- and <code>BR2_ROOTFS_SKELETON_CUSTOM_PATH</code> will allow you
- to specify the location of your custom skeleton. At build time,
- the contents of the skeleton are copied to output/target before
- any package installation.</li>
-
- <li>In the Buildroot configuration, you can specify the path to a
- post-build script, that gets called <i>after</i> Buildroot builds all
- the selected software, but <i>before</i> the rootfs packages are
- assembled. The destination root filesystem folder is given as the
- first argument to this script, and this script can then be used to
- copy programs, static data or any other needed file to your target
- filesystem.<br/>You should, however, use this feature with care.
- Whenever you find that a certain package generates wrong or unneeded
- files, you should fix that package rather than work around it with a
- post-build cleanup script.</li>
-
- <li>A special package, <i>customize</i>, stored in
- <code>package/customize</code> can be used. You can put all the
- files that you want to see in the final target root filesystem
- in <code>package/customize/source</code>, and then enable this
- special package in the configuration system.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <h2 id="custom_busybox">Customizing the Busybox configuration</h2>
-
- <p><a href="http://www.busybox.net/">Busybox</a> is very configurable,
- and you may want to customize it. You can follow these simple steps to
- do so. This method isn't optimal, but it's simple, and it works:</p>
-
- <ol>
- <li>Do an initial compilation of Buildroot, with busybox, without
- trying to customize it.</li>
-
- <li>Invoke <code>make busybox-menuconfig</code>.
- The nice configuration tool appears, and you can
- customize everything.</li>
-
- <li>Run the compilation of Buildroot again.</li>
- </ol>
-
- <p>Otherwise, you can simply change the
- <code>package/busybox/busybox-<version>.config</code> file, if you
- know the options you want to change, without using the configuration tool.
- </p>
-
- <p>If you want to use an existing config file for busybox, then see
- section <a href="#environment_variables">environment variables</a>.</p>
-
- <h2 id="custom_uclibc">Customizing the uClibc configuration</h2>
-
- <p>Just like <a href="#custom_busybox">BusyBox</a>,
- <a href="http://www.uclibc.org/">uClibc</a> offers a lot of
- configuration options. They allow you to select various
- functionalities depending on your needs and limitations.</p>
-
- <p>The easiest way to modify the configuration of uClibc is to
- follow these steps:</p>
-
- <ol>
- <li>Do an initial compilation of Buildroot without trying to
- customize uClibc.</li>
-
- <li>Invoke <code>make uclibc-menuconfig</code>.
- The nice configuration assistant, similar to
- the one used in the Linux kernel or Buildroot, appears. Make
- your configuration changes as appropriate.</li>
-
- <li>Copy the <code>$(O)/toolchain/uclibc-VERSION/.config</code>
- file to a different place
- (like <code>toolchain/uClibc/uClibc-myconfig.config</code>,
- or <code>board/mymanufacturer/myboard/uClibc.config</code>) and
- adjust the uClibc configuration (configuration
- option <code>BR2_UCLIBC_CONFIG</code>) to use this configuration
- instead of the default one.</li>
-
- <li>Run the compilation of Buildroot again.</li>
- </ol>
-
- <p>Otherwise, you can simply change
- <code>toolchain/uClibc/uClibc.config</code>, without running the
- configuration assistant.</p>
-
- <p>If you want to use an existing config file for uclibc, then see
- section <a href="#environment_variables">environment variables</a>.</p>
-
- <h2 id="custom_linux26">Customizing the Linux kernel configuration</h2>
-
- <p>The Linux kernel configuration can be customized just like
- <a href="#custom_busybox">BusyBox</a> and
- <a href="#custom_uclibc">uClibc</a> using <code>make linux-menuconfig
- </code>. Make sure you have enabled the kernel build in <code>make
- menuconfig</code> first. Once done, run <code>make</code> to (re)build
- everything.</p>
-
- <p>If you want to use an existing config file for Linux, then see
- section <a href="#environment_variables">environment variables</a>.</p>
-
- <h2 id="rebuilding_packages">Understanding how to rebuild packages</h2>
-
- <p>One of the most common questions asked by Buildroot
- users is how to rebuild a given package or how to
- remove a package without rebuilding everything from scratch.</p>
-
- <p>Removing a package is currently unsupported by Buildroot
- without rebuilding from scratch. This is because Buildroot doesn't
- keep track of which package installs what files in the
- <code>output/staging</code> and <code>output/target</code>
- directories. However, implementing clean package removal is on the
- TODO-list of Buildroot developers.</p>
-
- <p>The easiest way to rebuild a single package from scratch is to
- remove its build directory in <code>output/build</code>. Buildroot
- will then re-extract, re-configure, re-compile and re-install this
- package from scratch.</p>
-
- <p>However, if you don't want to rebuild the package completely
- from scratch, a better understanding of the Buildroot internals is
- needed. Internally, to keep track of which steps have been done
- and which steps remain to be done, Buildroot maintains stamp
- files (empty files that just tell whether this or that action
- has been done). The problem is that these stamp files are not
- uniformly named and handled by the different packages, so some
- understanding of the particular package is needed.</p>
-
- <p>For packages relying on Buildroot packages infrastructures (see
- <a href="#add_packages">this section</a> for details), the
- following stamp files are relevant:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>output/build/packagename-version/.stamp_configured</code>. If
- removed, Buildroot will trigger the recompilation of the package
- from the configuration step (execution of
- <code>./configure</code>).</li>
-
- <li><code>output/build/packagename-version/.stamp_built</code>. If
- removed, Buildroot will trigger the recompilation of the package
- from the compilation step (execution of <code>make</code>).</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>For other packages, an analysis of the specific <i>package.mk</i>
- file is needed. For example, the zlib Makefile used to look like this
- (before it was converted to the generic package infrastructure):</p>
-
-<pre>
-$(ZLIB_DIR)/.configured: $(ZLIB_DIR)/.patched
- (cd $(ZLIB_DIR); rm -rf config.cache; \
- [...]
- )
- touch $@
-
-$(ZLIB_DIR)/libz.a: $(ZLIB_DIR)/.configured
- $(MAKE) -C $(ZLIB_DIR) all libz.a
- touch -c $@
-</pre>
-
- <p>If you want to trigger the reconfiguration, you need to
- remove <code>output/build/zlib-version/.configured</code>. If
- you want to trigger only the recompilation, you need to remove
- <code>output/build/zlib-version/libz.a</code>.</p>
-
- <p>Note that most packages, if not all, will progressively be
- ported over to the generic or autotools infrastructure, making it
- much easier to rebuild individual packages.</p>
-
- <h2 id="buildroot_innards">How Buildroot works</h2>
-
- <p>As mentioned above, Buildroot is basically a set of Makefiles that
- download, configure, and compile software with the correct options. It
- also includes patches for various software packages — mainly the
- ones involved in the cross-compilation tool chain (<code>gcc</code>,
- <code>binutils</code> and <code>uClibc</code>).</p>
-
- <p>There is basically one Makefile per software package, and they are
- named with the <code>.mk</code> extension. Makefiles are split into
- three main sections:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><b>toolchain</b> (in the <code>toolchain/</code> directory) contains
- the Makefiles and associated files for all software related to the
- cross-compilation toolchain: <code>binutils</code>, <code>gcc</code>,
- <code>gdb</code>, <code>kernel-headers</code> and <code>uClibc</code>.</li>
-
- <li><b>package</b> (in the <code>package/</code> directory) contains the
- Makefiles and associated files for all user-space tools that Buildroot
- can compile and add to the target root filesystem. There is one
- sub-directory per tool.</li>
-
- <li><b>target</b> (in the <code>target</code> directory) contains the
- Makefiles and associated files for software related to the generation of
- the target root filesystem image. Four types of filesystems are supported:
- ext2, jffs2, cramfs and squashfs. For each of them there is a
- sub-directory with the required files. There is also a
- <code>default/</code> directory that contains the target filesystem
- skeleton.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>Each directory contains at least 2 files:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>something.mk</code> is the Makefile that downloads, configures,
- compiles and installs the package <code>something</code>.</li>
-
- <li><code>Config.in</code> is a part of the configuration tool
- description file. It describes the options related to the
- package.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>The main Makefile performs the following steps (once the
- configuration is done):</p>
-
- <ol>
- <li>Create all the output directories: <code>staging</code>,
- <code>target</code>, <code>build</code>, <code>stamps</code>,
- etc. in the output directory (<code>output/</code> by default,
- another value can be specified using <code>O=</code>)</li>
-
- <li>Generate all the targets listed in the
- <code>BASE_TARGETS</code> variable. When an internal toolchain
- is used, this means generating the cross-compilation
- toolchain. When an external toolchain is used, this means checking
- the features of the external toolchain and importing it into the
- Buildroot environment.</li>
-
- <li>Generate all the targets listed in the <code>TARGETS</code>
- variable. This variable is filled by all the individual
- components' Makefiles. Generating these targets will
- trigger the compilation of the userspace packages (libraries,
- programs), the kernel, the bootloader and the generation of the
- root filesystem images, depending on the configuration.</li>
- </ol>
-
- <h2 id="board_support"> Creating your own board support</h2>
-
- <p>Creating your own board support in Buildroot allows users of a
- particular hardware platform to easily build a system that is
- known to work.</p>
-
- <p>To do so, you need to create a normal Buildroot configuration
- that builds a basic system for the hardware: toolchain, kernel,
- bootloader, filesystem and a simple Busybox-only userspace. No
- specific package should be selected: the configuration should be
- as minimal as possible, and should only build a working basic
- Busybox system for the target platform. You can of course use more
- complicated configurations for your internal projects, but the
- Buildroot project will only integrate basic board
- configurations. This is because package selections are highly
- application-specific.</p>
-
- <p>Once you have a known working configuration, run <code>make
- savedefconfig</code>. This will generate a
- minimal <code>defconfig</code> file at the root of the Buildroot
- source tree. Move this file into the <code>configs/</code>
- directory, and rename it <code>MYBOARD_defconfig</code>.</p>
-
- <p>It is recommended to use as much as possible upstream versions
- of the Linux kernel and bootloaders, and to use as much as
- possible default kernel and bootloader configurations. If they are
- incorrect for your platform, we encourage you to send fixes to the
- corresponding upstream projects.</p>
-
- <p>However, in the mean time, you may want to store kernel or
- bootloader configuration or patches specific to your target
- platform. To do so, create a
- directory <code>board/MANUFACTURER</code> and a
- subdirectory <code>board/MANUFACTURER/BOARDNAME</code> (after
- replacing, of course, MANUFACTURER and BOARDNAME with the
- appropriate values, in lower case letters). You can then store
- your patches and configurations in these directories, and
- reference them from the main Buildroot configuration.</p>
-
- <h2 id="using_toolchain">Using the generated toolchain outside Buildroot</h2>
-
- <p>You may want to compile, for your target, your own programs or other
- software that are not packaged in Buildroot. In order to do this you can
- use the toolchain that was generated by Buildroot.</p>
-
- <p>The toolchain generated by Buildroot is located by default in
- <code>output/host/</code>. The simplest way to use it is to add
- <code>output/host/usr/bin/</code> to your PATH environment variable and
- then to use <code>ARCH-linux-gcc</code>, <code>ARCH-linux-objdump</code>,
- <code>ARCH-linux-ld</code>, etc.</p>
-
- <p>It is possible to relocate the toolchain — but
- then <code>--sysroot</code> must be passed every time the compiler
- is called to tell where the libraries and header files are.</p>
-
- <p>It is also possible to generate the Buildroot toolchain in a
- directory other than <code>output/host</code> by using the <code>
- Build options -> Host dir</code> option.
