How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Brent Goodrick]

Say I have these files and directories [2]:

  /home/smart_tator/misc_files/.gitignore
  /home/smart_tator/misc_files/foo/
  /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/
  /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/baz/foo/
  /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/baz/real/

then I do:

  cd /home/smart_tator/misc_files/; git init

and say I have this line in that .gitignore file:

  foo/

And then I naively execute:

  git add bar/

then the bar/baz/real/ is added, but these are dutifully ignored:

  /home/smart_tator/misc_files/foo/
  /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/baz/foo/

But consider in my real repo, I have thousands of files, versus the
Tinker Toy example shown above. And consider that I don't know about
that bar/baz/foo/ exists ahead of time, because I'm not the only
developer checking in content to the repo that might contain precious
"foo/"'s to keep. I can't move my top level foo/, as I have tools that
rely upon that foo/ being in its place.

That means that we can't solve this problem efficiently/effectively
with the negation operator in the .gitignore file:

  foo/
  !bar/baz/foo/

because sooner or later someone is going to get surprised as to why
their foo/ isn't being added in some other subdirectory, and they will
"fix it" by committing a change where they have removed the foo/ from
the .gitignore file, thus causing the top level foo/ to show up as
candidates for addition in git status output.

Is there some way to express that the foo/ that is to be ignored is
always the one in /home/smart_tator/misc_files/ directory, but all
other foo/ subdirectories in any other directory under consideration
should still continue to participate in adds and merges, all without
having to "over-express" the exceptions with negation operators?

Maybe the imaginary .gitignore syntax I am thinking of would be one of
the following (most of these are just silly/fun):

  </>foo/  # <-- Huh?
  <top>foo/  # <-- What the ...?
  //foo/  # <-- Smells like Perforce or Windows UNC paths
  /foo/ # <-- No! Matches UNIX root filesystem directory paths!
  >foo/  # <-- You can't have a > character in DOS or Unix paths, can you?
  $root/foo/  # <-- I like this syntax the best [1]

Thanks,
bg

[1] Maybe there are other "variables" besides $root that might be
    useful to be added in the future, like $HOME.
[2] By "repo root directory", I mean whatever "$GIT_DIR/.." resolves to.

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Junio C Hamano]

Brent Goodrick <bgoodr@gmail.com> writes:

> Say I have these files and directories [2]:
>
>   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/.gitignore
>   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/foo/
>   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/
>   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/baz/foo/
>   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/baz/real/
>
> then I do:
>
>   cd /home/smart_tator/misc_files/; git init
>
> and say I have this line in that .gitignore file:
>
>   foo/
>
> And then I naively execute:
>
>   git add bar/
>
> then the bar/baz/real/ is added, but these are dutifully ignored:
>
>   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/foo/
>   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/baz/foo/

I think you are looking for "/foo/".  From Documentation/gitignore.txt:

 - If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the
   purpose of the following description, but it would only find
   a match with a directory.  In other words, `foo/` will match a
   directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
   regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
   with the way how pathspec works in general in git).

With this rule, (1) the trailing slash in your "foo/" tells git to match
only with directories, but (2) it behaves as if you said "foo" for all the
other rules.

With "/foo/", you tell git to match only with a directory, and it is as if
you said "/foo".

 - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
   a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
   pathname without leading directories.

Your "foo/" now behaves the same way as "foo" behaves.  You are telling
git to match directory foo anywhere in the tree.  "/foo/" (now behaving
the same way as "/foo") does not satisfy this criteria so we would skip
this rule.

 - Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
   for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
   wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
   For example, "Documentation/\*.html" matches
   "Documentation/git.html" but not
   "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html".  A leading slash matches the
   beginning of the pathname; for example, "/*.c" matches
   "cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".

Your "foo/" does not survive to this rule, but "/foo/" does.  It now
behaves as "/foo" and its leading slash makes it match the beginning.

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Sitaram Chamarty]

On 2009-02-24, Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> wrote:
> I think you are looking for "/foo/".  From Documentation/gitignore.txt:

[lots of very clear and detailed explanation snipped for
brevity...]

