From: Raag Jadav <raag.jadav@intel.com>
To: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
Cc: riana.tauro@intel.com, michal.wajdeczko@intel.com,
lukasz.laguna@intel.com, matthew.d.roper@intel.com,
matthew.brost@intel.com, rodrigo.vivi@intel.com,
Raag Jadav <raag.jadav@intel.com>
Subject: [PATCH v2 3/5] drm/xe: Introduce xe_wedge
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 2026 09:55:51 +0530 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20260831042633.1760474-4-raag.jadav@intel.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20260831042633.1760474-1-raag.jadav@intel.com>
Consolidate wedging implementation into a dedicated xe_wedge component
for better maintainability.
No functional impact.
Signed-off-by: Raag Jadav <raag.jadav@intel.com>
---
Documentation/gpu/xe/xe_device.rst | 2 +-
drivers/gpu/drm/xe/Makefile | 1 +
drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_device.c | 186 +-----------------------
drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_device.h | 11 +-
drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_wedge.c | 219 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_wedge.h | 20 +++
6 files changed, 243 insertions(+), 196 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_wedge.c
create mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_wedge.h
diff --git a/Documentation/gpu/xe/xe_device.rst b/Documentation/gpu/xe/xe_device.rst
index d3a022362ade..8baed81580c9 100644
--- a/Documentation/gpu/xe/xe_device.rst
+++ b/Documentation/gpu/xe/xe_device.rst
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
Xe Device Wedging
==================
-.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_device.c
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_wedge.c
:doc: Xe Device Wedging
====================
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/Makefile
index adc2de37e768..c739a50b6896 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/Makefile
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ xe-y += xe_bb.o \
xe_vsec.o \
xe_wa.o \
xe_wait_user_fence.o \
+ xe_wedge.o \
xe_wopcm.o
xe-$(CONFIG_I2C) += xe_i2c.o \
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_device.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_device.c
index 49e3f6f66588..d3a7034fac01 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_device.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_device.c
@@ -829,10 +829,7 @@ int xe_device_probe_early(struct xe_device *xe)
*/
assert_lmem_ready(xe);
- xe->wedged.mode = xe_device_validate_wedged_mode(xe, xe_modparam.wedged_mode) ?
- XE_DEFAULT_WEDGED_MODE : xe_modparam.wedged_mode;
- drm_dbg(&xe->drm, "wedged_mode: setting mode (%u) %s\n",
- xe->wedged.mode, xe_wedged_mode_to_string(xe->wedged.mode));
+ xe_device_wedged_init_early(xe);
err = xe_device_vram_alloc(xe);
if (err)
@@ -924,25 +921,6 @@ static void detect_preproduction_hw(struct xe_device *xe)
}
}
-static void wedged_work(struct work_struct *work);
-
-static void xe_device_wedged_fini(struct drm_device *drm, void *arg)
-{
- struct xe_device *xe = arg;
-
- disable_work_sync(&xe->wedged.work);
-
- if (atomic_read(&xe->wedged.flag))
- xe_pm_runtime_put(xe);
-}
-
-static int xe_device_wedged_init(struct xe_device *xe)
-{
- INIT_WORK(&xe->wedged.work, wedged_work);
-
- return drmm_add_action_or_reset(&xe->drm, xe_device_wedged_fini, xe);
-}
-
#ifdef CONFIG_DRM_XE_DEBUG_PAGE_SIZE
static int xe_debug_page_size_alloc_ctrl_init(struct xe_device *xe)
{
@@ -1405,168 +1383,6 @@ u64 xe_device_uncanonicalize_addr(struct xe_device *xe, u64 address)
return address & GENMASK_ULL(xe->info.va_bits - 1, 0);
}
-/**
- * DOC: Xe Device Wedging
- *
- * Xe driver uses drm device wedged uevent as documented in Documentation/gpu/drm-uapi.rst.
- * When device is in wedged state, every IOCTL will be blocked and GT cannot
- * be used. The conditions under which the driver declares the device wedged
- * depend on the wedged mode configuration (see &enum xe_wedged_mode). The
- * default recovery method for a wedged state is rebind/bus-reset.
- *
- * Another recovery method is vendor-specific. Below are the cases that send
- * ``WEDGED=vendor-specific`` recovery method in drm device wedged uevent.