- This could be useful if the toolchain must be shared with other users.</p>
-
- <h2 id="ccache-support">Using <code>ccache</code> in Buildroot</h2>
-
- <p><a href="http://ccache.samba.org">ccache</a> is a compiler
- cache. It stores the object files resulting from each compilation
- process, and is able to skip future compilation of the same source
- file (with same compiler and same arguments) by using the
- pre-existing object files. When doing almost identical builds from
- scratch a number of times, it can nicely speed up the build
- process.</p>
-
- <p><code>ccache</code> support is integrated in Buildroot. You
- just have to enable <code>Enable compiler cache</code>
- in <code>Build options</code>. This will automatically build
- <code>ccache</code> and use it for every host and target
- compilation.</p>
-
- <p>The cache is located
- in <code>$HOME/.buildroot-ccache</code>. It is stored outside of
- Buildroot output directory so that it can be shared by separate
- Buildroot builds. If you want to get rid of the cache, simply
- remove this directory.</p>
-
- <p>You can get statistics on the cache (its size, number of hits,
- misses, etc.) by running <code>make ccache-stats</code>.</p>
-
- <h2 id="downloaded_packages">Location of downloaded packages</h2>
-
- <p>It might be useful to know that the various tarballs that are
- downloaded by the Makefiles are all stored in the <code>DL_DIR</code>
- which by default is the <code>dl</code> directory. It's useful, for
- example, if you want to keep a complete version of Buildroot which is
- known to be working with the associated tarballs. This will allow you to
- regenerate the toolchain and the target filesystem with exactly the same
- versions.</p>
-
- <p>If you maintain several Buildroot trees, it might be better to have a
- shared download location. This can be accessed by creating a symbolic
- link from the <code>dl</code> directory to the shared download location:</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ ln -s <shared download location> dl
-</pre>
-
- <p>Another way of accessing a shared download location is to
- create the <code>BUILDROOT_DL_DIR</code> environment variable.
- If this is set, then the value of DL_DIR in the project is
- overridden. The following line should be added to
- <code>"~/.bashrc"</code>.</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ export BUILDROOT_DL_DIR <shared download location>
-</pre>
-
- <h2 id="external_toolchain">Using an external toolchain</h2>
-
- <p>Using an already existing toolchain is useful for different
- reasons:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>you already have a toolchain that is known to work for your
- specific CPU</li>
- <li>you want to speed up the Buildroot build process by skipping
- the long toolchain build part</li>
- <li>the toolchain generation feature of Buildroot is not
- sufficiently flexible for you (for example if you need to
- generate a system with <i>glibc</i> instead of
- <i>uClibc</i>)</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>Buildroot supports using existing toolchains through a
- mechanism called <i>external toolchain</i>. The external toolchain
- mechanism is enabled in the <code>Toolchain</code> menu, by
- selecting <code>External toolchain</code> in <code>Toolchain
- type</code>.</p>
-
- <p>Then, you have three solutions to use an external
- toolchain:</p>
-
- <ul>
-
- <li>Use a predefined external toolchain profile, and let
- Buildroot download, extract and install the toolchain. Buildroot
- already knows about a few CodeSourcery toolchains for ARM,
- PowerPC, MIPS and SuperH. Just select the toolchain profile
- in <code>Toolchain</code> through the available ones. This is
- definitely the easiest solution.</li>
-
- <li>Use a predefined external toolchain profile, but instead of
- having Buildroot download and extract the toolchain, you can
- tell Buildroot where your toolchain is already installed on your
- system. Just select the toolchain profile
- in <code>Toolchain</code> through the available ones,
- unselect <code>Download toolchain automatically</code>, and fill
- the <code>Toolchain path</code> text entry with the path to your
- cross-compiling toolchain.</li>
-
- <li>Use a completely custom external toolchain. This is
- particularly useful for toolchains generated using
- Crosstool-NG. To do this, select the <code>Custom
- toolchain</code> solution in the <code>Toolchain</code>
- list. You need to fill the <code>Toolchain
- path</code>, <code>Toolchain prefix</code> and <code>External
- toolchain C library</code> options. Then, you have to tell
- Buildroot what your external toolchain supports. If your
- external toolchain uses the <i>glibc</i> library, you only have
- to tell whether your toolchain supports C++ or not. If your
- external toolchain uses the <i>uclibc</i> library, then you have
- to tell Buildroot if it supports largefile, IPv6, RPC,
- wide-char, locale, program invocation, threads and C++. At the
- beginning of the execution, Buildroot will tell you if the
- selected options do not match the toolchain configuration.</li>
-
- </ul>
-
- <p>Our external toolchain support has been tested with toolchains
- from CodeSourcery, toolchains generated
- by <a href="http://ymorin.is-a-geek.org/dokuwiki/projects/crosstool">Crosstool-NG</a>,
- and toolchains generated by Buildroot itself. In general, all
- toolchains that support the <i>sysroot</i> feature should
- work. If not, do not hesitate to contact the developers.</p>
-
- <p>We do not support toolchains from
- the <a href="http://www.denx.de/wiki/DULG/ELDK">ELDK of Denx</a>,
- for two reasons:</p>
-
- <ul>
-
- <li>The ELDK does not contain a pure toolchain (i.e just the
- compiler, binutils, the C and C++ libraries), but a toolchain
- that comes with a very large set of pre-compiled libraries and
- programs. Therefore, Buildroot cannot import the <i>sysroot</i>
- of the toolchain, as it would contain hundreds of megabytes of
- pre-compiled libraries that are normally built by
- Buildroot.</li>
-
- <li>The ELDK toolchains have a completely non-standard custom
- mechanism to handle multiple library variants. Instead of using
- the standard GCC <i>multilib</i> mechanism, the ARM ELDK uses
- different symbolic links to the compiler to differentiate
- between library variants (for ARM soft-float and ARM VFP), and
- the PowerPC ELDK compiler uses a <code>CROSS_COMPILE</code>
- environment variable. This non-standard behaviour makes it
- difficult to support ELDK in Buildroot.</li>
-
- </ul>
-
- <p>We also do not support using the distribution toolchain (i.e
- the gcc/binutils/C library installed by your distribution) as the
- toolchain to build software for the target. This is because your
- distribution toolchain is not a "pure" toolchain (i.e only with
- the C/C++ library), so we cannot import it properly into the
- Buildroot build environment. So even if you are building a system
- for a x86 or x86_64 target, you have to generate a
- cross-compilation toolchain with Buildroot or Crosstool-NG.</p>
-
- <h2 id="add_packages">Adding new packages to Buildroot</h2>
-
- <p>This section covers how new packages (userspace libraries or
- applications) can be integrated into Buildroot. It also shows how existing
- packages are integrated, which is needed for fixing issues or tuning their
- configuration.</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><a href="#package-directory">Package directory</a></li>
- <li><a href="#config-in-file"><code>Config.in</code> file</a></li>
- <li><a href="#mk-file">The <code>.mk</code> file</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="#generic-tutorial">Makefile for generic packages : tutorial</a></li>
- <li><a href="#generic-reference">Makefile for generic packages : reference</a></li>
- <li><a href="#autotools-tutorial">Makefile for autotools-based packages : tutorial</a></li>
- <li><a href="#autotools-reference">Makefile for autotools-based packages : reference</a></li>
- <li><a href="#cmake-tutorial">Makefile for CMake-based packages : tutorial</a></li>
- <li><a href="#cmake-reference">Makefile for CMake-based packages : reference</a></li>
- <li><a href="#manual-tutorial">Manual Makefile : tutorial</a></li>
- </ul>
- </li>
- <li><a href="#gettext-integration">Gettext integration and interaction with packages</a></li>
- </ul>
-
- <h3 id="package-directory">Package directory</h3>
-
- <p>First of all, create a directory under the <code>package</code>
- directory for your software, for example <code>libfoo</code>.</p>
-
- <p>Some packages have been grouped by topic in a sub-directory:
- <code>multimedia</code>, <code>java</code>, <code>x11r7</code>, and
- <code>games</code>. If your package fits in one of these
- categories, then create your package directory in these.</p>
-
- <h3 id="config-in-file"><code>Config.in</code> file</h3>
-
- <p>Then, create a file named <code>Config.in</code>. This file
- will contain the option descriptions related to our
- <code>libfoo</code> software that will be used and displayed in the
- configuration tool. It should basically contain :</p>
-
-<pre>
-config BR2_PACKAGE_LIBFOO
- bool "libfoo"
- help
- This is a comment that explains what libfoo is.
