(no subject)

[caoxiang]

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Greetings

I've encountered a problem when I am porting linux 2.4.3 to the SEAD-2 board.

The tool-chain I used include:
gcc-mipsel-linux-2.95.4
gcc-mips-linux-2.95.4
binutils-mipsel-linux-2.13.1
An error occured like that When I make the kernel:
mipsel-linux-ld -static -G 0 -T arch/mips/ld.script arch/mips/kernel/head.o arch/mips/kernel/init_task.o init/main.o init/version.o \        --start-group \        arch/mips/kernel/kernel.o arch/mips/mm/mm.o kernel/kernel.o mm/mm.o fs/fs.o ipc/ipc.o arch/mips/math-emu/fpu_emulator.o \        drivers/block/block.o drivers/char/char.o drivers/misc/misc.o drivers/net/net.o drivers/media/media.o  drivers/parport/driver.o drivers/usb/usbdrv.o \        net/network.o \        arch/mips/lib/lib.a /usr/local/0_mips/linux-2.4.3/lib/lib.a arch/mips/mips-boards/sead/sead.o arch/mips/mips-boards/generic/mipsboards.o \        --end-group \        -o vmlinuxmipsel-linux-ld: target elf32-littlemips not foundmake: *** [vmlinux] Error 1
As I change to big endian the problem still exists. Shall I apply some patch?
Thanks for help.
remex

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Re:

[Fuxin Zhang]

caoxiang wrote:

>Greetings
>
>I've encountered a problem when I am porting linux 2.4.3 to the SEAD-2 board.
>
>The tool-chain I used include:
>
>gcc-mipsel-linux-2.95.4
>
>gcc-mips-linux-2.95.4
>
>binutils-mipsel-linux-2.13.1
>
>An error occured like that When I make the kernel:
>
>mipsel-linux-ld -static -G 0 -T arch/mips/ld.script arch/mips/kernel/head.o arch/mips/kernel/init_task.o init/main.o init/version.o \
>        --start-group \
>        arch/mips/kernel/kernel.o arch/mips/mm/mm.o kernel/kernel.o mm/mm.o fs/fs.o ipc/ipc.o arch/mips/math-emu/fpu_emulator.o \
>        drivers/block/block.o drivers/char/char.o drivers/misc/misc.o drivers/net/net.o drivers/media/media.o  drivers/parport/driver.o drivers/usb/usbdrv.o \
>        net/network.o \
>        arch/mips/lib/lib.a /usr/local/0_mips/linux-2.4.3/lib/lib.a arch/mips/mips-boards/sead/sead.o arch/mips/mips-
> boards/generic/mipsboards.o \
>        --end-group \
>        -o vmlinux
>mipsel-linux-ld: target elf32-littlemips not found
>  
>
change elf32-littlemips in arch/mips/ld.script to elf32-tradlittlemips

use mipsel-linux-ld --verbose to show supported OUTPUT_FORMAT of your ld

>make: *** [vmlinux] Error 1
>
>As I change to big endian the problem still exists. Shall I apply some patch?
>
>Thanks for help.
>
>remex
>

(no subject)

[Paulo Miguel Almeida]

linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Bcc: 
Subject: [PATCH v2][next] mips: sgi-ip22: Replace "s[n]?printf" with
 sysfs_emit in sysfs callbacks
Reply-To: 

Replace open-coded pieces with sysfs_emit() helper in sysfs .show()
callbacks.

Signed-off-by: Paulo Miguel Almeida <paulo.miguel.almeida.rodenas@gmail.com>
---
Changelog:
- v2: amend commit message (Req: Maciej W. Rozycki)
- v1: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/Zw2GRQkbx8Z8DlcS@mail.google.com/
---
 arch/mips/sgi-ip22/ip22-gio.c | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/mips/sgi-ip22/ip22-gio.c b/arch/mips/sgi-ip22/ip22-gio.c
index d20eec742bfa..5893ea4e382c 100644
--- a/arch/mips/sgi-ip22/ip22-gio.c
+++ b/arch/mips/sgi-ip22/ip22-gio.c
@@ -165,9 +165,8 @@ static ssize_t modalias_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *a,
 			     char *buf)
 {
 	struct gio_device *gio_dev = to_gio_device(dev);
-	int len = snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "gio:%x\n", gio_dev->id.id);
 
-	return (len >= PAGE_SIZE) ? (PAGE_SIZE - 1) : len;
+	return sysfs_emit(buf, "gio:%x\n", gio_dev->id.id);
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(modalias);
 
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ static ssize_t name_show(struct device *dev,
 	struct gio_device *giodev;
 
 	giodev = to_gio_device(dev);
-	return sprintf(buf, "%s", giodev->name);
+	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", giodev->name);
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(name);
 
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ static ssize_t id_show(struct device *dev,
 	struct gio_device *giodev;
 
 	giodev = to_gio_device(dev);
-	return sprintf(buf, "%x", giodev->id.id);
+	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%x\n", giodev->id.id);
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(id);
 
-- 
2.47.0

Re:

[Paulo Miguel Almeida]

On Thu, Oct 17, 2024 at 10:09:26PM +1300, Paulo Miguel Almeida wrote:
> linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
> Bcc: 
> Subject: [PATCH v2][next] mips: sgi-ip22: Replace "s[n]?printf" with
>  sysfs_emit in sysfs callbacks
> Reply-To: 
> 
> Replace open-coded pieces with sysfs_emit() helper in sysfs .show()
> callbacks.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Paulo Miguel Almeida <paulo.miguel.almeida.rodenas@gmail.com>
> ---
> Changelog:
> - v2: amend commit message (Req: Maciej W. Rozycki)
> - v1: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/Zw2GRQkbx8Z8DlcS@mail.google.com/
> ---
> 

Apologies to you all. Fat finger from my part (and a little of mutt's fault too)

Will submit the patch shortly

- Paulo A.

(no subject)

[Jiaxun Yang]

Subject: [PATCH v6] MIPS: Truncate link address into 32bit for 32bit kernel
In-Reply-To: <20200413062651.3992652-1-jiaxun.yang@flygoat.com>

LLD failed to link vmlinux with 64bit load address for 32bit ELF
while bfd will strip 64bit address into 32bit silently.
To fix LLD build, we should truncate load address provided by platform
into 32bit for 32bit kernel.

Signed-off-by: Jiaxun Yang <jiaxun.yang@flygoat.com>
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/786
Link: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=25784
Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Cc: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@linux-mips.org>
---
V2: Take MaskRay's shell magic.