- *
- * Case: Firmware Flash
- * --------------------
- *
- * Identification Hint
- * +++++++++++++++++++
- *
- * ``WEDGED=vendor-specific`` drm device wedged uevent with
- * :ref:`Runtime Survivability mode <xe-survivability-mode>` is used to notify
- * admin/userspace consumer about the need for a firmware flash.
- *
- * Recovery Procedure
- * ++++++++++++++++++
- *
- * Once ``WEDGED=vendor-specific`` drm device wedged uevent is received, follow
- * the below steps
- *
- * - Check Runtime Survivability mode sysfs.
- * If enabled, firmware flash is required to recover the device.
- *
- * /sys/bus/pci/devices/<device>/survivability_mode
- *
- * - Admin/userspace consumer can use firmware flashing tools like fwupd to flash
- * firmware and restore device to normal operation.
- */
-
-/**
- * xe_device_set_wedged_method - Set wedged recovery method
- * @xe: xe device instance
- * @method: recovery method to set
- *
- * Set wedged recovery method to be sent in drm wedged uevent.
- */
-void xe_device_set_wedged_method(struct xe_device *xe, unsigned long method)
-{
- xe->wedged.method = method;
-}
-
-static void wedged_work(struct work_struct *work)
-{
- struct xe_device *xe = container_of(work, struct xe_device, wedged.work);
-
- /*
- * XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_ANY_HANG_NO_RESET is intended for debugging
- * hangs, so wedge the device with 'none' recovery method and have
- * it available to the user for debugging.
- */
- if (xe->wedged.mode == XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_ANY_HANG_NO_RESET)
- xe_device_set_wedged_method(xe, DRM_WEDGE_RECOVERY_NONE);
- /* If no wedge recovery method is set, use default */
- else if (!xe->wedged.method)
- xe_device_set_wedged_method(xe, DRM_WEDGE_RECOVERY_REBIND |
- DRM_WEDGE_RECOVERY_BUS_RESET);
-
- /* Notify userspace of wedged device */
- drm_dev_wedged_event(&xe->drm, xe->wedged.method, NULL);
-}
-
-#define WEDGED_URL "https://docs.kernel.org/gpu/drm-uapi.html#device-wedging"
-#define XE_BUG_URL "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/xe/kernel/issues/new"
-
-/**
- * xe_device_declare_wedged - Declare device wedged
- * @xe: xe device instance
- *
- * This is a final state that can only be cleared with the recovery method
- * specified in the drm wedged uevent. The method can be set using
- * xe_device_set_wedged_method before declaring the device as wedged. If no method
- * is set, reprobe (unbind/re-bind) will be sent by default.
- *
- * In this state every IOCTL will be blocked so the GT cannot be used.
- * In general it will be called upon any critical error such as gt reset
- * failure or guc loading failure. Userspace will be notified of this state
- * through device wedged uevent.
- * If xe.wedged module parameter is set to 2, this function will be called
- * on every single execution timeout (a.k.a. GPU hang) right after devcoredump
- * snapshot capture. In this mode, GT reset won't be attempted so the state of
- * the issue is preserved for further debugging.
- */
-void xe_device_declare_wedged(struct xe_device *xe)
-{
- struct xe_gt *gt;
- u8 id;
-
- if (xe->wedged.mode == XE_WEDGED_MODE_NEVER) {
- drm_dbg(&xe->drm, "Wedged mode is forcibly disabled\n");
- return;
- }
-
- if (!atomic_xchg(&xe->wedged.flag, 1)) {
- xe->needs_flr_on_fini = true;
- xe_pm_runtime_get_noresume(xe);
-
- xe_log_err_fatal(xe, WEDGED, -EIO, "Device declared wedged!\n");
- xe_err_once(xe, "IOCTLs and executions are now blocked!\n"
- "For recovery procedure, refer to %s\n"
- "Please file a _new_ bug report at %s\n",
- WEDGED_URL, XE_BUG_URL);
-
- for_each_gt(gt, xe, id)
- xe_gt_declare_wedged(gt);
-
- schedule_work(&xe->wedged.work);
- }
-}
-
-/**
- * xe_device_validate_wedged_mode - Check if given mode is supported
- * @xe: the &xe_device
- * @mode: requested mode to validate
- *
- * Check whether the provided wedged mode is supported.
- *
- * Return: 0 if mode is supported, error code otherwise.
