* [PATCH v2 0/3] module: Fix freeing of charp module parameters when CONFIG_SYSFS=n
From: Petr Pavlu @ 2026-03-13 13:48 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Luis Chamberlain, Petr Pavlu, Daniel Gomez, Sami Tolvanen
Cc: Christophe Leroy, Aaron Tomlin, Greg Kroah-Hartman,
Rafael J. Wysocki, Danilo Krummrich, linux-modules, linux-kernel
Fix freeing of charp module parameters when CONFIG_SYSFS=n and, related to
this, update moduleparam.h to keep its coding style consistent.
Changes since v1 [1]:
* Remove the extern keyword from the declaration of module_destroy_params()
and update the type of its num parameter from `unsigned` to
`unsigned int`.
* Add a cleanup patch for parse_args() to similarly update its num
parameter to `unsigned int` and to synchronize the parameter names
between its prototype and definition.
* Add a cleanup patch to drop the unnecessary extern keyword for all
function declarations in moduleparam.h.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-modules/20260306125457.1377402-1-petr.pavlu@suse.com/
Petr Pavlu (3):
module: Fix freeing of charp module parameters when CONFIG_SYSFS=n
module: Clean up parse_args() arguments
module: Remove extern keyword from param prototypes
include/linux/moduleparam.h | 100 +++++++++++++++++-------------------
kernel/module/main.c | 4 +-
kernel/params.c | 29 +++++++----
3 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)
base-commit: 0257f64bdac7fdca30fa3cae0df8b9ecbec7733a
--
2.53.0
^ permalink raw reply
* [PATCH v11 22/65] dyndbg-API: replace DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP
From: Jim Cromie @ 2026-03-13 13:19 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: airlied, simona, jbaron, gregkh, Arnd Bergmann, Jim Cromie,
Luis Chamberlain, Petr Pavlu, Daniel Gomez, Sami Tolvanen,
Aaron Tomlin, Andrew Morton, linux-kernel, linux-arch,
linux-modules
Cc: mripard, tzimmermann, maarten.lankhorst, jani.nikula,
ville.syrjala, christian.koenig, matthew.auld,
arunpravin.paneerselvam, louis.chauvet, skhan, pmladek, ukaszb,
dri-devel, intel-gfx, amd-gfx, linux-doc
In-Reply-To: <20260313132103.2529746-1-jim.cromie@gmail.com>
commit aad0214f3026 ("dyndbg: add DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP macro")
DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP() has a design error; its usage fails a
basic K&R rule: "define once, refer many times".
When CONFIG_DRM_USE_DYNAMIC_DEBUG=y, it is used across DRM core &
drivers; each invocation allocates/inits the classmap understood by
that module. They *all* must match for the DRM modules to respond
consistently when drm.debug categories are enabled. This is at least
a maintenance hassle.
Worse, its the root-cause of the CONFIG_DRM_USE_DYNAMIC_DEBUG=Y
regression; its use in both core & drivers obfuscates the 2 roles,
muddling the design, yielding an incomplete initialization when
modprobing drivers:
1st drm.ko loads, and dyndbg initializes its drm.debug callsites, then
a drm-driver loads, but too late for the drm.debug enablement.
And that gave us:
commit bb2ff6c27bc9 ("drm: Disable dynamic debug as broken")
So retire it, replace with 2 macros:
DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_DEFINE - invoked once from core - drm.ko
DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE - from all drm drivers and helpers.
NB: name-space de-noise
DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_DEFINE: this reworks DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP,
basically by dropping the static qualifier on the classmap, and
exporting it instead.
DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE: then refers to the exported var by name:
used from drivers, helper-mods
lets us drop the repetitive "classname" declarations
fixes 2nd-defn problem
creates a ddebug_class_user record in new __dyndbg_class_users section
new section is scanned "differently"
DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP is preserved temporarily, to decouple DRM
adaptation work and avoid compile-errs before its done.
The DEFINE,USE distinction, and the separate classmap-use record,
allows dyndbg to initialize the driver's & helper's drm.debug
callsites separately after each is modprobed.
Basically, the classmap initial scan is repeated for classmap-users.
dyndbg's existing __dyndbg_classes[] section does:
. catalogs the module's classmaps
. tells dyndbg about them, allowing >control
. DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_DEFINE creates section records.
. we rename it to: __dyndbg_class_maps[]
this patch adds __dyndbg_class_users[] section:
. catalogs users of classmap definitions from elsewhere
. authorizes dyndbg to >control user's class'd prdbgs
. DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE() creates section records.
Now ddebug_add_module(etal) can handle classmap-uses similar to (and
after) classmaps; when a dependent module is loaded, if it has
classmap-uses (to a classmap-def in another module), that module's
kernel params are scanned to find if it has a kparam that is wired to
dyndbg's param-ops, and whose classmap is the one being ref'd.
To support this, theres a few data/header changes:
new struct ddebug_class_user
contains: user-module-name, &classmap-defn
it records drm-driver's use of a classmap in the section, allowing lookup
struct ddebug_info gets 2 new fields for the new sections:
class_users, num_class_users.
set by dynamic_debug_init() for builtins.
or by kernel/module/main:load_info() for loadable modules.
vmlinux.lds.h: Add new BOUNDED_SECTION for __dyndbg_class_users. this
creates start,len C symbol-names for the section.
TLDR ?
dynamic_debug.c: 2 changes from ddebug_add_module() & ddebug_change():
ddebug_add_module():
ddebug_attach_module_classes() is reworked/renamed/split into
debug_apply_class_maps(), ddebug_apply_class_users(), which both call
ddebug_apply_params().
ddebug_apply_params(new fn):
It scans module's/builtin kernel-params, calls ddebug_match_apply_kparam
for each to find any params/sysfs-nodes which may be wired to a classmap.
ddebug_match_apply_kparam(new fn):
1st, it tests the kernel-param.ops is dyndbg's; this guarantees that
the attached arg is a struct ddebug_class_param, which has a ref to
the param's state, and to the classmap defining the param's handling.
2nd, it requires that the classmap ref'd by the kparam is the one
we've been called for; modules can use many separate classmaps (as
test_dynamic_debug does).
Then apply the "parent" kparam's setting to the dependent module,
using ddebug_apply_class_bitmap().
ddebug_change(and callees) also gets adjustments:
ddebug_find_valid_class(): This does a search over the module's
classmaps, looking for the class FOO echo'd to >control. So now it
searches over __dyndbg_class_users[] after __dyndbg_classes[].
ddebug_class_name(): return class-names for defined OR used classes.
test_dynamic_debug.c, test_dynamic_debug_submod.c:
This demonstrates the 2 types of classmaps & sysfs-params, following
the 4-part recipe:
0. define an enum for the classmap's class_ids
drm.debug gives us DRM_UT_<*> (aka <T>)
multiple classmaps in a module(s) must share 0-62 classid space.
1. DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_DEFINE(classmap_name, .. "<T>")
names the classes, maps them to consecutive class-ids.
convention here is stringified ENUM_SYMBOLS
these become API/ABI if 2 is done.
2. DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_PARAM* (classmap_name)
adds a controlling kparam to the class
3. DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE(classmap_name)
for subsystem/group/drivers to use extern created by 1.
Move all the enum declarations together, to better explain how they
share the 0..62 class-id space available to a module (non-overlapping
subranges).
reorg macros 2,3 by name. This gives a tabular format, making it easy
to see the pattern of repetition, and the points of change.
And extend the test to replicate the 2-module (parent & dependent)
scenario which caused the CONFIG_DRM_USE_DYNAMIC_DEBUG=y regression
seen in drm & drivers.
The _submod.c is a 2-line file: #define _SUBMOD, #include parent.
This gives identical complements of prdbgs in parent & _submod, and
thus identical print behavior when all of: >control, >params, and
parent->_submod propagation are working correctly.
It also puts all the parent/_submod declarations together in the same
source; the new ifdef _SUBMOD block invokes DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE
for the 2 test-interfaces. I think this is clearer.
These 2 modules are both tristate, allowing 3 super/sub combos: Y/Y,
Y/M, M/M (not N/Y, since this is disallowed by dependence).
Y/Y, Y/M testing once exposed a missing __align(8) in the _METADATA
macro, which M/M didn't see, probably because the module-loader memory
placement constrained it from misalignment.
Fixes: aad0214f3026 ("dyndbg: add DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP macro")
cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
---
replace di with &dt->info, since di becomes stale
fix dd_mark_vector_subrange macro param ordering to match kdoc
s/base/offset/ in _ddebug_class_user, to reduce later churn
---
MAINTAINERS | 2 +-
include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 1 +
include/linux/dynamic_debug.h | 138 +++++++++++++++++++++---
kernel/module/main.c | 3 +
lib/Kconfig.debug | 24 ++++-
lib/Makefile | 5 +
lib/dynamic_debug.c | 172 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
lib/test_dynamic_debug.c | 132 ++++++++++++++++-------
lib/test_dynamic_debug_submod.c | 14 +++
9 files changed, 412 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 lib/test_dynamic_debug_submod.c
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index af1d3f246962..67da16e209c5 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -9046,7 +9046,7 @@ M: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
S: Maintained
F: include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
F: lib/dynamic_debug.c
-F: lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
+F: lib/test_dynamic_debug*.c
F: tools/testing/selftests/dynamic_debug/*
DYNAMIC INTERRUPT MODERATION
diff --git a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
index 62fc2b0e8d1c..c29bf967ad03 100644
--- a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
@@ -387,6 +387,7 @@
. = ALIGN(8); \
BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__dyndbg_descriptors, ___dyndbg_descs) \
BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__dyndbg_class_maps, ___dyndbg_class_maps) \
+ BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__dyndbg_class_users, ___dyndbg_class_users) \
CODETAG_SECTIONS() \
LIKELY_PROFILE() \
BRANCH_PROFILE() \
diff --git a/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h b/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
index 80160028461a..74ed18a038bd 100644
--- a/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
+++ b/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
@@ -72,8 +72,11 @@ enum ddebug_class_map_type {
*/
};
+/*
+ * map @class_names 0..N to consecutive constants starting at @base.
+ */
struct _ddebug_class_map {
- struct module *mod; /* NULL for builtins */
+ const struct module *mod; /* NULL for builtins */
const char *mod_name;
const char **class_names;
const int length;
@@ -81,10 +84,18 @@ struct _ddebug_class_map {
enum ddebug_class_map_type map_type;
};
+struct _ddebug_class_user {
+ char *mod_name;
+ struct _ddebug_class_map *map;
+ const int offset; /* user offset to re-number the used map */
+};
+
/*
- * @_ddebug_info: gathers module/builtin dyndbg_* __sections together.
+ * @_ddebug_info: gathers module/builtin __dyndbg_<T> __sections
+ * together, each is a vec_<T>: a struct { struct T start[], int len }.
+ *
* For builtins, it is used as a cursor, with the inner structs
- * marking sub-vectors of the builtin __sections in DATA.
+ * marking sub-vectors of the builtin __sections in DATA_DATA
*/
struct _ddebug_descs {
struct _ddebug *start;
@@ -96,10 +107,16 @@ struct _ddebug_class_maps {
int len;
};
+struct _ddebug_class_users {
+ struct _ddebug_class_user *start;
+ int len;
+};
+
struct _ddebug_info {
const char *mod_name;
struct _ddebug_descs descs;
struct _ddebug_class_maps maps;
+ struct _ddebug_class_users users;
};
struct _ddebug_class_param {
@@ -118,12 +135,81 @@ struct _ddebug_class_param {
#if defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG) || \
(defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CORE) && defined(DYNAMIC_DEBUG_MODULE))
+/*
+ * dyndbg classmaps is modelled closely upon drm.debug:
+ *
+ * 1. run-time control via sysfs node (api/abi)
+ * 2. each bit 0..N controls a single "category"
+ * 3. a pr_debug can have only 1 category, not several.
+ * 4. "kind" is a compile-time constant: 0..N or BIT() thereof
+ * 5. macro impls - give compile-time resolution or fail.
+ *
+ * dyndbg classmaps design axioms/constraints:
+ *
+ * . optimizing compilers use 1-5 above, so preserve them.
+ * . classmaps.class_id *is* the category.
+ * . classmap definers/users are modules.
+ * . every user wants 0..N
+ * . 0..N exposes as ABI
+ * . no 1 use-case wants N > 32, 16 is more usable
+ * . N <= 64 in *all* cases
+ * . modules/subsystems make category/classmap decisions
+ * . ie an enum: DRM has DRM_UT_CORE..DRM_UT_DRMRES
+ * . some categories are exposed to user: ABI
+ * . making modules change their numbering is bogus, avoid if possible
+ *
+ * We can solve for all these at once:
+ * A: map class-names to a .class_id range at compile-time
+ * B: allow only "class NAME" changes to class'd callsites at run-time
+ * C: users/modules must manage 0..62 hardcoded .class_id range limit.
+ * D: existing pr_debugs get CLASS_DFLT=63
+ *
+ * By mapping class-names at >control to class-ids underneath, and
+ * responding only to class-names DEFINEd or USEd by the module, we
+ * can private-ize the class-id, and adjust class'd pr_debugs only by
+ * their names.
+ *
+ * This give us:
+ * E: class_ids without classnames are unreachable
+ * F: user modules opt-in by DEFINEing a classmap and/or USEing another
+ *
+ * Multi-classmap modules/groups are supported, if the classmaps share
+ * the class_id space [0..62] without overlap/conflict.
+ *
+ * NOTE: Due to the integer class_id, this api cannot disallow these:
+ * __pr_debug_cls(0, "fake CORE msg"); works only if a classmap maps 0.
+ * __pr_debug_cls(22, "no such class"); compiles but is not reachable
+ */
+
/**
- * DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP - declare classnames known by a module
- * @_var: a struct ddebug_class_map, passed to module_param_cb
- * @_type: enum class_map_type, chooses bits/verbose, numeric/symbolic
- * @_base: offset of 1st class-name. splits .class_id space
- * @classes: class-names used to control class'd prdbgs
+ * DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_DEFINE - define debug classes used by a module.
+ * @_var: name of the classmap, exported for other modules coordinated use.
+ * @_mapty: enum ddebug_class_map_type: 0:DISJOINT - independent, 1:LEVEL - v2>v1
+ * @_base: reserve N classids starting at _base, to split 0..62 classid space
+ * @classes: names of the N classes.
+ *
+ * This tells dyndbg what class_ids the module is using: _base..+N, by
+ * mapping names onto them. This qualifies "class NAME" >controls on
+ * the defining module, ignoring unknown names.
+ */
+#define DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_DEFINE(_var, _mapty, _base, ...) \
+ static const char *_var##_classnames[] = { __VA_ARGS__ }; \
+ extern struct _ddebug_class_map _var; \
+ struct _ddebug_class_map __aligned(8) __used \
+ __section("__dyndbg_class_maps") _var = { \
+ .mod = THIS_MODULE, \
+ .mod_name = KBUILD_MODNAME, \
+ .base = (_base), \
+ .map_type = (_mapty), \
+ .length = ARRAY_SIZE(_var##_classnames), \
+ .class_names = _var##_classnames, \
+ }; \
+ EXPORT_SYMBOL(_var)
+
+/*
+ * XXX: keep this until DRM adapts to use the DEFINE/USE api, it
+ * differs from DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_DEFINE by the lack of the
+ * extern/EXPORT on the struct init, and cascading thinkos.
