[PATCH 0/2] media: i2c: Add onsemi AR0234 camera sensor driver

[PATCH 0/2] media: i2c: Add onsemi AR0234 camera sensor driver

[Alexander Shiyan]

This series adds a driver for the onsemi AR0234 CMOS image sensor.
The AR0234 is a 1/2.6-inch global-shutter sensor with a 1940x1220
pixel array, capable of 1920x1200 resolution at up to 120 fps.
It supports MIPI CSI-2 output with 1 to 4 data lanes, raw Bayer
(8/10-bit) and monochrome formats, as well as DPCM 10->8 compression.

The driver has been tested with 2 and 4 lanes on an ARM64 Rockchip
RK3568 platform with a 27 MHz external clock. Both 8-bit and 10-bit
raw Bayer modes are functional.

Notes:
- 1-lane mode is currently disabled; attempts to use it produced no
  valid image.

[root@diasom-evb ~]# v4l2-compliance -u 2
v4l2-compliance 1.28.1, 64 bits, 64-bit time_t

Compliance test for device /dev/v4l-subdev2:

Driver Info:
ar0234 9-0018: =================  START STATUS  =================
ar0234 9-0018: ==================  END STATUS  ==================
        Driver version   : 7.1.0
        Capabilities     : 0x00000000
        Client Capabilities: 0x0000000000000002
interval-uses-which
Required ioctls:
        test VIDIOC_SUDBEV_QUERYCAP: OK
        test invalid ioctls: OK

Allow for multiple opens:
        test second /dev/v4l-subdev2 open: OK
        test VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYCAP: OK
        test for unlimited opens: OK

Debug ioctls:
        test VIDIOC_LOG_STATUS: OK (Not Supported)

Input ioctls:
        test VIDIOC_G/S_TUNER/ENUM_FREQ_BANDS: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G/S_FREQUENCY: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_S_HW_FREQ_SEEK: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_ENUMAUDIO: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G/S/ENUMINPUT: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G/S_AUDIO: OK (Not Supported)
        Inputs: 0 Audio Inputs: 0 Tuners: 0

Output ioctls:
        test VIDIOC_G/S_MODULATOR: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G/S_FREQUENCY: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_ENUMAUDOUT: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G/S/ENUMOUTPUT: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G/S_AUDOUT: OK (Not Supported)
        Outputs: 0 Audio Outputs: 0 Modulators: 0

Input/Output configuration ioctls:
        test VIDIOC_ENUM/G/S/QUERY_STD: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_ENUM/G/S/QUERY_DV_TIMINGS: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_DV_TIMINGS_CAP: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G/S_EDID: OK (Not Supported)

Control ioctls:
        test VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL/QUERYMENU: OK
        test VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL: OK
        test VIDIOC_G/S_CTRL: OK
        test VIDIOC_G/S/TRY_EXT_CTRLS: OK
        test VIDIOC_(UN)SUBSCRIBE_EVENT/DQEVENT: OK
        test VIDIOC_G/S_JPEGCOMP: OK (Not Supported)
        Standard Controls: 20 Private Controls: 0

Format ioctls:
        test VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT/FRAMESIZES/FRAMEINTERVALS: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G/S_PARM: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G_FBUF: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G_FMT: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_TRY_FMT: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_S_FMT: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G_SLICED_VBI_CAP: OK (Not Supported)
        test Cropping: OK (Not Supported)
        test Composing: OK (Not Supported)
        test Scaling: OK (Not Supported)

Codec ioctls:
        test VIDIOC_(TRY_)ENCODER_CMD: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_G_ENC_INDEX: OK (Not Supported)
        test VIDIOC_(TRY_)DECODER_CMD: OK (Not Supported)

Buffer ioctls:
        test VIDIOC_REQBUFS/CREATE_BUFS/QUERYBUF: OK (Not Supported)
        test CREATE_BUFS maximum buffers: OK
        test VIDIOC_REMOVE_BUFS: OK
        test VIDIOC_EXPBUF: OK (Not Supported)
        test Requests: OK (Not Supported)

Total for device /dev/v4l-subdev2: 45, Succeeded: 45, Failed: 0, Warnings: 0

Alexander Shiyan (2):
  dt-bindings: media: i2c: Add onsemi AR0234 image sensor binding
  media: i2c: Add onsemi AR0234 image sensor driver

 .../bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml       |  123 ++
 drivers/media/i2c/Kconfig                     |   12 +
 drivers/media/i2c/Makefile                    |    1 +
 drivers/media/i2c/ar0234.c                    | 1265 +++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 1401 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml
 create mode 100644 drivers/media/i2c/ar0234.c

-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH 1/2] dt-bindings: media: i2c: Add onsemi AR0234 image sensor binding

[Alexander Shiyan]

Add devicetree binding for the onsemi AR0234 CMOS image sensor.

Signed-off-by: Alexander Shiyan <eagle.alexander923@gmail.com>
---
 .../bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml       | 123 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 123 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml

diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3ebc1cfa23a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
+%YAML 1.2
+---
+$id: http://devicetree.org/schemas/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml#
+$schema: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/core.yaml#
+
+title: ON Semiconductor AR0234 1/2.6-inch CMOS Digital Image Sensor
+
+maintainers:
+  - Alexander Shiyan <eagle.alexander923@gmail.com>
+
+description:
+  The AR0234 is a 1/2.6-inch CMOS digital image sensor with a pixel
+  array of 1940x1220 pixels, capable of 1920x1200 resolution at up
+  to 120 fps. It supports MIPI CSI-2 output with 2 or 4 data lanes,
+  color raw Bayer (8/10-bit) or monochrome output.
+
+properties:
+  compatible:
+    oneOf:
+      const: onnn,ar0234cs
+      items:
+        enum:
+          onnn,ar0234cssc
+          onnn,ar0234cssm
+        const: onnn,ar0234cs
+
+  reg:
+    description: I2C device address
+    maxItems: 1
+
+  clocks:
+    description: Reference clock (external clock) input
+    maxItems: 1
+
+  reset-gpios:
+    description: Reset pin, usually active low (if needed)
+    maxItems: 1
+
+  vaa-supply:
+    description: Analog (2.8V) supply regulator
+
+  vdd-supply:
+    description: Digital Core (1.2V) supply regulator
+
+  vddio-supply:
+    description: I/O (1.8V-2.8V) supply regulator
+
+  orientation: true
+  rotation: true
+
+  port:
+    $ref: /schemas/graph.yaml#/$defs/port-base
+    description: CSI-2 transmitter port
+    additionalProperties: false
+    properties:
+      endpoint:
+        $ref: /schemas/media/video-interfaces.yaml#
+        unevaluatedProperties: false
+        properties:
+          data-lanes:
+            description: Number of MIPI CSI-2 data lanes (must be 2 or 4)
+            minItems: 2
+            maxItems: 4
+            items:
+              enum: [1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+          link-frequencies:
+            description:
+              Allowed MIPI link frequencies in Hz. Two frequencies must
+              be provided, one for 8-bit mode and another for 10-bit mode.
+              Each frequency shall be within the sensor valid operating
+              range.
+            minItems: 2
+            maxItems: 2
+            items:
+              minimum: 360000000
+              maximum: 450000000
+
+        required:
+          - data-lanes
+          - link-frequencies
+
+    required:
+      - endpoint
+
+required:
+  - compatible
+  - reg
+  - clocks
+  - port
+
+additionalProperties: false
+
+examples:
+  - |
+    #include <dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h>
+
+    i2c {
+        #address-cells = <1>;
+        #size-cells = <0>;
+
+        camera@18 {
+            compatible = "onnn,ar0234cssc", "onnn,ar0234cs";
+            reg = <0x18>;
+            pinctrl-names = "default";
+            pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_cam>;
+            clocks = <&clk27m>;
+            vaa-supply = <&reg_cam_vaa>;
+            vdd-supply = <&reg_cam_vdd>;
+            vddio-supply = <&reg_cam_vddio>;
+            reset-gpios = <&gpio3 4 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
+
+            port {
+                ar0234_out: endpoint {
+                    data-lanes = <1 2 3 4>;
+                    link-frequencies = /bits/ 64 <360000000 450000000>;
+                    remote-endpoint = <&ar0234_in>;
+                };
+            };
+        };
+    };
+...
-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH 2/2] media: i2c: Add onsemi AR0234 image sensor driver

[Alexander Shiyan]

Add driver for the onsemi AR0234 CMOS image sensor.

