* [PATCH v2 1/3] btrfs-progs: check/original: detect missing orphan items correctly
2025-07-26 22:32 [PATCH v2 0/3] btrfs-progs: check: add detection for missing root orphan items Qu Wenruo
@ 2025-07-26 22:33 ` Qu Wenruo
2025-07-26 22:33 ` [PATCH v2 2/3] btrfs-progs: check/lowmem: " Qu Wenruo
` (2 subsequent siblings)
3 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread
From: Qu Wenruo @ 2025-07-26 22:33 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-btrfs
[BUG]
If we have a filesystem with a subvolume that has 0 refs but without an
orphan item, btrfs check won't report any error on it.
$ btrfs ins dump-tree -t root /dev/test/scratch1
btrfs-progs v6.15
root tree
node 5242880 level 1 items 2 free space 119 generation 11 owner ROOT_TREE
node 5242880 flags 0x1(WRITTEN) backref revision 1
fs uuid ff32309e-4e90-4402-b1ef-0a1f9f28bfff
chunk uuid 6c373b6d-c866-4c8c-81fa-608bf5ef25e3
key (EXTENT_TREE ROOT_ITEM 0) block 5267456 gen 11
key (ROOT_TREE_DIR DIR_ITEM 2378154706) block 5246976 gen 11
leaf 5267456 items 6 free space 2339 generation 11 owner ROOT_TREE
leaf 5267456 flags 0x1(WRITTEN) backref revision 1
fs uuid ff32309e-4e90-4402-b1ef-0a1f9f28bfff
[...]
leaf 5246976 items 6 free space 1613 generation 11 owner ROOT_TREE
leaf 5246976 flags 0x1(WRITTEN) backref revision 1
checksum stored 47620783
checksum calced 47620783
fs uuid ff32309e-4e90-4402-b1ef-0a1f9f28bfff
chunk uuid 6c373b6d-c866-4c8c-81fa-608bf5ef25e3
[...]
item 4 key (256 ROOT_ITEM 0) itemoff 2202 itemsize 439
generation 9 root_dirid 256 bytenr 5898240 byte_limit 0 bytes_used 581632
last_snapshot 0 flags 0x1000000000000(none) refs 0 <<<
drop_progress key (0 UNKNOWN.0 0) drop_level 0
level 2 generation_v2 9
item 5 key (DATA_RELOC_TREE ROOT_ITEM 0) itemoff 1763 itemsize 439
generation 5 root_dirid 256 bytenr 5287936 byte_limit 0 bytes_used 4096
last_snapshot 0 flags 0x0(none) refs 1
drop_progress key (0 UNKNOWN.0 0) drop_level 0
level 0 generation_v2 5
^^^ No orphan item for subvolume 256.
Then "btrfs check" will not report anything wrong with it:
Opening filesystem to check...
Checking filesystem on /dev/test/scratch1
UUID: ff32309e-4e90-4402-b1ef-0a1f9f28bfff
[1/8] checking log skipped (none written)
[2/8] checking root items
[3/8] checking extents
[4/8] checking free space tree
[5/8] checking fs roots
[6/8] checking only csums items (without verifying data)
[7/8] checking root refs
[8/8] checking quota groups skipped (not enabled on this FS)
found 638976 bytes used, no error found <<<
total csum bytes: 0
total tree bytes: 638976
total fs tree bytes: 589824
total extent tree bytes: 16384
btree space waste bytes: 289501
file data blocks allocated: 0
referenced 0
[CAUSE]
Although we have check_orphan_item() call inside check_root_refs(), it
relies the root record to have its 'found_root_item' member set.
Otherwise it will not report this as an error.
But that 'found_root_item' is always set to 0, if the subvolume has zero
ref. This means any subvolume with 0 refs will not have its orphan item
checked.
[FIX]
- Introduce root_record::expected_ref to record the refs in the root
item
So that we can properly compare the number of refs for each subvolume
tree.
- Set root_record::found_root_item to one unconditionally in
check_fs_root()
Since we're accessing the fs root through the root item, the root item
must exist, no need to bother if the root_refs is zero or not.
- Enhance check_root_refs()
* Always check if btrfs_root_item::refs match root_record::found_ref
* If the fs tree has no ref, check for the orphan item
Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
---
check/main.c | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
check/mode-original.h | 3 +++
2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
diff --git a/check/main.c b/check/main.c
index b78eb59d0c50..84b6de597072 100644
--- a/check/main.c
+++ b/check/main.c
@@ -3491,22 +3491,29 @@ static int check_root_refs(struct btrfs_root *root,
rec = container_of(cache, struct root_record, cache);
cache = next_cache_extent(cache);
- if (rec->found_ref == 0 &&
- rec->objectid >= BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID &&
+ /* A subvolume tree, should check if its refs match. */
+ if (rec->objectid >= BTRFS_FIRST_CHUNK_TREE_OBJECTID &&
rec->objectid <= BTRFS_LAST_FREE_OBJECTID) {
- ret = check_orphan_item(gfs_info->tree_root, rec->objectid);
- if (ret == 0)
+ if (rec->found_ref != rec->expected_ref) {
+ errors++;
+ fprintf(stderr, "fs tree %llu refs mismatch found %u expect %u\n",
+ rec->objectid, rec->found_ref, rec->expected_ref);
continue;
-
- /*
- * If we don't have a root item then we likely just have
- * a dir item in a snapshot for this root but no actual
- * ref key or anything so it's meaningless.
- */
- if (!rec->found_root_item)
- continue;
- errors++;
- fprintf(stderr, "fs tree %llu not referenced\n", rec->objectid);
+ }
+ if (rec->expected_ref == 0) {
+ ret = check_orphan_item(gfs_info->tree_root, rec->objectid);
+ if (ret == 0)
+ continue;
+ /*
+ * If we don't have a root item then we likely just have
+ * a dir item in a snapshot for this root but no actual
+ * ref key or anything so it's meaningless.
+ */
+ if (!rec->found_root_item)
+ continue;
+ errors++;
+ fprintf(stderr, "fs tree %llu missing orphan item\n", rec->objectid);
+ }
}
error = 0;
@@ -3728,8 +3735,8 @@ static int check_fs_root(struct btrfs_root *root,
if (root->root_key.objectid != BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID) {
rec = get_root_rec(root_cache, root->root_key.objectid);
BUG_ON(IS_ERR(rec));
- if (btrfs_root_refs(root_item) > 0)
- rec->found_root_item = 1;
+ rec->found_root_item = 1;
+ rec->expected_ref = btrfs_root_refs(&root->root_item);
}
memset(&root_node, 0, sizeof(root_node));
diff --git a/check/mode-original.h b/check/mode-original.h
index 24d245795714..d928389f8582 100644
--- a/check/mode-original.h
+++ b/check/mode-original.h
@@ -263,7 +263,10 @@ struct root_record {
struct cache_extent cache;
unsigned int found_root_item:1;
u64 objectid;
+ /* The found number of refs in tree root. */
u32 found_ref;
+ /* The expected number of refs in root item. */
+ u32 expected_ref;
};
struct ptr_node {
--
2.50.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread* [PATCH v2 2/3] btrfs-progs: check/lowmem: detect missing orphan items correctly
2025-07-26 22:32 [PATCH v2 0/3] btrfs-progs: check: add detection for missing root orphan items Qu Wenruo
2025-07-26 22:33 ` [PATCH v2 1/3] btrfs-progs: check/original: detect missing orphan items correctly Qu Wenruo
@ 2025-07-26 22:33 ` Qu Wenruo
2025-07-26 22:33 ` [PATCH v2 3/3] btrfs-progs: fsck-tests: a new test case for missing root orphan item Qu Wenruo
2025-07-27 19:07 ` [PATCH v2 0/3] btrfs-progs: check: add detection for missing root orphan items Boris Burkov
3 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread
From: Qu Wenruo @ 2025-07-26 22:33 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-btrfs; +Cc: Boris Burkov
[BUG]
If we have a filesystem with a subvolume that has 0 refs but without an
orphan item, btrfs check won't report any error on it.
$ btrfs ins dump-tree -t root /dev/test/scratch1
btrfs-progs v6.15
root tree
node 5242880 level 1 items 2 free space 119 generation 11 owner ROOT_TREE
node 5242880 flags 0x1(WRITTEN) backref revision 1
fs uuid ff32309e-4e90-4402-b1ef-0a1f9f28bfff
chunk uuid 6c373b6d-c866-4c8c-81fa-608bf5ef25e3
key (EXTENT_TREE ROOT_ITEM 0) block 5267456 gen 11
key (ROOT_TREE_DIR DIR_ITEM 2378154706) block 5246976 gen 11
leaf 5267456 items 6 free space 2339 generation 11 owner ROOT_TREE
leaf 5267456 flags 0x1(WRITTEN) backref revision 1
fs uuid ff32309e-4e90-4402-b1ef-0a1f9f28bfff
[...]
leaf 5246976 items 6 free space 1613 generation 11 owner ROOT_TREE
leaf 5246976 flags 0x1(WRITTEN) backref revision 1
checksum stored 47620783
checksum calced 47620783
fs uuid ff32309e-4e90-4402-b1ef-0a1f9f28bfff
chunk uuid 6c373b6d-c866-4c8c-81fa-608bf5ef25e3
[...]
item 4 key (256 ROOT_ITEM 0) itemoff 2202 itemsize 439
generation 9 root_dirid 256 bytenr 5898240 byte_limit 0 bytes_used 581632
last_snapshot 0 flags 0x1000000000000(none) refs 0 <<<
drop_progress key (0 UNKNOWN.0 0) drop_level 0
level 2 generation_v2 9
item 5 key (DATA_RELOC_TREE ROOT_ITEM 0) itemoff 1763 itemsize 439
generation 5 root_dirid 256 bytenr 5287936 byte_limit 0 bytes_used 4096
last_snapshot 0 flags 0x0(none) refs 1
drop_progress key (0 UNKNOWN.0 0) drop_level 0
level 0 generation_v2 5
^^^ No orphan item for subvolume 256.
Then "btrfs check --mode=lowmem" will not report anything wrong with it:
Opening filesystem to check...
Checking filesystem on /dev/test/scratch1
UUID: ff32309e-4e90-4402-b1ef-0a1f9f28bfff
[1/8] checking log skipped (none written)
[2/8] checking root items
[3/8] checking extents
[4/8] checking free space tree
[5/8] checking fs roots
[6/8] checking only csums items (without verifying data)
[7/8] checking root refs done with fs roots in lowmem mode, skipping
[8/8] checking quota groups skipped (not enabled on this FS)
found 638976 bytes used, no error found <<
total csum bytes: 0
total tree bytes: 638976
total fs tree bytes: 589824
total extent tree bytes: 16384
btree space waste bytes: 289501
file data blocks allocated: 0
referenced 0
[CAUSE]
In lowmem's check_btrfs_root() we have no special handling for refs 0,
as long as there is no ROOT_BACKREF for the orphan root, everything will
be reported as OK.
But we should expect an orphan item for an orphan subvolume, this means
lowmem doesn't do any checks against the orphan item for a subvolume.
[FIX]
For subvolume trees, if its refs is 0, also check if we have an orphan
item for it.
If not, report this as an error.
Reviewed-by: Boris Burkov <boris@bur.io>
Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
---
check/mode-lowmem.c | 11 +++++++++++
1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)
diff --git a/check/mode-lowmem.c b/check/mode-lowmem.c
index 5291070df025..e05bb0da1709 100644
--- a/check/mode-lowmem.c
+++ b/check/mode-lowmem.c
@@ -5502,6 +5502,17 @@ static int check_btrfs_root(struct btrfs_root *root, int check_all)
}
}
}
+ /*
+ * If this tree is a subvolume (not a reloc tree) and has no refs, there
+ * should be an orphan item for it, or this subvolume will never be deleted.
+ */
+ if (btrfs_root_refs(root_item) == 0 && is_fstree(btrfs_root_id(root))) {
+ if (!has_orphan_item(root->fs_info->tree_root,
+ btrfs_root_id(root))) {
+ error("missing orphan item for root %lld", btrfs_root_id(root));
+ err |= REFERENCER_MISSING;
+ }
+ }
if (btrfs_root_refs(root_item) > 0 ||
btrfs_disk_key_objectid(&root_item->drop_progress) == 0) {
path.nodes[level] = root->node;
--
2.50.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread* [PATCH v2 3/3] btrfs-progs: fsck-tests: a new test case for missing root orphan item
2025-07-26 22:32 [PATCH v2 0/3] btrfs-progs: check: add detection for missing root orphan items Qu Wenruo
2025-07-26 22:33 ` [PATCH v2 1/3] btrfs-progs: check/original: detect missing orphan items correctly Qu Wenruo
2025-07-26 22:33 ` [PATCH v2 2/3] btrfs-progs: check/lowmem: " Qu Wenruo
@ 2025-07-26 22:33 ` Qu Wenruo
2025-07-27 19:07 ` [PATCH v2 0/3] btrfs-progs: check: add detection for missing root orphan items Boris Burkov
3 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread
From: Qu Wenruo @ 2025-07-26 22:33 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-btrfs; +Cc: Boris Burkov
The new image is created by:
- Make btrfs_delete_subvolume() to commit transaction
So that we're sure the orphan item is committed to disk after removing
the subvolume.
- Remove the orphan item from tree root
Then use this image to make sure btrfs check can detect such problem.
Repair is not yet supported.
Reviewed-by: Boris Burkov <boris@bur.io>
Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
---
.../066-missing-root-orphan-item/default.img.xz | Bin 0 -> 13468 bytes
.../066-missing-root-orphan-item/test.sh | 14 ++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 14 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 tests/fsck-tests/066-missing-root-orphan-item/default.img.xz
create mode 100755 tests/fsck-tests/066-missing-root-orphan-item/test.sh
diff --git a/tests/fsck-tests/066-missing-root-orphan-item/default.img.xz b/tests/fsck-tests/066-missing-root-orphan-item/default.img.xz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c34f989daf0aef34e2692f2d11d4d4b1417ccdb5
GIT binary patch
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diff --git a/tests/fsck-tests/066-missing-root-orphan-item/test.sh b/tests/fsck-tests/066-missing-root-orphan-item/test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..9db625714c1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fsck-tests/066-missing-root-orphan-item/test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Verify that check can report missing orphan root itemm as an error
+
+source "$TEST_TOP/common" || exit
+
+check_prereq btrfs
+
+check_image() {
+ run_mustfail "missing root orphan item not reported as an error" \
+ "$TOP/btrfs" check "$1"
+}
+
+check_all_images
--
2.50.1
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH v2 0/3] btrfs-progs: check: add detection for missing root orphan items
2025-07-26 22:32 [PATCH v2 0/3] btrfs-progs: check: add detection for missing root orphan items Qu Wenruo
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2025-07-26 22:33 ` [PATCH v2 3/3] btrfs-progs: fsck-tests: a new test case for missing root orphan item Qu Wenruo
@ 2025-07-27 19:07 ` Boris Burkov
3 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread
From: Boris Burkov @ 2025-07-27 19:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Qu Wenruo; +Cc: linux-btrfs
On Sun, Jul 27, 2025 at 08:02:59AM +0930, Qu Wenruo wrote:
> [CHANGELOG]
> v2:
> - Enhance the original mode to detect any refs mismatch
> Thus even if the root item has 0 refs but we find some unexpected
> backref, then it will also report it as an error.
>
> Thanks Boris for point this out.
>
> There is an internal bug report that some half-dropped subvolume makes
> balance to fail.
>
> It turns out that, the involved subvolume doesn't have an orphan item,
> this means the half-dropped subvolume is never going to be cleaned up.
>
> Then at balance time, a reloc tree is created for that half-dropped
> subvolume, and since balance doesn't expect to get a half-dropped
> subvolume, it doesn't check the drop_process_key and increased ref on
> already dropped nodes.
>
> The problem for progs is that, neither original mode nor lowmem detects
> this kind of problem.
>
> Original mode has a bad logic which prevents us from calling the proper
> orphan item check.
> Lowmem mode doesn't even take orphan item into consideration.
>
> This series will add the detection part for btrfs-check, for both
> original and lowmem mode, with a hand crafted image for test.
Reviewed-by: Boris Burkov <boris@bur.io>
>
>
> Qu Wenruo (3):
> btrfs-progs: check/original: detect missing orphan items correctly
> btrfs-progs: check/lowmem: detect missing orphan items correctly
> btrfs-progs: fsck-tests: a new test case for missing root orphan item
>
> check/main.c | 39 +++++++++++-------
> check/mode-lowmem.c | 11 +++++
> check/mode-original.h | 3 ++
> .../default.img.xz | Bin 0 -> 13468 bytes
> .../066-missing-root-orphan-item/test.sh | 14 +++++++
> 5 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
> create mode 100644 tests/fsck-tests/066-missing-root-orphan-item/default.img.xz
> create mode 100755 tests/fsck-tests/066-missing-root-orphan-item/test.sh
>
> --
> 2.50.1
>
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread