From: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
To: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>,
linux-block@vger.kernel.org, Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>,
linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org,
"Martin K . Petersen" <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Subject: [PATCH v8 08/12] zloop: add degrade_element control command
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 18:51:40 +0900 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20261109095144.819709-9-dlemoal@kernel.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20261109095144.819709-1-dlemoal@kernel.org>
Allow users to mark storage elements of a zloop device as degraded using
the new "degrade_element" control command. The element to degrade is
indicated using the element_id option. Example:
echo "degrade_element id=0,element_id=2" > /dev/zloop-control
If the element ID identifies an all access storage element, both read and
write operations targeting a zone served by the degraded element are
failed. In the case of a partial access storage element, any write access
to a zone whose write element is degraded will fail, and read accesses
to a zone whose read element is degraded will result in an error.
The zoned_loop.rst documentation file is also updated to explain this new
feature.
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <mkp@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@kernel.org>
---
.../admin-guide/blockdev/zoned_loop.rst | 22 +++-
drivers/block/zloop.c | 100 +++++++++++++++++-
2 files changed, 119 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zoned_loop.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zoned_loop.rst
index 80a564836c1b..d378fbdc1983 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zoned_loop.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zoned_loop.rst
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ The options available for the add command can be listed by reading the
$ cat /dev/zloop-control
add id=%d,capacity_mb=%u,zone_size_mb=%u,zone_capacity_mb=%u,conv_zones=%u,max_open_zones=%u,base_dir=%s,nr_queues=%u,queue_depth=%u,buffered_io,zone_append=%u,ordered_zone_append,discard_write_cache,stor_elements=%u
remove id=%d
+ degrade_element id=%d,element_id=%u
In more details, the options that can be used with the "add" command are as
follows.
@@ -144,7 +145,26 @@ the zoned device will not be created.
To fully delete a zoned device, after executing the remove operation, the device
base directory containing the backing files of the device zones must be deleted.
-4) Example
+4) Degrading a storage element
+------------------------------
+
+When storage element emulation is enabled, storage elements can be set in a
+degraded state to emulate defective storage elements (e.g. defective heads of a
+hard disk). This is done by issuing the "degrade_element" command to
+/dev/zloop-control, specifying the ID of the target device and the ID of the
+storage element to degrade::
+
+ $ echo "degrade_element id=X,element_id=Y" > /dev/zloop-control
+
+Depending on the type of the storage element specified, a read or write access
+to sectors of a zone served by a degraded storage element will result in a
+failure. For partial access storage elements, write accesses are always failed
+if the write element serving the zone is degraded. Likewise, read accesses are
+failed if the read element serving the zone is degraded. When storage elements
+are emulated as all access physical elements, both read and write operations are
+failed when the storage element serving the zones being accessed is degraded.
+
+5) Example
----------
The following sequence of commands creates a 2GB zoned device with zones of 64
diff --git a/drivers/block/zloop.c b/drivers/block/zloop.c
index 75506e6a4d75..c4a0a845a096 100644
--- a/drivers/block/zloop.c
+++ b/drivers/block/zloop.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ enum {
ZLOOP_OPT_DISCARD_WRITE_CACHE = (1 << 11),
ZLOOP_OPT_MAX_OPEN_ZONES = (1 << 12),
ZLOOP_OPT_STOR_ELEMENTS = (1 << 13),
+ ZLOOP_OPT_ELEMENT_ID = (1 << 14),
};
static const match_table_t zloop_opt_tokens = {
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ static const match_table_t zloop_opt_tokens = {
{ ZLOOP_OPT_DISCARD_WRITE_CACHE, "discard_write_cache" },
{ ZLOOP_OPT_MAX_OPEN_ZONES, "max_open_zones=%u" },
{ ZLOOP_OPT_STOR_ELEMENTS, "stor_elements=%u" },
+ { ZLOOP_OPT_ELEMENT_ID, "element_id=%u" },
{ ZLOOP_OPT_ERR, NULL }
};
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ enum zloop_stor_elements {
#define ZLOOP_DEF_ZONE_APPEND true
#define ZLOOP_DEF_ORDERED_ZONE_APPEND false
#define ZLOOP_DEF_STOR_ELEMENTS ZLOOP_STOR_ELEMENTS_NONE
+#define ZLOOP_DEF_ELEMENT_ID 0
/* Arbitrary limit on the zone size (16GB). */
#define ZLOOP_MAX_ZONE_SIZE_MB 16384
@@ -102,6 +105,7 @@ struct zloop_options {
bool ordered_zone_append;
bool discard_write_cache;
enum zloop_stor_elements stor_elements;
+ unsigned int element_id;
};
/*
@@ -1208,6 +1212,31 @@ static int zloop_report_elements(struct gendisk *disk,
return 0;
}
+static int zloop_degrade_element(struct zloop_device *zlo,
+ unsigned int element_id)
+{
+ struct blk_se *se;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ if (zlo->stor_elements == ZLOOP_STOR_ELEMENTS_NONE)
+ return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+ if (!element_id || element_id > zlo->nr_elements)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ mutex_lock(&zlo->stor_elements_lock);
+
+ se = &zlo->elements[element_id - 1];
+ if (READ_ONCE(se->status) == BLK_SE_STS_OK)
+ WRITE_ONCE(se->status, BLK_SE_STS_DEGRADED);
+ else
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+
+ mutex_unlock(&zlo->stor_elements_lock);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
static int zloop_execute_remove_element(struct zloop_device *zlo)
{
struct gendisk *disk = zlo->disk;
@@ -1791,6 +1820,11 @@ static int zloop_ctl_add(struct zloop_options *opts)
int ret = -EINVAL;
bool restore;
+ if (opts->mask & ZLOOP_OPT_ELEMENT_ID) {
+ pr_err("Invalid option specified for add\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
__module_get(THIS_MODULE);
nr_zones = opts->capacity >> ilog2(opts->zone_size);
@@ -2074,6 +2108,49 @@ static int zloop_ctl_remove(struct zloop_options *opts)
return 0;
}
+static int zloop_ctl_degrade_element(struct zloop_options *opts)
+{
+ struct zloop_device *zlo;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ if (!(opts->mask & ZLOOP_OPT_ID)) {
+ pr_err("No ID specified for degrade_element\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (!(opts->mask & ZLOOP_OPT_ELEMENT_ID)) {
+ pr_err("No element ID specified for degrade_element\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (opts->mask & ~(ZLOOP_OPT_ID | ZLOOP_OPT_ELEMENT_ID)) {
+ pr_err("Invalid option specified for degrade_element\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ ret = mutex_lock_killable(&zloop_ctl_mutex);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ zlo = idr_find(&zloop_index_idr, opts->id);
+ if (!zlo || zlo->state == Zlo_creating)
+ ret = -ENODEV;
+ else if (zlo->state == Zlo_deleting)
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ if (ret)
+ goto unlock;
+
+ ret = zloop_degrade_element(zlo, opts->element_id);
+ if (!ret)
+ pr_info("%pg: degraded element %u\n",
+ zlo->disk->part0, opts->element_id);
+
+unlock:
+ mutex_unlock(&zloop_ctl_mutex);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
static int zloop_parse_options(struct zloop_options *opts, const char *buf)
{
substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
@@ -2094,6 +2171,7 @@ static int zloop_parse_options(struct zloop_options *opts, const char *buf)
opts->zone_append = ZLOOP_DEF_ZONE_APPEND;
opts->ordered_zone_append = ZLOOP_DEF_ORDERED_ZONE_APPEND;
opts->stor_elements = ZLOOP_DEF_STOR_ELEMENTS;
+ opts->element_id = ZLOOP_DEF_ELEMENT_ID;
if (!buf)
return 0;
@@ -2245,6 +2323,13 @@ static int zloop_parse_options(struct zloop_options *opts, const char *buf)
}
opts->stor_elements = token;
break;
+ case ZLOOP_OPT_ELEMENT_ID:
+ if (match_uint(args, &token)) {
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }
+ opts->element_id = token;
+ break;
case ZLOOP_OPT_ERR:
default:
pr_warn("unknown parameter or missing value '%s'\n", p);
@@ -2273,14 +2358,16 @@ static int zloop_parse_options(struct zloop_options *opts, const char *buf)
enum {
ZLOOP_CTL_ADD,
ZLOOP_CTL_REMOVE,
+ ZLOOP_CTL_DEGRADE_ELEMENT,
};
static struct zloop_ctl_op {
int code;
const char *name;
} zloop_ctl_ops[] = {
- { ZLOOP_CTL_ADD, "add" },
- { ZLOOP_CTL_REMOVE, "remove" },
+ { ZLOOP_CTL_ADD, "add" },
+ { ZLOOP_CTL_REMOVE, "remove" },
+ { ZLOOP_CTL_DEGRADE_ELEMENT, "degrade_element" },
{ -1, NULL },
};
@@ -2328,6 +2415,9 @@ static ssize_t zloop_ctl_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf,
case ZLOOP_CTL_REMOVE:
ret = zloop_ctl_remove(&opts);
break;
+ case ZLOOP_CTL_DEGRADE_ELEMENT:
+ ret = zloop_ctl_degrade_element(&opts);
+ break;
default:
pr_err("Invalid operation\n");
ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -2351,6 +2441,8 @@ static int zloop_ctl_show(struct seq_file *seq_file, void *private)
tok = &zloop_opt_tokens[i];
if (!tok->pattern)
break;
+ if (tok->token == ZLOOP_OPT_ELEMENT_ID)
+ continue;
if (i)
seq_putc(seq_file, ',');
seq_puts(seq_file, tok->pattern);
@@ -2361,6 +2453,10 @@ static int zloop_ctl_show(struct seq_file *seq_file, void *private)
seq_puts(seq_file, zloop_ctl_ops[1].name);
seq_puts(seq_file, " id=%d\n");
+ /* Degrade element operation */
+ seq_puts(seq_file, zloop_ctl_ops[2].name);
+ seq_puts(seq_file, " id=%d,element_id=%u\n");
+
return 0;
}
--
2.56.0
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-11-09 9:51 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 27+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-11-09 9:51 [PATCH v8 00/12] Add support for storage element depopulation Damien Le Moal
2026-11-09 9:51 ` [PATCH v8 01/12] block: introduce disk_zone_is_offline() Damien Le Moal
2026-11-09 9:51 ` [PATCH v8 02/12] block: refactor blk_revalidate_disk_zones() Damien Le Moal
2026-11-09 9:51 ` [PATCH v8 03/12] block: allow dropping all zone write plugs on revalidation Damien Le Moal
2026-11-09 11:13 ` Hannes Reinecke
2026-11-11 15:23 ` Christoph Hellwig
2026-11-09 9:51 ` [PATCH v8 04/12] block: introduce storage element management Damien Le Moal
2026-11-09 11:14 ` Hannes Reinecke
2026-11-11 15:24 ` Christoph Hellwig
2026-11-09 9:51 ` [PATCH v8 05/12] block: add storage element management ioctls Damien Le Moal
2026-11-09 11:15 ` Hannes Reinecke
2026-11-11 15:25 ` Christoph Hellwig
2026-11-09 9:51 ` [PATCH v8 06/12] zloop: fix zone reporting consistency Damien Le Moal
2026-11-09 11:16 ` Hannes Reinecke
2026-11-11 15:27 ` Christoph Hellwig
2026-11-09 9:51 ` [PATCH v8 07/12] zloop: add storage element emulation Damien Le Moal
2026-11-09 11:17 ` Hannes Reinecke
2026-11-09 9:51 ` Damien Le Moal [this message]
2026-11-09 9:51 ` [PATCH v8 09/12] scsi: scsi_proto: refine the definition of storage element health Damien Le Moal
2026-11-09 11:17 ` Hannes Reinecke
2026-11-11 15:28 ` Christoph Hellwig
2026-11-09 9:51 ` [PATCH v8 10/12] scsi: sd_zbc: always revalidate zones for disks supporting head depopulation Damien Le Moal
2026-11-09 11:18 ` Hannes Reinecke
2026-11-11 15:29 ` Christoph Hellwig
2026-11-09 9:51 ` [PATCH v8 11/12] scsi: sd_zbc: define storage element management operations Damien Le Moal
2026-11-09 11:21 ` Hannes Reinecke
2026-11-09 9:51 ` [PATCH v8 12/12] scsi: sd: fail read commands to offline zones early Damien Le Moal
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