Signed-off-by: Alexander Shiyan <eagle.alexander923@gmail.com>
---
 drivers/media/i2c/Kconfig  |   12 +
 drivers/media/i2c/Makefile |    1 +
 drivers/media/i2c/ar0234.c | 1265 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 1278 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 drivers/media/i2c/ar0234.c

diff --git a/drivers/media/i2c/Kconfig b/drivers/media/i2c/Kconfig
index 5c52007f9cbe..febab9857cd5 100644
--- a/drivers/media/i2c/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/media/i2c/Kconfig
@@ -51,6 +51,18 @@ config VIDEO_ALVIUM_CSI2
 	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
 	  module will be called alvium-csi2.
 
+config VIDEO_AR0234
+	tristate "onsemi AR0234 sensor support"
+	depends on ACPI || OF || COMPILE_TEST
+	select V4L2_CCI_I2C
+	select VIDEO_CCS_PLL
+	help
+	  This is a Video4Linux2 sensor driver for the onsemi
+	  AR0234 camera.
+
+	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
+	  module will be called ar0234.
+
 config VIDEO_AR0521
 	tristate "ON Semiconductor AR0521 sensor support"
 	help
diff --git a/drivers/media/i2c/Makefile b/drivers/media/i2c/Makefile
index d04bd5724552..8310db5c63b5 100644
--- a/drivers/media/i2c/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/media/i2c/Makefile
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_VIDEO_AK7375) += ak7375.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_VIDEO_AK881X) += ak881x.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_VIDEO_ALVIUM_CSI2) += alvium-csi2.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_VIDEO_APTINA_PLL) += aptina-pll.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_VIDEO_AR0234) += ar0234.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_VIDEO_AR0521) += ar0521.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_VIDEO_BT819) += bt819.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_VIDEO_BT856) += bt856.o
diff --git a/drivers/media/i2c/ar0234.c b/drivers/media/i2c/ar0234.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6b312dd255b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/media/i2c/ar0234.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1265 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Driver for the onsemi AR0234 camera sensor
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Alexander Shiyan <eagle.alexander923@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Some parts of code taken from Raspberry Pi driver ar0234.c by:
+ * Copyright (C) 2021, Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd
+ * Copyright (C) 2025-2026, UAB Kurokesu
+ * Author: Dave Stevenson <dave.stevenson@raspberrypi.com>
+ * Author: Danius Kalvaitis <danius@kurokesu.com>
+ *
+ * Some parts of code taken from imx290.c by:
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 FRAMOS GmbH.
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Linaro Ltd.
+ * Author: Manivannan Sadhasivam <manivannan.sadhasivam@linaro.org>
+ */
+
+#include <linux/clk.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
+#include <linux/regulator/consumer.h>
+#include <media/mipi-csi2.h>
+#include <media/v4l2-cci.h>
+#include <media/v4l2-ctrls.h>
+#include <media/v4l2-event.h>
+#include <media/v4l2-fwnode.h>
+#include <media/v4l2-subdev.h>
+
+#include "ccs-pll.h"
+
+#define AR0234_NATIVE_WIDTH				1940U
+#define AR0234_NATIVE_HEIGHT				1220U
+#define AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_LEFT				8U
+#define AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_TOP				8U
+#define AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_WIDTH			1920U
+#define AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_HEIGHT			1200U
+#define AR0234_MIN_CROP_WIDTH				4U
+#define AR0234_MIN_CROP_HEIGHT				2U
+#define AR0234_CROP_WIDTH_STEP				4U
+#define AR0234_CROP_HEIGHT_STEP				2U
+
+#define AR0234_REG_CHIP_VERSION				CCI_REG16(0x3000)
+#	define AR0234_CHIP_ID				0x0a56
+#	define AR0234_CHIP_ID_MONO			0x1a56
+#define AR0234_REG_Y_ADDR_START				CCI_REG16(0x3002)
+#define AR0234_REG_X_ADDR_START				CCI_REG16(0x3004)
+#define AR0234_REG_Y_ADDR_END				CCI_REG16(0x3006)
+#define AR0234_REG_X_ADDR_END				CCI_REG16(0x3008)
+#define AR0234_REG_FRAME_LENGTH_LINES			CCI_REG16(0x300a)
+#	define AR0234_FRAME_LENGTH_LINES_MIN		16
+#	define AR0234_VBLANK_MIN			\
+		(AR0234_FRAME_LENGTH_LINES_MIN + 5)
+#	define AR0234_VBLANK_MAX			0xf000
+#define AR0234_REG_LINE_LENGTH_PCK			CCI_REG16(0x300c)
+#	define AR0234_LINE_LENGTH_PCK_MIN		612
+#	define AR0234_HBLANK_MIN			\
+		((AR0234_LINE_LENGTH_PCK_MIN - AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_WIDTH / 4) * 4)
+#	define AR0234_HBLANK_MAX			0xf000
+#define AR0234_REG_REVISION_NUMBER			CCI_REG16(0x300e)
+#define AR0234_REG_COARSE_INTEGRATION_TIME		CCI_REG16(0x3012)
+#	define AR0234_EXPOSURE_MIN			2
+#	define AR0234_EXPOSURE_STEP			1
+#define AR0234_REG_FINE_INTEGRATION_TIME		CCI_REG16(0x3014)
+#define AR0234_REG_RESET				CCI_REG16(0x301a)
+#define AR0234_REG_MODE_SELECT				CCI_REG8(0x301c)
+#define AR0234_REG_IMAGE_ORIENTATION			CCI_REG8(0x301d)
+#define AR0234_REG_DATA_PEDESTAL			CCI_REG16(0x301e)
+#	define AR0234_DATA_PEDESTAL_MIN			0x0000
+#	define AR0234_DATA_PEDESTAL_MAX			0x03ff
+#	define AR0234_DATA_PEDESTAL_DEFAULT		0x002a
+#define AR0234_REG_GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD		CCI_REG8(0x3022)
+#define AR0234_REG_VT_PIX_CLK_DIV			CCI_REG16(0x302a)
+#define AR0234_REG_VT_SYS_CLK_DIV			CCI_REG16(0x302c)
+#define AR0234_REG_PRE_PLL_CLK_DIV			CCI_REG16(0x302e)
+#define AR0234_REG_PLL_MULTIPLIER			CCI_REG16(0x3030)
+#define AR0234_REG_OP_PIX_CLK_DIV			CCI_REG16(0x3036)
+#define AR0234_REG_OP_SYS_CLK_DIV			CCI_REG16(0x3038)
+#define AR0234_REG_BLUE_GAIN				CCI_REG16(0x3058)
+#define AR0234_REG_RED_GAIN				CCI_REG16(0x305a)
+#define AR0234_REG_GLOBAL_GAIN				CCI_REG16(0x305e)
+#	define AR0234_GAIN_MIN				0x0080
+#	define AR0234_GAIN_MAX				0x07ff
+#	define AR0234_GAIN_DEFAULT			0x0080
+#define AR0234_REG_ANALOG_GAIN				CCI_REG16(0x3060)
+#	define AR0234_ANA_GAIN_MIN			0x0d
+#	define AR0234_ANA_GAIN_MAX			0x40
+#	define AR0234_ANA_GAIN_DEFAULT			0x0e
+#define AR0234_REG_TEST_PATTERN_MODE			CCI_REG16(0x3070)
+#	define AR0234_TEST_PATTERN_DISABLED		0
+#	define AR0234_TEST_PATTERN_SOLID_COLOR		1
+#	define AR0234_TEST_PATTERN_VERTICAL_COLOR_BARS	2
+#	define AR0234_TEST_PATTERN_FADE_TO_GREY		3
+#	define AR0234_TEST_PATTERN_WALKING_1S		256
+#define AR0234_REG_TEST_DATA_RED			CCI_REG16(0x3072)
+#define AR0234_REG_TEST_DATA_GREENR			CCI_REG16(0x3074)
+#define AR0234_REG_TEST_DATA_BLUE			CCI_REG16(0x3076)
+#define AR0234_REG_TEST_DATA_GREENB			CCI_REG16(0x3078)
+#	define AR0234_TESTP_COLOUR_MIN			0
+#	define AR0234_TESTP_COLOUR_MAX			0x3ff
+#	define AR0234_TESTP_COLOUR_STEP			1
+#define AR0234_REG_DIGITAL_TEST				CCI_REG16(0x30b0)
+#	define DIGITAL_TEST_MONO_CHROME_OPERATION	BIT(7)
+#define AR0234_REG_MFR_30BA				CCI_REG16(0x30ba)
+#	define AR0234_MFR_30BA_GAIN_BITS(x)		(0x7620 | (x))
+#define AR0234_REG_DATA_FORMAT_BITS			CCI_REG16(0x31ac)
+#	define DATA_FORMAT_BITS(x, y)			(((x) << 8) | (y))
+#define AR0234_REG_SERIAL_FORMAT			CCI_REG16(0x31ae)