*/
#define DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP(_var, _maptype, _base, ...) \
static const char *_var##_classnames[] = { __VA_ARGS__ }; \
@@ -137,6 +223,25 @@ struct _ddebug_class_param {
.class_names = _var##_classnames, \
}
+/**
+ * DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE - refer to a classmap, DEFINEd elsewhere.
+ * @_var: name of the exported classmap var
+ *
+ * This tells dyndbg that the module has prdbgs with classids defined
+ * in the named classmap. This qualifies "class NAME" >controls on
+ * the user module, and ignores unknown names.
+ */
+#define DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE(_var) \
+ DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE_(_var, 0, __UNIQUE_ID(_ddebug_class_user))
+#define DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE_(_var, _offset, _uname) \
+ extern struct _ddebug_class_map _var; \
+ static struct _ddebug_class_user __aligned(8) __used \
+ __section("__dyndbg_class_users") _uname = { \
+ .mod_name = KBUILD_MODNAME, \
+ .map = &(_var), \
+ .offset = _offset \
+ }
+
extern __printf(2, 3)
void __dynamic_pr_debug(struct _ddebug *descriptor, const char *fmt, ...);
@@ -298,12 +403,18 @@ void __dynamic_ibdev_dbg(struct _ddebug *descriptor,
KERN_DEBUG, prefix_str, prefix_type, \
rowsize, groupsize, buf, len, ascii)
-/* for test only, generally expect drm.debug style macro wrappers */
-#define __pr_debug_cls(cls, fmt, ...) do { \
+/*
+ * This is the "model" class variant of pr_debug. It is not really
+ * intended for direct use; I'd encourage DRM-style drm_dbg_<T>
+ * macros for the interface, along with an enum for the <T>
+ *
+ * __printf(2, 3) would apply.
+ */
+#define __pr_debug_cls(cls, fmt, ...) ({ \
BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(!__builtin_constant_p(cls), \
"expecting constant class int/enum"); \
dynamic_pr_debug_cls(cls, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
- } while (0)
+})
#else /* !(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG || (CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CORE && DYNAMIC_DEBUG_MODULE)) */
@@ -311,6 +422,8 @@ void __dynamic_ibdev_dbg(struct _ddebug *descriptor,
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/printk.h>
+#define DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_DEFINE(_var, _mapty, _base, ...)
+#define DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE(_var)
#define DEFINE_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_METADATA(name, fmt)
#define DYNAMIC_DEBUG_BRANCH(descriptor) false
#define DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP(...)
@@ -357,8 +470,7 @@ static inline int param_set_dyndbg_classes(const char *instr, const struct kerne
static inline int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
{ return 0; }
-#endif
-
+#endif /* !CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CORE */
extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_dyndbg_classes;
diff --git a/kernel/module/main.c b/kernel/module/main.c
index 49f7b12c9776..bfff5b849966 100644
--- a/kernel/module/main.c
+++ b/kernel/module/main.c
@@ -2716,6 +2716,9 @@ static int find_module_sections(struct module *mod, struct load_info *info)
mod->dyndbg_info.maps.start = section_objs(info, "__dyndbg_class_maps",
sizeof(*mod->dyndbg_info.maps.start),
&mod->dyndbg_info.maps.len);
+ mod->dyndbg_info.users.start = section_objs(info, "__dyndbg_class_users",
+ sizeof(*mod->dyndbg_info.users.start),
+ &mod->dyndbg_info.users.len);
#endif
return 0;
diff --git a/lib/Kconfig.debug b/lib/Kconfig.debug
index 93f356d2b3d9..302bb2656682 100644
--- a/lib/Kconfig.debug
+++ b/lib/Kconfig.debug
@@ -3106,12 +3106,26 @@ config TEST_STATIC_KEYS
If unsure, say N.
config TEST_DYNAMIC_DEBUG
- tristate "Test DYNAMIC_DEBUG"
- depends on DYNAMIC_DEBUG
+ tristate "Build test-dynamic-debug module"
+ depends on DYNAMIC_DEBUG || DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CORE
help
- This module registers a tracer callback to count enabled
- pr_debugs in a 'do_debugging' function, then alters their
- enablements, calls the function, and compares counts.
+ This module exercises/demonstrates dyndbg's classmap API, by
+ creating 2 classes: a DISJOINT classmap (supporting DRM.debug)
+ and a LEVELS/VERBOSE classmap (like verbose2 > verbose1).
+
+ If unsure, say N.
+
+config TEST_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_SUBMOD
+ tristate "Build test-dynamic-debug submodule"
+ default m
+ depends on DYNAMIC_DEBUG || DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CORE
+ depends on TEST_DYNAMIC_DEBUG
+ help
+ This sub-module uses a classmap defined and exported by the
+ parent module, recapitulating drm & driver's shared use of
+ drm.debug to control enabled debug-categories.
+ It is tristate, independent of parent, to allow testing all
+ proper combinations of parent=y/m submod=y/m.
If unsure, say N.
diff --git a/lib/Makefile b/lib/Makefile
index 1b9ee167517f..19ab40903436 100644
--- a/lib/Makefile
+++ b/lib/Makefile
@@ -83,6 +83,9 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_RHASHTABLE) += test_rhashtable.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_STATIC_KEYS) += test_static_keys.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_STATIC_KEYS) += test_static_key_base.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_DYNAMIC_DEBUG) += test_dynamic_debug.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_SUBMOD) += test_dynamic_debug_submod.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_PRINTF) += test_printf.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_SCANF) += test_scanf.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_BITMAP) += test_bitmap.o
ifeq ($(CONFIG_CC_IS_CLANG)$(CONFIG_KASAN),yy)
@@ -206,6 +209,8 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_NEED_CMPXCHG_1_EMU) += cmpxchg-emu.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CORE) += dynamic_debug.o
#ensure exported functions have prototypes
CFLAGS_dynamic_debug.o := -DDYNAMIC_DEBUG_MODULE
+CFLAGS_test_dynamic_debug.o := -DDYNAMIC_DEBUG_MODULE
+CFLAGS_test_dynamic_debug_submod.o := -DDYNAMIC_DEBUG_MODULE
obj-$(CONFIG_SYMBOLIC_ERRNAME) += errname.o
diff --git a/lib/dynamic_debug.c b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
index e8ffc2b5b330..66f4bfe39e89 100644
--- a/lib/dynamic_debug.c
+++ b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
#include <linux/string_helpers.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/dynamic_debug.h>
+
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/jump_label.h>
@@ -43,6 +44,8 @@ extern struct _ddebug __start___dyndbg_descs[];
extern struct _ddebug __stop___dyndbg_descs[];
extern struct _ddebug_class_map __start___dyndbg_class_maps[];
extern struct _ddebug_class_map __stop___dyndbg_class_maps[];
+extern struct _ddebug_class_user __start___dyndbg_class_users[];
+extern struct _ddebug_class_user __stop___dyndbg_class_users[];
struct ddebug_table {
struct list_head link;
@@ -168,20 +171,37 @@ static void vpr_info_dq(const struct ddebug_query *query, const char *msg)
query->first_lineno, query->last_lineno, query->class_string);
}
-static struct _ddebug_class_map *ddebug_find_valid_class(struct ddebug_table const *dt,
- const char *class_string,
- int *class_id)
+#define vpr_di_info(di_p, msg_p, ...) ({ \
+ struct _ddebug_info const *_di = di_p; \
+ v2pr_info(msg_p "module:%s nd:%d nc:%d nu:%d\n", ##__VA_ARGS__, \
+ _di->mod_name, _di->descs.len, _di->maps.len, \
+ _di->users.len); \
+ })
+
+static struct _ddebug_class_map *
+ddebug_find_valid_class(struct _ddebug_info const *di, const char *query_class, int *class_id)
{
struct _ddebug_class_map *map;
+ struct _ddebug_class_user *cli;
int i, idx;
- for_subvec(i, map, &dt->info, maps) {
- idx = match_string(map->class_names, map->length, class_string);
+ for_subvec(i, map, di, maps) {
+ idx = match_string(map->class_names, map->length, query_class);
if (idx >= 0) {
+ vpr_di_info(di, "good-class: %s.%s ", map->mod_name, query_class);
*class_id = idx + map->base;
return map;
}
}
+ for_subvec(i, cli, di, users) {
+ idx = match_string(cli->map->class_names, cli->map->length, query_class);
+ if (idx >= 0) {
+ vpr_di_info(di, "class-ref: %s -> %s.%s ",
+ cli->mod_name, cli->map->mod_name, query_class);
+ *class_id = idx + cli->map->base;
+ return cli->map;
+ }
+ }
*class_id = -ENOENT;
return NULL;
}
@@ -238,8 +258,7 @@ static bool ddebug_match_desc(const struct ddebug_query *query,
return true;
}
-static int ddebug_change(const struct ddebug_query *query,
- struct flag_settings *modifiers)
+static int ddebug_change(const struct ddebug_query *query, struct flag_settings *modifiers)
{
int i;
struct ddebug_table *dt;
@@ -260,7 +279,8 @@ static int ddebug_change(const struct ddebug_query *query,
continue;
if (query->class_string) {
- map = ddebug_find_valid_class(dt, query->class_string, &valid_class);
+ map = ddebug_find_valid_class(&dt->info, query->class_string,
+ &valid_class);
if (!map)
continue;
} else {
@@ -590,7 +610,7 @@ static int ddebug_exec_query(char *query_string, const char *modname)
/* handle multiple queries in query string, continue on error, return
last error or number of matching callsites. Module name is either
- in param (for boot arg) or perhaps in query string.
+ in the modname arg (for boot args) or perhaps in query string.
*/
static int ddebug_exec_queries(char *query, const char *modname)
{
@@ -721,7 +741,7 @@ static int param_set_dyndbg_module_classes(const char *instr,
/**
* param_set_dyndbg_classes - classmap kparam setter
* @instr: string echo>d to sysfs, input depends on map_type
- * @kp: kp->arg has state: bits/lvl, map, map_type
+ * @kp: kp->arg has state: bits/lvl, classmap, map_type
*
* enable/disable all class'd pr_debugs in the classmap. For LEVEL
* map-types, enforce * relative levels by bitpos.
@@ -758,6 +778,7 @@ int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
default:
return -1;
}
+ return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_dyndbg_classes);
@@ -1073,12 +1094,17 @@ static bool ddebug_class_in_range(const int class_id, const struct _ddebug_class
static const char *ddebug_class_name(struct _ddebug_info *di, struct _ddebug *dp)
{
struct _ddebug_class_map *map;
+ struct _ddebug_class_user *cli;
int i;
for_subvec(i, map, di, maps)
if (ddebug_class_in_range(dp->class_id, map))
return map->class_names[dp->class_id - map->base];
+ for_subvec(i, cli, di, users)
+ if (ddebug_class_in_range(dp->class_id, cli->map))
+ return cli->map->class_names[dp->class_id - cli->map->base];
+
return NULL;
}
@@ -1159,9 +1185,85 @@ static const struct proc_ops proc_fops = {
.proc_write = ddebug_proc_write
};
-static void ddebug_attach_module_classes(struct ddebug_table *dt, struct _ddebug_info *di)
+#define vpr_cm_info(cm_p, msg_fmt, ...) ({ \
+ struct _ddebug_class_map const *_cm = cm_p; \
+ v2pr_info(msg_fmt "%s [%d..%d] %s..%s\n", ##__VA_ARGS__, \
+ _cm->mod_name, _cm->base, _cm->base + _cm->length, \
+ _cm->class_names[0], _cm->class_names[_cm->length - 1]); \
+ })
+
+static void ddebug_sync_classbits(const struct kernel_param *kp, const char *modname)
+{
+ const struct _ddebug_class_param *dcp = kp->arg;
+
+ /* clamp initial bitvec, mask off hi-bits */
+ if (*dcp->bits & ~CLASSMAP_BITMASK(dcp->map->length)) {
+ *dcp->bits &= CLASSMAP_BITMASK(dcp->map->length);
+ v2pr_info("preset classbits: %lx\n", *dcp->bits);
+ }
+ /* force class'd prdbgs (in USEr module) to match (DEFINEr module) class-param */
+ ddebug_apply_class_bitmap(dcp, dcp->bits, ~0, modname);
+ ddebug_apply_class_bitmap(dcp, dcp->bits, 0, modname);
+}
+
+static void ddebug_match_apply_kparam(const struct kernel_param *kp,
+ const struct _ddebug_class_map *map,
+ const char *mod_name)
+{
+ struct _ddebug_class_param *dcp;
+
+ if (kp->ops != ¶m_ops_dyndbg_classes)
+ return;
+
+ dcp = (struct _ddebug_class_param *)kp->arg;
+
+ if (map == dcp->map) {
+ v2pr_info(" kp:%s.%s =0x%lx", mod_name, kp->name, *dcp->bits);
+ vpr_cm_info(map, " %s maps ", mod_name);
+ ddebug_sync_classbits(kp, mod_name);
+ }
+}
+
+static void ddebug_apply_params(const struct _ddebug_class_map *cm, const char *mod_name)
+{
+ const struct kernel_param *kp;
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MODULES)
+ int i;
+
+ if (cm->mod) {
+ vpr_cm_info(cm, "loaded classmap: %s ", mod_name);
+ /* ifdef protects the cm->mod->kp deref */
+ for (i = 0, kp = cm->mod->kp; i < cm->mod->num_kp; i++, kp++)
+ ddebug_match_apply_kparam(kp, cm, mod_name);
+ }
+#endif
+ if (!cm->mod) {
+ vpr_cm_info(cm, "builtin classmap: %s ", mod_name);
+ for (kp = __start___param; kp < __stop___param; kp++)
+ ddebug_match_apply_kparam(kp, cm, mod_name);
+ }
+}
+
+static void ddebug_apply_class_maps(const struct _ddebug_info *di)
{
- vpr_info("module:%s attached %d classes\n", dt->info.mod_name, dt->info.maps.len);
+ struct _ddebug_class_map *cm;
+ int i;
+
+ for_subvec(i, cm, di, maps)
+ ddebug_apply_params(cm, cm->mod_name);
+
+ vpr_di_info(di, "attached %d class-maps to ", i);
+}
+
+static void ddebug_apply_class_users(const struct _ddebug_info *di)
+{
+ struct _ddebug_class_user *cli;
+ int i;
+
+ for_subvec(i, cli, di, users)
+ ddebug_apply_params(cli->map, cli->mod_name);
+
+ vpr_di_info(di, "attached %d class-users to ", i);
}
/*
@@ -1190,6 +1292,22 @@ static void ddebug_attach_module_classes(struct ddebug_table *dt, struct _ddebug
(__dst)->info._vec.len = __nc; \
})
+static int __maybe_unused
+ddebug_class_range_overlap(struct _ddebug_class_map *cm,
+ u64 *reserved_ids)
+{
+ u64 range = (((1ULL << cm->length) - 1) << cm->base);
+
+ if (range & *reserved_ids) {
+ pr_err("[%d..%d] on %s conflicts with %llx\n", cm->base,
+ cm->base + cm->length - 1, cm->class_names[0],
+ *reserved_ids);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ *reserved_ids |= range;
+ return 0;
+}
+
/*
* Allocate a new ddebug_table for the given module
* and add it to the global list.
