[PATCH 4.14 03/54] MIPS: Call dump_stack() from show_regs()

[PATCH 4.14 03/54] MIPS: Call dump_stack() from show_regs()

[Greg Kroah-Hartman]

4.14-stable review patch.  If anyone has any objections, please let me know.

------------------

From: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>

commit 5a267832c2ec47b2dad0fdb291a96bb5b8869315 upstream.

The generic nmi_cpu_backtrace() function calls show_regs() when a struct
pt_regs is available, and dump_stack() otherwise. If we were to make use
of the generic nmi_cpu_backtrace() with MIPS' current implementation of
show_regs() this would mean that we see only register data with no
accompanying stack information, in contrast with our current
implementation which calls dump_stack() regardless of whether register
state is available.

In preparation for making use of the generic nmi_cpu_backtrace() to
implement arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace(), have our implementation of
show_regs() call dump_stack() and drop the explicit dump_stack() call in
arch_dump_stack() which is invoked by arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace().

This will allow the output we produce to remain the same after a later
patch switches to using nmi_cpu_backtrace(). It may mean that we produce
extra stack output in other uses of show_regs(), but this:

  1) Seems harmless.
  2) Is good for consistency between arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace()
     and other users of show_regs().
  3) Matches the behaviour of the ARM & PowerPC architectures.

Marked for stable back to v4.9 as a prerequisite of the following patch
"MIPS: Call dump_stack() from show_regs()".

Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
Patchwork: https://patchwork.linux-mips.org/patch/19596/
Cc: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhc@lemote.com>
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.9+
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 arch/mips/kernel/process.c |    4 ++--
 arch/mips/kernel/traps.c   |    1 +
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

--- a/arch/mips/kernel/process.c
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/process.c
@@ -663,8 +663,8 @@ static void arch_dump_stack(void *info)
 
 	if (regs)
 		show_regs(regs);
-
-	dump_stack();
+	else
+		dump_stack();
 }
 
 void arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace(const cpumask_t *mask, bool exclude_self)
--- a/arch/mips/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/traps.c
@@ -351,6 +351,7 @@ static void __show_regs(const struct pt_
 void show_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
 	__show_regs((struct pt_regs *)regs);
+	dump_stack();
 }
 
 void show_registers(struct pt_regs *regs)

[PATCH 4.14 04/54] MIPS: Use async IPIs for arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace()

[Greg Kroah-Hartman]

4.14-stable review patch.  If anyone has any objections, please let me know.

------------------

From: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>

commit b63e132b6433a41cf311e8bc382d33fd2b73b505 upstream.

The current MIPS implementation of arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace() is
broken because it attempts to use synchronous IPIs despite the fact that
it may be run with interrupts disabled.

This means that when arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace() is invoked, for
example by the RCU CPU stall watchdog, we may:

  - Deadlock due to use of synchronous IPIs with interrupts disabled,
    causing the CPU that's attempting to generate the backtrace output
    to hang itself.

  - Not succeed in generating the desired output from remote CPUs.

  - Produce warnings about this from smp_call_function_many(), for
    example:

    [42760.526910] INFO: rcu_sched detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:
    [42760.535755]  0-...!: (1 GPs behind) idle=ade/140000000000000/0 softirq=526944/526945 fqs=0
    [42760.547874]  1-...!: (0 ticks this GP) idle=e4a/140000000000000/0 softirq=547885/547885 fqs=0
    [42760.559869]  (detected by 2, t=2162 jiffies, g=266689, c=266688, q=33)
    [42760.568927] ------------[ cut here ]------------
    [42760.576146] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 1216 at kernel/smp.c:416 smp_call_function_many+0x88/0x20c
    [42760.587839] Modules linked in:
    [42760.593152] CPU: 2 PID: 1216 Comm: sh Not tainted 4.15.4-00373-gee058bb4d0c2 #2
    [42760.603767] Stack : 8e09bd20 8e09bd20 8e09bd20 fffffff0 00000007 00000006 00000000 8e09bca8
    [42760.616937]         95b2b379 95b2b379 807a0080 00000007 81944518 0000018a 00000032 00000000
    [42760.630095]         00000000 00000030 80000000 00000000 806eca74 00000009 8017e2b8 000001a0
    [42760.643169]         00000000 00000002 00000000 8e09baa4 00000008 808b8008 86d69080 8e09bca0
    [42760.656282]         8e09ad50 805e20aa 00000000 00000000 00000000 8017e2b8 00000009 801070ca
    [42760.669424]         ...
    [42760.673919] Call Trace:
    [42760.678672] [<27fde568>] show_stack+0x70/0xf0
    [42760.685417] [<84751641>] dump_stack+0xaa/0xd0
    [42760.692188] [<699d671c>] __warn+0x80/0x92
    [42760.698549] [<68915d41>] warn_slowpath_null+0x28/0x36
    [42760.705912] [<f7c76c1c>] smp_call_function_many+0x88/0x20c
    [42760.713696] [<6bbdfc2a>] arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace+0x30/0x4a
    [42760.722216] [<f845bd33>] rcu_dump_cpu_stacks+0x6a/0x98
    [42760.729580] [<796e7629>] rcu_check_callbacks+0x672/0x6ac
    [42760.737476] [<059b3b43>] update_process_times+0x18/0x34
    [42760.744981] [<6eb94941>] tick_sched_handle.isra.5+0x26/0x38
    [42760.752793] [<478d3d70>] tick_sched_timer+0x1c/0x50
    [42760.759882] [<e56ea39f>] __hrtimer_run_queues+0xc6/0x226
    [42760.767418] [<e88bbcae>] hrtimer_interrupt+0x88/0x19a
    [42760.775031] [<6765a19e>] gic_compare_interrupt+0x2e/0x3a
    [42760.782761] [<0558bf5f>] handle_percpu_devid_irq+0x78/0x168
    [42760.790795] [<90c11ba2>] generic_handle_irq+0x1e/0x2c
    [42760.798117] [<1b6d462c>] gic_handle_local_int+0x38/0x86
    [42760.805545] [<b2ada1c7>] gic_irq_dispatch+0xa/0x14
    [42760.812534] [<90c11ba2>] generic_handle_irq+0x1e/0x2c
    [42760.820086] [<c7521934>] do_IRQ+0x16/0x20
    [42760.826274] [<9aef3ce6>] plat_irq_dispatch+0x62/0x94
    [42760.833458] [<6a94b53c>] except_vec_vi_end+0x70/0x78
    [42760.840655] [<22284043>] smp_call_function_many+0x1ba/0x20c
    [42760.848501] [<54022b58>] smp_call_function+0x1e/0x2c
    [42760.855693] [<ab9fc705>] flush_tlb_mm+0x2a/0x98
    [42760.862730] [<0844cdd0>] tlb_flush_mmu+0x1c/0x44
    [42760.869628] [<cb259b74>] arch_tlb_finish_mmu+0x26/0x3e
    [42760.877021] [<1aeaaf74>] tlb_finish_mmu+0x18/0x66
    [42760.883907] [<b3fce717>] exit_mmap+0x76/0xea
    [42760.890428] [<c4c8a2f6>] mmput+0x80/0x11a
    [42760.896632] [<a41a08f4>] do_exit+0x1f4/0x80c
    [42760.903158] [<ee01cef6>] do_group_exit+0x20/0x7e
    [42760.909990] [<13fa8d54>] __wake_up_parent+0x0/0x1e
    [42760.917045] [<46cf89d0>] smp_call_function_many+0x1a2/0x20c
    [42760.924893] [<8c21a93b>] syscall_common+0x14/0x1c
    [42760.931765] ---[ end trace 02aa09da9dc52a60 ]---
    [42760.938342] ------------[ cut here ]------------
    [42760.945311] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 1216 at kernel/smp.c:291 smp_call_function_single+0xee/0xf8
    ...

This patch switches MIPS' arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace() to use async
IPIs & smp_call_function_single_async() in order to resolve this
problem. We ensure use of the pre-allocated call_single_data_t
structures is serialized by maintaining a cpumask indicating that
they're busy, and refusing to attempt to send an IPI when a CPU's bit is
set in this mask. This should only happen if a CPU hasn't responded to a
previous backtrace IPI - ie. if it's hung - and we print a warning to
the console in this case.

I've marked this for stable branches as far back as v4.9, to which it
applies cleanly. Strictly speaking the faulty MIPS implementation can be
traced further back to commit 856839b76836 ("MIPS: Add
arch_trigger_all_cpu_backtrace() function") in v3.19, but kernel
versions v3.19 through v4.8 will require further work to backport due to
the rework performed in commit 9a01c3ed5cdb ("nmi_backtrace: add more
trigger_*_cpu_backtrace() methods").

Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
Patchwork: https://patchwork.linux-mips.org/patch/19597/
Cc: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhc@lemote.com>
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.9+
Fixes: 856839b76836 ("MIPS: Add arch_trigger_all_cpu_backtrace() function")
Fixes: 9a01c3ed5cdb ("nmi_backtrace: add more trigger_*_cpu_backtrace() methods")
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 arch/mips/kernel/process.c |   45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

--- a/arch/mips/kernel/process.c
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/process.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
 #include <linux/random.h>
 #include <linux/prctl.h>
+#include <linux/nmi.h>
 
 #include <asm/asm.h>
 #include <asm/bootinfo.h>
@@ -655,28 +656,42 @@ unsigned long arch_align_stack(unsigned
 	return sp & ALMASK;
 }
 
-static void arch_dump_stack(void *info)
-{
-	struct pt_regs *regs;
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(call_single_data_t, backtrace_csd);
+static struct cpumask backtrace_csd_busy;
 
-	regs = get_irq_regs();
-
-	if (regs)
-		show_regs(regs);
-	else
-		dump_stack();
+static void handle_backtrace(void *info)
+{
+	nmi_cpu_backtrace(get_irq_regs());
+	cpumask_clear_cpu(smp_processor_id(), &backtrace_csd_busy);
 }
 
-void arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace(const cpumask_t *mask, bool exclude_self)
+static void raise_backtrace(cpumask_t *mask)
 {
-	long this_cpu = get_cpu();
+	call_single_data_t *csd;
+	int cpu;
 
-	if (cpumask_test_cpu(this_cpu, mask) && !exclude_self)
-		dump_stack();
+	for_each_cpu(cpu, mask) {
+		/*
+		 * If we previously sent an IPI to the target CPU & it hasn't
+		 * cleared its bit in the busy cpumask then it didn't handle
+		 * our previous IPI & it's not safe for us to reuse the
+		 * call_single_data_t.
+		 */
+		if (cpumask_test_and_set_cpu(cpu, &backtrace_csd_busy)) {
+			pr_warn("Unable to send backtrace IPI to CPU%u - perhaps it hung?\n",
+				cpu);
+			continue;
+		}
 
-	smp_call_function_many(mask, arch_dump_stack, NULL, 1);
+		csd = &per_cpu(backtrace_csd, cpu);
+		csd->func = handle_backtrace;
+		smp_call_function_single_async(cpu, csd);
+	}
+}
 
-	put_cpu();
+void arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace(const cpumask_t *mask, bool exclude_self)
+{
+	nmi_trigger_cpumask_backtrace(mask, exclude_self, raise_backtrace);
 }
 
 int mips_get_process_fp_mode(struct task_struct *task)

[PATCH 4.14 05/54] MIPS: Fix ioremap() RAM check

[Greg Kroah-Hartman]

4.14-stable review patch.  If anyone has any objections, please let me know.

------------------

From: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>

commit 523402fa9101090c91d2033b7ebdfdcf65880488 upstream.

We currently attempt to check whether a physical address range provided
to __ioremap() may be in use by the page allocator by examining the
value of PageReserved for each page in the region - lowmem pages not
marked reserved are presumed to be in use by the page allocator, and
requests to ioremap them fail.

The way we check this has been broken since commit 92923ca3aace ("mm:
meminit: only set page reserved in the memblock region"), because
memblock will typically not have any knowledge of non-RAM pages and
therefore those pages will not have the PageReserved flag set. Thus when
we attempt to ioremap a region outside of RAM we incorrectly fail
believing that the region is RAM that may be in use.

In most cases ioremap() on MIPS will take a fast-path to use the
unmapped kseg1 or xkphys virtual address spaces and never hit this path,
so the only way to hit it is for a MIPS32 system to attempt to ioremap()
an address range in lowmem with flags other than _CACHE_UNCACHED.
Perhaps the most straightforward way to do this is using
ioremap_uncached_accelerated(), which is how the problem was discovered.

Fix this by making use of walk_system_ram_range() to test the address
range provided to __ioremap() against only RAM pages, rather than all
lowmem pages. This means that if we have a lowmem I/O region, which is
very common for MIPS systems, we're free to ioremap() address ranges
within it. A nice bonus is that the test is no longer limited to lowmem.

The approach here matches the way x86 performed the same test after
commit c81c8a1eeede ("x86, ioremap: Speed up check for RAM pages") until
x86 moved towards a slightly more complicated check using walk_mem_res()
for unrelated reasons with commit 0e4c12b45aa8 ("x86/mm, resource: Use
PAGE_KERNEL protection for ioremap of memory pages").

Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
Reported-by: Serge Semin <fancer.lancer@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Serge Semin <fancer.lancer@gmail.com>
Fixes: 92923ca3aace ("mm: meminit: only set page reserved in the memblock region")
Cc: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.2+
Patchwork: https://patchwork.linux-mips.org/patch/19786/
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

---
 arch/mips/mm/ioremap.c |   37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

--- a/arch/mips/mm/ioremap.c
+++ b/arch/mips/mm/ioremap.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <asm/addrspace.h>
 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
+#include <linux/ioport.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
@@ -98,6 +99,20 @@ static int remap_area_pages(unsigned lon
 	return error;
 }
 
+static int __ioremap_check_ram(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
+			       void *arg)
+{
+	unsigned long i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
+		if (pfn_valid(start_pfn + i) &&
+		    !PageReserved(pfn_to_page(start_pfn + i)))
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Generic mapping function (not visible outside):
  */
@@ -116,8 +131,8 @@ static int remap_area_pages(unsigned lon
 
 void __iomem * __ioremap(phys_addr_t phys_addr, phys_addr_t size, unsigned long flags)
 {
+	unsigned long offset, pfn, last_pfn;
 	struct vm_struct * area;
-	unsigned long offset;
 	phys_addr_t last_addr;
 	void * addr;
 
@@ -137,18 +152,16 @@ void __iomem * __ioremap(phys_addr_t phy
 		return (void __iomem *) CKSEG1ADDR(phys_addr);
 
 	/*
-	 * Don't allow anybody to remap normal RAM that we're using..
+	 * Don't allow anybody to remap RAM that may be allocated by the page
+	 * allocator, since that could lead to races & data clobbering.
 	 */
-	if (phys_addr < virt_to_phys(high_memory)) {
-		char *t_addr, *t_end;
-		struct page *page;
-
-		t_addr = __va(phys_addr);
-		t_end = t_addr + (size - 1);
-
-		for(page = virt_to_page(t_addr); page <= virt_to_page(t_end); page++)
-			if(!PageReserved(page))
-				return NULL;
+	pfn = PFN_DOWN(phys_addr);
+	last_pfn = PFN_DOWN(last_addr);
+	if (walk_system_ram_range(pfn, last_pfn - pfn + 1, NULL,
+				  __ioremap_check_ram) == 1) {
+		WARN_ONCE(1, "ioremap on RAM at %pa - %pa\n",
+			  &phys_addr, &last_addr);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
 	/*