V3: After spent an hour on dealing with special character issue in
Makefile, I gave up to do shell hacks and write a util in C instead.
Thanks Maciej for pointing out Makefile variable problem.

v4: Finally we managed to find a Makefile method to do it properly
thanks to Kees. As it's too far from the initial version, I removed
Review & Test tag from Nick and Fangrui and Cc instead.

v5: Care vmlinuz as well.

v6: Rename to LIKER_LOAD_ADDRESS 
---
 arch/mips/Makefile                 | 13 ++++++++++++-
 arch/mips/boot/compressed/Makefile |  2 +-
 arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S     |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/mips/Makefile b/arch/mips/Makefile
index e1c44aed8156..68c0f22fefc0 100644
--- a/arch/mips/Makefile
+++ b/arch/mips/Makefile
@@ -288,12 +288,23 @@ ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
   endif
 endif
 
+# When linking a 32-bit executable the LLVM linker cannot cope with a
+# 32-bit load address that has been sign-extended to 64 bits.  Simply
+# remove the upper 32 bits then, as it is safe to do so with other
+# linkers.
+ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
+	load-ld			= $(load-y)
+else
+	load-ld			= $(subst 0xffffffff,0x,$(load-y))
+endif
+
 KBUILD_AFLAGS	+= $(cflags-y)
 KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= $(cflags-y)
-KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -DVMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-y)
+KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -DVMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-y) -DLINKER_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-ld)
 KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -DDATAOFFSET=$(if $(dataoffset-y),$(dataoffset-y),0)
 
 bootvars-y	= VMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-y) \
+		  LINKER_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-ld) \
 		  VMLINUX_ENTRY_ADDRESS=$(entry-y) \
 		  PLATFORM="$(platform-y)" \
 		  ITS_INPUTS="$(its-y)"
diff --git a/arch/mips/boot/compressed/Makefile b/arch/mips/boot/compressed/Makefile
index 0df0ee8a298d..3d391256ab7e 100644
--- a/arch/mips/boot/compressed/Makefile
+++ b/arch/mips/boot/compressed/Makefile
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ ifneq ($(zload-y),)
 VMLINUZ_LOAD_ADDRESS := $(zload-y)
 else
 VMLINUZ_LOAD_ADDRESS = $(shell $(obj)/calc_vmlinuz_load_addr \
-		$(obj)/vmlinux.bin $(VMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS))
+		$(obj)/vmlinux.bin $(LINKER_LOAD_ADDRESS))
 endif
 UIMAGE_LOADADDR = $(VMLINUZ_LOAD_ADDRESS)
 
diff --git a/arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
index a5f00ec73ea6..5226cd8e4bee 100644
--- a/arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ SECTIONS
 	/* . = 0xa800000000300000; */
 	. = 0xffffffff80300000;
 #endif
-	. = VMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS;
+	. = LINKER_LOAD_ADDRESS;
 	/* read-only */
 	_text = .;	/* Text and read-only data */
 	.text : {

Re:

[Nick Desaulniers]

On Tue, May 5, 2020 at 10:52 PM Jiaxun Yang <jiaxun.yang@flygoat.com> wrote:
>
> Subject: [PATCH v6] MIPS: Truncate link address into 32bit for 32bit kernel
> In-Reply-To: <20200413062651.3992652-1-jiaxun.yang@flygoat.com>
>
> LLD failed to link vmlinux with 64bit load address for 32bit ELF
> while bfd will strip 64bit address into 32bit silently.
> To fix LLD build, we should truncate load address provided by platform
> into 32bit for 32bit kernel.
>
> Signed-off-by: Jiaxun Yang <jiaxun.yang@flygoat.com>
> Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/786
> Link: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=25784
> Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com>
> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
> Cc: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@linux-mips.org>

Cool, this revision looks a bit simpler. Thanks for chasing this.
Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>

> ---
> V2: Take MaskRay's shell magic.
>
> V3: After spent an hour on dealing with special character issue in
> Makefile, I gave up to do shell hacks and write a util in C instead.
> Thanks Maciej for pointing out Makefile variable problem.
>
> v4: Finally we managed to find a Makefile method to do it properly
> thanks to Kees. As it's too far from the initial version, I removed
> Review & Test tag from Nick and Fangrui and Cc instead.
>
> v5: Care vmlinuz as well.
>
> v6: Rename to LIKER_LOAD_ADDRESS
> ---
>  arch/mips/Makefile                 | 13 ++++++++++++-
>  arch/mips/boot/compressed/Makefile |  2 +-
>  arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S     |  2 +-
>  3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/mips/Makefile b/arch/mips/Makefile
> index e1c44aed8156..68c0f22fefc0 100644
> --- a/arch/mips/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/mips/Makefile
> @@ -288,12 +288,23 @@ ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
>    endif
>  endif
>
> +# When linking a 32-bit executable the LLVM linker cannot cope with a
> +# 32-bit load address that has been sign-extended to 64 bits.  Simply
> +# remove the upper 32 bits then, as it is safe to do so with other
> +# linkers.
> +ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
> +       load-ld                 = $(load-y)
> +else
> +       load-ld                 = $(subst 0xffffffff,0x,$(load-y))
> +endif
> +
>  KBUILD_AFLAGS  += $(cflags-y)
>  KBUILD_CFLAGS  += $(cflags-y)
> -KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -DVMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-y)
> +KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -DVMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-y) -DLINKER_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-ld)
>  KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -DDATAOFFSET=$(if $(dataoffset-y),$(dataoffset-y),0)
>
>  bootvars-y     = VMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-y) \
> +                 LINKER_LOAD_ADDRESS=$(load-ld) \
>                   VMLINUX_ENTRY_ADDRESS=$(entry-y) \
>                   PLATFORM="$(platform-y)" \
>                   ITS_INPUTS="$(its-y)"
> diff --git a/arch/mips/boot/compressed/Makefile b/arch/mips/boot/compressed/Makefile
> index 0df0ee8a298d..3d391256ab7e 100644
> --- a/arch/mips/boot/compressed/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/mips/boot/compressed/Makefile
> @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ ifneq ($(zload-y),)
>  VMLINUZ_LOAD_ADDRESS := $(zload-y)
>  else
>  VMLINUZ_LOAD_ADDRESS = $(shell $(obj)/calc_vmlinuz_load_addr \
> -               $(obj)/vmlinux.bin $(VMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS))
> +               $(obj)/vmlinux.bin $(LINKER_LOAD_ADDRESS))
>  endif
>  UIMAGE_LOADADDR = $(VMLINUZ_LOAD_ADDRESS)
>
> diff --git a/arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> index a5f00ec73ea6..5226cd8e4bee 100644
> --- a/arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> +++ b/arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ SECTIONS
>         /* . = 0xa800000000300000; */
>         . = 0xffffffff80300000;
>  #endif
> -       . = VMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS;
> +       . = LINKER_LOAD_ADDRESS;
>         /* read-only */
>         _text = .;      /* Text and read-only data */
>         .text : {
>
> --

-- 
Thanks,
~Nick Desaulniers

Re:

[Amos Kalonzo]

Attn:

I am wondering why You haven't respond to my email for some days now.
reference to my client's contract balance payment of (11.7M,USD)
Kindly get back to me for more details.

Best Regards

Amos Kalonzo

Re:

[Amos Kalonzo]

Attn:

I am wondering why You haven't respond to my email for some days now.
reference to my client's contract balance payment of (11.7M,USD)
Kindly get back to me for more details.

Best Regards

Amos Kalonzo

RE:

[Qin's Yanjun]

How are you today and your family? I require your attention and honest
co-operation about some issues which i will really want to discuss with you
which.  Looking forward to read from you soon.  

Qin's


______________________________

Sky Silk, http://aknet.kz

RE:

[Qin's Yanjun]

How are you today and your family? I require your attention and honest
co-operation about some issues which i will really want to discuss with you
which.  Looking forward to read from you soon.  

Qin's


______________________________

Sky Silk, http://aknet.kz

(no subject)

[Jabir M]

Hi,

    I am working on a FPU-less 34k MIPS platform with linux-2.6.24
kernel. After running a Darwin media streaming server on the board
for a while, my oprofile results shows high utilization on
fpu_emulator_cop1Handler() & r4k_wait().

wiki page http://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/Floating_point says gcc will
use hard float as default and soft float is best suited model for a
fpu less processor.  Could anyone kindly help me in understanding use
of -msoft-float .
Whether I need to compile

1. kernel with -msoft-float ? or
2. Glibc ? or
3. Application ? or
4. All the above ?

Thanks in Advance

Jabir

Re:

[Manuel Lauss]

Hi,

On Fri, Jun 11, 2010 at 4:06 PM, Jabir M <Jabir_M@pmc-sierra.com> wrote:
>    I am working on a FPU-less 34k MIPS platform with linux-2.6.24
> kernel. After running a Darwin media streaming server on the board
> for a while, my oprofile results shows high utilization on
> fpu_emulator_cop1Handler() & r4k_wait().
>
> wiki page http://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/Floating_point says gcc will
> use hard float as default and soft float is best suited model for a
> fpu less processor.  Could anyone kindly help me in understanding use
> of -msoft-float .
> Whether I need to compile
>
> 1. kernel with -msoft-float ? or
> 2. Glibc ? or
> 3. Application ? or
> 4. All the above ?

I have fought with this in the past; what you need to do is:
- build gcc with softfloat support (mipsel-softfloat-linux-gnu triplet
for example),
- build a libc with this new compiler,
- then rebuild all libraries and apps with you new softfloat toolchain.

<plug>
I have a working softfloat environment for MIPS32 here at [1], it includes a
complete c/c++ toolchain with gcc-4.4.3.   It's built for mips32r1, no idea if
it is supposed to work with 34k cores.
</plug>

Best regards,
        Manuel Lauss

[1]  http://mlau.at/files/mips32-linux/

Re:

[David Daney]

On 06/11/2010 07:32 AM, Manuel Lauss wrote:
> Hi,
>
> On Fri, Jun 11, 2010 at 4:06 PM, Jabir M<Jabir_M@pmc-sierra.com>  wrote:
>>     I am working on a FPU-less 34k MIPS platform with linux-2.6.24
>> kernel. After running a Darwin media streaming server on the board
>> for a while, my oprofile results shows high utilization on
>> fpu_emulator_cop1Handler()&  r4k_wait().
>>

r4k_wait() is the idle task, so that indicates there is nothing to do at 
those sample points.

>> wiki page http://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/Floating_point says gcc will
>> use hard float as default and soft float is best suited model for a
>> fpu less processor.  Could anyone kindly help me in understanding use
>> of -msoft-float .
>> Whether I need to compile
>>
>> 1. kernel with -msoft-float ? or

The kernel doesn't use floating point.  So it doesn't matter.

>> 2. Glibc ? or
>> 3. Application ? or
>> 4. All the above ?
>

If you don't want to use the kernel's FP emulator, you need 2 and 3.


> I have fought with this in the past; what you need to do is:
> - build gcc with softfloat support (mipsel-softfloat-linux-gnu triplet
> for example),
> - build a libc with this new compiler,
> - then rebuild all libraries and apps with you new softfloat toolchain.
>
> <plug>
> I have a working softfloat environment for MIPS32 here at [1], it includes a
> complete c/c++ toolchain with gcc-4.4.3.   It's built for mips32r1, no idea if
> it is supposed to work with 34k cores.
> </plug>

34k is mips32r2, which will run r1 code with no problem.

>
> Best regards,
>          Manuel Lauss
>
> [1]  http://mlau.at/files/mips32-linux/
>
>

Re:

[Kevin D. Kissell]

David Daney wrote:
> On 06/11/2010 07:32 AM, Manuel Lauss wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>> On Fri, Jun 11, 2010 at 4:06 PM, Jabir M<Jabir_M@pmc-sierra.com>  wrote:
>>>     I am working on a FPU-less 34k MIPS platform with linux-2.6.24
>>> kernel. After running a Darwin media streaming server on the board
>>> for a while, my oprofile results shows high utilization on
>>> fpu_emulator_cop1Handler()&  r4k_wait().
>>>
>
> r4k_wait() is the idle task, so that indicates there is nothing to do 
> at those sample points.
Which suggests that the system is either waiting on I/O data, or 
crunching it using a lot of floating point computation.  Normally, a 
high level of idle would indicate that the system is easily keeping up 
with the data stream, but if you're running the 34K as one of the 
available flavors of virtual SMP, you may be seeing a lot of wait loop 
samples because there's only one runnable thread in the job mix.
>
>
>>> wiki page http://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/Floating_point says gcc will
>>> use hard float as default and soft float is best suited model for a
>>> fpu less processor.  Could anyone kindly help me in understanding use
>>> of -msoft-float .
>>> Whether I need to compile
>>>
>>> 1. kernel with -msoft-float ? or
>
> The kernel doesn't use floating point.  So it doesn't matter.
It makes no sense to build the kernel -msoft-float, but it should be 
noted that there are a couple potential places (e.g. ptrace /proc) where 
the difference in user-mode floating point argument passing ABIs is 
kernel-visible.
>
>
>>> 2. Glibc ? or
>>> 3. Application ? or
>>> 4. All the above ?
>>
>
> If you don't want to use the kernel's FP emulator, you need 2 and 3.
>
>
>> I have fought with this in the past; what you need to do is:
>> - build gcc with softfloat support (mipsel-softfloat-linux-gnu triplet
>> for example),
>> - build a libc with this new compiler,
>> - then rebuild all libraries and apps with you new softfloat toolchain.
Let me be a bit more clear on this.  Because of the ABI difference, you 
need to either rebuild your application as a static binary, with the 
main program and *all* constituent libraries likewise rebuilt with 
softfloat, or, if you absolutely need it to be dynamically linked, you 
need to rebuild the shared libraries and *all* programs that might use 
them, which means essentailly a full userland rebuild.

An optimized, assembly-language soft-float library implementation is 
*much* faster than the kernel emulator, but I benchmarked it once upon a 
time against a portable gnu soft-float library in C, and the difference 
wasn't nearly as dramatic.

          Regards,

          Kevin K.

Re:

[Manuel Lauss]

On Fri, Jun 11, 2010 at 7:33 PM, Kevin D. Kissell <kevink@paralogos.com> wrote:
> An optimized, assembly-language soft-float library implementation is *much*
> faster than the kernel emulator, but I benchmarked it once upon a time
> against a portable gnu soft-float library in C, and the difference wasn't
> nearly as dramatic.

The in-kernel emulator always works.  The float conformance test app Ralf
pointed out a few weeks ago doesn't run correctly when built with a recent
softfloat gcc with any optimization higher than O0 (tested with 4.4.4, 4.3.4).
I'd take correctness over speed any day of the week...

Manuel

(no subject)

[Sathesh Babu Edara]

 

Hi,
   We have ported linux-2.6.12 kernel onto MIPS processor (LX4189) and the
processor speed is 200Mhz.
By default Linux-2.6.12 kernel comes with HZ value 1000.Will this HZ value
cause an overhead on the 200MHZ CPU.Can someone advise me on whether going
back to HZ vaule of 100 like Linux-2.4 will reduce the overhead on this
CPU.What are the side effects this change can cause?.