+#	define DATA_FORMAT_LANES(x)			(0x200 | (x))
+#define AR0234_REG_COMPANDING				CCI_REG16(0x31d0)
+#	define COMPANDING_DPCM_EN			BIT(0)
+#define AR0234_REG_MIPI_CNTRL				CCI_REG16(0x3354)
+
+static const struct cci_reg_sequence ar0234_common_init[] = {
+	{ AR0234_REG_FINE_INTEGRATION_TIME, 0x0000 },
+	{ AR0234_REG_DIGITAL_TEST, 0x0028 },
+};
+
+static const char *const ar0234_test_pattern_menu[] = {
+	"Disabled",
+	"Solid Color",
+	"Vertical Color Bars",
+	"Fade to Grey Vertical Color Bars",
+	"Walking 1s",
+};
+
+static const unsigned int ar0234_test_pattern_val[] = {
+	AR0234_TEST_PATTERN_DISABLED,
+	AR0234_TEST_PATTERN_SOLID_COLOR,
+	AR0234_TEST_PATTERN_VERTICAL_COLOR_BARS,
+	AR0234_TEST_PATTERN_FADE_TO_GREY,
+	AR0234_TEST_PATTERN_WALKING_1S,
+};
+
+static const char *const ar0234_supply_names[] = {
+	"vaa",
+	"vdd",
+	"vddio",
+};
+
+enum ar0234_colour_model {
+	AR0234_MODEL_MONO,
+	AR0234_MODEL_COLOUR,
+	AR0234_MODEL_MAX
+};
+
+static const enum ar0234_colour_model ar0234_model_mono = AR0234_MODEL_MONO;
+static const enum ar0234_colour_model ar0234_model_colour = AR0234_MODEL_COLOUR;
+
+enum ar0234_link_freq_index {
+	AR0234_LINK_FREQ_IDX_BPP_8,
+	AR0234_LINK_FREQ_IDX_BPP_10,
+	AR0234_LINK_FREQ_IDX_MAX
+};
+
+struct ar0234_mode {
+	u8 bpp_in;
+	u8 bpp_out;
+	u8 dpcm;
+	u8 mipi_dt;
+	int link_freq_index;
+	u32 code[AR0234_MODEL_MAX];
+};
+
+static const struct ar0234_mode ar0234_modes[] = {
+	{
+		.bpp_in = 8,
+		.bpp_out = 8,
+		.dpcm = 0,
+		.mipi_dt = MIPI_CSI2_DT_RAW8,
+		.link_freq_index = AR0234_LINK_FREQ_IDX_BPP_8,
+		.code = {
+			[AR0234_MODEL_MONO] = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_Y8_1X8,
+			[AR0234_MODEL_COLOUR] = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG8_1X8,
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		.bpp_in = 10,
+		.bpp_out = 10,
+		.dpcm = 0,
+		.mipi_dt = MIPI_CSI2_DT_RAW10,
+		.link_freq_index = AR0234_LINK_FREQ_IDX_BPP_10,
+		.code = {
+			[AR0234_MODEL_MONO] = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_Y10_1X10,
+			[AR0234_MODEL_COLOUR] = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG10_1X10,
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		.bpp_in = 10,
+		.bpp_out = 8,
+		.dpcm = COMPANDING_DPCM_EN,
+		.mipi_dt = MIPI_CSI2_DT_RAW8,
+		.link_freq_index = AR0234_LINK_FREQ_IDX_BPP_8,
+		.code = {
+			[AR0234_MODEL_COLOUR] = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG10_DPCM8_1X8,
+		},
+	},
+};
+
+struct ar0234 {
+	struct clk *clk;
+	struct regmap *regmap;
+
+	struct v4l2_subdev sd;
+	struct media_pad pad;
+
+	struct regulator_bulk_data supplies[ARRAY_SIZE(ar0234_supply_names)];
+	struct gpio_desc *reset;
+
+	struct v4l2_fwnode_endpoint ep_cfg;
+
+	u64 link_freqs[AR0234_LINK_FREQ_IDX_MAX];
+
+	enum ar0234_colour_model model;
+
+	struct ccs_pll pll;
+
+	struct v4l2_ctrl_handler ctrls;
+
+	struct v4l2_ctrl *pixel_rate;
+	struct v4l2_ctrl *link_freq;
+	struct v4l2_ctrl *hblank;
+	struct v4l2_ctrl *vblank;
+	struct v4l2_ctrl *exposure;
+	struct {
+		struct v4l2_ctrl *hflip;
+		struct v4l2_ctrl *vflip;
+	};
+};
+
+static inline struct ar0234 *to_ar0234(struct v4l2_subdev *_sd)
+{
+	return container_of(_sd, struct ar0234, sd);
+}
+
+static const struct ccs_pll_limits ar0234_pll_limits = {
+	.min_ext_clk_freq_hz = 6000000,
+	.max_ext_clk_freq_hz = 54000000,
+	.vt_fr = {
+		.min_pre_pll_clk_div = 1,
+		.max_pre_pll_clk_div = 63,
+		.min_pll_ip_clk_freq_hz = 6000000,
+		.max_pll_ip_clk_freq_hz = 12000000,
+		.min_pll_multiplier = 2,
+		.max_pll_multiplier = 254,
+		.min_pll_op_clk_freq_hz = 384000000,
+		.max_pll_op_clk_freq_hz = 768000000,
+	},
+	.vt_bk = {
+		.min_sys_clk_div = 1,
+		.max_sys_clk_div = 31,
+		.min_sys_clk_freq_hz = 6000000,
+		.max_sys_clk_freq_hz = 768000000,
+		.min_pix_clk_div = 1,
+		.max_pix_clk_div = 31,
+		.min_pix_clk_freq_hz = 6000000,
+		.max_pix_clk_freq_hz = 90000000,
+	},
+	.op_bk = {
+		.min_sys_clk_div = 1,
+		.max_sys_clk_div = 31,
+		.min_sys_clk_freq_hz = 6000000,
+		.max_sys_clk_freq_hz = 768000000,
+		.min_pix_clk_div = 1,
+		.max_pix_clk_div = 31,
+		.min_pix_clk_freq_hz = 6000000,
+		.max_pix_clk_freq_hz = 90000000,
+	},
+};
+
+static int ar0234_calculate_pll(struct ar0234 *ar0234,
+				const struct ar0234_mode *mode)
+{
+	unsigned int num_lanes = ar0234->ep_cfg.bus.mipi_csi2.num_data_lanes;
+	struct ccs_pll pll = { 0 };
+	int ret;
+
+	pll.bus_type = CCS_PLL_BUS_TYPE_CSI2_DPHY;
+	pll.op_lanes = num_lanes;
+	pll.vt_lanes = 1;
+	pll.csi2.lanes = num_lanes;
+	pll.binning_horizontal = 1;
+	pll.binning_vertical = 1;
+	pll.scale_m = 1;
+	pll.scale_n = 1;
+	pll.bits_per_pixel = mode->bpp_out;
+	pll.flags = CCS_PLL_FLAG_LANE_SPEED_MODEL |
+		    CCS_PLL_FLAG_EVEN_PLL_MULTIPLIER |
+		    CCS_PLL_FLAG_FIFO_DERATING |
+		    CCS_PLL_FLAG_FIFO_OVERRATING |
+		    CCS_PLL_FLAG_EXT_IP_PLL_DIVIDER;
+	pll.link_freq = ar0234->link_freqs[mode->link_freq_index] / 2;
+	pll.ext_clk_freq_hz = clk_get_rate(ar0234->clk);
+
+	ret = ccs_pll_calculate(ar0234->sd.dev, &ar0234_pll_limits, &pll);
+	if (!ret)
+		ar0234->pll = pll;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static u8 ar0234_mfr_30ba_bits(u32 pixel_rate, u8 val)
+{
+	if (pixel_rate <= 22500000)
+		return 6;
+
+	if (pixel_rate <= 45000000)
+		return (val <= 0x34) ? 6 : 0;
+
+	return (((val >> 4) & 0x7) < 2) ? 2 : (val <= 0x38) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_set_mfr_30ba(struct ar0234 *ar0234, u32 val)
+{
+	u8 bits = ar0234_mfr_30ba_bits(ar0234->pll.pixel_rate_pixel_array, val);
+	u16 mfr_30ba = AR0234_MFR_30BA_GAIN_BITS(bits);
+
+	return cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_MFR_30BA, mfr_30ba, NULL);
+}
+
+static int ar0234_set_analog_gain(struct ar0234 *ar0234, u32 val)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD,
+			1, NULL);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = ar0234_set_mfr_30ba(ar0234, val);
+
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_ANALOG_GAIN, val, &ret);
+
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD, 0, NULL);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const struct ar0234_mode *ar0234_mode_from_code(struct ar0234 *ar0234,
+						       u32 code, bool notempty)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ar0234_modes); i++) {
+		if (!ar0234_modes[i].code[ar0234->model])
+			continue;
+
+		if (ar0234_modes[i].code[ar0234->model] == code)
+			return &ar0234_modes[i];
+	}
+
+	return notempty ? &ar0234_modes[0] : NULL;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_set_ctrl(struct v4l2_ctrl *ctrl)
+{
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = container_of(ctrl->handler,
+					     struct ar0234, ctrls);
+	struct v4l2_subdev *sd = &ar0234->sd;
+	struct v4l2_subdev_state *state;
+	struct v4l2_rect *crop;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (ctrl->flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_READ_ONLY)
+		return 0;
+
+	state = v4l2_subdev_get_locked_active_state(sd);
+	crop = v4l2_subdev_state_get_crop(state, 0);
+
+	if (ctrl->id == V4L2_CID_VBLANK) {
+		int exposure_max = crop->height + ctrl->val - 1;
+		int exposure_val = clamp(ar0234->exposure->val,
+					 AR0234_EXPOSURE_MIN, exposure_max);