@@ -1198,6 +1316,7 @@ static int ddebug_add_module(struct _ddebug_info *di)
{
struct ddebug_table *dt;
struct _ddebug_class_map *cm;
+ struct _ddebug_class_user *cli;
int i;
if (!di->descs.len)
@@ -1210,26 +1329,29 @@ static int ddebug_add_module(struct _ddebug_info *di)
pr_err("error adding module: %s\n", di->mod_name);
return -ENOMEM;
}
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dt->link);
/*
- * For built-in modules, name (as supplied in di by its
- * callers) lives in .rodata and is immortal. For loaded
- * modules, name points at the name[] member of struct module,
- * which lives at least as long as this struct ddebug_table.
+ * For built-in modules, di-> referents live in .*data and are
+ * immortal. For loaded modules, di points at the dyndbg_info
+ * member of its struct module, which lives at least as
+ * long as this struct ddebug_table.
*/
dt->info = *di;
-
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dt->link);
-
- dd_mark_vector_subrange(i, cm, di, maps, dt);
-
- if (di->maps.len)
- ddebug_attach_module_classes(dt, di);
+ dd_mark_vector_subrange(i, cm, &dt->info, maps, dt);
+ dd_mark_vector_subrange(i, cli, &dt->info, users, dt);
+ /* now di is stale */
mutex_lock(&ddebug_lock);
list_add_tail(&dt->link, &ddebug_tables);
mutex_unlock(&ddebug_lock);
- vpr_info("%3u debug prints in module %s\n", di->descs.len, di->mod_name);
+ if (dt->info.maps.len)
+ ddebug_apply_class_maps(&dt->info);
+ if (dt->info.users.len)
+ ddebug_apply_class_users(&dt->info);
+
+ vpr_info("%3u debug prints in module %s\n",
+ dt->info.descs.len, dt->info.mod_name);
return 0;
}
@@ -1379,8 +1501,10 @@ static int __init dynamic_debug_init(void)
struct _ddebug_info di = {
.descs.start = __start___dyndbg_descs,
.maps.start = __start___dyndbg_class_maps,
+ .users.start = __start___dyndbg_class_users,
.descs.len = __stop___dyndbg_descs - __start___dyndbg_descs,
.maps.len = __stop___dyndbg_class_maps - __start___dyndbg_class_maps,
+ .users.len = __stop___dyndbg_class_users - __start___dyndbg_class_users,
};
#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
diff --git a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
index 9c3e53cd26bd..6c4548f63512 100644
--- a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
+++ b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
@@ -6,11 +6,30 @@
* Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
*/
-#define pr_fmt(fmt) "test_dd: " fmt
+/*
+ * This file is built 2x, also making test_dynamic_debug_submod.ko,
+ * whose 2-line src file #includes this file. This gives us a _submod
+ * clone with identical pr_debugs, without further maintenance.
+ *
+ * If things are working properly, they should operate identically
+ * when printed or adjusted by >control. This eases visual perusal of
+ * the logs, and simplifies testing, by easing the proper accounting
+ * of expectations.
+ *
+ * It also puts both halves of the subsystem _DEFINE & _USE use case
+ * together, and integrates the common ENUM providing both class_ids
+ * and class-names to both _DEFINErs and _USERs. I think this makes
+ * the usage clearer.
+ */
+#if defined(TEST_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_SUBMOD)
+ #define pr_fmt(fmt) "test_dd_submod: " fmt
+#else
+ #define pr_fmt(fmt) "test_dd: " fmt
+#endif
#include <linux/module.h>
-/* run tests by reading or writing sysfs node: do_prints */
+/* re-gen output by reading or writing sysfs node: do_prints */
static void do_prints(void); /* device under test */
static int param_set_do_prints(const char *instr, const struct kernel_param *kp)
@@ -29,24 +48,39 @@ static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_do_prints = {
};
module_param_cb(do_prints, ¶m_ops_do_prints, NULL, 0600);
-/*
- * Using the CLASSMAP api:
- * - classmaps must have corresponding enum
- * - enum symbols must match/correlate with class-name strings in the map.
- * - base must equal enum's 1st value
- * - multiple maps must set their base to share the 0-30 class_id space !!
- * (build-bug-on tips welcome)
- * Additionally, here:
- * - tie together sysname, mapname, bitsname, flagsname
- */
-#define DD_SYS_WRAP(_model, _flags) \
- static unsigned long bits_##_model; \
- static struct _ddebug_class_param _flags##_model = { \
+#define CLASSMAP_BITMASK(width, base) (((1UL << (width)) - 1) << (base))
+
+/* sysfs param wrapper, proto-API */
+#define DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_PARAM_(_model, _flags, _init) \
+ static unsigned long bits_##_model = _init; \
+ static struct _ddebug_class_param _flags##_##_model = { \
.bits = &bits_##_model, \
.flags = #_flags, \
.map = &map_##_model, \
}; \
- module_param_cb(_flags##_##_model, ¶m_ops_dyndbg_classes, &_flags##_model, 0600)
+ module_param_cb(_flags##_##_model, ¶m_ops_dyndbg_classes, \
+ &_flags##_##_model, 0600)
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#define DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_PARAM(_model, _flags) \
+ DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_PARAM_(_model, _flags, ~0)
+#else
+#define DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_PARAM(_model, _flags) \
+ DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_PARAM_(_model, _flags, 0)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Demonstrate/test DISJOINT & LEVEL typed classmaps with a sys-param.
+ *
+ * To comport with DRM debug-category (an int), classmaps map names to
+ * ids (also an int). So a classmap starts with an enum; DRM has enum
+ * debug_category: with DRM_UT_<CORE,DRIVER,KMS,etc>. We use the enum
+ * values as class-ids, and stringified enum-symbols as classnames.
+ *
+ * Modules with multiple CLASSMAPS must have enums with distinct
+ * value-ranges, as arranged below with explicit enum_sym = X inits.
+ * To clarify this sharing, declare the 2 enums now, for the 2
+ * different classmap types
+ */
/* numeric input, independent bits */
enum cat_disjoint_bits {
@@ -60,26 +94,51 @@ enum cat_disjoint_bits {
D2_LEASE,
D2_DP,
D2_DRMRES };
-DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP(map_disjoint_bits, DD_CLASS_TYPE_DISJOINT_BITS, 0,
- "D2_CORE",
- "D2_DRIVER",
- "D2_KMS",
- "D2_PRIME",
- "D2_ATOMIC",
- "D2_VBL",
- "D2_STATE",
- "D2_LEASE",
- "D2_DP",
- "D2_DRMRES");
-DD_SYS_WRAP(disjoint_bits, p);
-DD_SYS_WRAP(disjoint_bits, T);
-
-/* numeric verbosity, V2 > V1 related */
-enum cat_level_num { V0 = 14, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7 };
-DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP(map_level_num, DD_CLASS_TYPE_LEVEL_NUM, 14,
- "V0", "V1", "V2", "V3", "V4", "V5", "V6", "V7");
-DD_SYS_WRAP(level_num, p);
-DD_SYS_WRAP(level_num, T);
+
+/* numeric verbosity, V2 > V1 related. V0 is > D2_DRMRES */
+enum cat_level_num { V0 = 16, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7 };
+
+/* recapitulate DRM's multi-classmap setup */
+#if !defined(TEST_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_SUBMOD)
+/*
+ * In single user, or parent / coordinator (drm.ko) modules, define
+ * classmaps on the client enums above, and then declares the PARAMS
+ * ref'g the classmaps. Each is exported.
+ */
+DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_DEFINE(map_disjoint_bits, DD_CLASS_TYPE_DISJOINT_BITS,
+ D2_CORE,
+ "D2_CORE",
+ "D2_DRIVER",
+ "D2_KMS",
+ "D2_PRIME",
+ "D2_ATOMIC",
+ "D2_VBL",
+ "D2_STATE",
+ "D2_LEASE",
+ "D2_DP",
+ "D2_DRMRES");
+
+DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_DEFINE(map_level_num, DD_CLASS_TYPE_LEVEL_NUM,
+ V0, "V0", "V1", "V2", "V3", "V4", "V5", "V6", "V7");
+
+/*
+ * now add the sysfs-params
+ */
+
+DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_PARAM(disjoint_bits, p);
+DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_PARAM(level_num, p);
+
+#else /* TEST_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_SUBMOD */
+
+/*
+ * in submod/drm-drivers, use the classmaps defined in top/parent
+ * module above.
+ */
+
+DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE(map_disjoint_bits);
+DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CLASSMAP_USE(map_level_num);
+
+#endif
/* stand-in for all pr_debug etc */
#define prdbg(SYM) __pr_debug_cls(SYM, #SYM " msg\n")
@@ -115,6 +174,7 @@ static void do_levels(void)
static void do_prints(void)
{
+ pr_debug("do_prints:\n");
do_cats();
do_levels();
}
diff --git a/lib/test_dynamic_debug_submod.c b/lib/test_dynamic_debug_submod.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..672aabf40160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/test_dynamic_debug_submod.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Kernel module for testing dynamic_debug
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ * Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
+ */
+
+/*
+ * clone the parent, inherit all the properties, for consistency and
+ * simpler accounting in test expectations.
+ */
+#define TEST_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_SUBMOD
+#include "test_dynamic_debug.c"
--
2.53.0
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH v11 16/65] dyndbg,module: make proper substructs in _ddebug_info
From: Jim Cromie @ 2026-03-13 13:19 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: airlied, simona, jbaron, gregkh, Arnd Bergmann, Jim Cromie,
Luis Chamberlain, Petr Pavlu, Daniel Gomez, Sami Tolvanen,
Aaron Tomlin, Andrew Morton, linux-arch, linux-kernel,
linux-modules
Cc: mripard, tzimmermann, maarten.lankhorst, jani.nikula,
ville.syrjala, christian.koenig, matthew.auld,
arunpravin.paneerselvam, louis.chauvet, skhan, pmladek, ukaszb,
dri-devel, intel-gfx, amd-gfx
In-Reply-To: <20260313132103.2529746-1-jim.cromie@gmail.com>
recompose struct _ddebug_info, inserting proper sub-structs.
The struct _ddebug_info has 2 pairs of _vec, num##_vec fields, for
descs and classes respectively. for_subvec() makes walking these
vectors less cumbersome, now lets move those field pairs into their
own "vec" structs: _ddebug_descs & _ddebug_class_maps, and re-compose
struct _ddebug_info to contain them cleanly. This also lets us rid
for_subvec() of its num##_vec paste-up.
Also recompose struct ddebug_table to contain a _ddebug_info. This
reinforces its use as a cursor into relevant data for a builtin
module, and access to the full _ddebug state for modules.
NOTES:
Invariant: These vectors ref a contiguous subrange of __section memory
in builtin/DATA or in loadable modules via mod->dyndbg_info; with
guaranteed life-time for us.
Fixup names: Normalize all struct names to "struct _ddebug_*"
eliminating the minor/stupid variations created in classmaps-v1.
Also normalize the __section names to "__dyndbg_*".
struct module contains a _ddebug_info field and module/main.c sets it
up, so that gets adjusted rather obviously.
Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
---
include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 4 +-
include/linux/dynamic_debug.h | 42 +++++++----
kernel/module/main.c | 12 +--
lib/dynamic_debug.c | 120 +++++++++++++++---------------
lib/test_dynamic_debug.c | 2 +-
5 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
index a2ba7e3d9994..62fc2b0e8d1c 100644
--- a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
@@ -385,8 +385,8 @@
*(__tracepoints) \
/* implement dynamic printk debug */ \
. = ALIGN(8); \
- BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__dyndbg, ___dyndbg) \
- BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__dyndbg_classes, ___dyndbg_classes) \
+ BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__dyndbg_descriptors, ___dyndbg_descs) \
+ BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__dyndbg_class_maps, ___dyndbg_class_maps) \
CODETAG_SECTIONS() \
LIKELY_PROFILE() \
BRANCH_PROFILE() \
diff --git a/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h b/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
index 9fd36339db52..b84518b70a6e 100644
--- a/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
+++ b/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
@@ -83,30 +83,42 @@ enum class_map_type {
*/
};
-struct ddebug_class_map {
- struct module *mod;
- const char *mod_name; /* needed for builtins */
+struct _ddebug_class_map {
+ struct module *mod; /* NULL for builtins */
+ const char *mod_name;
const char **class_names;
const int length;
const int base; /* index of 1st .class_id, allows split/shared space */
enum class_map_type map_type;
};
-/* encapsulate linker provided built-in (or module) dyndbg data */
+/*
+ * @_ddebug_info: gathers module/builtin dyndbg_* __sections together.
+ * For builtins, it is used as a cursor, with the inner structs
+ * marking sub-vectors of the builtin __sections in DATA.
+ */
+struct _ddebug_descs {
+ struct _ddebug *start;
+ int len;
+};
+
+struct _ddebug_class_maps {
+ struct _ddebug_class_map *start;
+ int len;
+};
+
struct _ddebug_info {
- struct _ddebug *descs;
- struct ddebug_class_map *classes;
- unsigned int num_descs;
- unsigned int num_classes;
+ struct _ddebug_descs descs;
+ struct _ddebug_class_maps maps;
};
-struct ddebug_class_param {
+struct _ddebug_class_param {
union {
unsigned long *bits;
unsigned long *lvl;
};
char flags[8];
- const struct ddebug_class_map *map;
+ const struct _ddebug_class_map *map;
};
/*
@@ -125,8 +137,8 @@ struct ddebug_class_param {
*/
#define DECLARE_DYNDBG_CLASSMAP(_var, _maptype, _base, ...) \
static const char *_var##_classnames[] = { __VA_ARGS__ }; \
- static struct ddebug_class_map __aligned(8) __used \
- __section("__dyndbg_classes") _var = { \
+ static struct _ddebug_class_map __aligned(8) __used \
+ __section("__dyndbg_class_maps") _var = { \
.mod = THIS_MODULE, \
.mod_name = KBUILD_MODNAME, \
.base = _base, \
@@ -166,7 +178,7 @@ void __dynamic_ibdev_dbg(struct _ddebug *descriptor,
#define DEFINE_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_METADATA_CLS(name, cls, fmt) \
static struct _ddebug __aligned(8) \
- __section("__dyndbg") name = { \
+ __section("__dyndbg_descriptors") name = { \
.modname = KBUILD_MODNAME, \
.function = __func__, \
.filename = __FILE__, \
@@ -253,7 +265,7 @@ void __dynamic_ibdev_dbg(struct _ddebug *descriptor,
* macro.