- */
-int xe_device_validate_wedged_mode(struct xe_device *xe, unsigned int mode)
-{
- if (mode > XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_ANY_HANG_NO_RESET) {
- drm_dbg(&xe->drm, "wedged_mode: invalid value (%u)\n", mode);
- return -EINVAL;
- } else if (mode == XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_ANY_HANG_NO_RESET && (IS_SRIOV_VF(xe) ||
- (IS_SRIOV_PF(xe) && !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DRM_XE_DEBUG)))) {
- drm_dbg(&xe->drm, "wedged_mode: (%u) %s mode is not supported for %s\n",
- mode, xe_wedged_mode_to_string(mode),
- xe_sriov_mode_to_string(xe_device_sriov_mode(xe)));
- return -EPERM;
- }
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * xe_wedged_mode_to_string - Convert enum value to string.
- * @mode: the &xe_wedged_mode to convert
- *
- * Returns: wedged mode as a user friendly string.
- */
-const char *xe_wedged_mode_to_string(enum xe_wedged_mode mode)
-{
- switch (mode) {
- case XE_WEDGED_MODE_NEVER:
- return "never";
- case XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_CRITICAL_ERROR:
- return "upon-critical-error";
- case XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_ANY_HANG_NO_RESET:
- return "upon-any-hang-no-reset";
- default:
- return "<invalid>";
- }
-}
-
/**
* xe_device_asid_to_vm() - Find VM from ASID
* @xe: the &xe_device
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_device.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_device.h
index 6c4cfaebc44a..c984972bd0f8 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_device.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_device.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
#include "xe_device_types.h"
#include "xe_gt_types.h"
#include "xe_sriov.h"
+#include "xe_wedge.h"
struct xe_vm;
@@ -207,11 +208,6 @@ bool xe_device_is_l2_flush_optimized(struct xe_device *xe);
void xe_device_td_flush(struct xe_device *xe);
void xe_device_l2_flush(struct xe_device *xe);
-static inline bool xe_device_wedged(struct xe_device *xe)
-{
- return atomic_read(&xe->wedged.flag);
-}
-
#ifdef CONFIG_DRM_XE_DEBUG_PAGE_SIZE
static inline bool xe_debug_page_size_supported(struct xe_device *xe)
{
@@ -260,11 +256,6 @@ static inline bool xe_debug_page_size_mode_is_mixed(struct xe_device *xe)
}
#endif
-void xe_device_set_wedged_method(struct xe_device *xe, unsigned long method);
-void xe_device_declare_wedged(struct xe_device *xe);
-int xe_device_validate_wedged_mode(struct xe_device *xe, unsigned int mode);
-const char *xe_wedged_mode_to_string(enum xe_wedged_mode mode);
-
struct xe_file *xe_file_get(struct xe_file *xef);
void xe_file_put(struct xe_file *xef);
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_wedge.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_wedge.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..92973133a6f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_wedge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2026 Intel Corporation
+ */
+
+#include <drm/drm_drv.h>
+#include <drm/drm_managed.h>
+
+#include "xe_defaults.h"
+#include "xe_device_types.h"
+#include "xe_gt.h"
+#include "xe_log.h"
+#include "xe_module.h"
+#include "xe_pm.h"
+#include "xe_printk.h"
+
+/**
+ * DOC: Xe Device Wedging
+ *
+ * Xe driver uses drm device wedged uevent as documented in Documentation/gpu/drm-uapi.rst.
+ * When device is in wedged state, every IOCTL will be blocked and GT cannot
+ * be used. The conditions under which the driver declares the device wedged
+ * depend on the wedge mode configuration (see &enum xe_wedged_mode). The
+ * default recovery method for a wedged state is rebind/bus-reset.
+ *
+ * Another recovery method is vendor-specific. Below are the cases that send
+ * ``WEDGED=vendor-specific`` recovery method in drm device wedged uevent.
+ *
+ * Case: Firmware Flash
+ * --------------------
+ *
+ * Identification Hint
+ * +++++++++++++++++++
+ *
+ * ``WEDGED=vendor-specific`` drm device wedged uevent with
+ * :ref:`Runtime Survivability mode <xe-survivability-mode>` is used to notify
+ * admin/userspace consumer about the need for a firmware flash.
+ *
+ * Recovery Procedure
+ * ++++++++++++++++++
+ *
+ * Once ``WEDGED=vendor-specific`` drm device wedged uevent is received, follow
+ * the below steps
+ *
+ * - Check Runtime Survivability mode sysfs.
+ * If enabled, firmware flash is required to recover the device.