-
- http://foosoftware.org/libfoo/
-</pre>
-
- <p>Of course, you can add other options to configure particular
- things in your software. You can look at examples in other
- packages. The syntax of the Config.in file is the same as the one
- for the kernel Kconfig file. The documentation for this syntax is
- available at
- <a href="http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt">http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt</a>
- </p>
-
- <p>Finally you have to add your new <code>libfoo/Config.in</code> to
- <code>package/Config.in</code> (or in a category subdirectory if
- you decided to put your package in one of the existing
- categories). The files included there are <em>sorted
- alphabetically</em> per category and are <em>NOT</em> supposed to
- contain anything but the <em>bare</em> name of the package.</p>
-
-<pre>
-source "package/libfoo/Config.in"
-</pre>
-
- <h3 id="mk-file">The <code>.mk</code> file</h3>
-
- <p>Finally, here's the hardest part. Create a file named
- <code>libfoo.mk</code>. It describes how the package should be
- downloaded, configured, built, installed, etc.</p>
-
- <p>Depending on the package type, the <code>.mk</code> file must be
- written in a different way, using different infrastructures:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><b>Makefiles for generic packages</b> (not using autotools): These
- are based on an infrastructure similar to the one used for
- autotools-based packages, but requires a little more work from the
- developer. They specify what should be done for the configuration,
- compilation, installation and cleanup of the package. This
- infrastructure must be used for all packages that do not use the
- autotools as their build system. In the future, other specialized
- infrastructures might be written for other build systems.<br/>We cover
- them through a <a href="#generic-tutorial">tutorial</a> and a
- <a href="#generic-reference">reference</a>.</li>
-
- <li><b>Makefiles for autotools-based software</b> (autoconf, automake,
- etc.): We provide a dedicated infrastructure for such packages, since
- autotools is a very common build system. This infrastructure <i>must
- </i> be used for new packages that rely on the autotools as their
- build system.<br/>We cover them through a
- <a href="#autotools-tutorial">tutorial</a> and a
- <a href="#autotools-reference">reference</a>.</li>
-
- <li><b>Manual Makefiles:</b> These are currently obsolete, and no new
- manual Makefiles should be added. However, since there are still many
- of them in the tree, we keep them documented in a
- <a href="#manual-tutorial">tutorial</a>.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <h4 id="generic-tutorial">Makefile for generic packages : tutorial</h4>
-
-<pre>
-<span style="color: #000000">01:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #############################################################</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">02:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">03:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> # libfoo</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">04:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">05:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #############################################################</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">06:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_VERSION</span> = 1.0
-<span style="color: #000000">07:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_SOURCE</span> = libfoo-<span style="color: #009900">$(LIBFOO_VERSION)</span>.tar.gz
-<span style="color: #000000">08:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_SITE</span> = http://www.foosoftware.org/download
-<span style="color: #000000">09:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING</span> = YES
-<span style="color: #000000">10:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES</span> = host-libaaa libbbb
-<span style="color: #000000">11:</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">12:</span> define LIBFOO_BUILD_CMDS
-<span style="color: #000000">13:</span> <span style="color: #009900">$(MAKE)</span> CC=<span style="color: #009900">$(TARGET_CC)</span> LD=<span style="color: #009900">$(TARGET_LD)</span> -C <span style="color: #009900">$(@D)</span> all
-<span style="color: #000000">14:</span> endef
-<span style="color: #000000">15:</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">16:</span> define LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_CMDS
-<span style="color: #000000">17:</span> <span style="color: #009900">$(INSTALL)</span> -D -m 0755 <span style="color: #009900">$(@D)</span>/libfoo.a <span style="color: #009900">$(STAGING_DIR)</span>/usr/lib/libfoo.a
-<span style="color: #000000">18:</span> <span style="color: #009900">$(INSTALL)</span> -D -m 0644 <span style="color: #009900">$(@D)</span>/foo.h <span style="color: #009900">$(STAGING_DIR)</span>/usr/include/foo.h
-<span style="color: #000000">19:</span> <span style="color: #009900">$(INSTALL)</span> -D -m 0755 <span style="color: #009900">$(@D)</span>/libfoo.so* <span style="color: #009900">$(STAGING_DIR)</span>/usr/lib
-<span style="color: #000000">20:</span> endef
-<span style="color: #000000">21:</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">22:</span> define LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_CMDS
-<span style="color: #000000">23:</span> <span style="color: #009900">$(INSTALL)</span> -D -m 0755 <span style="color: #009900">$(@D)</span>/libfoo.so* <span style="color: #009900">$(TARGET_DIR)</span>/usr/lib
-<span style="color: #000000">24:</span> <span style="color: #009900">$(INSTALL)</span> -d -m 0755 <span style="color: #009900">$(TARGET_DIR)</span>/etc/foo.d
-<span style="color: #000000">25:</span> endef
-<span style="color: #000000">26:</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">27:</span><span style="color: #009900"> $(eval $(call GENTARGETS,package,libfoo))</span>
-</pre>
-
- <p>The Makefile begins on line 6 to 8 with metadata information: the
- version of the package (<code>LIBFOO_VERSION</code>), the name of the
- tarball containing the package (<code>LIBFOO_SOURCE</code>) and the
- Internet location at which the tarball can be downloaded
- (<code>LIBFOO_SITE</code>). All variables must start with the same prefix,
- <code>LIBFOO_</code> in this case. This prefix is always the uppercased
- version of the package name (see below to understand where the package
- name is defined).</p>
-
- <p>On line 9, we specify that this package wants to install something to
- the staging space. This is often needed for libraries, since they must
- install header files and other development files in the staging space.
- This will ensure that the commands listed in the
- <code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_CMDS</code> variable will be executed.</p>
-
- <p>On line 10, we specify the list of dependencies this package relies
- on. These dependencies are listed in terms of lower-case package names,
- which can be packages for the target (without the <code>host-</code>
- prefix) or packages for the host (with the <code>host-</code>) prefix).
- Buildroot will ensure that all these packages are built and installed
- <i>before</i> the current package starts its configuration.</p>
-
- <p>The rest of the Makefile defines what should be done at the different
- steps of the package configuration, compilation and installation.
- <code>LIBFOO_BUILD_CMDS</code> tells what steps should be performed to
- build the package. <code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_CMDS</code> tells what
- steps should be performed to install the package in the staging space.
- <code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_CMDS</code> tells what steps should be
- performed to install the package in the target space.</p>
-
- <p>All these steps rely on the <code>$(@D)</code> variable, which
- contains the directory where the source code of the package has been
- extracted.</p>
-
- <p>Finally, on line 27, we call the <code>GENTARGETS</code> which
- generates, according to the variables defined previously, all the
- Makefile code necessary to make your package working.</p>
-
- <h4 id="generic-reference">Makefile for generic packages : reference</h4>
-
- <p>The <code>GENTARGETS</code> macro takes three arguments:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>The first argument is the package directory prefix. If your
- package is in <code>package/libfoo</code>, then the directory prefix
- is <code>package</code>. If your package is in
- <code>package/editors/foo</code>, then the directory prefix must be
- <code>package/editors</code>.</li>
-
- <li>The second argument is the lower-cased package name. It must match
- the prefix of the variables in the <code>.mk</code> file and must
- match the configuration option name in the <code>Config.in</code>
- file. For example, if the package name is <code>libfoo</code>, then the
- variables in the <code>.mk</code> file must start with
- <code>LIBFOO_</code> and the configuration option in the
- <code>Config.in</code> file must be <code>BR2_PACKAGE_LIBFOO</code>.</li>
-
- <li>The third argument is optional. It can be used to tell if the
- package is a target package (cross-compiled for the target) or a host
- package (natively compiled for the host). If unspecified, it is
- assumed that it is a target package. See below for details.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>For a given package, in a single <code>.mk</code> file, it is
- possible to call GENTARGETS twice, once to create the rules to generate
- a target package and once to create the rules to generate a host package:
- </p>
-
-<pre>
-$(eval $(call GENTARGETS,package,libfoo))
-$(eval $(call GENTARGETS,package,libfoo,host))
-</pre>
-
- <p>This might be useful if the compilation of the target package
- requires some tools to be installed on the host. If the package name is
- <code>libfoo</code>, then the name of the package for the target is also
- <code>libfoo</code>, while the name of the package for the host is
- <code>host-libfoo</code>. These names should be used in the DEPENDENCIES
- variables of other packages, if they depend on <code>libfoo</code> or
- <code>host-libfoo</code>.</p>
-
- <p>The call to the <code>GENTARGETS</code> macro <b>must</b> be at the
- end of the <code>.mk</code> file, after all variable definitions.</p>
-
- <p>For the target package, the <code>GENTARGETS</code> uses the
- variables defined by the .mk file and prefixed by the uppercased package
- name: <code>LIBFOO_*</code>. For the host package, it uses the
- <code>HOST_LIBFOO_*</code>. For <i>some</i> variables, if the
- <code>HOST_LIBFOO_</code> prefixed variable doesn't exist, the package
- infrastructure uses the corresponding variable prefixed by
- <code>LIBFOO_</code>. This is done for variables that are likely to have
- the same value for both the target and host packages. See below for
- details.</p>
-
- <p>The list of variables that can be set in a <code>.mk</code> file to
- give metadata information is (assuming the package name is
- <code>libfoo</code>) :</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_VERSION</code>, mandatory, must contain the
- version of the package. Note that
- if <code>HOST_LIBFOO_VERSION</code> doesn't exist, it is assumed
- to be the same as <code>LIBFOO_VERSION</code>. It can also be a
- Subversion or Git branch or tag, for packages that are fetched
- directly from their revision control system.<br/>
- Example: <code>LIBFOO_VERSION = 0.1.2</code></li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_SOURCE</code> may contain the name of the tarball of
- the package. If <code>HOST_LIBFOO_SOURCE</code> is not specified, it
- defaults to <code>LIBFOO_VERSION</code>. If none are specified, then
- the value is assumed to be
- <code>packagename-$(LIBFOO_VERSION).tar.gz</code>.<br/>Example:
- <code>LIBFOO_SOURCE = foobar-$(LIBFOO_VERSION).tar.bz2</code></li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_PATCH</code> may contain the name of a patch, that
- will be downloaded from the same location as the tarball indicated in
- <code>LIBFOO_SOURCE</code>. If <code>HOST_LIBFOO_PATCH</code> is not
- specified, it defaults to <code>LIBFOO_PATCH</code>. Also note that
- another mechanism is available to patch a package: all files of the
- form <code>packagename-packageversion-description.patch</code> present
- in the package directory inside Buildroot will be applied to the
- package after extraction.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_SITE</code> may contain the Internet location
- of the package. It can either be the HTTP or FTP location of a
- tarball, or the URL of a Git or Subversion repository
- (see <code>LIBFOO_SITE_METHOD</code>
- below). If <code>HOST_LIBFOO_SITE</code> is not specified, it
- defaults to <code>LIBFOO_SITE</code>. If none are specified,
- then the location is assumed to be
- <code>http://$$(BR2_SOURCEFORGE_MIRROR).dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/packagename</code>.
- <br/>Examples:<br/>
- <code>LIBFOO_SITE=http://www.libfoosoftware.org/libfoo</code><br/>
- <code>LIBFOO_SITE=http://svn.xiph.org/trunk/Tremor/</code></li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_SITE_METHOD</code> may contain the method to
- fetch the package source code. It can either
- be <code>wget</code> (for normal FTP/HTTP downloads of
- tarballs), <code>svn</code>, <code>git</code> or <code>bzr</code>.
- When not specified, it is guessed from the URL given
- in <code>LIBFOO_SITE</code>: <code>svn://</code>, <code>git://</code>
- and <code>bzr://</code> URLs will use the <code>svn</code>,
- <code>git</code> and <code>bzr</code> methods respectively. All other
- URL-types will use the <code>wget</code> method. So for example, in the
- case of a package whose source code is available through
- Subversion repository on HTTP, one <i>must</i>
- specifiy <code>LIBFOO_SITE_METHOD=svn</code>. For <code>svn</code>
- and <code>git</code> methods, what Buildroot does is a
- checkout/clone of the repository which is then tarballed and
- stored into the download cache. Next builds will not
- checkout/clone again, but will use the tarball
- directly. When <code>HOST_LIBFOO_SITE_METHOD</code> is not
- specified, it defaults to the value
- of <code>LIBFOO_SITE_METHOD</code>. See <code>package/multimedia/tremor/</code>
- for an example.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES</code> lists the dependencies (in terms
- of package name) that are required for the current target package to
- compile. These dependencies are guaranteed to be compiled and
- installed before the configuration of the current package starts. In a
- similar way, <code>HOST_LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES</code> lists the
- dependency for the current host package.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING</code> can be set to <code>YES</code>
- or <code>NO</code> (default). If set to <code>YES</code>, then the
- commands in the <code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_CMDS</code> variables are
- executed to install the package into the staging directory.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET</code> can be set to <code>YES</code>
- (default) or <code>NO</code>. If set to <code>YES</code>, then the
- commands in the <code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_CMDS</code> variables are
- executed to install the package into the target directory.</li> </ul>
-
- <p>The recommended way to define these variables is to use the following
- syntax:</p>
-
-<pre>
-LIBFOO_VERSION = 2.32
-</pre>
-
- <p>Now, the variables that define what should be performed at the
- different steps of the build process.</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_CONFIGURE_CMDS</code>, used to list the actions to be
- performed to configure the package before its compilation</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_BUILD_CMDS</code>, used to list the actions to be
- performed to compile the package</li>
-
- <li><code>HOST_LIBFOO_INSTALL_CMDS</code>, used to list the actions to
- be performed to install the package, when the package is a host
- package. The package must install its files to the directory given by
- <code>$(HOST_DIR)</code>. All files, including development files such
- as headers should be installed, since other packages might be compiled
- on top of this package.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_CMDS</code>, used to list the actions
- to be performed to install the package to the target directory, when
- the package is a target package. The package must install its files to
- the directory given by <code>$(TARGET_DIR)</code>. Only the files
- required for <i>documentation</i> and <i>execution</i> of the package
- should be installed. Header files should not be installed, they will
- be copied to the target, if the
- <code>development files in target filesystem</code> option is selected.
- </li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_CMDS</code>, used to list the actions
- to be performed to install the package to the staging directory, when
- the package is a target package. The package must install its files to
- the directory given by <code>$(STAGING_DIR)</code>. All development
- files should be installed, since they might be needed to compile other
- packages.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_CLEAN_CMDS</code>, used to list the actions to
- perform to clean up the build directory of the package.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_UNINSTALL_TARGET_CMDS</code>, used to list the actions
- to uninstall the package from the target directory
- <code>$(TARGET_DIR)</code></li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_UNINSTALL_STAGING_CMDS</code>, used to list the
- actions to uninstall the package from the staging directory
- <code>$(STAGING_DIR)</code>.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>The preferred way to define these variables is:</p>
-
-<pre>
-define LIBFOO_CONFIGURE_CMDS
- action 1
- action 2
- action 3
-endef
-</pre>
-
- <p>In the action definitions, you can use the following variables:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>$(@D)</code>, which contains the directory in which the
- package source code has been uncompressed.</li>
-
- <li><code>$(TARGET_CC)</code>, <code>$(TARGET_LD)</code>, etc. to get
- the target cross-compilation utilities</li>
-
- <li><code>$(TARGET_CROSS)</code> to get the cross-compilation
- toolchain prefix</li>
-
- <li>Of course the <code>$(HOST_DIR)</code>, <code>$(STAGING_DIR)</code>
- and <code>$(TARGET_DIR)</code> variables to install the packages
- properly.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>The last feature of the generic infrastructure is the ability to add
- hooks. These define further actions to perform after existing steps.
- Most hooks aren't really useful for generic packages, since the
- <code>.mk</code> file already has full control over the actions
- performed in each step of the package construction. The hooks are more
- useful for packages using the autotools infrastructure described below.
- However, since they are provided by the generic infrastructure, they are
- documented here. The exception is <code>LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_HOOKS</code>.
- Patching the package is not user definable, so
- <code>LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_HOOKS</code> will be userful for generic packages.
- </p>
-
- <p>The following hook points are available:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_HOOKS</code></li>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_PRE_CONFIGURE_HOOKS</code></li>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_POST_CONFIGURE_HOOKS</code></li>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_POST_BUILD_HOOKS</code></li>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_POST_INSTALL_HOOKS</code> (for host packages only)</li>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_POST_INSTALL_STAGING_HOOKS</code> (for target packages only)</li>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_POST_INSTALL_TARGET_HOOKS</code> (for target packages only)</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>These variables are <i>lists</i> of variable names containing actions
- to be performed at this hook point. This allows several hooks to be
- registered at a given hook point. Here is an example:</p>
-
-<pre>
-define LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_FIXUP
- action1
- action2
-endef
-
-LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_HOOKS += LIBFOO_POST_PATCH_FIXUP
-</pre>
-
- <h4 id="autotools-tutorial">Makefile for autotools-based packages : tutorial</h4>
-
- <p>First, let's see how to write a <code>.mk</code> file for an
- autotools-based package, with an example :</p>
-
-<pre>
-<span style="color: #000000">01:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #############################################################</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">02:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">03:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> # libfoo</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">04:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">05:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #############################################################</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">06:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_VERSION</span> = 1.0
-<span style="color: #000000">07:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_SOURCE</span> = libfoo-<span style="color: #009900">$(LIBFOO_VERSION)</span>.tar.gz
-<span style="color: #000000">08:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_SITE</span> = http://www.foosoftware.org/download
-<span style="color: #000000">09:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING</span> = YES
-<span style="color: #000000">10:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET</span> = YES
-<span style="color: #000000">11:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_CONF_OPT</span> = --enable-shared
-<span style="color: #000000">12:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES</span> = libglib2 host-pkg-config
-<span style="color: #000000">13:</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">14:</span><span style="color: #009900"> $(eval $(call AUTOTARGETS,package,libfoo))</span>
-</pre>
-
- <p>On line 6, we declare the version of the package.</p>
-
- <p>On line 7 and 8, we declare the name of the tarball and the location
- of the tarball on the Web. Buildroot will automatically download the
- tarball from this location.</p>
-
- <p>On line 9, we tell Buildroot to install the package to the staging
- directory. The staging directory, located in <code>output/staging/</code>
- is the directory where all the packages are installed, including their
- development files, etc. By default, packages are not installed to the
- staging directory, since usually, only libraries need to be installed in
- the staging directory: their development files are needed to compile
- other libraries or applications depending on them. Also by default, when
- staging installation is enabled, packages are installed in this location
- using the <code>make install</code> command.</p>
-
- <p>On line 10, we tell Buildroot to also install the package to the
- target directory. This directory contains what will become the root
- filesystem running on the target. Usually, we try not to install header
- files and to install stripped versions of the binary. By default, target
- installation is enabled, so in fact, this line is not strictly
- necessary. Also by default, packages are installed in this location
- using the <code>make install</code> command.</p>
-
- <p>On line 11, we tell Buildroot to pass a custom configure option, that
- will be passed to the <code>./configure</code> script before configuring
- and building the package.</p>
-
- <p>On line 12, we declare our dependencies, so that they are built
- before the build process of our package starts.</p>
-
- <p>Finally, on line line 14, we invoke the <code>AUTOTARGETS</code>
- macro that generates all the Makefile rules that actually allows the
- package to be built.</p>
-
- <h4 id="autotools-reference">Makefile for autotools packages : reference</h4>
-
- <p>The main macro of the autotools package infrastructure is
- <code>AUTOTARGETS</code>. It has the same number of arguments and the
- same semantic as the <code>GENTARGETS</code> macro, which is the main
- macro of the generic package infrastructure. For autotools packages, the
- ability to have target and host packages is also available (and is
- actually widely used).</p>
-
- <p>Just like the generic infrastructure, the autotools infrastructure
- works by defining a number of variables before calling the
- <code>AUTOTARGETS</code> macro.</p>
-
- <p>First, all the package metadata information variables that exist in the
- generic infrastructure also exist in the autotools infrastructure:
- <code>LIBFOO_VERSION</code>, <code>LIBFOO_SOURCE</code>,
- <code>LIBFOO_PATCH</code>, <code>LIBFOO_SITE</code>,
- <code>LIBFOO_SUBDIR</code>, <code>LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES</code>,
- <code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING</code>, <code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET</code>.</p>
-
- <p>A few additional variables, specific to the autotools infrastructure,
- can also be defined. Many of them are only useful in very specific
- cases, typical packages will therefore only use a few of them.</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_SUBDIR</code> may contain the name of a subdirectory
- inside the package that contains the configure script. This is useful,
- if for example, the main configure script is not at the root of the
- tree extracted by the tarball. If <code>HOST_LIBFOO_SUBDIR</code> is
- not specified, it defaults to <code>LIBFOO_SUBDIR</code>.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_CONF_ENV</code>, to specify additional environment
- variables to pass to the configure script. By default, empty.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_CONF_OPT</code>, to specify additional configure
- options to pass to the configure script. By default, empty.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_MAKE</code>, to specify an alternate <code>make</code>
- command. This is typically useful when parallel make is enabled in
- the configuration (using <code>BR2_JLEVEL</code>) but that this
- feature should be disabled for the given package, for one reason or
- another. By default, set to <code>$(MAKE)</code>. If parallel building
- is not supported by the package, then it should be set to
- <code>LIBFOO_MAKE=$(MAKE1)</code>.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_MAKE_ENV</code>, to specify additional environment
- variables to pass to make in the build step. These are passed before
- the <code>make</code> command. By default, empty.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_MAKE_OPT</code>, to specify additional variables to
- pass to make in the build step. These are passed after the
- <code>make</code> command. By default, empty.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_AUTORECONF</code>, tells whether the package should
- be autoreconfigured or not (i.e, if the configure script and
- Makefile.in files should be re-generated by re-running autoconf,
- automake, libtool, etc.). Valid values are <code>YES</code> and
- <code>NO</code>. By default, the value is <code>NO</code></li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_AUTORECONF_OPT</code> to specify additional options
- passed to the <i>autoreconf</i> program if
- <code>LIBFOO_AUTORECONF=YES</code>. By default, empty.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_LIBTOOL_PATCH</code> tells whether the Buildroot
- patch to fix libtool cross-compilation issues should be applied or
- not. Valid values are <code>YES</code> and <code>NO</code>. By
- default, the value is <code>YES</code></li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_OPT</code> contains the make options
- used to install the package to the staging directory. By default, the
- value is <code>DESTDIR=$$(STAGING_DIR) install</code>, which is
- correct for most autotools packages. It is still possible to override
- it.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_OPT</code> contains the make options
- used to install the package to the target directory. By default, the
- value is <code>DESTDIR=$$(TARGET_DIR) install</code>. The default
- value is correct for most autotools packages, but it is still possible
- to override it if needed.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_CLEAN_OPT</code> contains the make options used to
- clean the package. By default, the value is <code>clean</code>.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_UNINSTALL_STAGING_OPT</code>, contains the make
- options used to uninstall the package from the staging directory. By
- default, the value is <code>DESTDIR=$$(STAGING_DIR) uninstall</code>.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_UNINSTALL_TARGET_OPT</code>, contains the make
- options used to uninstall the package from the target directory. By
- default, the value is <code>DESTDIR=$$(TARGET_DIR) uninstall</code>.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>With the autotools infrastructure, all the steps required to build
- and install the packages are already defined, and they generally work
- well for most autotools-based packages. However, when required, it is
- still possible to customize what is done in any particular step:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>By adding a post-operation hook (after extract, patch, configure,
- build or install). See the reference documentation of the generic
- infrastructure for details.</li>
-
- <li>By overriding one of the steps. For example, even if the autotools
- infrastructure is used, if the package <code>.mk</code> file defines its
- own <code>LIBFOO_CONFIGURE_CMDS</code> variable, it will be used
- instead of the default autotools one. However, using this method
- should be restricted to very specific cases. Do not use it in the
- general case.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <h4 id="cmake-tutorial">Makefile for CMake-based packages : tutorial</h4>
-
- <p>First, let's see how to write a <code>.mk</code> file for a CMake-based
- package, with an example :</p>
-
-<pre>
-<span style="color: #000000">01:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #############################################################</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">02:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">03:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> # libfoo</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">04:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">05:</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: #9A1900"> #############################################################</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">06:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_VERSION</span> = 1.0
-<span style="color: #000000">07:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_SOURCE</span> = libfoo-<span style="color: #009900">$(LIBFOO_VERSION)</span>.tar.gz
-<span style="color: #000000">08:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_SITE</span> = http://www.foosoftware.org/download
-<span style="color: #000000">09:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING</span> = YES
-<span style="color: #000000">10:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET</span> = YES
-<span style="color: #000000">11:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_CONF_OPT</span> = -DBUILD_DEMOS=ON
-<span style="color: #000000">12:</span><span style="color: #009900"> LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES</span> = libglib2 host-pkg-config
-<span style="color: #000000">13:</span>