+
+		ret = __v4l2_ctrl_modify_range(ar0234->exposure,
+					       AR0234_EXPOSURE_MIN,
+					       exposure_max,
+					       AR0234_EXPOSURE_STEP,
+					       exposure_val);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (v4l2_subdev_is_streaming(sd)) {
+		switch (ctrl->id) {
+		case V4L2_CID_HFLIP:
+		case V4L2_CID_VFLIP:
+			return -EBUSY;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!pm_runtime_get_if_active(sd->dev))
+		return 0;
+
+	switch (ctrl->id) {
+	case V4L2_CID_HBLANK:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_LINE_LENGTH_PCK,
+			  (crop->width + ctrl->val) / 4, &ret);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_VBLANK:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_FRAME_LENGTH_LINES,
+			  crop->height + ctrl->val - 5, &ret);
+		if (ret)
+			break;
+		ctrl = ar0234->exposure;
+		fallthrough;
+	case V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_COARSE_INTEGRATION_TIME,
+			  ctrl->val, &ret);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_ANALOGUE_GAIN:
+		ret = ar0234_set_analog_gain(ar0234, ctrl->val);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_HFLIP:
+	case V4L2_CID_VFLIP:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_IMAGE_ORIENTATION,
+			  (ar0234->vflip->val << 1) | ar0234->hflip->val, &ret);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_BLUE_BALANCE:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_BLUE_GAIN,
+			  ctrl->val, &ret);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_RED_BALANCE:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_RED_GAIN,
+			  ctrl->val, &ret);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_DIGITAL_GAIN:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_GLOBAL_GAIN,
+			  ctrl->val, &ret);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_DATA_PEDESTAL,
+			  ctrl->val, &ret);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_TEST_PATTERN:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_TEST_PATTERN_MODE,
+			  ar0234_test_pattern_val[ctrl->val], &ret);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_TEST_PATTERN_RED:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_TEST_DATA_RED,
+			  ctrl->val, &ret);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_TEST_PATTERN_GREENR:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_TEST_DATA_GREENR,
+			  ctrl->val, &ret);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_TEST_PATTERN_BLUE:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_TEST_DATA_BLUE,
+			  ctrl->val, &ret);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_CID_TEST_PATTERN_GREENB:
+		cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_TEST_DATA_GREENB,
+			  ctrl->val, &ret);
+		break;
+	default:
+		dev_err(sd->dev, "Invalid control %d\n", ctrl->id);
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	pm_runtime_put_autosuspend(sd->dev);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const struct v4l2_ctrl_ops ar0234_ctrl_ops = {
+	.s_ctrl = ar0234_set_ctrl,
+};
+
+static int ar0234_enum_mbus_code(struct v4l2_subdev *sd,
+				 struct v4l2_subdev_state *state,
+				 struct v4l2_subdev_mbus_code_enum *code)
+{
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = to_ar0234(sd);
+
+	if (code->index >= ARRAY_SIZE(ar0234_modes))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!ar0234_modes[code->index].code[ar0234->model])
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	code->code = ar0234_modes[code->index].code[ar0234->model];
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_enum_frame_size(struct v4l2_subdev *sd,
+				  struct v4l2_subdev_state *state,
+				  struct v4l2_subdev_frame_size_enum *fse)
+{
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = to_ar0234(sd);
+
+	if (fse->index)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!ar0234_mode_from_code(ar0234, fse->code, false))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	fse->min_width = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_WIDTH;
+	fse->max_width = fse->min_width;
+	fse->min_height = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_HEIGHT;
+	fse->max_height = fse->min_height;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void ar0234_set_link_limits(struct ar0234 *ar0234,
+				   const struct ar0234_mode *mode)
+{
+	u64 pixel_rate = ar0234->link_freqs[mode->link_freq_index] * 2;
+
+	pixel_rate *= ar0234->ep_cfg.bus.mipi_csi2.num_data_lanes;
+	do_div(pixel_rate, mode->bpp_out);
+
+	__v4l2_ctrl_s_ctrl_int64(ar0234->pixel_rate, pixel_rate);
+
+	__v4l2_ctrl_s_ctrl(ar0234->link_freq, mode->link_freq_index);
+}
+
+static void ar0234_set_framing_limits(struct ar0234 *ar0234, u32 width)
+{
+	int hblank = AR0234_LINE_LENGTH_PCK_MIN * 4 - width;
+
+	__v4l2_ctrl_s_ctrl(ar0234->vblank, AR0234_VBLANK_MIN);
+
+	__v4l2_ctrl_modify_range(ar0234->hblank, AR0234_HBLANK_MIN,
+				 AR0234_HBLANK_MAX, 4, hblank);
+}
+
+static int ar0234_set_pad_format(struct v4l2_subdev *sd,
+				 struct v4l2_subdev_state *state,
+				 struct v4l2_subdev_format *fmt)
+{
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = to_ar0234(sd);
+	struct ar0234_mode const *mode;
+	struct v4l2_rect *crop;
+
+	if (fmt->which == V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_ACTIVE &&
+	    v4l2_subdev_is_streaming(sd))
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	mode = ar0234_mode_from_code(ar0234, fmt->format.code, true);
+
+	crop = v4l2_subdev_state_get_crop(state, fmt->pad);
+
+	fmt->format.width = crop->width;
+	fmt->format.height = crop->height;
+	fmt->format.code = mode->code[ar0234->model];
+	fmt->format.field = V4L2_FIELD_NONE;
+	fmt->format.colorspace = V4L2_COLORSPACE_RAW;
+	fmt->format.ycbcr_enc = V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_DEFAULT;
+	fmt->format.quantization = V4L2_QUANTIZATION_DEFAULT;
+	fmt->format.xfer_func = V4L2_XFER_FUNC_NONE;
+
+	*v4l2_subdev_state_get_format(state, fmt->pad) = fmt->format;
+
+	if (fmt->which == V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_ACTIVE) {
+		int ret = ar0234_calculate_pll(ar0234, mode);
+
+		if (ret) {
+			dev_err(sd->dev, "PLL recalculation failed: %d\n", ret);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		ar0234_set_link_limits(ar0234, mode);
+		ar0234_set_framing_limits(ar0234, crop->width);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_get_selection(struct v4l2_subdev *sd,
+				struct v4l2_subdev_state *state,
+				struct v4l2_subdev_selection *sel)
+{
+	switch (sel->target) {
+	case V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP:
+		sel->r = *v4l2_subdev_state_get_crop(state, sel->pad);
+		break;
+	case V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP_DEFAULT:
+	case V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP_BOUNDS:
+		sel->r.left = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_LEFT;
+		sel->r.top = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_TOP;
+		sel->r.width = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_WIDTH;
+		sel->r.height = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_HEIGHT;
+		break;
+	case V4L2_SEL_TGT_NATIVE_SIZE:
+		sel->r.top = 0;
+		sel->r.left = 0;
+		sel->r.width = AR0234_NATIVE_WIDTH;
+		sel->r.height = AR0234_NATIVE_HEIGHT;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_set_selection(struct v4l2_subdev *sd,
+				struct v4l2_subdev_state *state,
+				struct v4l2_subdev_selection *sel)
+{
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = to_ar0234(sd);
+	struct v4l2_rect *crop;
+	struct v4l2_rect rect;
+
+	if (sel->which == V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_ACTIVE &&
+	    v4l2_subdev_is_streaming(sd))
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	if (sel->target != V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Align the requested rectangle to the sensor's cropping granularity */
+	rect.left = round_up(sel->r.left, AR0234_CROP_WIDTH_STEP);
+	rect.top = round_up(sel->r.top, AR0234_CROP_HEIGHT_STEP);
+	rect.width = round_down(sel->r.width, AR0234_CROP_WIDTH_STEP);
+	rect.height = round_down(sel->r.height, AR0234_CROP_HEIGHT_STEP);
+
+	/* Clamp the top-left corner so that the whole rectangle stays */
+	/* inside the active pixel array */
+	rect.left =
+		clamp_t(u32, rect.left, AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_LEFT,
+			AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_LEFT + AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_WIDTH -
+			rect.width);
+	rect.top =
+		clamp_t(u32, rect.top, AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_TOP,
+			AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_TOP + AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_HEIGHT -
+			rect.height);
+
+	/* Clamp width and height to the allowed minima and to the */
+	/* remaining space after fixing the top-left corner */
+	rect.width =
+		clamp_t(u32, rect.width, AR0234_MIN_CROP_WIDTH,
+			AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_LEFT + AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_WIDTH -
+			rect.left);
+	rect.height =
+		clamp_t(u32, rect.height, AR0234_MIN_CROP_HEIGHT,
+			AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_TOP + AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_HEIGHT -
+			rect.top);
+
+	crop = v4l2_subdev_state_get_crop(state, sel->pad);
+
+	if (rect.width != crop->width || rect.height != crop->height) {
+		struct v4l2_mbus_framefmt *format;
+
+		format = v4l2_subdev_state_get_format(state, sel->pad);
+		format->width = rect.width;
+		format->height = rect.height;
+	}
+
+	*crop = rect;
+	sel->r = rect;
+
+	if (sel->which == V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_ACTIVE)
+		ar0234_set_framing_limits(ar0234, crop->width);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_init_state(struct v4l2_subdev *sd,
+			     struct v4l2_subdev_state *state)
+{
+	struct v4l2_subdev_selection sel = {
+		.target = V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP,
+		.r.left = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_LEFT,
+		.r.top = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_TOP,
+		.r.width = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_WIDTH,
+		.r.height = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_HEIGHT,
+	};
+	struct v4l2_subdev_format format = {
+		.format = {
+			.width = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_WIDTH,
+			.height = AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_HEIGHT,
+		},
+	};
+
+	ar0234_set_selection(sd, state, &sel);
+	ar0234_set_pad_format(sd, state, &format);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_enable_streams(struct v4l2_subdev *sd,
+				 struct v4l2_subdev_state *state, u32 pad,
+				 u64 streams_mask)
+{
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = to_ar0234(sd);
+	const struct v4l2_mbus_framefmt *fmt;
+	const struct ar0234_mode *mode;
+	const struct v4l2_rect *crop;
+	int x_addr_start, x_addr_end, y_addr_start, y_addr_end, ret;
+
+	if (streams_mask != 1)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	crop = v4l2_subdev_state_get_crop(state, pad);
+	fmt = v4l2_subdev_state_get_format(state, pad);
+	mode = ar0234_mode_from_code(ar0234, fmt->code, true);
+
+	ret = pm_runtime_resume_and_get(sd->dev);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_PRE_PLL_CLK_DIV,
+		  ar0234->pll.vt_fr.pre_pll_clk_div, &ret);
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_PLL_MULTIPLIER,
+		  ar0234->pll.vt_fr.pll_multiplier, &ret);
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_VT_SYS_CLK_DIV,
+		  ar0234->pll.vt_bk.sys_clk_div, &ret);
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_VT_PIX_CLK_DIV,
+		  ar0234->pll.vt_bk.pix_clk_div, &ret);
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_OP_SYS_CLK_DIV,
+		  ar0234->pll.op_bk.sys_clk_div, &ret);
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_OP_PIX_CLK_DIV,
+		  ar0234->pll.op_bk.pix_clk_div, &ret);
+
+	cci_multi_reg_write(ar0234->regmap, ar0234_common_init,
+			    ARRAY_SIZE(ar0234_common_init), &ret);
+
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_COMPANDING, mode->dpcm, &ret);
+
+	cci_update_bits(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_DIGITAL_TEST,
+			DIGITAL_TEST_MONO_CHROME_OPERATION,
+			ar0234->model == AR0234_MODEL_MONO ?
+			DIGITAL_TEST_MONO_CHROME_OPERATION : 0, &ret);
+
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_DATA_FORMAT_BITS,
+		  DATA_FORMAT_BITS(mode->bpp_in, mode->bpp_out), &ret);
+
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_SERIAL_FORMAT,
+		  DATA_FORMAT_LANES(ar0234->ep_cfg.bus.mipi_csi2.num_data_lanes),
+		  &ret);
+
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_MIPI_CNTRL, mode->mipi_dt, &ret);
+
+	x_addr_start = crop->left;
+	y_addr_start = crop->top;
+	x_addr_end = crop->left + crop->width - 1;
+	y_addr_end = crop->top + crop->height - 1;
+
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_X_ADDR_START, x_addr_start, &ret);
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_Y_ADDR_START, y_addr_start, &ret);
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_X_ADDR_END, x_addr_end, &ret);
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_Y_ADDR_END, y_addr_end, &ret);
+
+	if (ret)
+		goto start_err;
+
+	ret = __v4l2_ctrl_handler_setup(ar0234->sd.ctrl_handler);
+
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_MODE_SELECT, 1, &ret);
+	if (!ret)
+		return 0;
+
+start_err:
+	pm_runtime_put_autosuspend(sd->dev);
+
+	dev_err(sd->dev, "Failed to setup sensor\n");
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_disable_streams(struct v4l2_subdev *sd,
+				  struct v4l2_subdev_state *state, u32 pad,
+				  u64 streams_mask)
+{
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = to_ar0234(sd);
+	int ret;
+
+	if (streams_mask != 1)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	ret = cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_MODE_SELECT, 0, NULL);
+
+	pm_runtime_put_autosuspend(sd->dev);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_g_mbus_config(struct v4l2_subdev *sd, unsigned int pad,
+				struct v4l2_mbus_config *config)
+{
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = to_ar0234(sd);
+
+	config->type = V4L2_MBUS_CSI2_DPHY;
+	config->bus.mipi_csi2 = ar0234->ep_cfg.bus.mipi_csi2;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_get_frame_desc(struct v4l2_subdev *sd, unsigned int pad,
+				 struct v4l2_mbus_frame_desc *fd)
+{
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = to_ar0234(sd);
+	const struct v4l2_mbus_framefmt *fmt;
+	struct v4l2_subdev_state *state;
+	const struct ar0234_mode *mode;
+
+	state = v4l2_subdev_lock_and_get_active_state(&ar0234->sd);
+	fmt = v4l2_subdev_state_get_format(state, pad);
+	v4l2_subdev_unlock_state(state);
+
+	mode = ar0234_mode_from_code(ar0234, fmt->code, true);
+
+	fd->type = V4L2_MBUS_FRAME_DESC_TYPE_CSI2;
+	fd->num_entries = 1;
+
+	memset(fd->entry, 0, sizeof(fd->entry));
+
+	fd->entry[0].pixelcode = mode->code[ar0234->model];
+	fd->entry[0].bus.csi2.dt = mode->mipi_dt;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct v4l2_subdev_video_ops ar0234_video_ops = {
+	.s_stream = v4l2_subdev_s_stream_helper,
+};
+
+static const struct v4l2_subdev_pad_ops ar0234_pad_ops = {
+	.enum_mbus_code = ar0234_enum_mbus_code,
+	.enum_frame_size = ar0234_enum_frame_size,
+	.get_fmt = v4l2_subdev_get_fmt,
+	.set_fmt = ar0234_set_pad_format,
+	.get_selection = ar0234_get_selection,
+	.set_selection = ar0234_set_selection,
+	.enable_streams = ar0234_enable_streams,
+	.disable_streams = ar0234_disable_streams,
+	.get_mbus_config = ar0234_g_mbus_config,
+	.get_frame_desc = ar0234_get_frame_desc,
+};
+
+static const struct v4l2_subdev_ops ar0234_subdev_ops = {
+	.video = &ar0234_video_ops,
+	.pad = &ar0234_pad_ops,
+};
+
+static const struct v4l2_subdev_internal_ops ar0234_internal_ops = {
+	.init_state = ar0234_init_state,
+};
+
+static const struct media_entity_operations ar0234_subdev_entity_ops = {
+	.link_validate = v4l2_subdev_link_validate,
+};
+
+static int ar0234_ctrls_init(struct ar0234 *ar0234)
+{
+	struct v4l2_fwnode_device_properties props;
+	unsigned int i;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = v4l2_ctrl_handler_init(&ar0234->ctrls, 17 + 2);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ar0234->pixel_rate = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+					       V4L2_CID_PIXEL_RATE, 1,
+					       INT_MAX, 1, 1);
+
+	ar0234->link_freq =
+		v4l2_ctrl_new_int_menu(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+				       V4L2_CID_LINK_FREQ,
+				       AR0234_LINK_FREQ_IDX_MAX - 1, 0,
+				       ar0234->link_freqs);
+	if (ar0234->link_freq)
+		ar0234->link_freq->flags |= V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_READ_ONLY;
+
+	ar0234->hblank = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+					   V4L2_CID_HBLANK, AR0234_HBLANK_MIN,
+					   AR0234_HBLANK_MAX, 4,
+					   AR0234_HBLANK_MIN);
+
+	ar0234->vblank = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+					   V4L2_CID_VBLANK, AR0234_VBLANK_MIN,
+					   AR0234_VBLANK_MAX, 1,
+					   AR0234_VBLANK_MIN);
+
+	ar0234->exposure = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+					     V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE,
+					     AR0234_EXPOSURE_MIN, U16_MAX,
+					     AR0234_EXPOSURE_STEP, 200);
+
+	v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+			  V4L2_CID_ANALOGUE_GAIN, AR0234_ANA_GAIN_MIN,
+			  AR0234_ANA_GAIN_MAX, 1, AR0234_ANA_GAIN_DEFAULT);
+
+	v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops, V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS,
+			  AR0234_DATA_PEDESTAL_MIN, AR0234_DATA_PEDESTAL_MAX, 1,
+			  AR0234_DATA_PEDESTAL_DEFAULT);
+
+	ar0234->hflip = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+					  V4L2_CID_HFLIP, 0, 1, 1, 0);
+	ar0234->vflip = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+					  V4L2_CID_VFLIP, 0, 1, 1, 0);
+	v4l2_ctrl_cluster(2, &ar0234->hflip);
+
+	v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+			  V4L2_CID_BLUE_BALANCE, AR0234_GAIN_MIN,
+			  AR0234_GAIN_MAX, 1, AR0234_GAIN_DEFAULT);
+
+	v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+			  V4L2_CID_RED_BALANCE, AR0234_GAIN_MIN,
+			  AR0234_GAIN_MAX, 1, AR0234_GAIN_DEFAULT);
+
+	v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+			  V4L2_CID_DIGITAL_GAIN, AR0234_GAIN_MIN,
+			  AR0234_GAIN_MAX, 1, AR0234_GAIN_DEFAULT);
+
+	v4l2_ctrl_new_std_menu_items(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+				     V4L2_CID_TEST_PATTERN,
+				     ARRAY_SIZE(ar0234_test_pattern_menu) - 1,
+				     0, 0, ar0234_test_pattern_menu);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+				  V4L2_CID_TEST_PATTERN_RED + i,
+				  AR0234_TESTP_COLOUR_MIN,
+				  AR0234_TESTP_COLOUR_MAX,
+				  AR0234_TESTP_COLOUR_STEP,
+				  AR0234_TESTP_COLOUR_MAX);
+	}
+
+	ret = v4l2_fwnode_device_parse(ar0234->sd.dev, &props);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = v4l2_ctrl_new_fwnode_properties(&ar0234->ctrls, &ar0234_ctrl_ops,
+					      &props);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ar0234->sd.ctrl_handler = &ar0234->ctrls;
+
+	ar0234_set_link_limits(ar0234, &ar0234_modes[0]);
+	ar0234_set_framing_limits(ar0234, AR0234_PIXEL_ARRAY_WIDTH);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_parse_hw_config(struct ar0234 *ar0234)
+{
+	struct v4l2_fwnode_endpoint *ep_cfg = &ar0234->ep_cfg;
+	struct fwnode_handle *ep __free(fwnode_handle) = NULL;
+	unsigned int i;
+	int ret;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ar0234->supplies); i++)
+		ar0234->supplies[i].supply = ar0234_supply_names[i];
+
+	ret = devm_regulator_bulk_get(ar0234->sd.dev,
+				      ARRAY_SIZE(ar0234->supplies),
+				      ar0234->supplies);
+	if (ret)
+		return dev_err_probe(ar0234->sd.dev, ret,
+				     "Failed to get supplies\n");
+
+	ar0234->reset = devm_gpiod_get_optional(ar0234->sd.dev, "reset",
+						GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+	if (IS_ERR(ar0234->reset))
+		return dev_err_probe(ar0234->sd.dev, PTR_ERR(ar0234->reset),
+				     "Failed to get reset GPIO\n");
+
+	ar0234->clk = devm_v4l2_sensor_clk_get(ar0234->sd.dev, NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR(ar0234->clk))
+		return dev_err_probe(ar0234->sd.dev, PTR_ERR(ar0234->clk),
+				     "Failed to get clock\n");
+
+	ep = fwnode_graph_get_next_endpoint(dev_fwnode(ar0234->sd.dev), NULL);
+	if (!ep)
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	ep_cfg->bus_type = V4L2_MBUS_CSI2_DPHY;
+
+	ret = v4l2_fwnode_endpoint_alloc_parse(ep, ep_cfg);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	switch (ep_cfg->bus.mipi_csi2.num_data_lanes) {
+	case 2:
+	case 4:
+		break;
+	default:
+		ret = dev_err_probe(ar0234->sd.dev, -EINVAL,
+				    "Invalid number of CSI2 data lanes %d\n",
+				    ep_cfg->bus.mipi_csi2.num_data_lanes);
+		goto done_endpoint_free;
+	}
+
+	if (ep_cfg->nr_of_link_frequencies != AR0234_LINK_FREQ_IDX_MAX) {
+		ret = dev_err_probe(ar0234->sd.dev, -EINVAL,
+				    "Invalid number of link frequencies %u\n",
+				    ep_cfg->nr_of_link_frequencies);
+		goto done_endpoint_free;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ep_cfg->nr_of_link_frequencies; i++) {
+		s64 freq = ep_cfg->link_frequencies[i];
+
+		if (freq < 360000000LL || freq > 450000000LL) {
+			ret = dev_err_probe(ar0234->sd.dev, -EINVAL,
+					    "Invalid link frequency %lli\n",
+					    freq);
+			goto done_endpoint_free;
+		}
+
+		ar0234->link_freqs[i] = freq;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+done_endpoint_free:
+	v4l2_fwnode_endpoint_free(ep_cfg);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_identify_module(struct ar0234 *ar0234)
+{
+	const enum ar0234_colour_model *forced;
+	u64 id, rev;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = cci_read(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_CHIP_VERSION, &id, NULL);
+	ret = cci_read(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_REVISION_NUMBER, &rev, &ret);
+	if (ret)
+		return dev_err_probe(ar0234->sd.dev, ret,
+				     "Failed to read chip id\n");
+
+	if (id == AR0234_CHIP_ID_MONO)
+		ar0234->model = AR0234_MODEL_MONO;
+	else if (id == AR0234_CHIP_ID)
+		ar0234->model = AR0234_MODEL_COLOUR;
+	else
+		return dev_err_probe(ar0234->sd.dev, -ENODEV,
+				     "Invalid chip id: 0x%04x\n", (u16)id);
+
+	dev_info(ar0234->sd.dev, "Success reading chip id: 0x%04x, Rev.%lld\n",
+		 (u16)id, (rev >> 12) & 0xf);
+
+	forced = device_get_match_data(ar0234->sd.dev);
+
+	if (forced && *forced != ar0234->model) {
+		ar0234->model = *forced;
+
+		dev_warn(ar0234->sd.dev,
+			 "Chip id does not match forced \"%s\" model\n",
+			 *forced == AR0234_MODEL_MONO ? "mono" : "colour");
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_power_on(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct v4l2_subdev *sd = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = to_ar0234(sd);
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = regulator_bulk_enable(ARRAY_SIZE(ar0234->supplies),
+				    ar0234->supplies);
+	if (ret) {
+		dev_err(dev, "Failed to enable regulators\n");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = clk_prepare_enable(ar0234->clk);
+	if (ret) {
+		dev_err(dev, "Failed to enable clock\n");
+		regulator_bulk_disable(ARRAY_SIZE(ar0234->supplies),
+				       ar0234->supplies);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	gpiod_set_value_cansleep(ar0234->reset, 0);
+
+	/* ~160000 EXTCLKs */
+	fsleep(DIV_ROUND_UP(160000ULL * 1000000, clk_get_rate(ar0234->clk)));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_power_off(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct v4l2_subdev *sd = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = to_ar0234(sd);
+
+	gpiod_set_value_cansleep(ar0234->reset, 1);
+
+	regulator_bulk_disable(ARRAY_SIZE(ar0234->supplies), ar0234->supplies);
+
+	clk_disable_unprepare(ar0234->clk);
+
+	/* 100ms PwrDown until next PwrUp */
+	fsleep(100000);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void ar0234_subdev_cleanup(struct ar0234 *ar0234)
+{
+	media_entity_cleanup(&ar0234->sd.entity);
+	v4l2_ctrl_handler_free(&ar0234->ctrls);
+}
+
+static int ar0234_soft_reset(struct ar0234 *ar0234)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_RESET, 0x0001, NULL);
+	fsleep(2000);
+	cci_write(ar0234->regmap, AR0234_REG_RESET, 0x2018, &ret);
+	fsleep(2000);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int ar0234_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
+{
+	struct device *dev = &client->dev;
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234;
+	int ret;
+
+	ar0234 = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*ar0234), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!ar0234)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	ar0234->regmap = devm_cci_regmap_init_i2c(client, 16);
+	if (IS_ERR(ar0234->regmap))
+		return PTR_ERR(ar0234->regmap);
+
+	v4l2_i2c_subdev_init(&ar0234->sd, client, &ar0234_subdev_ops);
+
+	ret = ar0234_parse_hw_config(ar0234);
+	if (ret)
+		goto error_subdev;
+
+	ret = ar0234_power_on(dev);
+	if (ret)
+		goto error_ep;
+
+	pm_runtime_set_active(dev);
+	pm_runtime_get_noresume(dev);
+	pm_runtime_enable(dev);
+	pm_runtime_set_autosuspend_delay(dev, 1000);
+	pm_runtime_use_autosuspend(dev);
+
+	ret = ar0234_soft_reset(ar0234);
+	if (ret)
+		goto error_pm;
+
+	ret = ar0234_identify_module(ar0234);
+	if (ret)
+		goto error_pm;
+
+	ret = ar0234_calculate_pll(ar0234, &ar0234_modes[0]);
+	if (ret) {
+		dev_err_probe(dev, ret, "PLL calculations failed\n");
+		goto error_pm;
+	}
+
+	ar0234->sd.internal_ops = &ar0234_internal_ops;
+	ar0234->sd.flags |= V4L2_SUBDEV_FL_HAS_DEVNODE;
+	ar0234->sd.entity.ops = &ar0234_subdev_entity_ops;
+	ar0234->sd.entity.function = MEDIA_ENT_F_CAM_SENSOR;
+
+	ret = ar0234_ctrls_init(ar0234);
+	if (ret)
+		goto error_pm;
+
+	ar0234->sd.state_lock = ar0234->ctrls.lock;
+
+	ar0234->pad.flags = MEDIA_PAD_FL_SOURCE;
+	ret = media_entity_pads_init(&ar0234->sd.entity, 1, &ar0234->pad);
+	if (ret) {
+		dev_err_probe(dev, ret, "Failed to init entity pads\n");
+		goto error_pm;
+	}
+
+	ret = v4l2_subdev_init_finalize(&ar0234->sd);
+	if (ret) {
+		dev_err_probe(dev, ret, "Subdev init error\n");
+		goto error_media;
+	}
+
+	ret = v4l2_async_register_subdev_sensor(&ar0234->sd);
+	if (ret) {
+		dev_err_probe(dev, ret,
+			      "Failed to register sensor sub-device\n");
+		goto error_media;
+	}
+
+	pm_runtime_put_autosuspend(dev);
+
+	return 0;
+
+error_media:
+	media_entity_cleanup(&ar0234->sd.entity);
+
+error_pm:
+	pm_runtime_disable(dev);
+	pm_runtime_put_noidle(dev);
+	ar0234_power_off(dev);
+
+error_ep:
+	v4l2_fwnode_endpoint_free(&ar0234->ep_cfg);
+
+error_subdev:
+	ar0234_subdev_cleanup(ar0234);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void ar0234_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
+{
+	struct v4l2_subdev *sd = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
+	struct ar0234 *ar0234 = to_ar0234(sd);
+
+	v4l2_async_unregister_subdev(sd);
+	ar0234_subdev_cleanup(ar0234);
+	v4l2_fwnode_endpoint_free(&ar0234->ep_cfg);
+
+	pm_runtime_disable(&client->dev);
+	if (!pm_runtime_status_suspended(&client->dev))
+		ar0234_power_off(&client->dev);
+	pm_runtime_set_suspended(&client->dev);
+}
+
+static const struct acpi_device_id ar0234_acpi_ids[] = {
+	{ "INTC10C0" },
+	{ }
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, ar0234_acpi_ids);
+
+static const struct of_device_id ar0234_dt_ids[] = {
+	{ .compatible = "onnn,ar0234cs", .data = NULL, },
+	{ .compatible = "onnn,ar0234cssc", .data = &ar0234_model_colour, },
+	{ .compatible = "onnn,ar0234cssm", .data = &ar0234_model_mono, },
+	{ }
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, ar0234_dt_ids);
+
+static DEFINE_RUNTIME_DEV_PM_OPS(ar0234_pm_ops, ar0234_power_off,
+				 ar0234_power_on, NULL);
+
+static struct i2c_driver ar0234_i2c_driver = {
+	.driver = {
+		.name = "ar0234",
+		.acpi_match_table = ACPI_PTR(ar0234_acpi_ids),
+		.of_match_table	= of_match_ptr(ar0234_dt_ids),
+		.pm = pm_ptr(&ar0234_pm_ops),
+	},
+	.probe = ar0234_probe,
+	.remove = ar0234_remove,
+};
+module_i2c_driver(ar0234_i2c_driver);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("onsemi AR0234 Camera Sensor Driver");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Alexander Shiyan <eagle.alexander923@gmail.com>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
-- 
2.52.0

Re: [PATCH 1/2] dt-bindings: media: i2c: Add onsemi AR0234 image sensor binding

[Rob Herring (Arm)]

On Fri, 31 Jul 2026 10:35:04 +0300, Alexander Shiyan wrote:
> Add devicetree binding for the onsemi AR0234 CMOS image sensor.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Alexander Shiyan <eagle.alexander923@gmail.com>
> ---
>  .../bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml       | 123 ++++++++++++++++++
>  1 file changed, 123 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml
> 

My bot found errors running 'make dt_binding_check' on your patch:

yamllint warnings/errors:

dtschema/dtc warnings/errors:
/builds/robherring/dt-review-ci/linux/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml: ignoring, error in schema: properties: compatible: oneOf
/builds/robherring/dt-review-ci/linux/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml: properties:compatible:oneOf: {'const': 'onnn,ar0234cs', 'items': {'enum': 'onnn,ar0234cssc onnn,ar0234cssm', 'const': 'onnn,ar0234cs'}} should not be valid under {'items': {'propertyNames': {'const': 'const'}, 'required': ['const']}}
	hint: Use 'enum' rather than 'oneOf' + 'const' entries
	from schema $id: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/keywords.yaml
/builds/robherring/dt-review-ci/linux/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml: properties:compatible:oneOf: {'const': 'onnn,ar0234cs', 'items': {'enum': 'onnn,ar0234cssc onnn,ar0234cssm', 'const': 'onnn,ar0234cs'}} is not of type 'array'
	from schema $id: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/string-array.yaml
/builds/robherring/dt-review-ci/linux/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.yaml: properties:compatible:oneOf: {'const': 'onnn,ar0234cs', 'items': {'enum': 'onnn,ar0234cssc onnn,ar0234cssm', 'const': 'onnn,ar0234cs'}} is not of type 'array'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/dt-doc-validate", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
             ~~~~^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.13/dist-packages/dtschema/doc_validate.py", line 66, in main
    ret |= check_doc(f)
           ~~~~~~~~~^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.13/dist-packages/dtschema/doc_validate.py", line 37, in check_doc
    dtsch.check_schema_refs()
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.13/dist-packages/dtschema/schema.py", line 242, in check_schema_refs
    self._check_schema_refs(resolver, self)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.13/dist-packages/dtschema/schema.py", line 212, in _check_schema_refs
    self._check_schema_refs(resolver, v, parent=k, is_common=is_common,
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                            has_constraint=has_constraint)
                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.13/dist-packages/dtschema/schema.py", line 212, in _check_schema_refs
    self._check_schema_refs(resolver, v, parent=k, is_common=is_common,
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                            has_constraint=has_constraint)
                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.13/dist-packages/dtschema/schema.py", line 203, in _check_schema_refs
    ref_sch = resolver.lookup(schema['$ref']).contents
              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.13/dist-packages/referencing/_core.py", line 682, in lookup
    retrieved = self._registry.get_or_retrieve(uri)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.13/dist-packages/referencing/_core.py", line 422, in get_or_retrieve
    registry = self.crawl()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.13/dist-packages/referencing/_core.py", line 500, in crawl
    id = resource.id()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.13/dist-packages/referencing/_core.py", line 231, in id
    id = self._specification.id_of(self.contents)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.13/dist-packages/referencing/jsonschema.py", line 50, in _dollar_id
    return contents.get("$id")
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'get'
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.example.dtb: /example-0/i2c/camera@18: failed to match any schema with compatible: ['onnn,ar0234cssc', 'onnn,ar0234cs']
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/i2c/onnn,ar0234.example.dtb: /example-0/i2c/camera@18: failed to match any schema with compatible: ['onnn,ar0234cssc', 'onnn,ar0234cs']

doc reference errors (make refcheckdocs):

See https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/devicetree/patch/20260731073505.2278769-2-eagle.alexander923@gmail.com

The base for the series is generally the latest rc1. A different dependency
should be noted in *this* patch.

If you already ran 'make dt_binding_check' and didn't see the above
error(s), then make sure 'yamllint' is installed and dt-schema is up to
date:

pip3 install dtschema --upgrade

Please check and re-submit after running the above command yourself. Note
that DT_SCHEMA_FILES can be set to your schema file to speed up checking
your schema. However, it must be unset to test all examples with your schema.