Regards,
Sathesh 

Re:

[Kevin D. Kissell]

Sathesh Babu Edara wrote:
>  
> 
> Hi,
>    We have ported linux-2.6.12 kernel onto MIPS processor (LX4189) and the
> processor speed is 200Mhz.
> By default Linux-2.6.12 kernel comes with HZ value 1000.Will this HZ value
> cause an overhead on the 200MHZ CPU.Can someone advise me on whether going
> back to HZ vaule of 100 like Linux-2.4 will reduce the overhead on this
> CPU.What are the side effects this change can cause?.

The 1000Hz clock should not actually cause any problems with a 200MHz
CPU, but it will suck up an annoyingly high percentage of available
cycles. Backing off to 100Hz may cause some degradation of some
real-time/interactive response times, but the improved overall
performance will probably more than make up for it.  I never build
with a HZ value greater than 100 these days, but then again, I'm
mostly running on FPGAs and other hardware emulators where the CPU
clock frequencies may be less than 1MHz, and are never more than 33MHz.
Note that a HZ  value of less than 100 may cause some kernel macros
to generate divide-by-zero operations/exceptions.

		Regards,

		Kevin K.

RE:

[Sathesh Babu Edara]

 
Hi,
  Appreciate your response .

  What is the ideal HZ value if the processor speed is 200Mhz?.

Regards,
Sathesh
-----Original Message-----
From: Kevin D. Kissell [mailto:kevink@mips.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, January 04, 2006 6:37 PM
To: Sathesh Babu Edara
Cc: linux-mips-bounce@linux-mips.org; linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Subject: Re: 

Sathesh Babu Edara wrote:
>  
> 
> Hi,
>    We have ported linux-2.6.12 kernel onto MIPS processor (LX4189) and 
> the processor speed is 200Mhz.
> By default Linux-2.6.12 kernel comes with HZ value 1000.Will this HZ 
> value cause an overhead on the 200MHZ CPU.Can someone advise me on 
> whether going back to HZ vaule of 100 like Linux-2.4 will reduce the 
> overhead on this CPU.What are the side effects this change can cause?.

The 1000Hz clock should not actually cause any problems with a 200MHz CPU,
but it will suck up an annoyingly high percentage of available cycles.
Backing off to 100Hz may cause some degradation of some
real-time/interactive response times, but the improved overall performance
will probably more than make up for it.  I never build with a HZ value
greater than 100 these days, but then again, I'm mostly running on FPGAs and
other hardware emulators where the CPU clock frequencies may be less than
1MHz, and are never more than 33MHz.
Note that a HZ  value of less than 100 may cause some kernel macros to
generate divide-by-zero operations/exceptions.

		Regards,

		Kevin K.

RE:

[Sathesh Babu Edara]

 
Hi,
  Appreciate your response .

  What is the ideal HZ value if the processor speed is 200Mhz?.

Regards,
Sathesh
-----Original Message-----
From: Kevin D. Kissell [mailto:kevink@mips.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, January 04, 2006 6:37 PM
To: Sathesh Babu Edara
Cc: linux-mips-bounce@linux-mips.org; linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Subject: Re: 

Sathesh Babu Edara wrote:
>  
> 
> Hi,
>    We have ported linux-2.6.12 kernel onto MIPS processor (LX4189) and 
> the processor speed is 200Mhz.
> By default Linux-2.6.12 kernel comes with HZ value 1000.Will this HZ 
> value cause an overhead on the 200MHZ CPU.Can someone advise me on 
> whether going back to HZ vaule of 100 like Linux-2.4 will reduce the 
> overhead on this CPU.What are the side effects this change can cause?.

The 1000Hz clock should not actually cause any problems with a 200MHz CPU,
but it will suck up an annoyingly high percentage of available cycles.
Backing off to 100Hz may cause some degradation of some
real-time/interactive response times, but the improved overall performance
will probably more than make up for it.  I never build with a HZ value
greater than 100 these days, but then again, I'm mostly running on FPGAs and
other hardware emulators where the CPU clock frequencies may be less than
1MHz, and are never more than 33MHz.
Note that a HZ  value of less than 100 may cause some kernel macros to
generate divide-by-zero operations/exceptions.

		Regards,

		Kevin K.

Re:

[Kevin D. Kissell]

There is no "ideal" value for a given processor frequency.
The lower the value, the less interrupt processing overhead,
but the slower the response time to events that are detected
or serviced during clock interrupts. 1000 HZ *may* be a sensible
value (I have my doubts, personally) for 2+ GHz PC processors, 
but it's excessive (IMHO) for a 200MHz processor and unworkable 
for a 20MHz CPU. I think that 100HZ is still a reasonable value
for an embedded RISC CPU, but the "ideal" value is going to
be a function of the application.

        Regards,

        Kevin K.

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Sathesh Babu Edara" <satheshbabu.edara@analog.com>
To: "'Kevin D. Kissell'" <kevink@mips.com>; <linux-mips-bounce@linux-mips.org>; <linux-mips@linux-mips.org>
Sent: Monday, January 09, 2006 8:43 AM
Subject: RE: 


> 
> Hi,
>   Appreciate your response .
> 
>   What is the ideal HZ value if the processor speed is 200Mhz?.
> 
> Regards,
> Sathesh
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Kevin D. Kissell [mailto:kevink@mips.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, January 04, 2006 6:37 PM
> To: Sathesh Babu Edara
> Cc: linux-mips-bounce@linux-mips.org; linux-mips@linux-mips.org
> Subject: Re: 
> 
> Sathesh Babu Edara wrote:
> >  
> > 
> > Hi,
> >    We have ported linux-2.6.12 kernel onto MIPS processor (LX4189) and 
> > the processor speed is 200Mhz.
> > By default Linux-2.6.12 kernel comes with HZ value 1000.Will this HZ 
> > value cause an overhead on the 200MHZ CPU.Can someone advise me on 
> > whether going back to HZ vaule of 100 like Linux-2.4 will reduce the 
> > overhead on this CPU.What are the side effects this change can cause?.
> 
> The 1000Hz clock should not actually cause any problems with a 200MHz CPU,
> but it will suck up an annoyingly high percentage of available cycles.
> Backing off to 100Hz may cause some degradation of some
> real-time/interactive response times, but the improved overall performance
> will probably more than make up for it.  I never build with a HZ value
> greater than 100 these days, but then again, I'm mostly running on FPGAs and
> other hardware emulators where the CPU clock frequencies may be less than
> 1MHz, and are never more than 33MHz.
> Note that a HZ  value of less than 100 may cause some kernel macros to
> generate divide-by-zero operations/exceptions.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Kevin K.
> 
> 
> 

Re:

[Kevin D. Kissell]

There is no "ideal" value for a given processor frequency.
The lower the value, the less interrupt processing overhead,
but the slower the response time to events that are detected
or serviced during clock interrupts. 1000 HZ *may* be a sensible
value (I have my doubts, personally) for 2+ GHz PC processors, 
but it's excessive (IMHO) for a 200MHz processor and unworkable 
for a 20MHz CPU. I think that 100HZ is still a reasonable value
for an embedded RISC CPU, but the "ideal" value is going to
be a function of the application.

        Regards,

        Kevin K.

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Sathesh Babu Edara" <satheshbabu.edara@analog.com>
To: "'Kevin D. Kissell'" <kevink@mips.com>; <linux-mips-bounce@linux-mips.org>; <linux-mips@linux-mips.org>
Sent: Monday, January 09, 2006 8:43 AM
Subject: RE: 


> 
> Hi,
>   Appreciate your response .
> 
>   What is the ideal HZ value if the processor speed is 200Mhz?.
> 
> Regards,
> Sathesh
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Kevin D. Kissell [mailto:kevink@mips.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, January 04, 2006 6:37 PM
> To: Sathesh Babu Edara
> Cc: linux-mips-bounce@linux-mips.org; linux-mips@linux-mips.org
> Subject: Re: 
> 
> Sathesh Babu Edara wrote:
> >  
> > 
> > Hi,
> >    We have ported linux-2.6.12 kernel onto MIPS processor (LX4189) and 
> > the processor speed is 200Mhz.
> > By default Linux-2.6.12 kernel comes with HZ value 1000.Will this HZ 
> > value cause an overhead on the 200MHZ CPU.Can someone advise me on 
> > whether going back to HZ vaule of 100 like Linux-2.4 will reduce the 
> > overhead on this CPU.What are the side effects this change can cause?.
> 
> The 1000Hz clock should not actually cause any problems with a 200MHz CPU,
> but it will suck up an annoyingly high percentage of available cycles.
> Backing off to 100Hz may cause some degradation of some
> real-time/interactive response times, but the improved overall performance
> will probably more than make up for it.  I never build with a HZ value
> greater than 100 these days, but then again, I'm mostly running on FPGAs and
> other hardware emulators where the CPU clock frequencies may be less than
> 1MHz, and are never more than 33MHz.
> Note that a HZ  value of less than 100 may cause some kernel macros to
> generate divide-by-zero operations/exceptions.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Kevin K.
> 
> 
> 

RE:

[Raj Palani]

A quick and dirty fix is to remove CONFIG_HOTPLUG from your .config.  That function needs to be added to the driver code.

-Raj

> -----Original Message-----
> From: linux-mips-bounce@linux-mips.org
> [mailto:linux-mips-bounce@linux-mips.org]On Behalf Of Bryan Althouse
> Sent: Thursday, April 28, 2005 12:16 PM
> To: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
> Cc: TheNop@gmx.net
> Subject: 
> 
> 
> Hello,
> 
> I would like to use a 2.6.x kernel with my Yosemite/HalfDome board.
> Somehow, I am unable to compile the kernel.  I have tried the 
> 2.6.10 kernel
> trees from ftp.pmc-sierra.com and also the latest 2.6.12 snapshot from
> linux-mips.  I am using the 3.3.x cross compile tools from
> ftp.pmc-sierra.com .  The 2.4.x kernels from PMC compile fine.
> 
> In the case of 2.6.10 from ftp.pmc-sierra.com, my error looks like:
>        Make[3]: *** [drivers/char/agp/backend.o] Error 1
> 
> 	
> In the case of 2.6.12 from linux-mips, my error looks like:
> 	drivers/net/titan_ge.c1950: error: 
> 'titan_device_remove"  undeclared
> here (not in a function)
> 
> My compile process is like so:
> make mrproper
> make xconfig
> make oldconfig
> make ARCH=mips CROSS_COMPILE=/<tool_path>/mips64-linux-gnu-    vmlinux
> 
> Could someone share their .config with me, or make some suggestions?
> 
> Thank you,
> Bryan
> 
> 
> 

(no subject)

[Bryan Althouse]

Hello,

I would like to use a 2.6.x kernel with my Yosemite/HalfDome board.
Somehow, I am unable to compile the kernel.  I have tried the 2.6.10 kernel
trees from ftp.pmc-sierra.com and also the latest 2.6.12 snapshot from
linux-mips.  I am using the 3.3.x cross compile tools from
ftp.pmc-sierra.com .  The 2.4.x kernels from PMC compile fine.

In the case of 2.6.10 from ftp.pmc-sierra.com, my error looks like:
       Make[3]: *** [drivers/char/agp/backend.o] Error 1

	
In the case of 2.6.12 from linux-mips, my error looks like:
	drivers/net/titan_ge.c1950: error: 'titan_device_remove"  undeclared
here (not in a function)

My compile process is like so:
make mrproper
make xconfig
make oldconfig
make ARCH=mips CROSS_COMPILE=/<tool_path>/mips64-linux-gnu-    vmlinux

Could someone share their .config with me, or make some suggestions?

Thank you,
Bryan

Re:

[Alex Gonzalez]

I had no problems compiling the linux-2.6.10 kernel from pmc-sierra's
ftp.

>       Make[3]: *** [drivers/char/agp/backend.o] Error 1

Do you need AGP support? My kernel is configured without it.

Alex

On Thu, 2005-04-28 at 20:15, Bryan Althouse wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> I would like to use a 2.6.x kernel with my Yosemite/HalfDome board.
> Somehow, I am unable to compile the kernel.  I have tried the 2.6.10 kernel
> trees from ftp.pmc-sierra.com and also the latest 2.6.12 snapshot from
> linux-mips.  I am using the 3.3.x cross compile tools from
> ftp.pmc-sierra.com .  The 2.4.x kernels from PMC compile fine.
> 
> In the case of 2.6.10 from ftp.pmc-sierra.com, my error looks like:
>        Make[3]: *** [drivers/char/agp/backend.o] Error 1
> 
> 	
> In the case of 2.6.12 from linux-mips, my error looks like:
> 	drivers/net/titan_ge.c1950: error: 'titan_device_remove"  undeclared
> here (not in a function)
> 
> My compile process is like so:
> make mrproper
> make xconfig
> make oldconfig
> make ARCH=mips CROSS_COMPILE=/<tool_path>/mips64-linux-gnu-    vmlinux
> 
> Could someone share their .config with me, or make some suggestions?
> 
> Thank you,
> Bryan
> 
> 

RE:

[Bryan Althouse]

Thanks for your help.  Yes I do need SMP.  Jason Liu of PMC did a check on
my serial number, and found that I have rev 1.1 silicon.  He says I need rev
1.2 in order to use a 2.6.x kernel.  I have shipped my hardware back to them
for an upgrade.  Hopefully, I'll be back in business in a week or two.

Bryan

-----Original Message-----
From: Alex Gonzalez [mailto:linux-mips@packetvision.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, May 04, 2005 9:56 AM
To: Bryan Althouse
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org; TheNop@gmx.net
Subject: Re:

I had no problems compiling the linux-2.6.10 kernel from pmc-sierra's
ftp.

>       Make[3]: *** [drivers/char/agp/backend.o] Error 1

Do you need AGP support? My kernel is configured without it.

Alex

On Thu, 2005-04-28 at 20:15, Bryan Althouse wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> I would like to use a 2.6.x kernel with my Yosemite/HalfDome board.
> Somehow, I am unable to compile the kernel.  I have tried the 2.6.10
kernel
> trees from ftp.pmc-sierra.com and also the latest 2.6.12 snapshot from
> linux-mips.  I am using the 3.3.x cross compile tools from
> ftp.pmc-sierra.com .  The 2.4.x kernels from PMC compile fine.
> 
> In the case of 2.6.10 from ftp.pmc-sierra.com, my error looks like:
>        Make[3]: *** [drivers/char/agp/backend.o] Error 1
> 
> 	
> In the case of 2.6.12 from linux-mips, my error looks like:
> 	drivers/net/titan_ge.c1950: error: 'titan_device_remove"  undeclared
> here (not in a function)
> 
> My compile process is like so:
> make mrproper
> make xconfig
> make oldconfig
> make ARCH=mips CROSS_COMPILE=/<tool_path>/mips64-linux-gnu-    vmlinux
> 
> Could someone share their .config with me, or make some suggestions?
> 
> Thank you,
> Bryan
> 
> 

RE:

[Bryan Althouse]

Thanks for your help.  Yes I do need SMP.  Jason Liu of PMC did a check on
my serial number, and found that I have rev 1.1 silicon.  He says I need rev
1.2 in order to use a 2.6.x kernel.  I have shipped my hardware back to them
for an upgrade.  Hopefully, I'll be back in business in a week or two.

Bryan

-----Original Message-----
From: Alex Gonzalez [mailto:linux-mips@packetvision.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, May 04, 2005 9:56 AM
To: Bryan Althouse
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org; TheNop@gmx.net
Subject: Re:

I had no problems compiling the linux-2.6.10 kernel from pmc-sierra's
ftp.

>       Make[3]: *** [drivers/char/agp/backend.o] Error 1

Do you need AGP support? My kernel is configured without it.

Alex

On Thu, 2005-04-28 at 20:15, Bryan Althouse wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> I would like to use a 2.6.x kernel with my Yosemite/HalfDome board.
> Somehow, I am unable to compile the kernel.  I have tried the 2.6.10
kernel
> trees from ftp.pmc-sierra.com and also the latest 2.6.12 snapshot from
> linux-mips.  I am using the 3.3.x cross compile tools from
> ftp.pmc-sierra.com .  The 2.4.x kernels from PMC compile fine.
> 
> In the case of 2.6.10 from ftp.pmc-sierra.com, my error looks like:
>        Make[3]: *** [drivers/char/agp/backend.o] Error 1
> 
> 	
> In the case of 2.6.12 from linux-mips, my error looks like:
> 	drivers/net/titan_ge.c1950: error: 'titan_device_remove"  undeclared
> here (not in a function)
> 
> My compile process is like so:
> make mrproper
> make xconfig
> make oldconfig
> make ARCH=mips CROSS_COMPILE=/<tool_path>/mips64-linux-gnu-    vmlinux
> 
> Could someone share their .config with me, or make some suggestions?
> 
> Thank you,
> Bryan
> 
> 

Re:

[Ralf Baechle]

On Wed, May 04, 2005 at 10:22:08AM -0400, Bryan Althouse wrote:

> Thanks for your help.  Yes I do need SMP.  Jason Liu of PMC did a check on
> my serial number, and found that I have rev 1.1 silicon.  He says I need rev
> 1.2 in order to use a 2.6.x kernel.  I have shipped my hardware back to them
> for an upgrade.  Hopefully, I'll be back in business in a week or two.

That is correct.  Earlier revisions didn't implement some functionality
that is crucial to SMP.  Since only PMC and a small number outside parties
have pre-1.2 silicon I agreed with PMC to not try to support earlier
revisions.

  Ralf

Re:

[Ralf Baechle]

On Wed, May 04, 2005 at 02:55:49PM +0100, Alex Gonzalez wrote:

> Do you need AGP support? My kernel is configured without it.

I'm not aware of any AGP bridge for MIPS systems.

  Ralf

RE:

[Bryan Althouse]

Ralf,

Right, there is no AGP.  At first, I was unable to locate the
yosemite_defconfig, so I was running xconfig without a properly defaulted
.config.  I inadvertently left the AGP support enabled.  Now that I am
starting with yosemite_defcofig as a base-line, I have no problems compiling
the kernel.

Thanks,
Bryan

-----Original Message-----
From: Ralf Baechle [mailto:ralf@linux-mips.org] 
Sent: Thursday, May 05, 2005 10:55 AM
To: Alex Gonzalez
Cc: Bryan Althouse; linux-mips@linux-mips.org; TheNop@gmx.net
Subject: Re:

On Wed, May 04, 2005 at 02:55:49PM +0100, Alex Gonzalez wrote:

> Do you need AGP support? My kernel is configured without it.

I'm not aware of any AGP bridge for MIPS systems.

  Ralf

RE:

[Bryan Althouse]

Ralf,

Right, there is no AGP.  At first, I was unable to locate the
yosemite_defconfig, so I was running xconfig without a properly defaulted
.config.  I inadvertently left the AGP support enabled.  Now that I am
starting with yosemite_defcofig as a base-line, I have no problems compiling
the kernel.

Thanks,
Bryan

-----Original Message-----
From: Ralf Baechle [mailto:ralf@linux-mips.org] 
Sent: Thursday, May 05, 2005 10:55 AM
To: Alex Gonzalez
Cc: Bryan Althouse; linux-mips@linux-mips.org; TheNop@gmx.net
Subject: Re:

On Wed, May 04, 2005 at 02:55:49PM +0100, Alex Gonzalez wrote:

> Do you need AGP support? My kernel is configured without it.

I'm not aware of any AGP bridge for MIPS systems.

  Ralf

Re:

[Ralf Baechle]

On Thu, May 05, 2005 at 11:08:39AM -0400, Bryan Althouse wrote:

> Right, there is no AGP.  At first, I was unable to locate the
> yosemite_defconfig, so I was running xconfig without a properly defaulted
> .config.  I inadvertently left the AGP support enabled.  Now that I am
> starting with yosemite_defcofig as a base-line, I have no problems compiling
> the kernel.

Oh, I was pretty sure you'd not have AGP.  However there are a few systems
which need high graphics performance and that's where AGP would make sense,
so while it's not very likely I could see some need for AGP for such
systems and did my posting in the hope somebody would raise his hand in
case there's AGP for MIPS after all ...

  Ralf

Re:

[Geert Uytterhoeven]

On Thu, 5 May 2005, Ralf Baechle wrote:
> On Wed, May 04, 2005 at 02:55:49PM +0100, Alex Gonzalez wrote:
> 
> > Do you need AGP support? My kernel is configured without it.
> 
> I'm not aware of any AGP bridge for MIPS systems.

And you cannot even select it, since it depends on ALPHA || IA64 || PPC || X86.

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,

						Geert

--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- geert@linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
							    -- Linus Torvalds

Re:

[Christoph Hellwig]

On Thu, May 05, 2005 at 03:55:09PM +0100, Ralf Baechle wrote:
> On Wed, May 04, 2005 at 02:55:49PM +0100, Alex Gonzalez wrote:
> 
> > Do you need AGP support? My kernel is configured without it.
> 
> I'm not aware of any AGP bridge for MIPS systems.

The SGI Onyx 4 and Tezro systems have AGP slots, but they a really
running as PCI-X with an odd form factor and there's no AGP GART
(which isn't needed as the systems have a real iommu)

Re:

[Fuxin Zhang]

Probably because -O3 automatically make short functions inline so
local_sb1___flush_cache_all disappears

asm("sb1___flush_cache_all_ipi = local_sb1___flush_cache_all");
^^^^^^^^^I don't know whether this trick is safe for auto-inlining.

as for the problem of adding prefetch to memcpy, I am not famliar with SB1250,
but as of version 2.4.22, arch/mips/lib/memcpy.S already support using MIPS IV 
prefetch


macrohat wrote:

>Dear Fuxin Zhang:
>
>Thinks for your help!
>
>Now i have another question, I use mips-linux-gcc which is ported from gcc-3.2.3 by Broadcom to compile linux kernel,when I use "-O2" or "-Os" option, it can complete successfully, but if i use "-O3" option, it can not complete.Enclosed is the err log and souce code.
>Any help would be really appreciated.
>
>err log:
>
>arch/mips64/mm/mm.o: In function `sb1___flush_cache_all':
>arch/mips64/mm/mm.o(.text+0x1930): undefined reference to `local_sb1___flush_cac
>he_all'
>arch/mips64/mm/mm.o(.text+0x1934): undefined reference to `local_sb1___flush_cac
>he_all'
>make: *** [vmlinux] Error 1
>
>source code:
>
>static void local_sb1___flush_cache_all(void)
>{
>	TRACE_RECORD(TRC_CACHEOP_BASE+5, 0, 0,
>		     read_c0_count());
>
>	__sb1_writeback_inv_dcache_all();
>	__sb1_flush_icache_all();
>}
>
>extern void sb1___flush_cache_all_ipi(void *ignored);
>asm("sb1___flush_cache_all_ipi = local_sb1___flush_cache_all");
>
>static void sb1___flush_cache_all(void)
>{
>	smp_call_function(sb1___flush_cache_all_ipi, 0, 1, 1);
>	local_sb1___flush_cache_all();
>}
>
>	
>Regards!
>
>　　　　　　　　macrohat
>　　　　　　　　emblinux@macrohat.com
>　　　　　　　　　　2004-11-14
>  
>

Re:

[Fuxin Zhang]

macrohat wrote:

>Dear linux-mips:
>
>Thanks!
>
>So,Could I think that BCM1250 is not a type of high performance CPU? as in ARM or Power PC ARCH system,Bogomips is almost equal to CPU clock 
>
Intel P4 has 2X Bogomips than the frequency:)

I think we could not conclude just by this: performance of a CPU is a
complex topic,
its architects may think ALU latency is not important enough for them to
implement
full bypass,instead put their energy on other issues.Nowadays, the
memory hierarchy
performance often dominates.

Of course you can benmark it, for general purpose CPU, SPEC CPU2000 may
be a good choice(www.spec.org)
and there are numerous other free benchmarks too.

>frequency.Is there any way to inprove it with software?
>  
>
The compiler may help a bit by scheduling instructions around.

>	
>
>Regards!
>
>======= 2004-11-13 22:01:00 您在来信中写道：=======
>
>  
>
>>macrohat wrote:
>>
>>    
>>
>>>Hello linux-mips:
>>>
>>>I have a question to ask you: why BCM1250 CPU Bogomips is so much lower than CPU clock frequency,such as:
>>>CPU 700MHz - 465.30 Bogomips, CPU 800MHZ - 532.48 BogoMIPS.And i find out that CPU Bogomips is a fixed value regardless L2 cache open or closed,
>>>
>>> 
>>>
>>>      
>>>
>>This indicates the ALU ops of that CPU have more than one cycle latency.
>>To achieve higher frequency,
>>the pipeline is becoming longer...
>>
>>Bogomips calculation is a short loop which fits well in L1 caches, so L2
>>won't affect the performance.
>>
>>    
>>
>>>Enclosed is the log from the console
>>>
>>>Regards!
>>>				
>>>
>>>　　　　　　　　macrohat
>>>　　　　　　　　emblinux@macrohat.com
>>>　　　　　　　　　　2004-11-13
>>> 
>>>
>>>      
>>>
>
> 
>				 
>　　　　　　　　macrohat
>　　　　　　　　emblinux@macrohat.com
>　　　　　　　　　　2004-11-13
>
>  
>

Re: Re:

[macrohat]

Dear linux-mips:

Thanks!

So,Could I think that BCM1250 is not a type of high performance CPU? as in ARM or Power PC ARCH system,Bogomips is almost equal to CPU clock frequency.Is there any way to inprove it with software?
	

Regards!

======= 2004-11-13 22:01:00 您在来信中写道：=======

>
>
>macrohat wrote:
>
>>Hello linux-mips:
>>
>>I have a question to ask you: why BCM1250 CPU Bogomips is so much lower than CPU clock frequency,such as:
>>CPU 700MHz - 465.30 Bogomips, CPU 800MHZ - 532.48 BogoMIPS.And i find out that CPU Bogomips is a fixed value regardless L2 cache open or closed,
>>
>>  
>>
>This indicates the ALU ops of that CPU have more than one cycle latency.
>To achieve higher frequency,
>the pipeline is becoming longer...
>
>Bogomips calculation is a short loop which fits well in L1 caches, so L2
>won't affect the performance.
>
>>Enclosed is the log from the console
>>
>>Regards!
>> 				
>>
>>　　　　　　　　macrohat
>>　　　　　　　　emblinux@macrohat.com
>>　　　　　　　　　　2004-11-13
>>  
>>

 
				 
　　　　　　　　macrohat
　　　　　　　　emblinux@macrohat.com
　　　　　　　　　　2004-11-13

(no subject)

[xuhaoz]

hi:

	does somebody meet a problem like this?

	static void __init init_mount_tree(void)
	{
		mnt=do_kern_mount("rootfs",0,"rootfs",NULL);
		if(IS_ERR(mnt))
			panic("can't creat rootfs");
	}

	when uclinux run here, it report panic, and i wonder which cause this problem?
	would you please give a hint? any suggestion will appreciated!! 
	thank you !!

Re:

[Fuxin Zhang]

This is probably nothing to do with mips thus not so suitable to appear
here:)

xuhaoz wrote:

>hi:
>
>	does somebody meet a problem like this?
>
>	static void __init init_mount_tree(void)
>	{
>		mnt=do_kern_mount("rootfs",0,"rootfs",NULL);
>		if(IS_ERR(mnt))
>			panic("can't creat rootfs");
>  
>
>	}
>  
>

And I think you should really do a little more before ask for such questions
(I will attach you a copy of the famous "How To Ask Questions The Smart Way"
,hope that helps:)

You can use ctags or some other code reading tools(e.g. source insight) to
dig in the code, it is not hard to find out where are the possible
failing reasons
then you can insert printks to test your thoughts.

Maybe you can use remote debug to trace the code too.

>	when uclinux run here, it report panic, and i wonder which cause this problem?
>	would you please give a hint? any suggestion will appreciated!! 
>	thank you !!
>
>
>
>
>  
>

Re:

[bel racu]

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>From:Arravind babu <aravindforl@yahoo.co.in> | Add to Address Book | >This is spam 	
>To:    	binutils@sources.redhat.com
>Subject:    	Testing File systmes and drivers in linux kernel 2.4.20
>Date:    	Tue, 24 Aug 2004 22:03:47 IST
>Cc:    	linux-mips@linux-mips.org
>           Note:   To help protect your privacy, images from this >message have been blocked.View images | What is this?
>	
>Hi all,
> 
>       We upgraded the linux kernel 2.4.14 to 2.4.20 in our MIPS based >embedded device.So we are planning to test the kernel stability.For >this we have to test
> 
>File systems (RAMdisk , ROMFS , JFFS , CRAMFS) ,
>NAND driver ,
>Ethernet driver.
> 
>Is there any tools available freely to test the above things? Pls tell >me if there are any tools or links todo these tasks?

From 2.4.18 to 2.4.20 there is not much of change in the code for 
Ramdisk .Romfs Jffs and Cramfs... except for  --JFFS2 oops fixing...

See  http://ltp.sourceforge.net/tooltable.php if u find some tools.
But the best way is ti write some simple programs to do ur own test,,
and then make that code Open.

> 
>Thanks in advance,
>Aravind.

(no subject)

[Lyle Bainbridge]

Hi,

I am porting the linux-mips 2.4.22 kernel to a custom Au1500 board and I
am seeing strange output when the kernel starts.  Some lines feed ok,
but some don't, and in that case the error level is displayed (ie, <4>).
Also numerous characters are dropped. 

Does anybody have any clue about what might be happening?  See kernel
output below.

Thanks,
Lyle

CPU revision is: 01030200<4>Primary instruction cache 16kB, physically
tagged, 4
-way, linesize 32 bytes.<4>Primary data cache 16kB 4-way, linesize 32
bytes.
Linux version 2.4.22 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 3.3.1) #9
Fri Oct
 31 18:57:53 CST 2003<4>Determined physical RAM map:<4> memory:
0(usable)
On node zone(0): 8192 pages..e4>zone1o): 0 pages.
ss
zone(2): 0 pages.
Kernel command line:  panic=2 ethaddr=00:30:23:50:00:00 root=/dev/hda2
console=t
tyS0,115200
 0ST 2003<4>calculating r4koff... 00493e00(4800000)
CPU frequency 480.00 MHz
set_au1x00_lcd_clock: warning: LCD clock too high (60000
KHz)<4>Calibrating dela
y loop... 478.41 BogoMIPS
Memory:8r9804k/32768k available (1257k kernel code, 2964k reserved, 84k
data, 76
k init, 0k highmem)<6>Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3,
32768 byt
es)
Inode cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Buffer cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)<4>Checking
for 'wait
' instruction... unavailable.
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
Autoconfig PCI channel 0x80267b18
X1Scanning bus 00, I/O 0x00000300:0x00100000, Mem 0x40000000:0x50000000
 04k data, 76k init, 0k highmem)
00:0c.0 Class 0104: 1103:0007 (rev 01)
        I/O at 0x00000300 [size=0x8]
        I/O at 0x00000308 [size=0x4]
        I/O at 0x00000310 [size=0x8]
        I/O at 0x00000318 [size=0x4]
        I/O at 0x00000400 [size=0x100]
Non-coherent PCI accesses enabled<6>Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4<6>Based
upon Swan
sea University Computer Society NET3.039
Initializing RT netlink socket
Starting kswapda6>Journalled Block Device driver loaded
pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured<6>Serial driver version 1.01
(2001-02-08) with n
o serial options enabled
 eata, 76k init, 0k highmem)<6>ttyS00 at 0xb1100000 (irq = 0) is a 16550
ttyS01 at 0xb1200000 (irq = 1) is a 16550<6>ttyS02 at 0xb1300000 (irq =
2) is a
16550
ttyS03 at 0xb1400000 (irq = 3) is a 1655056>loop: loaded (max 8 devices)
)(is a 16550<4>au1000eth.c:1.4 ppopov@mvista.com
eth0: Au1x Ethernet found at 0xb1500000, irq 28<4>ethaddr not set in
boot prom<6
>eth0: Broadcom BCM5222 10/100 BaseT PHY at phy address 3<6>eth0: Using
Broadcom
 BCM5222 10/100 BaseT PHY as default<6>Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE
driver Revis
ion: 7.00beta4-2.4
ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with
idebus=xx<6>HP
T371: IDE controller at PCI slot 07:0c.0<6>HPT371: chipset revision
1<6>HPT371:
not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
HPT37X: using 33MHz PCI clock<6>    ide0: BM-DMA at 0x0408-0x040, BIOS
settings:
 hd:pio, hd:pio
HPT371: port 0x0310 already claimed by ide0
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0<6>IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
6>IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
verride with idebus=xx=6>TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048
bind 4096
)

Re:

[Pete Popov]

Lyle,

>  0ST 2003<4>calculating r4koff... 00493e00(4800000)
> CPU frequency 480.00 MHz


This doesn't look right. Please do another pull of the linux-mips tree.
A few days ago I fixed a masking problem (0x7f vs 0x3f) that resulted in
a bogus CPU frequency reading. The serial baud rate value is calculated
based on the CPU frequency so if the CPU frequency we calculate is
wrong, the uart baud rate will be off too. 

Do a cvs update and if that doesn't fix the problem, let me know.

Pete

> set_au1x00_lcd_clock: warning: LCD clock too high (60000
> KHz)<4>Calibrating dela
> y loop... 478.41 BogoMIPS
> Memory:8r9804k/32768k available (1257k kernel code, 2964k reserved, 84k
> data, 76
> k init, 0k highmem)<6>Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3,
> 32768 byt
> es)
> Inode cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
> Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
> Buffer cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
> Page-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)<4>Checking
> for 'wait
> ' instruction... unavailable.
> POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
> Autoconfig PCI channel 0x80267b18
> X1Scanning bus 00, I/O 0x00000300:0x00100000, Mem 0x40000000:0x50000000
>  04k data, 76k init, 0k highmem)
> 00:0c.0 Class 0104: 1103:0007 (rev 01)
>         I/O at 0x00000300 [size=0x8]
>         I/O at 0x00000308 [size=0x4]
>         I/O at 0x00000310 [size=0x8]
>         I/O at 0x00000318 [size=0x4]
>         I/O at 0x00000400 [size=0x100]
> Non-coherent PCI accesses enabled<6>Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4<6>Based
> upon Swan
> sea University Computer Society NET3.039
> Initializing RT netlink socket
> Starting kswapda6>Journalled Block Device driver loaded
> pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured<6>Serial driver version 1.01
> (2001-02-08) with n
> o serial options enabled
>  eata, 76k init, 0k highmem)<6>ttyS00 at 0xb1100000 (irq = 0) is a 16550
> ttyS01 at 0xb1200000 (irq = 1) is a 16550<6>ttyS02 at 0xb1300000 (irq =
> 2) is a
> 16550
> ttyS03 at 0xb1400000 (irq = 3) is a 1655056>loop: loaded (max 8 devices)
> )(is a 16550<4>au1000eth.c:1.4 ppopov@mvista.com
> eth0: Au1x Ethernet found at 0xb1500000, irq 28<4>ethaddr not set in
> boot prom<6
> >eth0: Broadcom BCM5222 10/100 BaseT PHY at phy address 3<6>eth0: Using
> Broadcom
>  BCM5222 10/100 BaseT PHY as default<6>Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE
> driver Revis
> ion: 7.00beta4-2.4
> ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with
> idebus=xx<6>HP
> T371: IDE controller at PCI slot 07:0c.0<6>HPT371: chipset revision
> 1<6>HPT371:
> not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
> HPT37X: using 33MHz PCI clock<6>    ide0: BM-DMA at 0x0408-0x040, BIOS
> settings:
>  hd:pio, hd:pio
> HPT371: port 0x0310 already claimed by ide0
> NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0<6>IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
> 6>IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
> verride with idebus=xx=6>TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048
> bind 4096
> )
> 
> 
>