I'd been sort of struggling with the part of 'man gitignore'
that describes the rules for the exclusion patterns; it just
didn't seem as clear as it could have been.  It's very
accurate, but I (and I noticed a few others on irc) had to
read very carefully to do anything moderately complex.

A few days ago, 'doener' (Björn Steinbrink) came up with
some much simpler rules that said the same thing, and --
building on the insight that his rules gave me -- I came up
with these:

----->8-----

Note that rule 1 merely *modifies* rules 2 and 3, it does not
supercede or preclude them.

1.  If you pattern ends with a slash, it matches only
    directories (and their contents)
2.  If there is no slash otherwise, it matches that name, at
    any depth in the tree
3.  If there is a slash anywhere else, it matches that name,
    relative to the .gitignore (or $GIT_WORK_TREE if the
    pattern is from one of the other pattern sources like
    `.git/info/exclude` etc)

The wildcards (`*` and `?`) do not match slashes, but otherwise
the patterns are normal shell globs as defined by fnmatch(3) with
the FNM_PATHNAME flag set.

----->8-----

Those rules are meant to clarify the following lines from
the gitignore man page:

 - If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the
   purpose of the following description, but it would only find
   a match with a directory.  In other words, `foo/` will match a
   directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
   regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
   with the way how pathspec works in general in git).

 - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
   a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
   pathname without leading directories.

 - Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
   for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
   wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Junio C Hamano]

Sitaram Chamarty <sitaramc@gmail.com> writes:

> On 2009-02-24, Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> wrote:
>> I think you are looking for "/foo/".  From Documentation/gitignore.txt:
>
> [lots of very clear and detailed explanation snipped for
> brevity...]
>
> I'd been sort of struggling with the part of 'man gitignore'
> that describes the rules for the exclusion patterns; it just
> didn't seem as clear as it could have been.  It's very
> accurate, but I (and I noticed a few others on irc) had to
> read very carefully to do anything moderately complex.

The existing documentation has an unfortunate history behind it and the
"if it ends with a slash it matches only directories" was bolted on as an
afterthought; see d6b8fc3 (gitignore(5): Allow "foo/" in ignore list to
match directory "foo", 2008-01-31).

> A few days ago, 'doener' (Björn Steinbrink) came up with
> some much simpler rules that said the same thing, and --
> building on the insight that his rules gave me -- I came up
> with these:
>
> ----->8-----
>
> Note that rule 1 merely *modifies* rules 2 and 3, it does not
> supercede or preclude them.
>
> 1.  If you pattern ends with a slash, it matches only
>     directories (and their contents)
> 2.  If there is no slash otherwise, it matches that name, at
>     any depth in the tree
> 3.  If there is a slash anywhere else, it matches that name,
>     relative to the .gitignore (or $GIT_WORK_TREE if the
>     pattern is from one of the other pattern sources like
>     `.git/info/exclude` etc)
>
> The wildcards (`*` and `?`) do not match slashes, but otherwise
> the patterns are normal shell globs as defined by fnmatch(3) with
> the FNM_PATHNAME flag set.
>
> ----->8-----

Nicely written, except that as a non-native speaker I fear "otherwise" and
"anywhere else" _might_ leave ambiguity for a pattern that has slash only
at the end [*1*], but I dunno.  It certainly is much better than what I
wrote in the current documentation.

Please send it in a patch form (possibly addressing my ambiguity concern
if it is real for other people) with a one-liner log message that says
"The existing documentation is unreadable even though it may be precise",
and I'll apply.

Thanks.

[Footnote]

*1* That is why I wrote "it is removed for the purpose of..." in the
description, even though I do agree that paragraph is hard to read.
Perhaps I should have said "it only matches directories.  The slash at the
end is ignored for the purpose of the following rules." which probably
would have flowed a bit more naturally.

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Sitaram Chamarty]

On 2009-02-24, Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> wrote:
> Please send it in a patch form (possibly addressing my ambiguity concern
> if it is real for other people) with a one-liner log message that says
> "The existing documentation is unreadable even though it may be precise",
> and I'll apply.

Thank you for the encouragement!  (And to doener as well of
course for the inspiration)

I will send in a suitably amended patch with in the next day
or so -- I'm half asleep right now, :-(

Regards,

Sitaram

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Sitaram Chamarty]

On 2009-02-24, Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> wrote:
> Sitaram Chamarty <sitaramc@gmail.com> writes:

>> A few days ago, 'doener' (Björn Steinbrink) came up with
>> some much simpler rules that said the same thing, and --
>> building on the insight that his rules gave me -- I came up
>> with these:
>>
>> ----->8-----
>>
>> Note that rule 1 merely *modifies* rules 2 and 3, it does not
>> supercede or preclude them.
>>
>> 1.  If you pattern ends with a slash, it matches only
>>     directories (and their contents)
>> 2.  If there is no slash otherwise, it matches that name, at
>>     any depth in the tree
>> 3.  If there is a slash anywhere else, it matches that name,
>>     relative to the .gitignore (or $GIT_WORK_TREE if the
>>     pattern is from one of the other pattern sources like
>>     `.git/info/exclude` etc)
>>
>> The wildcards (`*` and `?`) do not match slashes, but otherwise
>> the patterns are normal shell globs as defined by fnmatch(3) with
>> the FNM_PATHNAME flag set.
>>
>> ----->8-----
>
> Nicely written, except that as a non-native speaker I fear "otherwise" and
> "anywhere else" _might_ leave ambiguity for a pattern that has slash only
> at the end [*1*], but I dunno.  It certainly is much better than what I
> wrote in the current documentation.
>
> Please send it in a patch form (possibly addressing my ambiguity concern
> if it is real for other people) with a one-liner log message that says
> "The existing documentation is unreadable even though it may be precise",
> and I'll apply.

I couldn't think of an easy way to clear that up without
making it far more verbose.

The ambiguity is partly because we're overloading the slash
to control both "what matches" (only a directory, versus
directory / file / symlink) and "where it matches" (anchored
at the directory in which the current .gitignore is found or
work tree, versus at any depth underneath).

So I came up with this (see below).  It keeps the "what" and
the "where" clearly separate, so now the "otherwise" applies
to only one preceding clause, and there is no "anywhere
else".

It's a somewhat larger change, replacing all 6 bullets and
the line preceding them.  I think it looks nicer but since I
wrote it, I can't vote ;-)

Please tell me what you think.  If you like it, I'll send in
this patch.  If you prefer the previous one, I'll send that
in.

[I've also changed $GIT_WORK_TREE in my previous attempt to
'root of the working tree' because that variable is not
normally set, and I don't want to imply that it does]

----->8-----

The files containing the patterns have the following format:

 - A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a
   separator for readability.

 - A line starting with # serves as a comment.

This is _how_ the patterns match:

 - The wildcards (`*` and `?`) do not match slashes, but
   otherwise the patterns are normal shell globs as defined
   by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag set.

 - An optional prefix '!' negates the pattern; any matching
   file excluded by a previous pattern will become included
   again.  If a negated pattern matches, this will override
   lower precedence patterns sources.

This is _what_ the patterns match:

 - If the pattern ends with a slash, it matches only
   directories (and their contents), otherwise it matches
   regular files and symlinks also.

This is _where_ the patterns match (a trailing slash is
ignored for these rules):

 - If there is a slash at the start or within the pattern,
   it matches paths relative to the .gitignore file in which
   the pattern is found, or to the root of the working tree
   if the pattern is from one of the other pattern sources
   (i.e., `.git/info/exclude`, `core.excludesfile`)

 - Otherwise, it matches a path at any depth in the tree

----->8-----

Regards,

Sitaram

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Junio C Hamano]

Sitaram Chamarty <sitaramc@gmail.com> writes:

> Please tell me what you think.  If you like it, I'll send in
> this patch.  If you prefer the previous one, I'll send that
> in.
> ...
> The files containing the patterns have the following format:
>
>  - A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a
>    separator for readability.
>
>  - A line starting with # serves as a comment.
>
> This is _how_ the patterns match:
>
>  - The wildcards (`*` and `?`) do not match slashes, but
>    otherwise the patterns are normal shell globs as defined
>    by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag set.

I had to read this twice and run "man 3 fnmatch" to clear my head.

 - In normal shell globs, wildcards '*' and '?' do not match slashes;

 - fnmatch(3) with FNM_PATHNAME implements the normal shell globs;

 - wildcards do not match slashes in gitignore either.

Given these three, I am very confused why you say "but otherwise".  I
would understand it if it were:

    The patterns are treated as normal shell globs defined by fnmatch(3) with
    FNM_PATHNAME; in other words, the wildcards (`*` and `?`) do not match
    slashes.

>  - An optional prefix '!' negates the pattern; any matching
>    file excluded by a previous pattern will become included
>    again.  If a negated pattern matches, this will override
>    lower precedence patterns sources.

'!' is not part of _how_ the patterns match.  It is _what happens_ when a
pattern marked as such matches (meaning, the syntax for a line in
gitignore file is "an optional '!' followed by a pattern").

    An optional prefix '!' is not a part of the pattern and it does not
    affect the match.  When a path matches such a pattern, instead of
    being ignored, it is unignored.

It would be good to clarify that '!' is not part of the pattern, as I'd
like to take J6t's patch that says gitattributes uses the same pattern as
gitignore uses.

> This is _what_ the patterns match:
>
>  - If the pattern ends with a slash, it matches only
>    directories (and their contents), otherwise it matches
>    regular files and symlinks also.

Do we want "(and their contents)" here?  Once a directory is ignored like
this, none of its contents, including .gitignore file in it, is examined
because we do not even descend into it.

> This is _where_ the patterns match (a trailing slash is
> ignored for these rules):
>
>  - If there is a slash at the start or within the pattern,
>    it matches paths relative to the .gitignore file in which
>    the pattern is found, or to the root of the working tree
>    if the pattern is from one of the other pattern sources
>    (i.e., `.git/info/exclude`, `core.excludesfile`)

"at the start or within but not at the end of the pattern"?

>  - Otherwise, it matches a path at any depth in the tree

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Sitaram Chamarty]

On 2009-02-25, Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> wrote:
> Sitaram Chamarty <sitaramc@gmail.com> writes:

>> This is _how_ the patterns match:
>>
>>  - The wildcards (`*` and `?`) do not match slashes, but
>>    otherwise the patterns are normal shell globs as defined
>>    by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag set.
>
> I had to read this twice and run "man 3 fnmatch" to clear my head.
>
>  - In normal shell globs, wildcards '*' and '?' do not match slashes;
>
>  - fnmatch(3) with FNM_PATHNAME implements the normal shell globs;
>
>  - wildcards do not match slashes in gitignore either.
>
> Given these three, I am very confused why you say "but otherwise".  I
> would understand it if it were:
>
>     The patterns are treated as normal shell globs defined by fnmatch(3) with
>     FNM_PATHNAME; in other words, the wildcards (`*` and `?`) do not match
>     slashes.

I'll use that.

This confusing statement existed in the previous (shorter)
version also.  My fault; I use [[ path == patt ]] far more
often than plain globs so I had a thinko.  (Perversely, that
one does *not* use FNM_PATHNAME... go figure!)

>>  - An optional prefix '!' negates the pattern; any matching
>>    file excluded by a previous pattern will become included
>>    again.  If a negated pattern matches, this will override
>>    lower precedence patterns sources.
>
> '!' is not part of _how_ the patterns match.  It is _what happens_ when a
> pattern marked as such matches (meaning, the syntax for a line in
> gitignore file is "an optional '!' followed by a pattern").
>
>     An optional prefix '!' is not a part of the pattern and it does not
>     affect the match.  When a path matches such a pattern, instead of
>     being ignored, it is unignored.

I can use this.  Can we keep it in the same section, despite
being technically not a '_how_'?  It fits the other sections
even less, and the sectioning is the main thing in all this.

> It would be good to clarify that '!' is not part of the pattern, as I'd
> like to take J6t's patch that says gitattributes uses the same pattern as
> gitignore uses.
>
>> This is _what_ the patterns match:
>>
>>  - If the pattern ends with a slash, it matches only
>>    directories (and their contents), otherwise it matches
>>    regular files and symlinks also.
>
> Do we want "(and their contents)" here?  Once a directory is ignored like
> this, none of its contents, including .gitignore file in it, is examined
> because we do not even descend into it.

Do we not want to specify that we don't descend?  The
original text does say '...will match a directory foo and
paths underneath it'.

>> This is _where_ the patterns match (a trailing slash is
>> ignored for these rules):
>>
>>  - If there is a slash at the start or within the pattern,
>>    it matches paths relative to the .gitignore file in which
>>    the pattern is found, or to the root of the working tree
>>    if the pattern is from one of the other pattern sources
>>    (i.e., `.git/info/exclude`, `core.excludesfile`)
>
> "at the start or within but not at the end of the pattern"?

Isn't that confusing?  'if there is a slash ... not at the
end of the pattern' can easily sound like "there *should
not* be a trailing slash", which is quite different from "we
don't care if there *is* a trailing slash; it's the *other*
slashes that matter here".

And it'll _seem to_ contradict what we say, just above, that
a trailing slash is ignored for these rules.

>
>>  - Otherwise, it matches a path at any depth in the tree

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Junio C Hamano]

Sitaram Chamarty <sitaramc@gmail.com> writes:

> On 2009-02-25, Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> wrote:
> ...
>> '!' is not part of _how_ the patterns match.  It is _what happens_ when a
>> pattern marked as such matches (meaning, the syntax for a line in
>> gitignore file is "an optional '!' followed by a pattern").
>>
>>     An optional prefix '!' is not a part of the pattern and it does not
>>     affect the match.  When a path matches such a pattern, instead of
>>     being ignored, it is unignored.
>
> I can use this.  Can we keep it in the same section, despite
> being technically not a '_how_'?  It fits the other sections
> even less, and the sectioning is the main thing in all this.

I thought making the text easier to follow was the main thing.

Sectioning could be part of the solution, but if we find that the boundary
between sections are blurry, or if there are too many sections compared to
the number of rules, perhaps dividing them into sections and giving each a
separate section header may make them even harder to follow.

I am actually very tempted to say that the correct description of the
gitignore language is:

    - an optional ! sign whose meaning is "unignore paths that matches
      this pattern, instead of ignoring them"; followed by

    - an optional / sign whose meaning is "a match with this pattern must
      be made at this directory and not in its subdirectories"; followed
      by

    - a pattern that never begins nor ends with a slash whose meaning is
      "this is a shell glob pattern to test paths against"; followed by

    - an optional / sign whose meaning is "this pattern matches only with
      a directory".

We'll need to tweak the language a bit in J6t's patch that talks about the
gitattributes pattern if we go this route, though.  The attribute system
uses the latter three that specify how a match is made, but does not use
the first one that specifies what happens once a match is found, because
the latter is done by the attributes part that follows the pattern in the
gitattributes file.

> Do we not want to specify that we don't descend?  The
> original text does say '...will match a directory foo and
> paths underneath it'.

Ok.  If we unignore a directory that does not mean all paths inside it are
now unignored --- they are still subject to .gitignore rules read from it
and its subdirectories.  So "will match it and paths inside it" is correct
but "will ignore it and paths inside it" is not.

>>> This is _where_ the patterns match (a trailing slash is
>>> ignored for these rules):
>>> ...
> And it'll _seem to_ contradict what we say, just above, that
> a trailing slash is ignored for these rules.

You are absolutely right.  Please scratch my comment on this item.

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Björn Steinbrink]

On 2009.02.25 13:25:24 -0800, Junio C Hamano wrote:
> Sitaram Chamarty <sitaramc@gmail.com> writes:
> > Do we not want to specify that we don't descend?  The
> > original text does say '...will match a directory foo and
> > paths underneath it'.
> 
> Ok.  If we unignore a directory that does not mean all paths inside it are
> now unignored --- they are still subject to .gitignore rules read from it
> and its subdirectories.  So "will match it and paths inside it" is correct
> but "will ignore it and paths inside it" is not.

I don't think that's good enough. The case in which we ignore
directories is impressively hard to describe correctly. Consider this:

.gitignore     # Contains foo
foo/.gitignore # Contains !bar
foo/bar

The current man page says that for "foo/bar" foo/.gitignore has the
highest precedence, overriding the patterns from .gitignore. So without
further information, one could think that while foo/bar is matched by
the "foo" pattern, this is invalidated by the "!bar" rule and thus
foo/bar would not be ignored. But of course we don't bother looking into
foo at all, so the foo/.gitignore has no effect.

And it gets more interesting:

.gitignore # Contains "foo" and "!foo/bar"
foo/bar

Even in this case, foo/bar is ignored. Because again, we don't look into
foo at all, so we never even see foo/bar and thus we won't notice that
it is to be unignored. So saying "match it and paths inside it" is
misleading, because we'll never even see any path inside it that could
match, and it might lead to failing gitignore setups like the above.

So maybe instead of "... and paths inside it", we could have something
like this:

    If a directory is ignored, git won't look into it at all when
    searching for untracked files. This means that all paths inside it
    are implicitly ignored and that you cannot unignore these paths.

Björn

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Sitaram Chamarty]

On 2009-02-25, Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> wrote:
> Sitaram Chamarty <sitaramc@gmail.com> writes:

>> I can use this.  Can we keep it in the same section, despite
>> being technically not a '_how_'?  It fits the other sections
>> even less, and the sectioning is the main thing in all this.
>
> I thought making the text easier to follow was the main thing.

I meant the sectioning was the main change to make the text
easier to follow, since the words are mostly the same
otherwise.

> Sectioning could be part of the solution, but if we find that the boundary
> between sections are blurry, or if there are too many sections compared to
> the number of rules, perhaps dividing them into sections and giving each a
> separate section header may make them even harder to follow.

I'm ambivalent on this, so I appreciate the tie-breaker.

> I am actually very tempted to say that the correct description of the
> gitignore language is:

I see you've used 'pattern' and 'sign' to break the
overloading of '/'.

>     - an optional ! sign whose meaning is "unignore paths that matches
>       this pattern, instead of ignoring them"; followed by
>
>     - an optional / sign whose meaning is "a match with this pattern must
>       be made at this directory and not in its subdirectories"; followed
>       by
>
>     - a pattern that never begins nor ends with a slash whose meaning is
>       "this is a shell glob pattern to test paths against"; followed by

I wish[1].  But in reality, a slash 'inside' anchors the
match the same as a leading slash does.

Boy this is tough :-) and I'm almost tempted to relook at my
first attempt, where your only concerns were the words
'otherwise' and 'anywhere else' for non-native speakers.

I'll think about this some more and get back to you.

Regards,

Sitaram

[1] Would have been much simpler, plus you'd be able to
specify a non-anchored pattern that contains a slash, which
you currently cannot.

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Sitaram Chamarty]

On 2009-02-26, Sitaram Chamarty <sitaramc@gmail.com> wrote:

> On 2009-02-25, Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> wrote:

> I see you've used 'pattern' and 'sign' to break the
> overloading of '/'.
>
>>     - an optional ! sign whose meaning is "unignore paths that matches
>>       this pattern, instead of ignoring them"; followed by
>>
>>     - an optional / sign whose meaning is "a match with this pattern must
>>       be made at this directory and not in its subdirectories"; followed
>>       by
>>
>>     - a pattern that never begins nor ends with a slash whose meaning is
>>       "this is a shell glob pattern to test paths against"; followed by
>
> I wish[1].  But in reality, a slash 'inside' anchors the
> match the same as a leading slash does.
>
> Boy this is tough :-) and I'm almost tempted to relook at my
> first attempt, where your only concerns were the words
> 'otherwise' and 'anywhere else' for non-native speakers.
>
> I'll think about this some more and get back to you.

How about this:

----8<----

    - an optional leading ! symbol meaning "unignore paths
      that match this pattern, instead of ignoring them"

    - an optional trailing / symbol meaning "this pattern
      matches only with a directory (i.e., files and
      symlinks won't match)"

    - the above two symbols (if present) are then removed.
      What remains is treated as a normal shell glob
      pattern, with the additional restriction that if the
      pattern still contains a slash, it matches only at the
      current directory and not in its subdirectories

----8<----

I'm not going into the 'descend' thing; based on how the
email from Björn Steinbrink plays out, we can describe that
later.  Same for 'current directory', which stands for the
root of the work-tree if the pattern came from
.git/info/exclude or a core.excludesfile; this also can be
added as a footnote.

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Junio C Hamano]

Sitaram Chamarty <sitaramc@gmail.com> writes:

> How about this:
>
> ----8<----
>
>     - an optional leading ! symbol meaning "unignore paths
>       that match this pattern, instead of ignoring them"
>
>     - an optional trailing / symbol meaning "this pattern
>       matches only with a directory (i.e., files and
>       symlinks won't match)"
>
>     - the above two symbols (if present) are then removed.
>       What remains is treated as a normal shell glob
>       pattern, with the additional restriction that if the
>       pattern still contains a slash, it matches only at the
>       current directory and not in its subdirectories

Sure, but then you are not stripping the leading / from the pattern but
you do not use it for the purpose of matching, right?

I think your original before I wondered about the ambiguity is the best
rewrite so far.

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Brent Goodrick]

Thanks James and Junio.  I'll try the leading slash. I assumed that
the beginning slash means what it means for other tools (meaning a
fully-qualified path to some file somewhere on the file system), but
apparently such is not the case with git (and I conclude from this
that it is actually not possible to store fully qualified paths
_unless_ the $GIT_DIR is right under the root filesystem).  This isn't
a problem for me, and probably not for most folks, but it was
confusing to me the way it was written in the man page.

Brent


On Mon, Feb 23, 2009 at 11:06 PM, Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> wrote:
>
> Brent Goodrick <bgoodr@gmail.com> writes:
>
> > Say I have these files and directories [2]:
> >
> >   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/.gitignore
> >   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/foo/
> >   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/
> >   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/baz/foo/
> >   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/baz/real/
> >
> > then I do:
> >
> >   cd /home/smart_tator/misc_files/; git init
> >
> > and say I have this line in that .gitignore file:
> >
> >   foo/
> >
> > And then I naively execute:
> >
> >   git add bar/
> >
> > then the bar/baz/real/ is added, but these are dutifully ignored:
> >
> >   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/foo/
> >   /home/smart_tator/misc_files/bar/baz/foo/
>
> I think you are looking for "/foo/".  From Documentation/gitignore.txt:
>
>  - If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the
>   purpose of the following description, but it would only find
>   a match with a directory.  In other words, `foo/` will match a
>   directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
>   regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
>   with the way how pathspec works in general in git).
>
> With this rule, (1) the trailing slash in your "foo/" tells git to match
> only with directories, but (2) it behaves as if you said "foo" for all the
> other rules.
>
> With "/foo/", you tell git to match only with a directory, and it is as if
> you said "/foo".
>
>  - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
>   a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
>   pathname without leading directories.
>
> Your "foo/" now behaves the same way as "foo" behaves.  You are telling
> git to match directory foo anywhere in the tree.  "/foo/" (now behaving
> the same way as "/foo") does not satisfy this criteria so we would skip
> this rule.
>
>  - Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
>   for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
>   wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
>   For example, "Documentation/\*.html" matches
>   "Documentation/git.html" but not
>   "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html".  A leading slash matches the
>   beginning of the pathname; for example, "/*.c" matches
>   "cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
>
> Your "foo/" does not survive to this rule, but "/foo/" does.  It now
> behaves as "/foo" and its leading slash makes it match the beginning.

Re: How do I qualify paths in the .gitignore file w.r.t. the repo root directory?

[Sitaram Chamarty]

On 2009-02-25, Brent Goodrick <bgoodr@gmail.com> wrote:
> apparently such is not the case with git (and I conclude from this
> that it is actually not possible to store fully qualified paths
> _unless_ the $GIT_DIR is right under the root filesystem).  This isn't
> a problem for me, and probably not for most folks, but it was

I suspect it's not _useful_ also, because it would prevent
you from relocating your git work tree to some other path
while getting predictable results.  I'm unable to think of a
use-case where that would be desirable, but I admit I
haven't thought about it too much.

> confusing to me the way it was written in the man page.

If you could look at either of my two submissions in this
thread, and comment on whether they would have helped you in
this regard, I'd appreciate it very much.

I prefer the second one that I sent, but don't let that
prejudice you ;-)