-<span style="color: #000000">14:</span><span style="color: #009900"> $(eval $(call CMAKETARGETS,package,libfoo))</span>
-</pre>
-
- <p>On line 6, we declare the version of the package.</p>
-
- <p>On line 7 and 8, we declare the name of the tarball and the location
- of the tarball on the Web. Buildroot will automatically download the
- tarball from this location.</p>
-
- <p>On line 9, we tell Buildroot to install the package to the staging
- directory. The staging directory, located in <code>output/staging/</code>
- is the directory where all the packages are installed, including their
- development files, etc. By default, packages are not installed to the
- staging directory, since usually, only libraries need to be installed in
- the staging directory: their development files are needed to compile
- other libraries or applications depending on them. Also by default, when
- staging installation is enabled, packages are installed in this location
- using the <code>make install</code> command.</p>
-
- <p>On line 10, we tell Buildroot to also install the package to the
- target directory. This directory contains what will become the root
- filesystem running on the target. Usually, we try not to install header
- files and to install stripped versions of the binary. By default, target
- installation is enabled, so in fact, this line is not strictly
- necessary. Also by default, packages are installed in this location
- using the <code>make install</code> command.</p>
-
- <p>On line 11, we tell Buildroot to pass custom options to CMake when it is
- configuring the package.</p>
-
- <p>On line 12, we declare our dependencies, so that they are built
- before the build process of our package starts.</p>
-
- <p>Finally, on line line 14, we invoke the <code>CMAKETARGETS</code>
- macro that generates all the Makefile rules that actually allows the
- package to be built.</p>
-
- <h4 id="cmake-reference">Makefile for CMake packages : reference</h4>
-
- <p>The main macro of the CMake package infrastructure is
- <code>CMAKETARGETS</code>. It has the same number of arguments and the
- same semantic as the <code>GENTARGETS</code> macro, which is the main
- macro of the generic package infrastructure. For CMake packages, the
- ability to have target and host packages is also available.</p>
-
- <p>Just like the generic infrastructure, the CMake infrastructure
- works by defining a number of variables before calling the
- <code>CMAKETARGETS</code> macro.</p>
-
- <p>First, all the package metadata information variables that exist in the
- generic infrastructure also exist in the CMake infrastructure:
- <code>LIBFOO_VERSION</code>, <code>LIBFOO_SOURCE</code>,
- <code>LIBFOO_PATCH</code>, <code>LIBFOO_SITE</code>,
- <code>LIBFOO_SUBDIR</code>, <code>LIBFOO_DEPENDENCIES</code>,
- <code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING</code>, <code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET</code>.</p>
-
- <p>A few additional variables, specific to the CMake infrastructure,
- can also be defined. Many of them are only useful in very specific
- cases, typical packages will therefore only use a few of them.</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_SUBDIR</code> may contain the name of a subdirectory
- inside the package that contains the main CMakeLists.txt file. This is
- useful, if for example, the main CMakeLists.txt file is not at the root
- of the tree extracted by the tarball. If <code>HOST_LIBFOO_SUBDIR</code>
- is not specified, it defaults to <code>LIBFOO_SUBDIR</code>.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_CONF_ENV</code>, to specify additional environment
- variables to pass to CMake. By default, empty.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_CONF_OPT</code>, to specify additional configure
- options to pass to CMake. By default, empty.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_MAKE</code>, to specify an alternate <code>make</code>
- command. This is typically useful when parallel make is enabled in
- the configuration (using <code>BR2_JLEVEL</code>) but that this
- feature should be disabled for the given package, for one reason or
- another. By default, set to <code>$(MAKE)</code>. If parallel building
- is not supported by the package, then it should be set to
- <code>LIBFOO_MAKE=$(MAKE1)</code>.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_MAKE_ENV</code>, to specify additional environment
- variables to pass to make in the build step. These are passed before
- the <code>make</code> command. By default, empty.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_MAKE_OPT</code>, to specify additional variables to
- pass to make in the build step. These are passed after the
- <code>make</code> command. By default, empty.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_STAGING_OPT</code> contains the make options
- used to install the package to the staging directory. By default, the
- value is <code>DESTDIR=$$(STAGING_DIR) install</code>, which is
- correct for most CMake packages. It is still possible to override
- it.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_INSTALL_TARGET_OPT</code> contains the make options
- used to install the package to the target directory. By default, the
- value is <code>DESTDIR=$$(TARGET_DIR) install</code>. The default
- value is correct for most CMake packages, but it is still possible
- to override it if needed.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_CLEAN_OPT</code> contains the make options used to
- clean the package. By default, the value is <code>clean</code>.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>With the CMake infrastructure, all the steps required to build
- and install the packages are already defined, and they generally work
- well for most CMake-based packages. However, when required, it is
- still possible to customize what is done in any particular step:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>By adding a post-operation hook (after extract, patch, configure,
- build or install). See the reference documentation of the generic
- infrastructure for details.</li>
-
- <li>By overriding one of the steps. For example, even if the CMake
- infrastructure is used, if the package <code>.mk</code> file defines its
- own <code>LIBFOO_CONFIGURE_CMDS</code> variable, it will be used
- instead of the default CMake one. However, using this method
- should be restricted to very specific cases. Do not use it in the
- general case.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <h4 id ="manual-tutorial">Manual Makefile : tutorial</h4>
-
- <p><b>NOTE: new manual makefiles should not be created, and existing
- manual makefiles should be converted either to the generic, autotools
- or cmake infrastructure. This section is only kept to document the existing
- manual makefiles and to help understand how they work.</b></p>
-
-<pre>
-01: #############################################################
-02: #
-03: # libfoo
-04: #
-05: #############################################################
-<span id="ex2line6">06: LIBFOO_VERSION:=1.0</span>
-07: LIBFOO_SOURCE:=libfoo-$(LIBFOO_VERSION).tar.gz
-08: LIBFOO_SITE:=http://www.foosoftware.org/downloads
-09: LIBFOO_DIR:=$(BUILD_DIR)/foo-$(FOO_VERSION)
-10: LIBFOO_BINARY:=foo
-11: LIBFOO_TARGET_BINARY:=usr/bin/foo
-12:
-<span id="ex2line13">13: $(DL_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_SOURCE):</span>
-14: $(call DOWNLOAD,$(LIBFOO_SITE),$(LIBFOO_SOURCE))
-15:
-<span id="ex2line16">16: $(LIBFOO_DIR)/.source: $(DL_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_SOURCE)</span>
-17: $(ZCAT) $(DL_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_SOURCE) | tar -C $(BUILD_DIR) $(TAR_OPTIONS) -
-18: touch $@
-19:
-<span id="ex2line20">20: $(LIBFOO_DIR)/.configured: $(LIBFOO_DIR)/.source</span>
-21: (cd $(LIBFOO_DIR); rm -rf config.cache; \
-22: $(TARGET_CONFIGURE_OPTS) \
-23: $(TARGET_CONFIGURE_ARGS) \
-24: ./configure \
-25: --target=$(GNU_TARGET_NAME) \
-26: --host=$(GNU_TARGET_NAME) \
-27: --build=$(GNU_HOST_NAME) \
-28: --prefix=/usr \
-29: --sysconfdir=/etc \
-30: )
-31: touch $@
-32:
-<span id="ex2line33">33: $(LIBFOO_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_BINARY): $(LIBFOO_DIR)/.configured</span>
-34: $(MAKE) CC=$(TARGET_CC) -C $(LIBFOO_DIR)
-35:
-<span id="ex2line36">36: $(TARGET_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_TARGET_BINARY): $(LIBFOO_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_BINARY)</span>
-37: $(MAKE) DESTDIR=$(TARGET_DIR) -C $(LIBFOO_DIR) install-strip
-38: rm -Rf $(TARGET_DIR)/usr/man
-39:
-<span id="ex2line40">40: libfoo: uclibc ncurses $(TARGET_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_TARGET_BINARY)</span>
-41:
-<span id="ex2line42">42: libfoo-source: $(DL_DIR)/$(LIBFOO_SOURCE)</span>
-43:
-<span id="ex2line44">44: libfoo-clean:</span>
-45: $(MAKE) prefix=$(TARGET_DIR)/usr -C $(LIBFOO_DIR) uninstall
-46: -$(MAKE) -C $(LIBFOO_DIR) clean
-47:
-<span id="ex2line48">48: libfoo-dirclean:</span>
-49: rm -rf $(LIBFOO_DIR)
-50:
-<span id="ex2line51">51: #############################################################</span>
-52: #
-53: # Toplevel Makefile options
-54: #
-55: #############################################################
-56: ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_LIBFOO),y)
-57: TARGETS+=libfoo
-58: endif
-</pre>
-
- <p>First of all, this Makefile example works for a package which
- comprises a single binary executable. For other software, such as
- libraries or more complex stuff with multiple binaries, it must be
- adapted. For examples look at the other <code>*.mk</code> files in the
- <code>package</code> directory.</p>
-
- <p>At lines <a href="#ex2line6">6-11</a>, a couple of useful variables are
- defined:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>LIBFOO_VERSION</code>: The version of <i>libfoo</i> that
- should be downloaded.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_SOURCE</code>: The name of the tarball of <i>libfoo</i>
- on the download website or FTP site. As you can see
- <code>LIBFOO_VERSION</code> is used.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_SITE</code>: The HTTP or FTP site from which
- <i>libfoo</i> archive is downloaded. It must include the complete path to
- the directory where <code>LIBFOO_SOURCE</code> can be found.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_DIR</code>: The directory into which the software will
- be configured and compiled. Basically, it's a subdirectory of
- <code>BUILD_DIR</code> which is created upon decompression of the tarball.
- </li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_BINARY</code>: Software binary name. As said previously,
- this is an example for a package with a single binary.</li>
-
- <li><code>LIBFOO_TARGET_BINARY</code>: The full path of the binary inside
- the target filesystem.</li> </ul>
-
- <p>Lines <a href="#ex2line13">13-14</a> define a target that downloads
- the tarball from the remote site to the download directory
- (<code>DL_DIR</code>).</p>
-
- <p>Lines <a href="#ex2line16">16-18</a> define a target and associated
- rules that uncompress the downloaded tarball. As you can see, this
- target depends on the tarball file so that the previous target (lines
- <a href="#ex2line13">13-14</a>) is called before executing the rules of
- the current target. Uncompressing is followed by <i>touching</i> a
- hidden file to mark the software as having been uncompressed. This trick
- is used everywhere in a Buildroot Makefile to split steps (download,
- uncompress, configure, compile, install) while still having correct
- dependencies.</p>
-
- <p>Lines <a href="#ex2line20">20-31</a> define a target and associated
- rules that configure the software. It depends on the previous target
- (the hidden <code>.source</code> file) so that we are sure the software
- has been uncompressed. In order to configure the package, it basically
- runs the well-known <code>./configure</code> script. As we may be doing
- cross-compilation, <code>target</code>, <code>host</code> and
- <code>build</code> arguments are given. The prefix is also set to
- <code>/usr</code>, not because the software will be installed in
- <code>/usr</code> on your host system, but because the software will be
- installed in <code> /usr</code> on the target filesystem. Finally it
- creates a <code>.configured</code> file to mark the software as
- configured.</p>
-
- <p>Lines <a href="#ex2line33">33-34</a> define a target and a rule that
- compile the software. This target will create the binary file in the
- compilation directory and depends on the software being already
- configured (hence the reference to the <code>.configured</code> file).
- It basically runs <code>make</code> inside the source directory.</p>
-
- <p>Lines <a href="#ex2line36">36-38</a> define a target and associated
- rules that install the software inside the target filesystem. They
- depend on the binary file in the source directory to make sure the
- software has been compiled. They use the <code>install-strip</code>
- target of the software <code>Makefile</code> by passing a
- <code>DESTDIR</code> argument so that the <code>Makefile</code> doesn't
- try to install the software in the host <code>/usr</code> but rather in
- the target <code>/usr</code>. After the installation, the
- <code>/usr/man </code> directory inside the target filesystem is removed
- to save space. </p>
-
- <p>Line <a href="#ex2line40">40</a> defines the main target of the
- software — the one that will eventually be used by the top level
- <code>Makefile</code> to download, compile, and then install this
- package. This target should first of all depend on all needed
- dependencies of the software (in our example, <i>uclibc</i> and
- <i>ncurses</i>) and also depend on the final binary. This last dependency
- will call all previous dependencies in the correct order.</p>
-
- <p>Line <a href="#ex2line42">42</a> defines a simple target that only
- downloads the code source. This is not used during normal operation of
- Buildroot, but is needed if you intend to download all required sources
- at once for later offline build. Note that if you add a new package,
- providing a <code>libfoo-source</code> target is <i>mandatory</i> to
- support users that wish to do offline-builds. Furthermore, it eases
- checking if all package-sources are downloadable.</p>
-
- <p>Lines <a href="#ex2line44">44-46</a> define a simple target to clean
- the software build by calling the Makefile with the appropriate options.
- The <code>-clean</code> target should run <code>make clean</code> on
- $(BUILD_DIR)/package-version and MUST uninstall all files of the package
- from $(STAGING_DIR) and from $(TARGET_DIR).</p>
-
- <p>Lines <a href="#ex2line48">48-49</a> define a simple target to
- completely remove the directory in which the software was uncompressed,
- configured and compiled. The <code>-dirclean</code> target MUST
- completely rm $(BUILD_DIR)/ package-version.</p>
-
- <p>Lines <a href="#ex2line51">51-58</a> add the target <code>libfoo</code>
- to the list of targets to be compiled by Buildroot, by first checking if
- the configuration option for this package has been enabled using the
- configuration tool. If so, it then "subscribes" this package
- to be compiled by adding the package to the TARGETS global variable.
- The name added to the TARGETS global variable is the name of this
- package's target, as defined on line <a href="#ex2line40">40</a>, which
- is used by Buildroot to download, compile, and then install this package.
- </p>
-
- <h3 id="gettext-integration">Gettext integration and interaction with packages</h3>
-
- <p>Many packages that support internationalization use the gettext
- library. Dependencies for this library are fairly complicated and therefore,
- deserves some explanation.</p>
-
- <p>The <i>uClibc</i> C library doesn't implement gettext functionality,
- therefore with this C library, a separate gettext must be compiled. On
- the other hand, the <i>glibc</i> C library does integrate its own
- gettext, and in this case, the separate gettext library should not be
- compiled, because it creates various kinds of build failures.</p>
-
- <p>Additionally, some packages (such as libglib2) do require gettext
- unconditionally, while other packages (those who support
- <code>--disable-nls</code> in general) only require gettext when locale
- support is enabled.</p>
-
- <p>Therefore, Buildroot defines two configuration options:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><code>BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT</code>, which is true as soon as the
- toolchain doesn't provide its own gettext implementation</li>
-
- <li><code>BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT_IF_LOCALE</code>, which is true if the
- toolchain doesn't provide its own gettext implementation and if locale
- support is enabled</li> </ul>
-
- <p>Therefore, packages that unconditionally need gettext should:</p>
-
- <ol>
- <li>Use <code>select BR2_PACKAGE_GETTEXT if BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT</code>
- and possibly <code>select BR2_PACKAGE_LIBINTL if BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT</code>,
- if libintl is also needed</li>
-
- <li>Use <code>$(if $(BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT),gettext)</code> in the package
- <code>DEPENDENCIES</code> variable</li>
- </ol>
-
- <p>Packages that need gettext only when locale support is enabled should:
- </p>
-
- <ol>
- <li>Use
- <code>select BR2_PACKAGE_GETTEXT if BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT_IF_LOCALE</code>
- and possibly
- <code>select BR2_PACKAGE_LIBINTL if BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT_IF_LOCALE</code>,
- if libintl is also needed</li>
-
- <li>Use <code>$(if $(BR2_NEEDS_GETTEXT_IF_LOCALE),gettext)</code> in
- the package <code>DEPENDENCIES</code> variable</li>
- </ol>
-
- <h3>Conclusion</h3>
-
- <p>As you can see, adding a software package to Buildroot is simply a
- matter of writing a Makefile using an existing example and modifying it
- according to the compilation process required by the package.</p>
-
- <p>If you package software that might be useful for other people, don't
- forget to send a patch to Buildroot developers!</p>
-
- <h2 id="faq">Frequently asked questions</h2>
-
- <ul>
- <li><a href="#faq-boot-hangs">The boot hangs
- after <code>Starting network...</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="#module-init-tools-doesnt-build">module-init-tools
- fails to build with <code>cannot find -lc</code></a></li>
- </ul>
-
- <h3 id="faq-boot-hangs">The boot hangs after <code>Starting
- network...</code></h3>
-
- <p>If the boot process seems to hang after the following messages
- (messages not necessarly exactly similar, depending on the list of
- packages selected):</p>
-
- <pre>Freeing init memory: 3972K
-Initializing random number generator... done.
-Starting network...
-Starting dropbear sshd: generating rsa key... generating dsa key... OK</pre>
-
- <p>then it means that your system is running, but didn't start a
- shell on the serial console. In order to have the system start a
- shell on your serial console, you have to go in the Buildroot
- configuration, <code>Target options</code>, enable <code>Generic
- serial port config</code>, and select the serial port and speed
- you would like to use for the shell. This will automatically tune
- the <code>/etc/inittab</code> file of the generated system so that
- a shell starts on the correct serial port.</p>
-
- <h3 id="module-init-tools-doesnt-build">module-init-tools
- fails to build with <code>cannot find -lc</code></h3>
-
- <p>If the build of <i>module-init-tools</i> for the host fails
- with:</p>
-
- <pre>/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc </pre>
-
- <p>then probably you are running a Fedora (or similar)
- distribution, and you should install the <code>glibc-static</code>
- package. This is because the <i>module-init-tools</i> build
- process wants to link statically against the C library.</p>
-
- <h2 id="links">Resources</h2>
-
- <p>To learn more about Buildroot you can visit these websites:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><a href="http://www.uclibc.org/">http://www.uclibc.org/</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://www.busybox.net/">http://www.busybox.net/</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
-</body>
-</html>
--
1.7.4.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 7+ messages in thread
* [Buildroot] [PATCH 4/4] remove Glibc_vs_uClibc document
2011-08-31 21:54 [Buildroot] [pull request v2] Pull request for branch for-2011.11/asciidoc-manual Thomas Petazzoni
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2011-08-31 21:54 ` [Buildroot] [PATCH 3/4] remove the old buildroot.html documentation Thomas Petazzoni
@ 2011-08-31 21:54 ` Thomas Petazzoni
3 siblings, 0 replies; 7+ messages in thread
From: Thomas Petazzoni @ 2011-08-31 21:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: buildroot
This document has nothing to do with Buildroot, and is probably a
leftover from the uClibc documentation.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
---
docs/Glibc_vs_uClibc.html | 240 ---------------------------------------------
1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 240 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 docs/Glibc_vs_uClibc.html
diff --git a/docs/Glibc_vs_uClibc.html b/docs/Glibc_vs_uClibc.html
deleted file mode 100644
index c14eb8c..0000000
--- a/docs/Glibc_vs_uClibc.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
-<!--#include file="header.html" -->
-
-<h2>uClibc vs. glibc</h2>
-
-<p>
- uClibc and Glibc are not the same -- there are a number of differences which
- may or may not cause you problems. This document attempts to list these
- differences and, when completed, will contain a full list of all relevant
- differences.
- <br><br></p>
- <ol>
- <li>uClibc is smaller than glibc. We attempt to maintain a glibc compatible
- interface, allowing applications that compile with glibc to easily compile with
- uClibc. However, we do not include _everything_ that glibc includes, and
- therefore some applications may not compile. If this happens to you, please
- report the failure to the uclibc mailing list, with detailed error messages.
- </li><br>
- <li>uClibc is much more configurable then glibc. This means that a developer
- may have compiled uClibc in such a way that significant amounts of
- functionality have been omitted.
- </li><br>
- <li>uClibc does not even attempt to ensure binary compatibility across releases.
- When a new version of uClibc is released, you may or may not need to recompile
- all your binaries.
- </li><br>
- <li><ul><li> malloc(0) in glibc returns a valid pointer to something(!?!?) while in
- uClibc calling malloc(0) returns a NULL. The behavior of malloc(0) is listed
- as implementation-defined by SuSv3, so both libraries are equally correct.
- This difference also applies to realloc(NULL, 0). I personally feel glibc's
- behavior is not particularly safe. To enable glibc behavior, one has to
- explicitly enable the MALLOC_GLIBC_COMPAT option.
- </li><br><li>
- glibc's malloc() implementation has behavior that is tunable via the
- MALLOC_CHECK_ environment variable. This is primarily used to provide extra
- malloc debugging features. These extended malloc debugging features are not
- available within uClibc. There are many good malloc debugging libraries
- available for Linux (dmalloc, electric fence, valgrind, etc) that work much
- better than the glibc extended malloc debugging. So our omitting this
- functionality from uClibc is not a great loss.
- </li><br>
- </ul></li>
- <li>uClibc does not provide a database library (libdb).
- </li><br>
- <li>uClibc does not support NSS (/lib/libnss_*), which allows glibc to easily
- support various methods of authentication and DNS resolution. uClibc only
- supports flat password files and shadow password files for storing
- authentication information. If you need something more complex than this,
- you can compile and install pam.
- </li><br>
- <li>uClibc's libresolv is only a stub. Some, but not all of the functionality
- provided by glibc's libresolv is provided internal to uClibc. Other functions
- are not at all implemented.
- </li><br>
- <li>libnsl provides support for Network Information Service (NIS) which was
- originally called "Yellow Pages" or "YP", which is an extension of RPC invented
- by Sun to share Unix password files over the network. I personally think NIS
- is an evil abomination and should not be used. These days, using ldap is much
- more effective mechanism for doing the same thing. uClibc provides a stub
- libnsl, but has no actual support for Network Information Service (NIS).
- We therefore, also do not provide any of the headers files provided by glibc
- under /usr/include/rpcsvc.
- </li><br>
- <li>uClibc's locale support is not 100% complete yet. We are working on it.
- </li><br>
- <li>uClibc's math library only supports long double as inlines, and even
- then the long double support is quite limited. Also, very few of the
- float math functions are implemented. Stick with double and you should
- be just fine.
- </li><br>
- <li>uClibc's libcrypt does not support the reentrant crypt_r, setkey_r and
- encrypt_r, since these are not required by SuSv3.
- </li><br>
- <li>uClibc directly uses kernel types to define most opaque data types.
- </li><br>
- <li>uClibc directly uses the linux kernel's arch specific 'stuct stat'.
- </li><br>
- <li>uClibc's librt library currently lacks all aio routines, all clock
- routines, and all shm routines (only the timer routines and the mq
- routines are implemented).
- </li><br>
-</ol>
-<hr>
-<h3>Manuel's Notes</h3>
-
- Some general comments...<br>
- <p>
- The intended target for all my uClibc code is ANSI/ISO C99 and SUSv3
- compliance. While some glibc extensions are present, many will eventually
- be configurable. Also, even when present, the glibc-like extensions may
- differ slightly or be more restrictive than the native glibc counterparts.
- They are primarily meant to be porting _aides_ and not necessarily
- drop-in replacements.
- </p><br>
-Now for some details...<br><br>
-
-<u>time functions</u><br>
-<ol>
-<li>Leap seconds are not supported.</li><br>
-<li>/etc/timezone and the whole zoneinfo directory tree are not supported.
- To set the timezone, set the TZ environment variable as specified in
- http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904975/basedefs/xbd_chap08.html
- or you may also create an /etc/TZ file of a single line, ending with a
- newline, containing the TZ setting. For example
- echo CST6CDT > /etc/TZ
-</li><br>
-<li>Currently, locale specific eras and alternate digits are not supported.
- They are on my TODO list.
-</li>
-</ol><br>
-<u>wide char support</u><br>
-<ol>
-<li>The only multibyte encoding currently supported is UTF-8. The various
- ISO-8859-* encodings are (optionally) supported. The internal
- representation of wchar's is assumed to be 31 bit unicode values in
- native endian representation. Also, the underlying char encoding is
- assumed to match ASCII in the range 0-0x7f.
-</li>
-<li>In the next iteration of locale support, I plan to add support for
- (at least some) other multibyte encodings.
-</li>
-</ol>
-<u>locale support</u><br>
-<ol>
-<li>The target for support is SUSv3 locale functionality. While nl_langinfo
- has been extended, similar to glibc, it only returns values for related
- locale entries.
-</li>
-<li>Currently, all SUSv3 libc locale functionality should be implemented
- except for wcsftime and collating item support in regex.
-</li>
-</ol>
-<u>stdio</u><br>
-<ol>
-<li>Conversion of large magnitude floating-point values by printf suffers a loss
- of precision due to the algorithm used.
-</li><br>
-<li>uClibc's printf is much stricter than glibcs, especially regarding positional
- args. The entire format string is parsed first and an error is returned if
- a problem is detected. In locales other than C, the format string is checked
- to be a valid multibyte sequence as well. Also, currently at most 10 positional
- args are allowed (although this is configurable).
-</li><br>
-<li>BUFSIZ is configurable, but no attempt is made at automatic tuning of internal
- buffer sizes for stdio streams. In fact, the stdio code in general sacrifices
- sophistication/performace for minimal size.
-</li><br>
-<li>uClibc allows glibc-like custom printf functions. However, while not
- currently checked, the specifier must be <= 0x7f.
-</li><br>
-<li>uClibc allows glibc-like custom streams. However, no in-buffer seeking is
- done.
-</li><br>
-<li>The functions fcloseall() and __fpending() can behave differently than their
- glibc counterparts.
-</li><br>
-<li>uClibc's setvbuf is more restrictive about when it can be called than glibc's
- is. The standards specify that setvbuf must occur before any other operations
- take place on the stream.
-</li><br>
-<li>Right now, %m is not handled properly by printf when the format uses positional
- args.
-</li><br>
-<li>The FILEs created by glibc's fmemopen(), open_memstream(), and fopencookie()
- are not capable of wide orientation. The corresponding uClibc routines do
- not have this limitation.
-</li><br>
-<li>For scanf, the C99 standard states "The fscanf function returns the value of
- the macro EOF if an input failure occurs before any conversion." But glibc's
- scanf does not respect conversions for which assignment was surpressed, even
- though the standard states that the value is converted but not stored.
-</li></ol><br>
-<hr><h3>Glibc bugs</h3><br>
-glibc bugs that Ulrich Drepper has refused to acknowledge or comment on
- ( <a href="http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-alpha/2003-09/">http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-alpha/2003-09/</a> )
-<br>
-<ol>
-<li>The C99 standard says that for printf, a %s conversion makes no special
- provisions for multibyte characters. SUSv3 is even more clear, stating
- that bytes are written and a specified precision is in bytes. Yet glibc
- treats the arg as a multibyte string when a precision is specified and
- not otherwise.
-</li><br>
-<li>Both C99 and C89 state that the %c conversion for scanf reads the exact
- number of bytes specified by the optional field width (or 1 if not specified).
- uClibc complies with the standard. There is an argument that perhaps the
- specified width should be treated as an upper bound, based on some historical
- use. However, such behavior should be mentioned in the Conformance document.
-</li><br>
-<li>glibc's scanf is broken regarding some numeric patterns. Some invalid
- strings are accepted as valid ("0x.p", "1e", digit grouped strings).
- In spite of my posting examples clearly illustrating the bugs, they remain
- unacknowledged by the glibc developers.
-</li><br>
-<li>glibc's scanf seems to require a 'p' exponent for hexadecimal float strings.
- According to the standard, this is optional.
-</li><br>
-<li>C99 requires that once an EOF is encountered, the stream should be treated
- as if at end-of-file even if more data becomes available. Further reading
- can be attempted by clearing the EOF flag though, via clearerr() or a file
- positioning function. For details concerning the original change, see
- Defect Report #141. glibc is currently non-compliant, and the developers
- did not comment when I asked for their official position on this issue.
-</li><br>
-<li>glibc's collation routines and/or localedef are broken regarding implicit
- and explicit UNDEFINED rules.
-</li><br></ol>
-More to follow as I think of it...
-<br><br><hr>
-<h3>Profiling:</h3>
-<p>
-uClibc no longer supports 'gcc -fprofile-arcs -pg' style profiling, which
-causes your application to generate a 'gmon.out' file that can then be analyzed
-by 'gprof'. Not only does this require explicit extra support in uClibc, it
-requires that you rebuild everything with profiling support. There is both a
-size and performance penalty to profiling your applications this way, as well
-as Heisenberg effects, where the act of measuring changes what is measured.
-</p>
-<p>
-There exist a number of less invasive alternatives that do not require you to
-specially instrument your application, and recompile and relink everything.
-</p><p>
-The OProfile system-wide profiler is an excellent alternative:
- <a href="http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/">http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/</a>
-</p><p>
-Many people have had good results using the combination of Valgrind
-to generate profiling information and KCachegrind for analysis:
- <a href="http://developer.kde.org/~sewardj/">http://developer.kde.org/~sewardj/</a>
- <a href="http://kcachegrind.sourceforge.net/">http://kcachegrind.sourceforge.net/</a>
-</p><p>
-Prospect is another alternative based on OProfile:
- <a href="http://prospect.sourceforge.net/">http://prospect.sourceforge.net/</a>
-</p><p>
-And the Linux Trace Toolkit (LTT) is also a fine tool:
- <a href="http://www.opersys.com/LTT/">http://www.opersys.com/LTT/</a>
-</p><p>
-FunctionCheck:
- <a href="http://www710.univ-lyon1.fr/~yperret/fnccheck/">http://www710.univ-lyon1.fr/~yperret/fnccheck/</a>
-</p>
-
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1.7.4.1
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