From: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb+git@google.com>
To: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, will@kernel.org,
catalin.marinas@arm.com, mark.rutland@arm.com,
Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>,
Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>,
Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>,
Liz Prucka <lizprucka@google.com>,
Seth Jenkins <sethjenkins@google.com>,
Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>, Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>,
David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>,
linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org,
linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org, linux-sh@vger.kernel.org,
Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>,
Feng Tang <feng.tang@linux.alibaba.com>
Subject: [PATCH v6 14/15] mm: Make empty_zero_page[] const
Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 19:59:01 +0200 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20260526175846.2694125-31-ardb+git@google.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20260526175846.2694125-17-ardb+git@google.com>
From: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The empty zero page is used to back any kernel or user space mapping
that is supposed to remain cleared, and so the page itself is never
supposed to be modified.
So mark it as const, which moves it into .rodata rather than .bss: on
most architectures, this ensures that both the kernel's mapping of it
and any aliases that are accessible via the kernel direct (linear) map
are mapped read-only, and cannot be used (inadvertently or maliciously)
to corrupt the contents of the zero page.
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
---
include/linux/pgtable.h | 2 +-
mm/mm_init.c | 2 +-
2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/pgtable.h b/include/linux/pgtable.h
index cdd68ed3ae1a..67aa23814010 100644
--- a/include/linux/pgtable.h
+++ b/include/linux/pgtable.h
@@ -1993,7 +1993,7 @@ static inline unsigned long zero_pfn(unsigned long addr)
return zero_page_pfn;
}
-extern uint8_t empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE];
+extern const uint8_t empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE];
extern struct page *__zero_page;
static inline struct page *_zero_page(unsigned long addr)
diff --git a/mm/mm_init.c b/mm/mm_init.c
index f9f8e1af921c..46cf001238c5 100644
--- a/mm/mm_init.c
+++ b/mm/mm_init.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ unsigned long zero_page_pfn __ro_after_init;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(zero_page_pfn);
#ifndef __HAVE_COLOR_ZERO_PAGE
-uint8_t empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE] __page_aligned_bss;
+const uint8_t empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE] __aligned(PAGE_SIZE);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page);
struct page *__zero_page __ro_after_init;
--
2.54.0.794.g4f17f83d09-goog
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-05-26 18:00 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 16+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-05-26 17:58 [PATCH v6 00/15] arm64: Unmap linear alias of kernel data/bss Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 01/15] arm64: mm: Remove bogus stop condition from map_mem() loop Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 02/15] arm64: mm: Drop redundant pgd_t* argument from map_mem() Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 03/15] arm64: mm: Check for pud_/pmd_set_huge() failures on kernel mappings Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 04/15] arm64: mm: Preserve existing table mappings when mapping DRAM Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 05/15] arm64: mm: Preserve non-contiguous descriptors " Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 06/15] arm64: mm: Permit contiguous descriptors to be manipulated Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 07/15] arm64: kfence: Avoid NOMAP tricks when mapping the early pool Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 08/15] arm64: mm: Permit contiguous attribute for preliminary mappings Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 09/15] arm64: Move fixmap and kasan page tables to end of kernel image Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 10/15] arm64: mm: Don't abuse memblock NOMAP to check for overlaps Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 11/15] arm64: mm: Map the kernel data/bss read-only in the linear map Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:58 ` [PATCH v6 12/15] powerpc/code-patching: Avoid r/w mapping of the zero page Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:59 ` [PATCH v6 13/15] sh: cast away constness from the zero page when flushing it from the cache Ard Biesheuvel
2026-05-26 17:59 ` Ard Biesheuvel [this message]
2026-05-26 17:59 ` [PATCH v6 15/15] arm64: mm: Unmap kernel data/bss entirely from the linear map Ard Biesheuvel
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