+ *
+ * /sys/bus/pci/devices/<device>/survivability_mode
+ *
+ * - Admin/userspace consumer can use firmware flashing tools like fwupd to flash
+ * firmware and restore device to normal operation.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * xe_device_set_wedged_method() - Set wedge recovery method
+ * @xe: xe device instance
+ * @method: recovery method to set
+ *
+ * Set wedge recovery method to be sent in drm wedged uevent.
+ */
+void xe_device_set_wedged_method(struct xe_device *xe, unsigned long method)
+{
+ xe->wedged.method = method;
+}
+
+/**
+ * xe_device_wedged() - Check for wedged device
+ * @xe: xe device instance
+ *
+ * Returns: %true if device is wedged, %false otherwise.
+ */
+bool xe_device_wedged(struct xe_device *xe)
+{
+ return atomic_read(&xe->wedged.flag);
+}
+
+static void wedge_work(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+ struct xe_device *xe = container_of(work, struct xe_device, wedged.work);
+
+ /*
+ * XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_ANY_HANG_NO_RESET is intended for debugging
+ * hangs, so wedge the device with 'none' recovery method and have
+ * it available to the user for debugging.
+ */
+ if (xe->wedged.mode == XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_ANY_HANG_NO_RESET)
+ xe_device_set_wedged_method(xe, DRM_WEDGE_RECOVERY_NONE);
+ /* If no wedge recovery method is set, use default */
+ else if (!xe->wedged.method)
+ xe_device_set_wedged_method(xe, DRM_WEDGE_RECOVERY_REBIND |
+ DRM_WEDGE_RECOVERY_BUS_RESET);
+
+ /* Notify userspace of wedged device */
+ drm_dev_wedged_event(&xe->drm, xe->wedged.method, NULL);
+}
+
+#define WEDGED_URL "https://docs.kernel.org/gpu/drm-uapi.html#device-wedging"
+#define XE_BUG_URL "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/xe/kernel/issues/new"
+
+/**
+ * xe_device_declare_wedged() - Declare device wedged
+ * @xe: xe device instance
+ *
+ * This is a final state that can only be cleared with the recovery method
+ * specified in the drm wedged uevent. The method can be set using
+ * xe_device_set_wedged_method() before declaring the device as wedged.
+ * If no method is set, rebind/bus-reset will be sent by default.
+ *
+ * In this state every IOCTL will be blocked so the GT cannot be used.
+ * In general it will be called upon any critical error such as gt reset
+ * failure or guc loading failure. Userspace will be notified of this state
+ * through device wedged uevent.
+ * If xe.wedged module parameter is set to 2, this function will be called
+ * on every single execution timeout (a.k.a. GPU hang) right after devcoredump
+ * snapshot capture. In this mode, GT reset won't be attempted so the state of
+ * the issue is preserved for further debugging.
+ *
+ * Since the wedge handling is done as part of worker thread, this is safe for
+ * atomic callers.
+ */
+void xe_device_declare_wedged(struct xe_device *xe)
+{
+ struct xe_gt *gt;
+ u8 id;
+
+ if (xe->wedged.mode == XE_WEDGED_MODE_NEVER) {
+ xe_dbg(xe, "Wedged mode is forcibly disabled\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (atomic_xchg(&xe->wedged.flag, 1))
+ return;
+
+ xe->needs_flr_on_fini = true;
+ xe_pm_runtime_get_noresume(xe);
+
+ xe_log_err_fatal(xe, WEDGED, -EIO, "Device declared wedged!\n");
+ xe_err_once(xe, "IOCTLs and executions are now blocked!\n"
+ "For recovery procedure, refer to %s\n"
+ "Please file a _new_ bug report at %s\n",
+ WEDGED_URL, XE_BUG_URL);
+
+ for_each_gt(gt, xe, id)
+ xe_gt_declare_wedged(gt);
+
+ schedule_work(&xe->wedged.work);
+}
+
+static const char *wedge_mode_to_string(enum xe_wedged_mode mode)
+{
+ switch (mode) {
+ case XE_WEDGED_MODE_NEVER:
+ return "never";
+ case XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_CRITICAL_ERROR:
+ return "upon-critical-error";
+ case XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_ANY_HANG_NO_RESET:
+ return "upon-any-hang-no-reset";
+ default:
+ return "<invalid>";
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * xe_device_validate_wedged_mode() - Check if given mode is supported
+ * @xe: the &xe_device
+ * @mode: requested mode to validate
+ *
+ * Check whether the provided wedged mode is supported.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 if mode is supported, error code otherwise.
+ */
+int xe_device_validate_wedged_mode(struct xe_device *xe, unsigned int mode)
+{
+ if (mode > XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_ANY_HANG_NO_RESET) {
+ xe_dbg(xe, "wedged_mode: invalid value (%u)\n", mode);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ } else if (mode == XE_WEDGED_MODE_UPON_ANY_HANG_NO_RESET && (IS_SRIOV_VF(xe) ||
+ (IS_SRIOV_PF(xe) && !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DRM_XE_DEBUG)))) {
+ xe_dbg(xe, "wedged_mode: (%u) %s mode is not supported for %s\n",
+ mode, wedge_mode_to_string(mode),
+ xe_sriov_mode_to_string(xe_device_sriov_mode(xe)));
+ return -EPERM;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * xe_device_wedged_init_early() - Set wedge mode passed as module parameter
+ * @xe: xe device instance
+ */
+void xe_device_wedged_init_early(struct xe_device *xe)
+{
+ xe->wedged.mode = xe_device_validate_wedged_mode(xe, xe_modparam.wedged_mode) ?
+ XE_DEFAULT_WEDGED_MODE : xe_modparam.wedged_mode;
+ xe_dbg(xe, "wedged_mode: setting mode (%u) %s\n",
+ xe->wedged.mode, wedge_mode_to_string(xe->wedged.mode));
+}
+
+static void xe_device_wedged_fini(struct drm_device *drm, void *arg)
+{
+ struct xe_device *xe = arg;
+
+ disable_work_sync(&xe->wedged.work);
+
+ if (atomic_read(&xe->wedged.flag))
+ xe_pm_runtime_put(xe);
+}
+
+/**
+ * xe_device_wedged_init() - Initialize wedge
+ * @xe: xe device instance
+ */
+int xe_device_wedged_init(struct xe_device *xe)
+{
+ INIT_WORK(&xe->wedged.work, wedge_work);
+
+ return drmm_add_action_or_reset(&xe->drm, xe_device_wedged_fini, xe);
+}
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_wedge.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_wedge.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c6f16b10ea69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_wedge.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT */
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2026 Intel Corporation
+ */
+
+#ifndef _XE_WEDGE_H_
+#define _XE_WEDGE_H_
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+struct xe_device;
+
+void xe_device_declare_wedged(struct xe_device *xe);
+bool xe_device_wedged(struct xe_device *xe);
+void xe_device_wedged_init_early(struct xe_device *xe);
+int xe_device_wedged_init(struct xe_device *xe);
+int xe_device_validate_wedged_mode(struct xe_device *xe, unsigned int mode);
+void xe_device_set_wedged_method(struct xe_device *xe, unsigned long method);
+
+#endif
--
2.43.0
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-08-31 4:27 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 11+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-08-31 4:25 [PATCH v2 0/5] Introduce xe_wedge Raag Jadav
2026-08-31 4:25 ` [PATCH v2 1/5] drm/xe/gt: Use GT ordered workqueue for wedging Raag Jadav
2026-08-31 4:25 ` [PATCH v2 2/5] drm/xe: Make xe_device_declare_wedged() IRQ safe Raag Jadav
2026-08-31 4:40 ` sashiko-bot
2026-08-31 4:25 ` Raag Jadav [this message]
2026-09-02 17:56 ` [PATCH v2 3/5] drm/xe: Introduce xe_wedge Rodrigo Vivi
2026-08-31 4:25 ` [PATCH v2 4/5] drm/xe/debugfs: Consolidate wedged_mode debt into xe_wedge Raag Jadav
2026-08-31 4:25 ` [PATCH v2 5/5] drm/xe/wedge: Update naming to match with xe_wedge Raag Jadav
2026-08-31 4:35 ` sashiko-bot
2026-08-31 4:33 ` ✗ CI.checkpatch: warning for Introduce xe_wedge Patchwork
2026-08-31 4:34 ` ✗ CI.KUnit: failure " Patchwork
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=20260831042633.1760474-4-raag.jadav@intel.com \
--to=raag.jadav@intel.com \
--cc=intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org \
--cc=lukasz.laguna@intel.com \
--cc=matthew.brost@intel.com \
--cc=matthew.d.roper@intel.com \
--cc=michal.wajdeczko@intel.com \
--cc=riana.tauro@intel.com \
--cc=rodrigo.vivi@intel.com \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox