[PATCH v6 0/8] crypto: qce - Fix crypto self-test failures

[PATCH v6 0/8] crypto: qce - Fix crypto self-test failures

[Bartosz Golaszewski]

This extends the initial submission from Kuldeep.

The QCE hardware crypto engine has several limitations that cause it to
produce incorrect results or stall on certain inputs. This series fixes
several bugs and adds workaround allowing the deiver to pass crypto
self-tests.

The failures addressed are:

- HMAC self-test failures for empty messages
- AES-XTS returning success on zero-length input (should be -EINVAL)
- AES-CTR: partial final block causes the engine to stall, output IV
  derivation was incorrect
- AES-XTS with key1 == key2 is not supported by the CE
- AES-CCM: partial final block and fragmented payload both stall the
  engine

All fixes were tested on an SM8650 QRD board with
CONFIG_CRYPTO_SELFTESTS=y and CONFIG_CRYPTO_SELFTESTS_FULL=y.

Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>
---
Changes in v6:
- Handle all zero-length HMAC finalizations (like imported state with
  data already hashed), not only the genuinely empty message case
- Add an additional patch addressing the fragmented skcipher payload
  issue
- Link to v5: https://patch.msgid.link/20260706-qce-fix-self-tests-v5-0-86f461ff1829@oss.qualcomm.com

Changes in v5:
- Dropped patch 1/8 that's already queued
- Use the pre-allocated fallback ahash for HMAC transforms (Herbert)
- Link to v4: https://patch.msgid.link/20260622-qce-fix-self-tests-v4-0-4f82ffa716c6@oss.qualcomm.com

Changes in v4:
- Remove remaining ECB and DES3 bits
- Pick up tags
- Link to v3: https://patch.msgid.link/20260617-qce-fix-self-tests-v3-0-ecc2b4dedcfd@oss.qualcomm.com

Changes in v3:
- Remove even more algorithms and dead code in patch 1/8
- Link to v2: https://patch.msgid.link/20260615-qce-fix-self-tests-v2-0-dc911f1aad42@oss.qualcomm.com

Changes in v2:
- Add fixes for the full suite of crypto self-tests
- Add Fixes and Cc tags
- Link to v1: https://patch.msgid.link/20260610-qce_selftest_fix-v1-0-1b0504783a46@oss.qualcomm.com/

---
Bartosz Golaszewski (6):
      crypto: qce - Fix HMAC self-test failures for empty messages
      crypto: qce - Reject empty messages for AES-XTS
      crypto: qce - Use a fallback for AES-CTR with a partial final block
      crypto: qce - Use fallback for fragmented skcipher payloads
      crypto: qce - Use a fallback for CCM with a partial final block
      crypto: qce - Use fallback for CCM with a fragmented payload

Kuldeep Singh (2):
      crypto: qce - Fix CTR-AES for partial block requests
      crypto: qce - Fix xts-aes-qce for weak keys

 drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c     | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
 drivers/crypto/qce/cipher.h   |  1 +
 drivers/crypto/qce/common.h   |  1 -
 drivers/crypto/qce/sha.c      | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 5 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
---
base-commit: f6fa674bd75f9ed0e74f4ca85f88a6e461b5f230
change-id: 20260610-qce-fix-self-tests-492ffd2ef955

Best regards,
-- 
Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>

[PATCH v6 1/8] crypto: qce - Fix HMAC self-test failures for empty messages

[Bartosz Golaszewski]

BAM DMA cannot process zero-length transfers, so the driver always holds
back at least one byte to submit to the engine and only ever finalizes
with an empty buffer when nothing is left to submit. For plain hashes
this was handled by returning the precomputed hash of the empty message
(tmpl->hash_zero), but HMAC's result depends on the key and cannot be
constant, so hmac(sha256) produced an incorrect digest for an empty
message and the crypto self-tests failed.

A zero pending buffer at finalization time does not necessarily mean the
message itself is empty, though: the caller can also reach it by
importing a state that already reflects some hashed data with nothing
currently buffered (crypto_ahash_import() followed directly by
finalization). Special-casing only a genuinely empty message would
silently compute the wrong result for an imported state in that
scenario.

Handle every zero-length finalization consistently through the software
fallback ahash instead. When nothing has been processed yet, let the
fallback compute the result from scratch using the key already propagated
to it via setkey(). Otherwise, reconstruct the fallback's running hash
state from the state kept by the driver and finalize from there,
accounting for the HMAC ipad block that the engine absorbs internally and
that never goes through update().

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: ec8f5d8f6f76 ("crypto: qce - Qualcomm crypto engine driver")
Tested-by: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>
---
 drivers/crypto/qce/common.h |  1 -
 drivers/crypto/qce/sha.c    | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 2 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/qce/common.h b/drivers/crypto/qce/common.h
index 9cd2e6ed8bbb0f76e24be187d8ae7e2fe2f7b932..587d349da91d1faa2bed7cd488306d4358467b2d 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/qce/common.h
+++ b/drivers/crypto/qce/common.h
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ struct qce_alg_template {
 		struct aead_alg aead;
 	} alg;
 	struct qce_device *qce;
-	const u8 *hash_zero;
 	const u32 digest_size;
 };
 
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/qce/sha.c b/drivers/crypto/qce/sha.c
index 2215d6023fa5a06d741dea8e7c4ee8ec0a6cc45f..ac2d22d55d0838c2a7f12a4f3387c5d5021bb55c 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/qce/sha.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/qce/sha.c
@@ -249,18 +249,53 @@ static int qce_ahash_update(struct ahash_request *req)
 	return qce->async_req_enqueue(tmpl->qce, &req->base);
 }
 
+/*
+ * BAM DMA cannot handle zero-length transfers, so the driver always holds
+ * back at least one byte to submit to the engine. A zero rctx->buflen at
+ * finalization time does not necessarily mean the message is empty: the
+ * caller may have imported a state that already reflects some hashed data
+ * with nothing currently buffered. Handle both cases through the software
+ * fallback: reconstruct the running state when there is one instead of
+ * assuming the message is empty.
+ */
+static int qce_ahash_finalize_zero(struct ahash_request *req)
+{
+	struct qce_sha_reqctx *rctx = ahash_request_ctx_dma(req);
+	HASH_FBREQ_ON_STACK(fbreq, req);
+	struct __sha256_ctx core;
+	struct scatterlist sg;
+	int ret;
+
+	sg_init_one(&sg, NULL, 0);
+	ahash_request_set_crypt(fbreq, &sg, req->result, 0);
+
+	if (rctx->first_blk) {
+		ret = crypto_ahash_init(fbreq) ?: crypto_ahash_finup(fbreq);
+	} else {
+		core = (struct __sha256_ctx){
+			.bytecount = rctx->count,
+		};
+
+		memcpy(&core.state, rctx->digest, sizeof(core.state));
+		if (IS_SHA_HMAC(rctx->flags))
+			core.bytecount += SHA256_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+		ret = crypto_ahash_import_core(fbreq, &core) ?:
+		      crypto_ahash_finup(fbreq);
+	}
+
+	HASH_REQUEST_ZERO(fbreq);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int qce_ahash_final(struct ahash_request *req)
 {
 	struct qce_sha_reqctx *rctx = ahash_request_ctx_dma(req);
 	struct qce_alg_template *tmpl = to_ahash_tmpl(req->base.tfm);
 	struct qce_device *qce = tmpl->qce;
 
-	if (!rctx->buflen) {
-		if (tmpl->hash_zero)
-			memcpy(req->result, tmpl->hash_zero,
-					tmpl->alg.ahash.halg.digestsize);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	if (!rctx->buflen)
+		return qce_ahash_finalize_zero(req);
 
 	rctx->last_blk = true;
 
@@ -292,12 +327,8 @@ static int qce_ahash_digest(struct ahash_request *req)
 	rctx->first_blk = true;
 	rctx->last_blk = true;
 
-	if (!rctx->nbytes_orig) {
-		if (tmpl->hash_zero)
-			memcpy(req->result, tmpl->hash_zero,
-					tmpl->alg.ahash.halg.digestsize);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	if (!rctx->nbytes_orig)
+		return qce_ahash_finalize_zero(req);
 
 	return qce->async_req_enqueue(tmpl->qce, &req->base);
 }
@@ -431,9 +462,6 @@ static int qce_ahash_register_one(const struct qce_ahash_def *def,
 	alg->halg.digestsize = def->digestsize;
 	alg->halg.statesize = def->statesize;
 
-	if (IS_SHA256(def->flags))
-		tmpl->hash_zero = sha256_zero_message_hash;
-
 	base = &alg->halg.base;
 	base->cra_blocksize = def->blocksize;
 	base->cra_priority = 400;

-- 
2.47.3

Re: [PATCH v6 1/8] crypto: qce - Fix HMAC self-test failures for empty messages

[Eric Biggers]

On Fri, Jul 17, 2026 at 05:53:30PM +0200, Bartosz Golaszewski wrote:
> +/*
> + * BAM DMA cannot handle zero-length transfers, so the driver always holds
> + * back at least one byte to submit to the engine. A zero rctx->buflen at
> + * finalization time does not necessarily mean the message is empty: the
> + * caller may have imported a state that already reflects some hashed data
> + * with nothing currently buffered. Handle both cases through the software
> + * fallback: reconstruct the running state when there is one instead of
> + * assuming the message is empty.
> + */
> +static int qce_ahash_finalize_zero(struct ahash_request *req)
> +{
> +	struct qce_sha_reqctx *rctx = ahash_request_ctx_dma(req);
> +	HASH_FBREQ_ON_STACK(fbreq, req);

I'm trying to understand how this is intended to work.  This uses
crypto_tfm::fb.  But this driver doesn't set CRYPTO_ALG_NEED_FALLBACK,
so crypto_tfm::fb is actually just a pointer to the same crypto_tfm.
(See crypto_create_tfm_node() and crypto_ahash_init_tfm().)  Doesn't
this just result in an infinite recursive loop and a crash?

- Eric

[PATCH v6 2/8] crypto: qce - Reject empty messages for AES-XTS

[Bartosz Golaszewski]

XTS is not defined for an empty plaintext: it requires at least one full
block of data. The driver treated a zero-length request as a successful
no-op, so the crypto self-tests "unexpectedly succeeded" when -EINVAL
was expected.

Return -EINVAL for empty XTS requests while keeping the no-op behavior
for the other ciphers, which the crypto engine simply cannot process due
to its DMA not supporting zero-length transfers.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: f08789462255 ("crypto: qce - Return error for zero length messages")
Tested-by: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>
---
 drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c b/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
index b27008ace93a8a40c291d564c3fb9d73df5447ec..e1f69057607fac36e8b4bdb5dd9e62a2aabe5f50 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
@@ -223,8 +223,12 @@ static int qce_skcipher_crypt(struct skcipher_request *req, int encrypt)
 	keylen = IS_XTS(rctx->flags) ? ctx->enc_keylen >> 1 : ctx->enc_keylen;
 
 	/* CE does not handle 0 length messages */
-	if (!req->cryptlen)
+	if (!req->cryptlen) {
+		/* XTS requires at least one full block of data */
+		if (IS_XTS(rctx->flags))
+			return -EINVAL;
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * ECB and CBC algorithms require message lengths to be

-- 
2.47.3

[PATCH v6 3/8] crypto: qce - Fix CTR-AES for partial block requests

[Bartosz Golaszewski]

From: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>

In CTR mode, the IV acts as the initial counter block.
APer NIST SP 800-38A, after a CTR mode operation the next unused counter
value is:

IV_next = IV_in + ceil(cryptlen / AES_BLOCK_SIZE)

The skcipher requires req->iv to hold this updated counter on
completion, ensuring chained requests produce correct results.

Referring to Crypto6.0 documentation, Section 2.2.5 says:
"The count value increments automatically once per block of data (in
AES, a block is 16 bytes) based on the value in the
CRYPTO_ENCR_CNTR_MASK registers."

QCE increments internal counter register once per full 16-byte block(for
ctr-aes) is processed. In case of partial request length, the hardware
uses the current counter to generate keystreams but does not increment
the counter register afterwards. So the counter value written in
CRYPTO_ENCR_CNTRn_IVn later once read by software is one less than the
expected value.

Crypto selftest framework capture this scenario with test vector
4 comprising of a 499-byte payload (31 full blocks + 3 partial bytes).
Error:
[    5.606169] alg: skcipher: ctr-aes-qce encryption test failed (wrong output IV) on test vector 4, cfg="in-place (one sglist)"
[    5.606176] 00000000: e7 82 1d b8 53 11 ac 47 e2 7d 18 d6 71 0c a7 61
[    5.606192] alg: self-tests for ctr(aes) using ctr-aes-qce failed (rc=-22)
Expected iv_out: 0x62 (iv_in + 32)
Obtained iv_out: 0x61 (iv_in + 31, partial block not counted)

To fix this, just increase the counter value for partial block requests
by 1 and for the full block size requests, don't take any action as
expected value is already returned by the hardware.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 3e806a12d10a ("crypto: qce - update the skcipher IV")
Signed-off-by: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>
Tested-by: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>
---
 drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c | 17 ++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c b/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
index e1f69057607fac36e8b4bdb5dd9e62a2aabe5f50..35ddbe03cfcd75db7599a5754e4ff978f3528105 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ static void qce_skcipher_done(void *data)
 	struct qce_device *qce = tmpl->qce;
 	struct qce_result_dump *result_buf = qce->dma.result_buf;
 	enum dma_data_direction dir_src, dir_dst;
+	unsigned int blocks;
 	u32 status;
 	int error;
 	bool diff_dst;
@@ -56,7 +57,21 @@ static void qce_skcipher_done(void *data)
 	if (error < 0)
 		dev_dbg(qce->dev, "skcipher operation error (%x)\n", status);
 
-	memcpy(rctx->iv, result_buf->encr_cntr_iv, rctx->ivsize);
+	if (IS_CTR(rctx->flags)) {
+		/*
+		 * QCE hardware does not increment the counter for a partial
+		 * final block. Increment it in software so that iv_out
+		 * reflects the correct next counter value expected by the CTR
+		 * mode.
+		 */
+		blocks = DIV_ROUND_UP(rctx->cryptlen, AES_BLOCK_SIZE);
+
+		while (blocks--)
+			crypto_inc(rctx->iv, rctx->ivsize);
+	} else {
+		memcpy(rctx->iv, result_buf->encr_cntr_iv, rctx->ivsize);
+	}
+
 	qce->async_req_done(tmpl->qce, error);
 }
 

-- 
2.47.3

[PATCH v6 4/8] crypto: qce - Use a fallback for AES-CTR with a partial final block

[Bartosz Golaszewski]

ctr(aes) is registered with a block size of 1, so the crypto API hands
the driver requests whose length is not a multiple of the AES block
size. The crypto engine, however, stalls waiting for a full block of
input in that case, leaving the operation incomplete and failing the
request (and the crypto self-tests) with a hardware operation error.

Route AES-CTR requests with a partial final block to the software
fallback, which already handles the other cases the engine cannot.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: bb5c863b3d3c ("crypto: qce - fix ctr-aes-qce block, chunk sizes")
Tested-by: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>
---
 drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c b/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
index 35ddbe03cfcd75db7599a5754e4ff978f3528105..54ff013e24317cd4d7a0dcde88cef8268db784c9 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
@@ -260,9 +260,12 @@ static int qce_skcipher_crypt(struct skcipher_request *req, int encrypt)
 	 * AES-XTS request with len > QCE_SECTOR_SIZE and
 	 * is not a multiple of it.(Revisit this condition to check if it is
 	 * needed in all versions of CE)
+	 * AES-CTR with a partial final block (the CE stalls waiting for a full
+	 * block of input).
 	 */
 	if (IS_AES(rctx->flags) &&
 	    ((keylen != AES_KEYSIZE_128 && keylen != AES_KEYSIZE_256) ||
+	    (IS_CTR(rctx->flags) && !IS_ALIGNED(req->cryptlen, AES_BLOCK_SIZE)) ||
 	    (IS_XTS(rctx->flags) && ((req->cryptlen <= aes_sw_max_len) ||
 	    (req->cryptlen > QCE_SECTOR_SIZE &&
 	    req->cryptlen % QCE_SECTOR_SIZE))))) {

-- 
2.47.3

[PATCH v6 5/8] crypto: qce - Use fallback for fragmented skcipher payloads

[Bartosz Golaszewski]

The crypto engine reliably processes AES requests only when the payload
is a single contiguous buffer. A payload split across multiple
scatterlist entries makes the engine stall waiting for input, failing
the request with a hardware operation error. This was uncovered by the
crypto self-tests, which feed the algorithms randomly fragmented
buffers.

Detect a payload that spans more than one scatterlist entry, in either
the source or the destination, and route the request to the software
fallback.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 25b71d61d631 ("crypto: qce - Improve the conditions for requesting AES fallback cipher")
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>
---
 drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c b/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
index 54ff013e24317cd4d7a0dcde88cef8268db784c9..4779218d4f33a07331c510abf0d6d23e7e70d102 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
@@ -262,13 +262,17 @@ static int qce_skcipher_crypt(struct skcipher_request *req, int encrypt)
 	 * needed in all versions of CE)
 	 * AES-CTR with a partial final block (the CE stalls waiting for a full
 	 * block of input).
+	 * A payload fragmented across more than one scatterlist entry (the CE
+	 * stalls waiting for input in that case too).
 	 */
 	if (IS_AES(rctx->flags) &&
 	    ((keylen != AES_KEYSIZE_128 && keylen != AES_KEYSIZE_256) ||
 	    (IS_CTR(rctx->flags) && !IS_ALIGNED(req->cryptlen, AES_BLOCK_SIZE)) ||
 	    (IS_XTS(rctx->flags) && ((req->cryptlen <= aes_sw_max_len) ||
 	    (req->cryptlen > QCE_SECTOR_SIZE &&
-	    req->cryptlen % QCE_SECTOR_SIZE))))) {
+	    req->cryptlen % QCE_SECTOR_SIZE))) ||
+	    sg_nents_for_len(req->src, req->cryptlen) > 1 ||
+	    sg_nents_for_len(req->dst, req->cryptlen) > 1)) {
 		skcipher_request_set_tfm(&rctx->fallback_req, ctx->fallback);
 		skcipher_request_set_callback(&rctx->fallback_req,
 					      req->base.flags,

-- 
2.47.3

[PATCH v6 6/8] crypto: qce - Fix xts-aes-qce for weak keys

[Bartosz Golaszewski]

From: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>

The QCE hardware does not support AES XTS mode when key1 and key2 are
equal. The driver was handling this by unconditionally rejecting the
keys with -ENOKEY(-126), regardless of whether FIPS mode is active or
the FORBID_WEAK_KEYS flag is set.
[    5.599170] alg: skcipher: xts-aes-qce setkey failed on test vector 0; expected_error=0, actual_error=-126, flags=0x1
[    5.599184] alg: self-tests for xts(aes) using xts-aes-qce failed (rc=-126)

In general for weak keys,
- If FIPS mode is active or FORBID_WEAK_KEYS is set: return -EINVAL.
- In non-FIPS mode, Accept the key and encrypt successfully.

Since QCE was returning -ENOKEY for non-FIPS mode whereas the
expectation is to encrypt content and return success, the selftest saw a
mismatch and failed.

There are two problems in QCE behavior:
  * -ENOKEY is returned instead of -EINVAL for the FIPS/weak-key
    rejection case.
  * key1 == key2 is rejected even in non-FIPS mode

Fix xts-aes-qce behavior by using generic helper xts_verify_key() to
reject keys early with -EINVAL for FIPS mode active(or FORBID_WEAK_KEYS
set). For non-FIPS mode, since QCE hardware cannot accept the keys, use
software fallback mechanism to encrypt the data.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: f0d078dd6c49 ("crypto: qce - Return unsupported if key1 and key 2 are same for AES XTS algorithm")
Signed-off-by: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>
Tested-by: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>
---
 drivers/crypto/qce/cipher.h   |  1 +
 drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c | 18 ++++++++++++------
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/qce/cipher.h b/drivers/crypto/qce/cipher.h
index 850f257d00f3aca0397adc1f703aea690c754d60..daea07551118d444d2f749588bdfe2ae2c6c553f 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/qce/cipher.h
+++ b/drivers/crypto/qce/cipher.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 struct qce_cipher_ctx {
 	u8 enc_key[QCE_MAX_KEY_SIZE];
 	unsigned int enc_keylen;
+	bool use_fallback;
 	struct crypto_skcipher *fallback;
 };
 
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c b/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
index 4779218d4f33a07331c510abf0d6d23e7e70d102..3df583b1a56ec371e556fd00e7930d9fc4447ce0 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/qce/skcipher.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <crypto/aes.h>
 #include <crypto/internal/skcipher.h>
+#include <crypto/xts.h>
 
 #include "cipher.h"
 
@@ -194,14 +195,17 @@ static int qce_skcipher_setkey(struct crypto_skcipher *ablk, const u8 *key,
 	if (!key || !keylen)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	/*
-	 * AES XTS key1 = key2 not supported by crypto engine.
-	 * Revisit to request a fallback cipher in this case.
-	 */
 	if (IS_XTS(flags)) {
+		ret = xts_verify_key(ablk, key, keylen);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
 		__keylen = keylen >> 1;
-		if (!memcmp(key, key + __keylen, __keylen))
-			return -ENOKEY;
+		/*
+		 * QCE does not support key1 == key2 for XTS.
+		 * Use fallback cipher in this case.
+		 */
+		ctx->use_fallback = !crypto_memneq(key, key + __keylen,
+						       __keylen);
 	} else {
 		__keylen = keylen;
 	}
@@ -262,6 +266,7 @@ static int qce_skcipher_crypt(struct skcipher_request *req, int encrypt)
 	 * needed in all versions of CE)
 	 * AES-CTR with a partial final block (the CE stalls waiting for a full
 	 * block of input).
+	 * AES-XTS with key1 == key2 (not supported by the CE).
 	 * A payload fragmented across more than one scatterlist entry (the CE
 	 * stalls waiting for input in that case too).
 	 */
@@ -271,6 +276,7 @@ static int qce_skcipher_crypt(struct skcipher_request *req, int encrypt)
 	    (IS_XTS(rctx->flags) && ((req->cryptlen <= aes_sw_max_len) ||
 	    (req->cryptlen > QCE_SECTOR_SIZE &&
 	    req->cryptlen % QCE_SECTOR_SIZE))) ||
+	    (IS_XTS(rctx->flags) && ctx->use_fallback) ||
 	    sg_nents_for_len(req->src, req->cryptlen) > 1 ||
 	    sg_nents_for_len(req->dst, req->cryptlen) > 1)) {
 		skcipher_request_set_tfm(&rctx->fallback_req, ctx->fallback);

-- 
2.47.3

[PATCH v6 7/8] crypto: qce - Use a fallback for CCM with a partial final block

[Bartosz Golaszewski]

CCM builds on AES-CTR for encryption, and the crypto engine stalls on a
partial final block just as it does for plain ctr(aes): a payload whose
length is not a multiple of the AES block size leaves the operation
incomplete and fails with a hardware operation error. This was caught by
the ccm(aes) crypto self-tests.

Force the software fallback for CCM requests whose message length is not
block aligned, reusing the driver's existing need_fallback mechanism.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 9363efb4181c ("crypto: qce - Add support for AEAD algorithms")
Tested-by: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>
---
 drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c b/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c
index 336614a11377e0be246817da584296124f4de5d8..4fa018204cb628c112f64c45ff6c7407df73b945 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c
@@ -514,6 +514,14 @@ static int qce_aead_crypt(struct aead_request *req, int encrypt)
 			ctx->need_fallback = true;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * CCM uses AES-CTR internally and the CE stalls on a partial final
+	 * block, so a payload that is not a multiple of the block size has to
+	 * be handled by the fallback.
+	 */
+	if (IS_CCM(rctx->flags) && !IS_ALIGNED(rctx->cryptlen, AES_BLOCK_SIZE))
+		ctx->need_fallback = true;
+
 	/* If fallback is needed, schedule and exit */
 	if (ctx->need_fallback) {
 		/* Reset need_fallback in case the same ctx is used for another transaction */

-- 
2.47.3

Re: [PATCH v6 7/8] crypto: qce - Use a fallback for CCM with a partial final block

[Eric Biggers]

On Fri, Jul 17, 2026 at 05:53:36PM +0200, Bartosz Golaszewski wrote:
> CCM builds on AES-CTR for encryption, and the crypto engine stalls on a
> partial final block just as it does for plain ctr(aes): a payload whose
> length is not a multiple of the AES block size leaves the operation
> incomplete and fails with a hardware operation error. This was caught by
> the ccm(aes) crypto self-tests.
> 
> Force the software fallback for CCM requests whose message length is not
> block aligned, reusing the driver's existing need_fallback mechanism.
> 
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Fixes: 9363efb4181c ("crypto: qce - Add support for AEAD algorithms")
> Tested-by: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>
> Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>
> ---
>  drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c | 8 ++++++++
>  1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c b/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c
> index 336614a11377e0be246817da584296124f4de5d8..4fa018204cb628c112f64c45ff6c7407df73b945 100644
> --- a/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c
> +++ b/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c
> @@ -514,6 +514,14 @@ static int qce_aead_crypt(struct aead_request *req, int encrypt)
>  			ctx->need_fallback = true;
>  	}
>  
> +	/*
> +	 * CCM uses AES-CTR internally and the CE stalls on a partial final
> +	 * block, so a payload that is not a multiple of the block size has to
> +	 * be handled by the fallback.
> +	 */
> +	if (IS_CCM(rctx->flags) && !IS_ALIGNED(rctx->cryptlen, AES_BLOCK_SIZE))
> +		ctx->need_fallback = true;
> +
>  	/* If fallback is needed, schedule and exit */
>  	if (ctx->need_fallback) {

Here, the driver is storing per-request state ('need_fallback') in the
transformation context, which is a shared structure.  This can cause the
driver to produce incorrect results if used for multiple concurrent
requests with the same algorithm.

On the topic of CCM, there's also a memory leak and buffer overread in
qce_aead_ccm_prepare_buf_assoclen().  It allocates a buffer of length
ALIGN(assoclen,16)+6, then treats it as a buffer of length
ALIGN(assoclen+6,16).  That can be greater than the allocated length,
for example if assoclen = 15.  Then it never frees the buffer.

The allocation is also being done using GFP_ATOMIC, which is
failure-prone.  Users need crypto operations to be reliable.

This driver's CCM implementation also fails to validate that the message
length is allowed for the specified nonce length.

The error handling in qce_aead_async_req_handle() is also incorrect: it
calls dma_unmap_sg() on req->src instead of the actual mapped
scatterlist rctx->src_sg, which differ when assoclen > 0.  It also uses
< 0 to check for failures from dma_map_sg(), when it actually returns an
unsigned int and returns 0 on failure.

Note that the ARMv8 CE implementation of AES-CCM is much faster and does
not have these issues.

- Eric

[PATCH v6 8/8] crypto: qce - Use fallback for CCM with a fragmented payload

[Bartosz Golaszewski]

The crypto engine reliably processes CCM only when the message payload
is a single contiguous buffer. The associated data is already linearized
into a bounce buffer before being submitted, but when the payload itself
is split across multiple scatterlist entries the engine stalls waiting
for input and the request fails with a hardware operation error. This
was uncovered by the crypto self-tests, which feed the algorithms
randomly fragmented buffers.

Detect a payload that spans more than one scatterlist entry (in either
the source or the destination, skipping past the associated data) and
route the request to the software fallback.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 9363efb4181c ("crypto: qce - Add support for AEAD algorithms")
Tested-by: Kuldeep Singh <kuldeep.singh@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>
---
 drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c b/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c
index 4fa018204cb628c112f64c45ff6c7407df73b945..9ff8fe2a7efcd2734e4ff029744961a7b1101013 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/qce/aead.c
@@ -498,7 +498,8 @@ static int qce_aead_crypt(struct aead_request *req, int encrypt)
 	struct qce_aead_reqctx *rctx = aead_request_ctx_dma(req);
 	struct qce_aead_ctx *ctx = crypto_aead_ctx(tfm);
 	struct qce_alg_template *tmpl = to_aead_tmpl(tfm);
-	unsigned int blocksize = crypto_aead_blocksize(tfm);
+	unsigned int blocksize = crypto_aead_blocksize(tfm), authsize;
+	struct scatterlist __sg[2], *msg_sg;
 
 	rctx->flags  = tmpl->alg_flags;
 	rctx->flags |= encrypt ? QCE_ENCRYPT : QCE_DECRYPT;
@@ -522,6 +523,27 @@ static int qce_aead_crypt(struct aead_request *req, int encrypt)
 	if (IS_CCM(rctx->flags) && !IS_ALIGNED(rctx->cryptlen, AES_BLOCK_SIZE))
 		ctx->need_fallback = true;
 
+	/*
+	 * The CE reliably processes CCM only when the message payload is a
+	 * single contiguous buffer. The associated data is linearized into a
+	 * bounce buffer before being handed to the engine, but a fragmented
+	 * payload makes the engine stall waiting for input, so route those
+	 * requests to the fallback.
+	 */
+	if (IS_CCM(rctx->flags) && rctx->cryptlen) {
+		authsize = ctx->authsize;
+
+		msg_sg = scatterwalk_ffwd(__sg, req->src, req->assoclen);
+		if (sg_nents_for_len(msg_sg, rctx->cryptlen +
+				     (encrypt ? 0 : authsize)) > 1)
+			ctx->need_fallback = true;
+
+		msg_sg = scatterwalk_ffwd(__sg, req->dst, req->assoclen);
+		if (sg_nents_for_len(msg_sg, rctx->cryptlen +
+				     (encrypt ? authsize : 0)) > 1)
+			ctx->need_fallback = true;
+	}
+
 	/* If fallback is needed, schedule and exit */
 	if (ctx->need_fallback) {
 		/* Reset need_fallback in case the same ctx is used for another transaction */

-- 
2.47.3

Re: [PATCH v6 0/8] crypto: qce - Fix crypto self-test failures

[Eric Biggers]

On Fri, Jul 17, 2026 at 05:53:29PM +0200, Bartosz Golaszewski wrote:
> This extends the initial submission from Kuldeep.
> 
> The QCE hardware crypto engine has several limitations that cause it to
> produce incorrect results or stall on certain inputs. This series fixes
> several bugs and adds workaround allowing the deiver to pass crypto
> self-tests.
> 
> The failures addressed are:

I was also looking at how the request queueing works in this driver.
qce_handle_queue() gets invoked synchronously from almost all the
ahash/skcipher/aead API entry points.

However, it takes a mutex, which can sleep.

Not a great choice when these APIs can be called in softirq context.

I strongly suspect this would crash if anyone actually tried to use this
with IPsec, for example.

This is interesting when we consider that the driver implements the
"rfc4309(ccm(aes))" algorithm, whose exclusive purpose is IPsec.

I'm not sure if there are some out of tree patches going on, or if this
was just never actually tested with what it was theoretically supposed
to have been useful for.  But I'd guess the latter.

- Eric