*/
#define _dynamic_func_call_cls(cls, fmt, func, ...) \
- __dynamic_func_call_cls(__UNIQUE_ID(ddebug), cls, fmt, func, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+ __dynamic_func_call_cls(__UNIQUE_ID(_ddebug), cls, fmt, func, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define _dynamic_func_call(fmt, func, ...) \
_dynamic_func_call_cls(_DPRINTK_CLASS_DFLT, fmt, func, ##__VA_ARGS__)
@@ -263,7 +275,7 @@ void __dynamic_ibdev_dbg(struct _ddebug *descriptor,
* with precisely the macro's varargs.
*/
#define _dynamic_func_call_cls_no_desc(cls, fmt, func, ...) \
- __dynamic_func_call_cls_no_desc(__UNIQUE_ID(ddebug), cls, fmt, \
+ __dynamic_func_call_cls_no_desc(__UNIQUE_ID(_ddebug), cls, fmt, \
func, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define _dynamic_func_call_no_desc(fmt, func, ...) \
_dynamic_func_call_cls_no_desc(_DPRINTK_CLASS_DFLT, fmt, \
diff --git a/kernel/module/main.c b/kernel/module/main.c
index 2bac4c7cd019..49f7b12c9776 100644
--- a/kernel/module/main.c
+++ b/kernel/module/main.c
@@ -2710,12 +2710,12 @@ static int find_module_sections(struct module *mod, struct load_info *info)
pr_warn("%s: Ignoring obsolete parameters\n", mod->name);
#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CORE
- mod->dyndbg_info.descs = section_objs(info, "__dyndbg",
- sizeof(*mod->dyndbg_info.descs),
- &mod->dyndbg_info.num_descs);
- mod->dyndbg_info.classes = section_objs(info, "__dyndbg_classes",
- sizeof(*mod->dyndbg_info.classes),
- &mod->dyndbg_info.num_classes);
+ mod->dyndbg_info.descs.start = section_objs(info, "__dyndbg_descriptors",
+ sizeof(*mod->dyndbg_info.descs.start),
+ &mod->dyndbg_info.descs.len);
+ mod->dyndbg_info.maps.start = section_objs(info, "__dyndbg_class_maps",
+ sizeof(*mod->dyndbg_info.maps.start),
+ &mod->dyndbg_info.maps.len);
#endif
return 0;
diff --git a/lib/dynamic_debug.c b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
index cb7bfe8729a7..f47fdb769d7a 100644
--- a/lib/dynamic_debug.c
+++ b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
@@ -39,17 +39,15 @@
#include <rdma/ib_verbs.h>
-extern struct _ddebug __start___dyndbg[];
-extern struct _ddebug __stop___dyndbg[];
-extern struct ddebug_class_map __start___dyndbg_classes[];
-extern struct ddebug_class_map __stop___dyndbg_classes[];
+extern struct _ddebug __start___dyndbg_descs[];
+extern struct _ddebug __stop___dyndbg_descs[];
+extern struct _ddebug_class_map __start___dyndbg_class_maps[];
+extern struct _ddebug_class_map __stop___dyndbg_class_maps[];
struct ddebug_table {
struct list_head link;
const char *mod_name;
- struct _ddebug *ddebugs;
- struct ddebug_class_map *classes;
- unsigned int num_ddebugs, num_classes;
+ struct _ddebug_info info;
};
struct ddebug_query {
@@ -136,19 +134,19 @@ do { \
* @_i: caller provided counter.
* @_sp: cursor into _vec, to examine each item.
* @_box: ptr to a struct containing @_vec member
- * @_vec: name of a member in @_box
+ * @_vec: name of a vector member in @_box
*/
#define __ASSERT_IS_LVALUE(x) ((void)sizeof((void)0, &(x)))
#define __ASSERT_HAS_VEC_MEMBER(_box, _vec) \
- ((void)sizeof((_box)->_vec + (_box)->num##_vec))
+ ((void)sizeof((_box)->_vec.start + (_box)->_vec.len))
#define for_subvec(_i, _sp, _box, _vec) \
for (__ASSERT_IS_LVALUE(_i), \
__ASSERT_IS_LVALUE(_sp), \
__ASSERT_HAS_VEC_MEMBER(_box, _vec), \
(_i) = 0, \
- (_sp) = (_box)->_vec; \
- (_i) < (_box)->num##_vec; \
+ (_sp) = (_box)->_vec.start; \
+ (_i) < (_box)->_vec.len; \
(_i)++, (_sp)++) /* { block } */
static void vpr_info_dq(const struct ddebug_query *query, const char *msg)
@@ -171,14 +169,14 @@ static void vpr_info_dq(const struct ddebug_query *query, const char *msg)
query->first_lineno, query->last_lineno, query->class_string);
}
-static struct ddebug_class_map *ddebug_find_valid_class(struct ddebug_table const *dt,
+static struct _ddebug_class_map *ddebug_find_valid_class(struct ddebug_table const *dt,
const char *class_string,
int *class_id)
{
- struct ddebug_class_map *map;
+ struct _ddebug_class_map *map;
int i, idx;
- for_subvec(i, map, dt, classes) {
+ for_subvec(i, map, &dt->info, maps) {
idx = match_string(map->class_names, map->length, class_string);
if (idx >= 0) {
*class_id = idx + map->base;
@@ -249,7 +247,7 @@ static int ddebug_change(const struct ddebug_query *query,
unsigned int newflags;
unsigned int nfound = 0;
struct flagsbuf fbuf, nbuf;
- struct ddebug_class_map *map = NULL;
+ struct _ddebug_class_map *map = NULL;
int valid_class;
/* search for matching ddebugs */
@@ -270,8 +268,8 @@ static int ddebug_change(const struct ddebug_query *query,
valid_class = _DPRINTK_CLASS_DFLT;
}
- for (i = 0; i < dt->num_ddebugs; i++) {
- struct _ddebug *dp = &dt->ddebugs[i];
+ for (i = 0; i < dt->info.descs.len; i++) {
+ struct _ddebug *dp = &dt->info.descs.start[i];
if (!ddebug_match_desc(query, dp, valid_class))
continue;
@@ -629,14 +627,14 @@ static int ddebug_exec_queries(char *query, const char *modname)
}
/* apply a new class-param setting */
-static int ddebug_apply_class_bitmap(const struct ddebug_class_param *dcp,
+static int ddebug_apply_class_bitmap(const struct _ddebug_class_param *dcp,
const unsigned long *new_bits,
const unsigned long old_bits,
const char *query_modname)
{
#define QUERY_SIZE 128
char query[QUERY_SIZE];
- const struct ddebug_class_map *map = dcp->map;
+ const struct _ddebug_class_map *map = dcp->map;
int matches = 0;
int bi, ct;
@@ -672,8 +670,8 @@ static int ddebug_apply_class_bitmap(const struct ddebug_class_param *dcp,
/* accept comma-separated-list of [+-] classnames */
static int param_set_dyndbg_classnames(const char *instr, const struct kernel_param *kp)
{
- const struct ddebug_class_param *dcp = kp->arg;
- const struct ddebug_class_map *map = dcp->map;
+ const struct _ddebug_class_param *dcp = kp->arg;
+ const struct _ddebug_class_map *map = dcp->map;
unsigned long curr_bits, old_bits;
char *cl_str, *p, *tmp;
int cls_id, totct = 0;
@@ -743,8 +741,8 @@ static int param_set_dyndbg_module_classes(const char *instr,
const struct kernel_param *kp,
const char *mod_name)
{
- const struct ddebug_class_param *dcp = kp->arg;
- const struct ddebug_class_map *map = dcp->map;
+ const struct _ddebug_class_param *dcp = kp->arg;
+ const struct _ddebug_class_map *map = dcp->map;
unsigned long inrep, new_bits, old_bits;
int rc, totct = 0;
@@ -831,8 +829,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_set_dyndbg_classes);
*/
int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
{
- const struct ddebug_class_param *dcp = kp->arg;
- const struct ddebug_class_map *map = dcp->map;
+ const struct _ddebug_class_param *dcp = kp->arg;
+ const struct _ddebug_class_map *map = dcp->map;
switch (map->map_type) {
@@ -1083,8 +1081,8 @@ static struct _ddebug *ddebug_iter_first(struct ddebug_iter *iter)
}
iter->table = list_entry(ddebug_tables.next,
struct ddebug_table, link);
- iter->idx = iter->table->num_ddebugs;
- return &iter->table->ddebugs[--iter->idx];
+ iter->idx = iter->table->info.descs.len;
+ return &iter->table->info.descs.start[--iter->idx];
}
/*
@@ -1105,10 +1103,10 @@ static struct _ddebug *ddebug_iter_next(struct ddebug_iter *iter)
}
iter->table = list_entry(iter->table->link.next,
struct ddebug_table, link);
- iter->idx = iter->table->num_ddebugs;
+ iter->idx = iter->table->info.descs.len;
--iter->idx;
}
- return &iter->table->ddebugs[iter->idx];
+ return &iter->table->info.descs.start[iter->idx];
}
/*
@@ -1152,16 +1150,19 @@ static void *ddebug_proc_next(struct seq_file *m, void *p, loff_t *pos)
return dp;
}
-#define class_in_range(class_id, map) \
- (class_id >= map->base && class_id < map->base + map->length)
+static bool ddebug_class_in_range(const int class_id, const struct _ddebug_class_map *map)
+{
+ return (class_id >= map->base &&
+ class_id < map->base + map->length);
+}
-static const char *ddebug_class_name(struct ddebug_iter *iter, struct _ddebug *dp)
+static const char *ddebug_class_name(struct ddebug_table *dt, struct _ddebug *dp)
{
- struct ddebug_class_map *map = iter->table->classes;
- int i, nc = iter->table->num_classes;
+ struct _ddebug_class_map *map;
+ int i;
- for (i = 0; i < nc; i++, map++)
- if (class_in_range(dp->class_id, map))
+ for_subvec(i, map, &dt->info, maps)
+ if (ddebug_class_in_range(dp->class_id, map))
return map->class_names[dp->class_id - map->base];
return NULL;
@@ -1194,7 +1195,7 @@ static int ddebug_proc_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
seq_putc(m, '"');
if (dp->class_id != _DPRINTK_CLASS_DFLT) {
- class = ddebug_class_name(iter, dp);
+ class = ddebug_class_name(iter->table, dp);
if (class)
seq_printf(m, " class:%s", class);
else
@@ -1246,7 +1247,7 @@ static const struct proc_ops proc_fops = {
static void ddebug_attach_module_classes(struct ddebug_table *dt, struct _ddebug_info *di)
{
- struct ddebug_class_map *cm;
+ struct _ddebug_class_map *cm;
int i, nc = 0;
/*
@@ -1254,18 +1255,18 @@ static void ddebug_attach_module_classes(struct ddebug_table *dt, struct _ddebug
* the builtin/modular classmap vector/section. Save the start
* and length of the subrange at its edges.
*/
- for_subvec(i, cm, di, classes) {
+ for_subvec(i, cm, di, maps) {
if (!strcmp(cm->mod_name, dt->mod_name)) {
if (!nc) {
v2pr_info("start subrange, class[%d]: module:%s base:%d len:%d ty:%d\n",
i, cm->mod_name, cm->base, cm->length, cm->map_type);
- dt->classes = cm;
+ dt->info.maps.start = cm;
}
nc++;
}
}
if (nc) {
- dt->num_classes = nc;
+ dt->info.maps.len = nc;
vpr_info("module:%s attached %d classes\n", dt->mod_name, nc);
}
}
@@ -1278,10 +1279,10 @@ static int ddebug_add_module(struct _ddebug_info *di, const char *modname)
{
struct ddebug_table *dt;
- if (!di->num_descs)
+ if (!di->descs.len)
return 0;
- v3pr_info("add-module: %s %d sites\n", modname, di->num_descs);
+ v3pr_info("add-module: %s %d sites\n", modname, di->descs.len);
dt = kzalloc_obj(*dt);
if (dt == NULL) {
@@ -1295,19 +1296,18 @@ static int ddebug_add_module(struct _ddebug_info *di, const char *modname)
* this struct ddebug_table.
*/
dt->mod_name = modname;
- dt->ddebugs = di->descs;
- dt->num_ddebugs = di->num_descs;
+ dt->info = *di;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dt->link);
- if (di->classes && di->num_classes)
+ if (di->maps.len)
ddebug_attach_module_classes(dt, di);
mutex_lock(&ddebug_lock);
list_add_tail(&dt->link, &ddebug_tables);
mutex_unlock(&ddebug_lock);
- vpr_info("%3u debug prints in module %s\n", di->num_descs, modname);
+ vpr_info("%3u debug prints in module %s\n", di->descs.len, modname);
return 0;
}
@@ -1454,10 +1454,10 @@ static int __init dynamic_debug_init(void)
char *cmdline;
struct _ddebug_info di = {
- .descs = __start___dyndbg,
- .classes = __start___dyndbg_classes,
- .num_descs = __stop___dyndbg - __start___dyndbg,
- .num_classes = __stop___dyndbg_classes - __start___dyndbg_classes,
+ .descs.start = __start___dyndbg_descs,
+ .maps.start = __start___dyndbg_class_maps,
+ .descs.len = __stop___dyndbg_descs - __start___dyndbg_descs,
+ .maps.len = __stop___dyndbg_class_maps - __start___dyndbg_class_maps,
};
#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ static int __init dynamic_debug_init(void)
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MODULES */
- if (&__start___dyndbg == &__stop___dyndbg) {
+ if (&__start___dyndbg_descs == &__stop___dyndbg_descs) {
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG)) {
pr_warn("_ddebug table is empty in a CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG build\n");
return 1;
@@ -1478,16 +1478,16 @@ static int __init dynamic_debug_init(void)
return 0;
}
- iter = iter_mod_start = __start___dyndbg;
+ iter = iter_mod_start = __start___dyndbg_descs;
modname = iter->modname;
i = mod_sites = mod_ct = 0;
- for (; iter < __stop___dyndbg; iter++, i++, mod_sites++) {
+ for (; iter < __stop___dyndbg_descs; iter++, i++, mod_sites++) {
if (strcmp(modname, iter->modname)) {
mod_ct++;
- di.num_descs = mod_sites;
- di.descs = iter_mod_start;
+ di.descs.len = mod_sites;
+ di.descs.start = iter_mod_start;
ret = ddebug_add_module(&di, modname);
if (ret)
goto out_err;
@@ -1497,8 +1497,8 @@ static int __init dynamic_debug_init(void)
iter_mod_start = iter;
}
}
- di.num_descs = mod_sites;
- di.descs = iter_mod_start;
+ di.descs.len = mod_sites;
+ di.descs.start = iter_mod_start;
ret = ddebug_add_module(&di, modname);
if (ret)
goto out_err;
@@ -1508,8 +1508,8 @@ static int __init dynamic_debug_init(void)
i, mod_ct, (int)((mod_ct * sizeof(struct ddebug_table)) >> 10),
(int)((i * sizeof(struct _ddebug)) >> 10));
- if (di.num_classes)
- v2pr_info(" %d builtin ddebug class-maps\n", di.num_classes);
+ if (di.maps.len)
+ v2pr_info(" %d builtin ddebug class-maps\n", di.maps.len);
/* now that ddebug tables are loaded, process all boot args
* again to find and activate queries given in dyndbg params.
diff --git a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
index 396144cf351b..8434f70b51bb 100644
--- a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
+++ b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ module_param_cb(do_prints, ¶m_ops_do_prints, NULL, 0600);
*/
#define DD_SYS_WRAP(_model, _flags) \
static unsigned long bits_##_model; \
- static struct ddebug_class_param _flags##_model = { \
+ static struct _ddebug_class_param _flags##_model = { \
.bits = &bits_##_model, \
.flags = #_flags, \
.map = &map_##_model, \
--
2.53.0
^ permalink raw reply related
* Re: [PATCH v2] module.lds,codetag: force 0 sh_addr for sections
From: Joe Lawrence @ 2026-03-12 21:02 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Sami Tolvanen
Cc: linux-modules, linux-kernel, Luis Chamberlain, Petr Pavlu,
Daniel Gomez, Aaron Tomlin, Petr Mladek, Josh Poimboeuf
In-Reply-To: <20260311211207.GA2440964@google.com>
On Wed, Mar 11, 2026 at 09:12:07PM +0000, Sami Tolvanen wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 04, 2026 at 08:52:37PM -0500, Joe Lawrence wrote:
> > Commit 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and
> > related macros") added .text and made .data, .bss, and .rodata sections
> > unconditional in the module linker script, but without an explicit
> > address like the other sections in the same file.
> >
> > When linking modules with ld.bfd -r, sections defined without an address
> > inherit the location counter, resulting in non-zero sh_addr values in
> > the .ko. Relocatable objects are expected to have sh_addr=0 for these
> > sections and these non-zero addresses confuse elfutils and have been
> > reported to cause segmentation faults in SystemTap [1].
> >
> > Add the 0 address specifier to all sections in module.lds, including the
> > .codetag.* sections via MOD_SEPARATE_CODETAG_SECTIONS macro.
> >
> > Link: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33958
> > Fixes: 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and related macros")
> > Signed-off-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
> > ---
> > include/asm-generic/codetag.lds.h | 2 +-
> > scripts/module.lds.S | 12 ++++++------
> > 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
> >
> > v2:
> > - Update the MOD_SEPARATE_CODETAG_SECTION for .codetag.* as well [Petr]
>
> Do we also need similar changes in any of the architecture-specific module
> linker scripts (arch/*/include/asm/module.lds.h)?
>
Hi Sami,
That is a good question that is unfortunately beyond my limited linker script
knowledge. Some of those arch-specific module.lds.h do not specify
address for several sections and have been that way for years ... so if
I were to guess, I don't think 1ba9f8979426 changed their behavior one
way or another.
--
Joe
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 48/61] mtd: Prefer IS_ERR_OR_NULL over manual NULL check
From: Richard Weinberger @ 2026-03-12 19:33 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Philipp Hahn
Cc: amd-gfx, apparmor, bpf, ceph-devel, cocci, dm-devel,
DRI mailing list, gfs2, intel-gfx, intel-wired-lan, iommu, kvm,
linux-arm-kernel, linux-block, linux-bluetooth, linux-btrfs,
linux-cifs, linux-clk, linux-erofs, linux-ext4, linux-fsdevel,
linux-gpio, linux-hyperv, linux-input, linux-kernel, linux-leds,
linux-media, linux-mips, linux-mm, linux-modules, linux-mtd,
linux-nfs, linux-omap, linux-phy, linux-pm, linux-rockchip,
linux-s390, linux-scsi, linux-sctp, LSM, linux-sh, linux-sound,
linux-stm32, linux-trace-kernel, linux-usb, linux-wireless,
netdev, ntfs3, samba-technical, sched-ext, target-devel,
tipc-discussion, v9fs, Miquel Raynal, Vignesh Raghavendra
In-Reply-To: <20260310-b4-is_err_or_null-v1-48-bd63b656022d@avm.de>
----- Ursprüngliche Mail -----
> Von: "Philipp Hahn" <phahn-oss@avm.de>
> - if (gpiomtd->nwp && !IS_ERR(gpiomtd->nwp))
> + if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(gpiomtd->nwp))
No, please don't.
This makes reading the code not easier.
Thanks,
//richard
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 00/61] treewide: Use IS_ERR_OR_NULL over manual NULL check - refactor
From: Jason Gunthorpe @ 2026-03-12 16:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: James Bottomley
Cc: Kuan-Wei Chiu, Philipp Hahn, amd-gfx, apparmor, bpf, ceph-devel,
cocci, dm-devel, dri-devel, gfs2, intel-gfx, intel-wired-lan,
iommu, kvm, linux-arm-kernel, linux-block, linux-bluetooth,
linux-btrfs, linux-cifs, linux-clk, linux-erofs, linux-ext4,
linux-fsdevel, linux-gpio, linux-hyperv, linux-input,
linux-kernel, linux-leds, linux-media, linux-mips, linux-mm,
linux-modules, linux-mtd, linux-nfs, linux-omap, linux-phy,
linux-pm, linux-rockchip, linux-s390, linux-scsi, linux-sctp,
linux-security-module, linux-sh, linux-sound, linux-stm32,
linux-trace-kernel, linux-usb, linux-wireless, netdev, ntfs3,
samba-technical, sched-ext, target-devel, tipc-discussion, v9fs
In-Reply-To: <f5688b895eaebabae6545a0d9baf8f1404e8454e.camel@HansenPartnership.com>
On Thu, Mar 12, 2026 at 11:32:37AM -0400, James Bottomley wrote:
> On Thu, 2026-03-12 at 09:57 -0300, Jason Gunthorpe wrote:
> > On Wed, Mar 11, 2026 at 02:40:36AM +0800, Kuan-Wei Chiu wrote:
> >
> > > IMHO, the necessity of IS_ERR_OR_NULL() often highlights a
> > > confusing or flawed API design. It usually implies that the caller
> > > is unsure whether a failure results in an error pointer or a NULL
> > > pointer.
> >
> > +1
> >
> > IS_ERR_OR_NULL() should always be looked on with suspicion. Very
> > little should be returning some tri-state 'ERR' 'NULL' 'SUCCESS'
> > pointer. What does the middle condition even mean? IS_ERR_OR_NULL()
> > implies ERR and NULL are semanticly the same, so fix the things to
> > always use ERR.
>
> Not in any way supporting the original patch. However, the pattern
> ERR, NULL, PTR is used extensively in the dentry code of filesystems.
> See the try_lookup..() set of functions in fs/namei.c
>
> The meaning is
>
> PTR - I found it
> NULL - It definitely doesn't exist
> ERR - something went wrong during the lookup.
>
> So I don't think you can blanket say this pattern is wrong.
Lots of places also would return ENOENT, I'd argue that is easier to
use..
But yes, I did use the word "suspicion" not blanket wrong :)
Jason
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 38/61] net: Prefer IS_ERR_OR_NULL over manual NULL check
From: Przemek Kitszel @ 2026-03-12 16:11 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Philipp Hahn
Cc: amd-gfx, apparmor, bpf, ceph-devel, cocci, dm-devel, dri-devel,
gfs2, intel-gfx, intel-wired-lan, iommu, kvm, linux-arm-kernel,
linux-block, linux-bluetooth, linux-btrfs, linux-cifs, linux-clk,
linux-erofs, linux-ext4, linux-fsdevel, linux-gpio, linux-hyperv,
linux-input, linux-kernel, linux-leds, linux-media, linux-mips,
linux-mm, linux-modules, linux-mtd, linux-nfs, linux-omap,
linux-phy, linux-pm, linux-rockchip, linux-s390, linux-scsi,
linux-sctp, linux-security-module, linux-sh, linux-sound,
linux-stm32, linux-trace-kernel, linux-usb, linux-wireless,
netdev, ntfs3, samba-technical, sched-ext, target-devel,
tipc-discussion, v9fs, Igor Russkikh, Andrew Lunn,
David S. Miller, Eric Dumazet, Jakub Kicinski, Paolo Abeni,
Pavan Chebbi, Michael Chan, Potnuri Bharat Teja, Tony Nguyen,
Taras Chornyi, Maxime Coquelin, Alexandre Torgue,
Iyappan Subramanian, Keyur Chudgar, Quan Nguyen, Heiner Kallweit,
Russell King
In-Reply-To: <20260310-b4-is_err_or_null-v1-38-bd63b656022d@avm.de>
On 3/10/26 12:49, Philipp Hahn wrote:
> Prefer using IS_ERR_OR_NULL() over using IS_ERR() and a manual NULL
> check.
>
> Change generated with coccinelle.
>
> To: Igor Russkikh <irusskikh@marvell.com>
> To: Andrew Lunn <andrew+netdev@lunn.ch>
> To: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
> To: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
> To: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
> To: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
> To: Pavan Chebbi <pavan.chebbi@broadcom.com>
> To: Michael Chan <mchan@broadcom.com>
> To: Potnuri Bharat Teja <bharat@chelsio.com>
> To: Tony Nguyen <anthony.l.nguyen@intel.com>
> To: Przemek Kitszel <przemyslaw.kitszel@intel.com>
> To: Taras Chornyi <taras.chornyi@plvision.eu>
> To: Maxime Coquelin <mcoquelin.stm32@gmail.com>
> To: Alexandre Torgue <alexandre.torgue@foss.st.com>
> To: Iyappan Subramanian <iyappan@os.amperecomputing.com>
> To: Keyur Chudgar <keyur@os.amperecomputing.com>
> To: Quan Nguyen <quan@os.amperecomputing.com>
> To: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com>
> To: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
> Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
> Cc: intel-wired-lan@lists.osuosl.org
> Cc: linux-stm32@st-md-mailman.stormreply.com
> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
> Cc: linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Philipp Hahn <phahn-oss@avm.de>
this is too trivial change, especially when combined like that
https://docs.kernel.org/process/maintainer-netdev.html#clean-up-patches
> ---
> drivers/net/ethernet/aquantia/atlantic/aq_ring.c | 2 +-
> drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/tg3.c | 2 +-
> drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/cxgb4/cxgb4_tc_flower.c | 3 +--
> drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ice/devlink/devlink.c | 2 +-
> drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/prestera/prestera_router.c | 2 +-
> drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/stmmac_main.c | 2 +-
> drivers/net/mdio/mdio-xgene.c | 2 +-
> drivers/net/usb/r8152.c | 2 +-
> 8 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/aquantia/atlantic/aq_ring.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/aquantia/atlantic/aq_ring.c
> index e270327e47fd804cc8ee5cfd53ed1b993c955c41..43edef35c4b1ff606b2f1519a07fad4c9a990ad4 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/aquantia/atlantic/aq_ring.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/aquantia/atlantic/aq_ring.c
> @@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ static int __aq_ring_xdp_clean(struct aq_ring_s *rx_ring,
> }
>
> skb = aq_xdp_run_prog(aq_nic, &xdp, rx_ring, buff);
> - if (IS_ERR(skb) || !skb)
> + if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(skb))
> continue;
>
> if (ptp_hwtstamp_len > 0)
> diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/tg3.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/tg3.c
> index 2328fce336447eb4a796f9300ccc0ab536ff0a35..8ed79f34f03d81184dcc12e6eaff009cb8f7756e 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/tg3.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/tg3.c
> @@ -7943,7 +7943,7 @@ static int tg3_tso_bug(struct tg3 *tp, struct tg3_napi *tnapi,
>
> segs = skb_gso_segment(skb, tp->dev->features &
> ~(NETIF_F_TSO | NETIF_F_TSO6));
> - if (IS_ERR(segs) || !segs) {
> + if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(segs)) {
> tnapi->tx_dropped++;
> goto tg3_tso_bug_end;
> }
> diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/cxgb4/cxgb4_tc_flower.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/cxgb4/cxgb4_tc_flower.c
> index 3307e50426819087ad985178c4a5383f16b8e7b4..1c8a6445d4b2e3535d8f1b7908dd02d8dd2f23fa 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/cxgb4/cxgb4_tc_flower.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/cxgb4/cxgb4_tc_flower.c
> @@ -1032,8 +1032,7 @@ static void ch_flower_stats_handler(struct work_struct *work)
> do {
> rhashtable_walk_start(&iter);
>
> - while ((flower_entry = rhashtable_walk_next(&iter)) &&
> - !IS_ERR(flower_entry)) {
> + while (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL((flower_entry = rhashtable_walk_next(&iter)))) {
> ret = cxgb4_get_filter_counters(adap->port[0],
> flower_entry->filter_id,
> &packets, &bytes,
> diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ice/devlink/devlink.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ice/devlink/devlink.c
> index 6c72bd15db6d75a1d4fa04ef8fefbd26fb6e84bd..3d08b9187fd76ca3198af28111b6f1c1765ea01e 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ice/devlink/devlink.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ice/devlink/devlink.c
> @@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ static void ice_traverse_tx_tree(struct devlink *devlink, struct ice_sched_node
> node->parent->rate_node);
> }
>
> - if (rate_node && !IS_ERR(rate_node))
> + if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(rate_node))
> node->rate_node = rate_node;
>
> traverse_children:
> diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/prestera/prestera_router.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/prestera/prestera_router.c
> index b036b173a308b5f994ad8538eb010fa27196988c..4492938e8a3da91d32efe8d45ccbe2eb437c0e49 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/prestera/prestera_router.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/prestera/prestera_router.c
> @@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ static void __prestera_k_arb_hw_state_upd(struct prestera_switch *sw,
> n = NULL;
> }
>
> - if (!IS_ERR(n) && n) {
> + if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(n)) {
> neigh_event_send(n, NULL);
> neigh_release(n);
> } else {
> diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/stmmac_main.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/stmmac_main.c
> index 6827c99bde8c22db42b363d2d36ad6f26075ed50..356a4e9ce04b1fcf8786d7274d31ace404be2cf6 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/stmmac_main.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/stmicro/stmmac/stmmac_main.c
> @@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ static int stmmac_init_phy(struct net_device *dev)
> /* Some DT bindings do not set-up the PHY handle. Let's try to
> * manually parse it
> */
> - if (!phy_fwnode || IS_ERR(phy_fwnode)) {
> + if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(phy_fwnode)) {
> int addr = priv->plat->phy_addr;
> struct phy_device *phydev;
>
> diff --git a/drivers/net/mdio/mdio-xgene.c b/drivers/net/mdio/mdio-xgene.c
> index a8f91a4b7fed0927ee14e408000cd3a2bfb9b09a..09b30b563295c6085dc1358ac361301e5cf6b2a8 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/mdio/mdio-xgene.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/mdio/mdio-xgene.c
> @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ struct phy_device *xgene_enet_phy_register(struct mii_bus *bus, int phy_addr)
> struct phy_device *phy_dev;
>
> phy_dev = get_phy_device(bus, phy_addr, false);
> - if (!phy_dev || IS_ERR(phy_dev))
> + if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(phy_dev))
> return NULL;
>
> if (phy_device_register(phy_dev))
> diff --git a/drivers/net/usb/r8152.c b/drivers/net/usb/r8152.c
> index 0c83bbbea2e7c322ee6339893e281237663bd3ae..73f17ebd7d40007eec5004f887a46249defd28ab 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/usb/r8152.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/usb/r8152.c
> @@ -2218,7 +2218,7 @@ static void r8152_csum_workaround(struct r8152 *tp, struct sk_buff *skb,
>
> features &= ~(NETIF_F_SG | NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM | NETIF_F_TSO6);
> segs = skb_gso_segment(skb, features);
> - if (IS_ERR(segs) || !segs)
> + if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(segs))
> goto drop;
>
> __skb_queue_head_init(&seg_list);
>
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 00/61] treewide: Use IS_ERR_OR_NULL over manual NULL check - refactor
From: James Bottomley @ 2026-03-12 15:32 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Jason Gunthorpe, Kuan-Wei Chiu
Cc: Philipp Hahn, amd-gfx, apparmor, bpf, ceph-devel, cocci, dm-devel,
dri-devel, gfs2, intel-gfx, intel-wired-lan, iommu, kvm,
linux-arm-kernel, linux-block, linux-bluetooth, linux-btrfs,
linux-cifs, linux-clk, linux-erofs, linux-ext4, linux-fsdevel,
linux-gpio, linux-hyperv, linux-input, linux-kernel, linux-leds,
linux-media, linux-mips, linux-mm, linux-modules, linux-mtd,
linux-nfs, linux-omap, linux-phy, linux-pm, linux-rockchip,
linux-s390, linux-scsi, linux-sctp, linux-security-module,
linux-sh, linux-sound, linux-stm32, linux-trace-kernel, linux-usb,
linux-wireless, netdev, ntfs3, samba-technical, sched-ext,
target-devel, tipc-discussion, v9fs
In-Reply-To: <20260312125730.GI1469476@ziepe.ca>
On Thu, 2026-03-12 at 09:57 -0300, Jason Gunthorpe wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 11, 2026 at 02:40:36AM +0800, Kuan-Wei Chiu wrote:
>
> > IMHO, the necessity of IS_ERR_OR_NULL() often highlights a
> > confusing or flawed API design. It usually implies that the caller
> > is unsure whether a failure results in an error pointer or a NULL
> > pointer.
>
> +1
>
> IS_ERR_OR_NULL() should always be looked on with suspicion. Very
> little should be returning some tri-state 'ERR' 'NULL' 'SUCCESS'
> pointer. What does the middle condition even mean? IS_ERR_OR_NULL()
> implies ERR and NULL are semanticly the same, so fix the things to
> always use ERR.
Not in any way supporting the original patch. However, the pattern
ERR, NULL, PTR is used extensively in the dentry code of filesystems.
See the try_lookup..() set of functions in fs/namei.c
The meaning is
PTR - I found it
NULL - It definitely doesn't exist
ERR - something went wrong during the lookup.
So I don't think you can blanket say this pattern is wrong.
Regards,
James
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 00/61] treewide: Use IS_ERR_OR_NULL over manual NULL check - refactor
From: Jason Gunthorpe @ 2026-03-12 12:57 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Kuan-Wei Chiu
Cc: Philipp Hahn, amd-gfx, apparmor, bpf, ceph-devel, cocci, dm-devel,
dri-devel, gfs2, intel-gfx, intel-wired-lan, iommu, kvm,
linux-arm-kernel, linux-block, linux-bluetooth, linux-btrfs,
linux-cifs, linux-clk, linux-erofs, linux-ext4, linux-fsdevel,
linux-gpio, linux-hyperv, linux-input, linux-kernel, linux-leds,
linux-media, linux-mips, linux-mm, linux-modules, linux-mtd,
linux-nfs, linux-omap, linux-phy, linux-pm, linux-rockchip,
linux-s390, linux-scsi, linux-sctp, linux-security-module,
linux-sh, linux-sound, linux-stm32, linux-trace-kernel, linux-usb,
linux-wireless, netdev, ntfs3, samba-technical, sched-ext,
target-devel, tipc-discussion, v9fs
In-Reply-To: <abBlpGKO842B3yl9@google.com>
On Wed, Mar 11, 2026 at 02:40:36AM +0800, Kuan-Wei Chiu wrote:
> IMHO, the necessity of IS_ERR_OR_NULL() often highlights a confusing or
> flawed API design. It usually implies that the caller is unsure whether
> a failure results in an error pointer or a NULL pointer.
+1
IS_ERR_OR_NULL() should always be looked on with suspicion. Very
little should be returning some tri-state 'ERR' 'NULL' 'SUCCESS'
pointer. What does the middle condition even mean? IS_ERR_OR_NULL()
implies ERR and NULL are semanticly the same, so fix the things to
always use ERR.
If you want to improve things work to get rid of the NULL checks this
script identifies. Remove ERR or NULL because only one can ever
happen, or fix the source to consistently return ERR.
Jason
^ permalink raw reply
* [PATCH v3 4/4] kallsyms: add KUnit tests for lineinfo feature
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-03-12 3:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Andrew Morton, Masahiro Yamada, Luis Chamberlain, Linus Torvalds,
Richard Weinberger, Juergen Gross, Geert Uytterhoeven,
James Bottomley
Cc: Jonathan Corbet, Nathan Chancellor, Nicolas Schier, Petr Pavlu,
Daniel Gomez, Greg KH, Petr Mladek, Steven Rostedt, Kees Cook,
Peter Zijlstra, Thorsten Leemhuis, Vlastimil Babka, Helge Deller,
Randy Dunlap, Laurent Pinchart, Vivian Wang, linux-kernel,
linux-kbuild, linux-modules, linux-doc, Sasha Levin
In-Reply-To: <20260312030649.674699-1-sashal@kernel.org>
Add a KUnit test module (CONFIG_LINEINFO_KUNIT_TEST) that verifies the
kallsyms lineinfo feature produces correct source file:line annotations
in stack traces.
Export sprint_backtrace() and sprint_backtrace_build_id() as GPL symbols
so the test module can exercise the backtrace APIs.
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
MAINTAINERS | 1 +
kernel/kallsyms.c | 2 +
lib/Kconfig.debug | 10 +
lib/tests/Makefile | 3 +
lib/tests/lineinfo_kunit.c | 813 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 files changed, 829 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 lib/tests/lineinfo_kunit.c
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 535e992ca5a20..118711f72b874 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -13733,6 +13733,7 @@ M: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
S: Maintained
F: Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
F: include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
+F: lib/tests/lineinfo_kunit.c
F: scripts/gen-mod-lineinfo.sh
F: scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms.c b/kernel/kallsyms.c
index 76e30cac3a277..e6f796d43dd70 100644
--- a/kernel/kallsyms.c
+++ b/kernel/kallsyms.c
@@ -625,6 +625,7 @@ int sprint_backtrace(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
{
return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, -1, 1, 0);
}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sprint_backtrace);
/**
* sprint_backtrace_build_id - Look up a backtrace symbol and return it in a text buffer
@@ -645,6 +646,7 @@ int sprint_backtrace_build_id(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
{
return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, -1, 1, 1);
}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sprint_backtrace_build_id);
/* To avoid using get_symbol_offset for every symbol, we carry prefix along. */
struct kallsym_iter {
diff --git a/lib/Kconfig.debug b/lib/Kconfig.debug
index 93f356d2b3d95..688bbcb3eaa62 100644
--- a/lib/Kconfig.debug
+++ b/lib/Kconfig.debug
@@ -3048,6 +3048,16 @@ config LONGEST_SYM_KUNIT_TEST
If unsure, say N.
+config LINEINFO_KUNIT_TEST
+ tristate "KUnit tests for kallsyms lineinfo" if !KUNIT_ALL_TESTS
+ depends on KUNIT && KALLSYMS_LINEINFO
+ default KUNIT_ALL_TESTS
+ help
+ KUnit tests for the kallsyms source line info feature.
+ Verifies that stack traces include correct (file.c:line) annotations.
+
+ If unsure, say N.
+
config HW_BREAKPOINT_KUNIT_TEST
bool "Test hw_breakpoint constraints accounting" if !KUNIT_ALL_TESTS
depends on HAVE_HW_BREAKPOINT
diff --git a/lib/tests/Makefile b/lib/tests/Makefile
index 05f74edbc62bf..c0d080e7fa123 100644
--- a/lib/tests/Makefile
+++ b/lib/tests/Makefile
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_LIVEUPDATE_TEST) += liveupdate.o
CFLAGS_longest_symbol_kunit.o += $(call cc-disable-warning, missing-prototypes)
obj-$(CONFIG_LONGEST_SYM_KUNIT_TEST) += longest_symbol_kunit.o
+CFLAGS_lineinfo_kunit.o += -fno-inline-functions-called-once
+obj-$(CONFIG_LINEINFO_KUNIT_TEST) += lineinfo_kunit.o
+
obj-$(CONFIG_MEMCPY_KUNIT_TEST) += memcpy_kunit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MIN_HEAP_KUNIT_TEST) += min_heap_kunit.o
CFLAGS_overflow_kunit.o = $(call cc-disable-warning, tautological-constant-out-of-range-compare)
diff --git a/lib/tests/lineinfo_kunit.c b/lib/tests/lineinfo_kunit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..81696fa0000aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/tests/lineinfo_kunit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * KUnit tests for kallsyms lineinfo (CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO).
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
+ *
+ * Verifies that sprint_symbol() and related APIs append correct
+ * " (file.c:NNN)" annotations to kernel symbol lookups.
+ *
+ * Build with: CONFIG_LINEINFO_KUNIT_TEST=m (or =y)
+ * Run with: ./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run lineinfo
+ */
+
+#include <kunit/test.h>
+#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/smp.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/mod_lineinfo.h>
+
+/* --------------- helpers --------------- */
+
+static char *alloc_sym_buf(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ return kunit_kzalloc(test, KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN, GFP_KERNEL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true if @buf contains a lineinfo annotation matching
+ * the pattern " (<path>:<digits>)".
+ *
+ * The path may be a full path like "lib/tests/lineinfo_kunit.c" or
+ * a shortened form from module lineinfo (e.g., just a directory name).
+ */
+static bool has_lineinfo(const char *buf)
+{
+ const char *p, *colon, *end;
+
+ p = strstr(buf, " (");
+ if (!p)
+ return false;
+ p += 2; /* skip " (" */
+
+ colon = strchr(p, ':');
+ if (!colon || colon == p)
+ return false;
+
+ /* After colon: one or more digits then ')' */
+ end = colon + 1;
+ if (*end < '0' || *end > '9')
+ return false;
+ while (*end >= '0' && *end <= '9')
+ end++;
+ return *end == ')';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extract line number from a lineinfo annotation.
+ * Returns 0 if not found.
+ */
+static unsigned int extract_line(const char *buf)
+{
+ const char *p, *colon;
+ unsigned int line = 0;
+
+ p = strstr(buf, " (");
+ if (!p)
+ return 0;
+
+ colon = strchr(p + 2, ':');
+ if (!colon)
+ return 0;
+
+ colon++;
+ while (*colon >= '0' && *colon <= '9') {
+ line = line * 10 + (*colon - '0');
+ colon++;
+ }
+ return line;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if the lineinfo annotation contains the given filename substring.
+ */
+static bool lineinfo_contains_file(const char *buf, const char *name)
+{
+ const char *p, *colon;
+
+ p = strstr(buf, " (");
+ if (!p)
+ return false;
+
+ colon = strchr(p + 2, ':');
+ if (!colon)
+ return false;
+
+ /* Search for @name between '(' and ':' */
+ return strnstr(p + 1, name, colon - p - 1) != NULL;
+}
+
+/* --------------- target functions --------------- */
+
+static noinline int lineinfo_target_normal(void)
+{
+ barrier();
+ return 42;
+}
+
+static noinline int lineinfo_target_short(void)
+{
+ barrier();
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static noinline int lineinfo_target_with_arg(int x)
+{
+ barrier();
+ return x + 1;
+}
+
+static noinline int lineinfo_target_many_lines(void)
+{
+ int a = 0;
+
+ barrier();
+ a += 1;
+ a += 2;
+ a += 3;
+ a += 4;
+ a += 5;
+ a += 6;
+ a += 7;
+ a += 8;
+ a += 9;
+ a += 10;
+ barrier();
+ return a;
+}
+
+static __always_inline int lineinfo_inline_helper(void)
+{
+ return 99;
+}
+
+static noinline int lineinfo_inline_caller(void)
+{
+ barrier();
+ return lineinfo_inline_helper();
+}
+
+/* 10-deep call chain */
+static noinline int lineinfo_chain_10(void) { barrier(); return 10; }
+static noinline int lineinfo_chain_9(void) { barrier(); return lineinfo_chain_10(); }
+static noinline int lineinfo_chain_8(void) { barrier(); return lineinfo_chain_9(); }
+static noinline int lineinfo_chain_7(void) { barrier(); return lineinfo_chain_8(); }
+static noinline int lineinfo_chain_6(void) { barrier(); return lineinfo_chain_7(); }
+static noinline int lineinfo_chain_5(void) { barrier(); return lineinfo_chain_6(); }
+static noinline int lineinfo_chain_4(void) { barrier(); return lineinfo_chain_5(); }
+static noinline int lineinfo_chain_3(void) { barrier(); return lineinfo_chain_4(); }
+static noinline int lineinfo_chain_2(void) { barrier(); return lineinfo_chain_3(); }
+static noinline int lineinfo_chain_1(void) { barrier(); return lineinfo_chain_2(); }
+
+/* --------------- Group A: Basic lineinfo presence --------------- */
+
+static void test_normal_function(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test,
+ lineinfo_contains_file(buf, "lineinfo_kunit.c"),
+ "Wrong file in: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_static_function(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_short;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_noinline_function(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_with_arg;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_inline_function(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_inline_caller;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo for inline caller in: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test,
+ lineinfo_contains_file(buf, "lineinfo_kunit.c"),
+ "Wrong file in: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_short_function(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_short;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo for short function in: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_many_lines_function(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_many_lines;
+ unsigned int line;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in: %s", buf);
+ line = extract_line(buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_GT_MSG(test, line, (unsigned int)0,
+ "Line number should be > 0 in: %s", buf);
+}
+
+/* --------------- Group B: Deep call chain --------------- */
+
+typedef int (*chain_fn_t)(void);
+
+static void test_deep_call_chain(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ static const chain_fn_t chain_fns[] = {
+ lineinfo_chain_1, lineinfo_chain_2,
+ lineinfo_chain_3, lineinfo_chain_4,
+ lineinfo_chain_5, lineinfo_chain_6,
+ lineinfo_chain_7, lineinfo_chain_8,
+ lineinfo_chain_9, lineinfo_chain_10,
+ };
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ int i, found = 0;
+
+ /* Call chain to prevent dead-code elimination */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, lineinfo_chain_1(), 10);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(chain_fns); i++) {
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)chain_fns[i];
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ if (has_lineinfo(buf))
+ found++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Not every tiny function gets DWARF line info (compiler may
+ * omit it for very small stubs), but at least some should.
+ */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_GT_MSG(test, found, 0,
+ "None of the 10 chain functions had lineinfo");
+}
+
+/* --------------- Group C: sprint_symbol API variants --------------- */
+
+static void test_sprint_symbol_format(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+
+ /* Should contain +0x and /0x for offset/size */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_NOT_NULL_MSG(test, strstr(buf, "+0x"),
+ "Missing offset in: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_NOT_NULL_MSG(test, strstr(buf, "/0x"),
+ "Missing size in: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_sprint_backtrace(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+
+ /* sprint_backtrace subtracts 1 internally to handle tail calls */
+ sprint_backtrace(buf, addr + 1);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in backtrace: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test,
+ lineinfo_contains_file(buf, "lineinfo_kunit.c"),
+ "Wrong file in backtrace: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_sprint_backtrace_build_id(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+
+ sprint_backtrace_build_id(buf, addr + 1);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in backtrace_build_id: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_sprint_symbol_no_offset(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+
+ sprint_symbol_no_offset(buf, addr);
+ /* No "+0x" in output */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_NULL_MSG(test, strstr(buf, "+0x"),
+ "Unexpected offset in no_offset: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in no_offset: %s", buf);
+}
+
+/* --------------- Group D: printk format specifiers --------------- */
+
+static void test_pS_format(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ void *addr = lineinfo_target_normal;
+
+ snprintf(buf, KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN, "%pS", addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in %%pS: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_pBb_format(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ /*
+ * %pBb uses sprint_backtrace_build_id which subtracts 1 from the
+ * address, so pass addr+1 to resolve back to the function.
+ */
+ void *addr = (void *)((unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal + 1);
+
+ snprintf(buf, KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN, "%pBb", addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in %%pBb: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_pSR_format(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ void *addr = lineinfo_target_normal;
+
+ snprintf(buf, KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN, "%pSR", addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in %%pSR: %s", buf);
+}
+
+/* --------------- Group E: Address edge cases --------------- */
+
+static void test_symbol_start_addr(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_NOT_NULL_MSG(test, strstr(buf, "+0x0/"),
+ "Expected +0x0/ at function start: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo at function start: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_symbol_nonzero_offset(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+
+ /*
+ * sprint_backtrace subtracts 1 internally.
+ * Passing addr+2 resolves to addr+1 which is inside the function
+ * at a non-zero offset.
+ */
+ sprint_backtrace(buf, addr + 2);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test,
+ strnstr(buf, "lineinfo_target_normal",
+ KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN) != NULL,
+ "Didn't resolve to expected function: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo at non-zero offset: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_unknown_address(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, 1UL);
+ /* Should be "0x1" with no lineinfo */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_NOT_NULL_MSG(test, strstr(buf, "0x1"),
+ "Expected hex address for bogus addr: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "Unexpected lineinfo for bogus addr: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_kernel_function_lineinfo(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)sprint_symbol;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo for sprint_symbol: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test,
+ lineinfo_contains_file(buf, "kallsyms.c"),
+ "Expected kallsyms.c in: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_assembly_no_lineinfo(struct kunit *test)
+{
+#if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_LINEINFO_KUNIT_TEST)
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)_text;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ /*
+ * _text is typically an asm entry point with no DWARF line info.
+ * If it has lineinfo, it's a C-based entry — skip in that case.
+ */
+ if (has_lineinfo(buf))
+ kunit_skip(test, "_text has lineinfo (C entry?): %s", buf);
+
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "Unexpected lineinfo for asm symbol: %s", buf);
+#else
+ kunit_skip(test, "_text not accessible from modules");
+#endif
+}
+
+/* --------------- Group F: Module path --------------- */
+
+static void test_module_function_lineinfo(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+
+ if (!IS_MODULE(CONFIG_LINEINFO_KUNIT_TEST)) {
+ kunit_skip(test, "Test only meaningful when built as module");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_NOT_NULL_MSG(test,
+ strstr(buf, "[lineinfo_kunit"),
+ "Missing module name in: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo for module function: %s", buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test,
+ lineinfo_contains_file(buf, "lineinfo_kunit.c"),
+ "Wrong file for module function: %s", buf);
+}
+
+/* --------------- Group G: Stress --------------- */
+
+struct lineinfo_stress_data {
+ unsigned long addr;
+ atomic_t failures;
+};
+
+static void lineinfo_stress_fn(void *info)
+{
+ struct lineinfo_stress_data *data = info;
+ char buf[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+ sprint_symbol(buf, data->addr);
+ if (!has_lineinfo(buf))
+ atomic_inc(&data->failures);
+ }
+}
+
+static void test_concurrent_sprint_symbol(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ struct lineinfo_stress_data data;
+
+ data.addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+ atomic_set(&data.failures, 0);
+
+ on_each_cpu(lineinfo_stress_fn, &data, 1);
+
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ_MSG(test, atomic_read(&data.failures), 0,
+ "Concurrent lineinfo failures detected");
+}
+
+static void test_rapid_sprint_symbol(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+ int i, failures = 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ if (!has_lineinfo(buf))
+ failures++;
+ }
+
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ_MSG(test, failures, 0,
+ "Rapid sprint_symbol failures: %d/1000", failures);
+}
+
+/* --------------- Group H: Safety and plausibility --------------- */
+
+static void test_line_number_plausible(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+ unsigned int line;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE(test, has_lineinfo(buf));
+
+ line = extract_line(buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_GT_MSG(test, line, (unsigned int)0,
+ "Line number should be > 0");
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_LT_MSG(test, line, (unsigned int)10000,
+ "Line number %u implausibly large for this file",
+ line);
+}
+
+static void test_buffer_no_overflow(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ const size_t canary_size = 16;
+ char *buf;
+ int i;
+
+ buf = kunit_kzalloc(test, KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN + canary_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(test, buf);
+
+ /* Fill canary area past KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN with 0xAA */
+ memset(buf + KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN, 0xAA, canary_size);
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal);
+
+ /* Verify canary bytes are untouched */
+ for (i = 0; i < canary_size; i++) {
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ_MSG(test,
+ (unsigned char)buf[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN + i],
+ (unsigned char)0xAA,
+ "Buffer overflow at offset %d past KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN",
+ i);
+ }
+}
+
+static void test_dump_stack_no_crash(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ /* Just verify dump_stack() completes without panic */
+ dump_stack();
+ KUNIT_SUCCEED(test);
+}
+
+static void test_sprint_symbol_build_id(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+
+ sprint_symbol_build_id(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, has_lineinfo(buf),
+ "No lineinfo in sprint_symbol_build_id: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static void test_sleb128_edge_cases(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ u32 pos;
+ int32_t result;
+
+ /* Value 0: single byte 0x00 */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0x00 };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_sleb128(data, &pos, sizeof(data));
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, result, (int32_t)0);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, pos, (u32)1);
+ }
+
+ /* Value -1: single byte 0x7F */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0x7f };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_sleb128(data, &pos, sizeof(data));
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, result, (int32_t)-1);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, pos, (u32)1);
+ }
+
+ /* Value 1: single byte 0x01 */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0x01 };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_sleb128(data, &pos, sizeof(data));
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, result, (int32_t)1);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, pos, (u32)1);
+ }
+
+ /* Value -64: single byte 0x40 */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0x40 };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_sleb128(data, &pos, sizeof(data));
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, result, (int32_t)-64);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, pos, (u32)1);
+ }
+
+ /* Value 63: single byte 0x3F */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0x3f };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_sleb128(data, &pos, sizeof(data));
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, result, (int32_t)63);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, pos, (u32)1);
+ }
+
+ /* Value -128: two bytes 0x80 0x7F */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0x80, 0x7f };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_sleb128(data, &pos, sizeof(data));
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, result, (int32_t)-128);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, pos, (u32)2);
+ }
+}
+
+static void test_uleb128_edge_cases(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ u32 pos, result;
+
+ /* Value 0: single byte 0x00 */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0x00 };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_uleb128(data, &pos, sizeof(data));
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, result, (u32)0);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, pos, (u32)1);
+ }
+
+ /* Value 127: single byte 0x7F */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0x7F };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_uleb128(data, &pos, sizeof(data));
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, result, (u32)127);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, pos, (u32)1);
+ }
+
+ /* Value 128: two bytes 0x80 0x01 */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0x80, 0x01 };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_uleb128(data, &pos, sizeof(data));
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, result, (u32)128);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, pos, (u32)2);
+ }
+
+ /* Max u32 0xFFFFFFFF: 5 bytes */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0F };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_uleb128(data, &pos, sizeof(data));
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, result, (u32)0xFFFFFFFF);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, pos, (u32)5);
+ }
+
+ /* Truncated input: pos >= end returns 0 */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0x80 };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_uleb128(data, &pos, 0);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ_MSG(test, result, (u32)0,
+ "Expected 0 for empty input");
+ }
+
+ /* Truncated mid-varint: continuation byte but end reached */
+ {
+ static const u8 data[] = { 0x80 };
+
+ pos = 0;
+ result = lineinfo_read_uleb128(data, &pos, 1);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ_MSG(test, result, (u32)0,
+ "Expected 0 for truncated varint");
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, pos, (u32)1);
+ }
+}
+
+static void test_line_number_accuracy(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_normal;
+ unsigned int line;
+
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE(test, has_lineinfo(buf));
+
+ line = extract_line(buf);
+
+ /*
+ * lineinfo_target_normal is defined around line 103-107.
+ * Allow wide range: KASAN instrumentation and module lineinfo
+ * address mapping can shift the reported line significantly.
+ */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_GE_MSG(test, line, (unsigned int)50,
+ "Line %u too low for lineinfo_target_normal", line);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_LE_MSG(test, line, (unsigned int)300,
+ "Line %u too high for lineinfo_target_normal", line);
+}
+
+static void test_many_lines_mid_function(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ char *buf = alloc_sym_buf(test);
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)lineinfo_target_many_lines;
+ unsigned int line;
+ unsigned long mid_addr;
+
+ /* Get function size from sprint_symbol output */
+ sprint_symbol(buf, addr);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE(test, has_lineinfo(buf));
+
+ /* Try an address 8 bytes into the function (past prologue) */
+ mid_addr = addr + 8;
+ sprint_symbol(buf, mid_addr);
+
+ /*
+ * Should still resolve to lineinfo_target_many_lines.
+ * Lineinfo should be present with a plausible line number.
+ */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test,
+ strnstr(buf, "lineinfo_target_many_lines",
+ KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN) != NULL,
+ "Mid-function addr resolved to wrong symbol: %s",
+ buf);
+ if (has_lineinfo(buf)) {
+ line = extract_line(buf);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_GE_MSG(test, line, (unsigned int)50,
+ "Line %u too low for mid-function", line);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_LE_MSG(test, line, (unsigned int)700,
+ "Line %u too high for mid-function", line);
+ }
+}
+
+/* --------------- Suite registration --------------- */
+
+static struct kunit_case lineinfo_test_cases[] = {
+ /* Group A: Basic lineinfo presence */
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_normal_function),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_static_function),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_noinline_function),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_inline_function),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_short_function),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_many_lines_function),
+ /* Group B: Deep call chain */
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_deep_call_chain),
+ /* Group C: sprint_symbol API variants */
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_sprint_symbol_format),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_sprint_backtrace),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_sprint_backtrace_build_id),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_sprint_symbol_no_offset),
+ /* Group D: printk format specifiers */
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_pS_format),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_pBb_format),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_pSR_format),
+ /* Group E: Address edge cases */
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_symbol_start_addr),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_symbol_nonzero_offset),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_unknown_address),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_kernel_function_lineinfo),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_assembly_no_lineinfo),
+ /* Group F: Module path */
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_module_function_lineinfo),
+ /* Group G: Stress */
+ KUNIT_CASE_SLOW(test_concurrent_sprint_symbol),
+ KUNIT_CASE_SLOW(test_rapid_sprint_symbol),
+ /* Group H: Safety and plausibility */
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_line_number_plausible),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_buffer_no_overflow),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_dump_stack_no_crash),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_sprint_symbol_build_id),
+ /* Group I: Encoding/decoding and accuracy */
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_sleb128_edge_cases),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_uleb128_edge_cases),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_line_number_accuracy),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_many_lines_mid_function),
+ {}
+};
+
+static struct kunit_suite lineinfo_test_suite = {
+ .name = "lineinfo",
+ .test_cases = lineinfo_test_cases,
+};
+kunit_test_suites(&lineinfo_test_suite);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("KUnit tests for kallsyms lineinfo");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Sasha Levin");
--
2.51.0
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH v3 3/4] kallsyms: delta-compress lineinfo tables for ~2.7x size reduction
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-03-12 3:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Andrew Morton, Masahiro Yamada, Luis Chamberlain, Linus Torvalds,
Richard Weinberger, Juergen Gross, Geert Uytterhoeven,
James Bottomley
Cc: Jonathan Corbet, Nathan Chancellor, Nicolas Schier, Petr Pavlu,
Daniel Gomez, Greg KH, Petr Mladek, Steven Rostedt, Kees Cook,
Peter Zijlstra, Thorsten Leemhuis, Vlastimil Babka, Helge Deller,
Randy Dunlap, Laurent Pinchart, Vivian Wang, linux-kernel,
linux-kbuild, linux-modules, linux-doc, Sasha Levin
In-Reply-To: <20260312030649.674699-1-sashal@kernel.org>
Replace the flat uncompressed parallel arrays (lineinfo_addrs[],
lineinfo_file_ids[], lineinfo_lines[]) with a block-indexed,
delta-encoded, ULEB128 varint compressed format.
The sorted address array has small deltas between consecutive entries
(typically 1-50 bytes), file IDs have high locality (delta often 0,
same file), and line numbers change slowly. Delta-encoding followed
by ULEB128 varint compression shrinks most values from 4 bytes to 1.
Entries are grouped into blocks of 64. A small uncompressed block
index (first addr + byte offset per block) enables O(log(N/64)) binary
search, followed by sequential decode of at most 64 varints within the
matching block. All decode state lives on the stack -- zero
allocations, still safe for NMI/panic context.
Measured on a defconfig+debug x86_64 build (3,017,154 entries, 4,822
source files, 47,144 blocks):
Before (flat arrays):
lineinfo_addrs[] 12,068,616 bytes (u32 x 3.0M)
lineinfo_file_ids[] 6,034,308 bytes (u16 x 3.0M)
lineinfo_lines[] 12,068,616 bytes (u32 x 3.0M)
Total: 30,171,540 bytes (28.8 MiB, 10.0 bytes/entry)
After (block-indexed delta + ULEB128):
lineinfo_block_addrs[] 188,576 bytes (184 KiB)
lineinfo_block_offsets[] 188,576 bytes (184 KiB)
lineinfo_data[] 10,926,128 bytes (10.4 MiB)
Total: 11,303,280 bytes (10.8 MiB, 3.7 bytes/entry)
Savings: 18.0 MiB (2.7x reduction)
Booted in QEMU and verified with SysRq-l that annotations still work:
default_idle+0x9/0x10 (arch/x86/kernel/process.c:767)
default_idle_call+0x6c/0xb0 (kernel/sched/idle.c:122)
do_idle+0x335/0x490 (kernel/sched/idle.c:191)
cpu_startup_entry+0x4e/0x60 (kernel/sched/idle.c:429)
rest_init+0x1aa/0x1b0 (init/main.c:760)
Suggested-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
.../admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst | 7 +-
include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h | 227 ++++++++++++++++--
init/Kconfig | 8 +-
kernel/kallsyms.c | 46 ++--
kernel/kallsyms_internal.h | 8 +-
kernel/module/kallsyms.c | 77 +++---
scripts/empty_lineinfo.S | 20 +-
scripts/gen_lineinfo.c | 189 +++++++++------
scripts/kallsyms.c | 7 +-
9 files changed, 400 insertions(+), 189 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
index 5cae995eb118e..dd264830c8d5b 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
@@ -76,10 +76,11 @@ Memory Overhead
===============
The vmlinux lineinfo tables are stored in ``.rodata`` and typically add
-approximately 44 MiB to the kernel image for a standard configuration
-(~4.6 million DWARF line entries, ~10 bytes per entry after deduplication).
+approximately 10-15 MiB to the kernel image for a standard configuration
+(~4.6 million DWARF line entries, ~2-3 bytes per entry after delta
+compression).
-Per-module lineinfo adds approximately 10 bytes per DWARF line entry to each
+Per-module lineinfo adds approximately 2-3 bytes per DWARF line entry to each
``.ko`` file.
Known Limitations
diff --git a/include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h b/include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
index d62e9608f0f82..364e5d81fe5bb 100644
--- a/include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
+++ b/include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
@@ -8,13 +8,23 @@
*
* Section layout (all values in target-native endianness):
*
- * struct mod_lineinfo_header (16 bytes)
- * u32 addrs[num_entries] -- offsets from .text base, sorted
- * u16 file_ids[num_entries] -- parallel to addrs
- * <2-byte pad if num_entries is odd>
- * u32 lines[num_entries] -- parallel to addrs
+ * struct mod_lineinfo_header
+ * u32 block_addrs[num_blocks] -- first addr per block, for binary search
+ * u32 block_offsets[num_blocks] -- byte offset into compressed data stream
+ * u8 data[data_size] -- LEB128 delta-compressed entries
* u32 file_offsets[num_files] -- byte offset into filenames[]
* char filenames[filenames_size] -- concatenated NUL-terminated strings
+ *
+ * Each sub-array is located by an explicit (offset, size) pair in the
+ * header, similar to a flattened devicetree. This makes bounds checking
+ * straightforward: validate offset + size <= section_size for each array.
+ *
+ * Compressed stream format (per block of LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES entries):
+ * Entry 0: file_id (ULEB128), line (ULEB128)
+ * addr is in block_addrs[]
+ * Entry 1..N: addr_delta (ULEB128),
+ * file_id_delta (SLEB128),
+ * line_delta (SLEB128)
*/
#ifndef _LINUX_MOD_LINEINFO_H
#define _LINUX_MOD_LINEINFO_H
@@ -25,44 +35,209 @@
#include <stdint.h>
typedef uint32_t u32;
typedef uint16_t u16;
+typedef uint8_t u8;
#endif
+#define LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES 64
+
struct mod_lineinfo_header {
u32 num_entries;
+ u32 num_blocks;
u32 num_files;
- u32 filenames_size; /* total bytes of concatenated filenames */
- u32 reserved; /* padding, must be 0 */
+ u32 blocks_offset; /* offset to block_addrs[] from section start */
+ u32 blocks_size; /* bytes: num_blocks * 2 * sizeof(u32) */
+ u32 data_offset; /* offset to compressed stream */
+ u32 data_size; /* bytes of compressed data */
+ u32 files_offset; /* offset to file_offsets[] */
+ u32 files_size; /* bytes: num_files * sizeof(u32) */
+ u32 filenames_offset;
+ u32 filenames_size;
+ u32 reserved; /* must be 0 */
};
-/* Offset helpers: compute byte offset from start of section to each array */
+/*
+ * Descriptor for a lineinfo table, used by the shared lookup function.
+ * Callers populate this from either linker globals (vmlinux) or a
+ * validated mod_lineinfo_header (modules).
+ */
+struct lineinfo_table {
+ const u32 *blk_addrs;
+ const u32 *blk_offsets;
+ const u8 *data;
+ u32 data_size;
+ const u32 *file_offsets;
+ const char *filenames;
+ u32 num_entries;
+ u32 num_blocks;
+ u32 num_files;
+ u32 filenames_size;
+};
-static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_addrs_off(void)
+/*
+ * Read a ULEB128 varint from a byte stream.
+ * Returns the decoded value and advances *pos past the encoded bytes.
+ * If *pos would exceed 'end', returns 0 and sets *pos = end (safe for
+ * NMI/panic context: no crash, just a missed annotation).
+ */
+static inline u32 lineinfo_read_uleb128(const u8 *data, u32 *pos, u32 end)
{
- return sizeof(struct mod_lineinfo_header);
-}
+ u32 result = 0;
+ unsigned int shift = 0;
-static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_file_ids_off(u32 num_entries)
-{
- return mod_lineinfo_addrs_off() + num_entries * sizeof(u32);
+ while (*pos < end) {
+ u8 byte = data[*pos];
+ (*pos)++;
+ result |= (u32)(byte & 0x7f) << shift;
+ if (!(byte & 0x80))
+ return result;
+ shift += 7;
+ if (shift >= 32) {
+ /* Malformed: skip remaining continuation bytes */
+ while (*pos < end && (data[*pos] & 0x80))
+ (*pos)++;
+ if (*pos < end)
+ (*pos)++;
+ return result;
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
}
-static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_lines_off(u32 num_entries)
+/* Read an SLEB128 varint. Same safety guarantees as above. */
+static inline int32_t lineinfo_read_sleb128(const u8 *data, u32 *pos, u32 end)
{
- /* u16 file_ids[] may need 2-byte padding to align lines[] to 4 bytes */
- u32 off = mod_lineinfo_file_ids_off(num_entries) +
- num_entries * sizeof(u16);
- return (off + 3) & ~3u;
-}
+ int32_t result = 0;
+ unsigned int shift = 0;
+ u8 byte = 0;
-static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_file_offsets_off(u32 num_entries)
-{
- return mod_lineinfo_lines_off(num_entries) + num_entries * sizeof(u32);
+ while (*pos < end) {
+ byte = data[*pos];
+ (*pos)++;
+ result |= (int32_t)(byte & 0x7f) << shift;
+ shift += 7;
+ if (!(byte & 0x80))
+ break;
+ if (shift >= 32) {
+ while (*pos < end && (data[*pos] & 0x80))
+ (*pos)++;
+ if (*pos < end)
+ (*pos)++;
+ return result;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Sign-extend if the high bit of the last byte was set */
+ if (shift < 32 && (byte & 0x40))
+ result |= -(1 << shift);
+
+ return result;
}
-static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_filenames_off(u32 num_entries, u32 num_files)
+/*
+ * Search a lineinfo table for the source file and line corresponding to a
+ * given offset (from _text for vmlinux, from .text base for modules).
+ *
+ * Safe for NMI and panic context: no locks, no allocations, all state on stack.
+ * Returns true and sets @file and @line on success; false on any failure.
+ */
+static inline bool lineinfo_search(const struct lineinfo_table *tbl,
+ unsigned int offset,
+ const char **file, unsigned int *line)
{
- return mod_lineinfo_file_offsets_off(num_entries) +
- num_files * sizeof(u32);
+ unsigned int low, high, mid, block;
+ unsigned int cur_addr, cur_file_id, cur_line;
+ unsigned int best_file_id = 0, best_line = 0;
+ unsigned int block_entries, data_end;
+ bool found = false;
+ u32 pos;
+
+ if (!tbl->num_entries || !tbl->num_blocks)
+ return false;
+
+ /* Binary search on blk_addrs[] to find the right block */
+ low = 0;
+ high = tbl->num_blocks;
+ while (low < high) {
+ mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
+ if (tbl->blk_addrs[mid] <= offset)
+ low = mid + 1;
+ else
+ high = mid;
+ }
+
+ if (low == 0)
+ return false;
+ block = low - 1;
+
+ /* How many entries in this block? */
+ block_entries = LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES;
+ if (block == tbl->num_blocks - 1) {
+ unsigned int remaining = tbl->num_entries -
+ block * LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES;
+
+ if (remaining < block_entries)
+ block_entries = remaining;
+ }
+
+ /* Determine end of this block's data in the compressed stream */
+ if (block + 1 < tbl->num_blocks)
+ data_end = tbl->blk_offsets[block + 1];
+ else
+ data_end = tbl->data_size;
+
+ /* Clamp data_end to actual data size */
+ if (data_end > tbl->data_size)
+ data_end = tbl->data_size;
+
+ /* Decode entry 0: addr from blk_addrs, file_id and line from stream */
+ pos = tbl->blk_offsets[block];
+ if (pos >= data_end)
+ return false;
+
+ cur_addr = tbl->blk_addrs[block];
+ cur_file_id = lineinfo_read_uleb128(tbl->data, &pos, data_end);
+ cur_line = lineinfo_read_uleb128(tbl->data, &pos, data_end);
+
+ /* Check entry 0 */
+ if (cur_addr <= offset) {
+ best_file_id = cur_file_id;
+ best_line = cur_line;
+ found = true;
+ }
+
+ /* Decode entries 1..N */
+ for (unsigned int i = 1; i < block_entries; i++) {
+ unsigned int addr_delta;
+ int32_t file_delta, line_delta;
+
+ addr_delta = lineinfo_read_uleb128(tbl->data, &pos, data_end);
+ file_delta = lineinfo_read_sleb128(tbl->data, &pos, data_end);
+ line_delta = lineinfo_read_sleb128(tbl->data, &pos, data_end);
+
+ cur_addr += addr_delta;
+ cur_file_id = (unsigned int)((int32_t)cur_file_id + file_delta);
+ cur_line = (unsigned int)((int32_t)cur_line + line_delta);
+
+ if (cur_addr > offset)
+ break;
+
+ best_file_id = cur_file_id;
+ best_line = cur_line;
+ found = true;
+ }
+
+ if (!found)
+ return false;
+
+ if (best_file_id >= tbl->num_files)
+ return false;
+
+ if (tbl->file_offsets[best_file_id] >= tbl->filenames_size)
+ return false;
+
+ *file = &tbl->filenames[tbl->file_offsets[best_file_id]];
+ *line = best_line;
+ return true;
}
#endif /* _LINUX_MOD_LINEINFO_H */
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index bf53275bc405a..6e3795b3dbd62 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -2065,8 +2065,9 @@ config KALLSYMS_LINEINFO
anon_vma_clone+0x2ed/0xcf0 (mm/rmap.c:412)
This requires elfutils (libdw-dev/elfutils-devel) on the build host.
- Adds approximately 44MB to a typical kernel image (10 bytes per
- DWARF line-table entry, ~4.6M entries for a typical config).
+ Adds approximately 10-15MB to a typical kernel image (~2-3 bytes
+ per entry after delta compression, ~4.6M entries for a typical
+ config).
If unsure, say N.
@@ -2079,7 +2080,8 @@ config KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES
so stack traces from module code include (file.c:123) annotations.
Requires elfutils (libdw-dev/elfutils-devel) on the build host.
- Increases .ko sizes by approximately 10 bytes per DWARF line entry.
+ Increases .ko sizes by approximately 2-3 bytes per DWARF line
+ entry after delta compression.
If unsure, say N.
diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms.c b/kernel/kallsyms.c
index 9df92b0fd9041..76e30cac3a277 100644
--- a/kernel/kallsyms.c
+++ b/kernel/kallsyms.c
@@ -467,13 +467,16 @@ static int append_buildid(char *buffer, const char *modname,
#endif /* CONFIG_STACKTRACE_BUILD_ID */
+#include <linux/mod_lineinfo.h>
+
bool kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo(unsigned long addr,
const char **file, unsigned int *line)
{
+ struct lineinfo_table tbl;
unsigned long long raw_offset;
- unsigned int offset, low, high, mid, file_id;
- if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO) || !lineinfo_num_entries)
+ if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO) ||
+ !lineinfo_num_entries || !lineinfo_num_blocks)
return false;
/* Compute offset from _text */
@@ -483,34 +486,19 @@ bool kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo(unsigned long addr,
raw_offset = addr - (unsigned long)_text;
if (raw_offset > UINT_MAX)
return false;
- offset = (unsigned int)raw_offset;
-
- /* Binary search for largest entry <= offset */
- low = 0;
- high = lineinfo_num_entries;
- while (low < high) {
- mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
- if (lineinfo_addrs[mid] <= offset)
- low = mid + 1;
- else
- high = mid;
- }
-
- if (low == 0)
- return false;
- low--;
-
- file_id = lineinfo_file_ids[low];
- *line = lineinfo_lines[low];
-
- if (file_id >= lineinfo_num_files)
- return false;
-
- if (lineinfo_file_offsets[file_id] >= lineinfo_filenames_size)
- return false;
- *file = &lineinfo_filenames[lineinfo_file_offsets[file_id]];
- return true;
+ tbl.blk_addrs = lineinfo_block_addrs;
+ tbl.blk_offsets = lineinfo_block_offsets;
+ tbl.data = lineinfo_data;
+ tbl.data_size = lineinfo_data_size;
+ tbl.file_offsets = lineinfo_file_offsets;
+ tbl.filenames = lineinfo_filenames;
+ tbl.num_entries = lineinfo_num_entries;
+ tbl.num_blocks = lineinfo_num_blocks;
+ tbl.num_files = lineinfo_num_files;
+ tbl.filenames_size = lineinfo_filenames_size;
+
+ return lineinfo_search(&tbl, (unsigned int)raw_offset, file, line);
}
/* Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer. */
diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h b/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h
index d7374ce444d81..ffe4c658067ec 100644
--- a/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h
@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@ extern const unsigned int kallsyms_markers[];
extern const u8 kallsyms_seqs_of_names[];
extern const u32 lineinfo_num_entries;
-extern const u32 lineinfo_addrs[];
-extern const u16 lineinfo_file_ids[];
-extern const u32 lineinfo_lines[];
extern const u32 lineinfo_num_files;
+extern const u32 lineinfo_num_blocks;
+extern const u32 lineinfo_block_addrs[];
+extern const u32 lineinfo_block_offsets[];
+extern const u32 lineinfo_data_size;
+extern const u8 lineinfo_data[];
extern const u32 lineinfo_file_offsets[];
extern const u32 lineinfo_filenames_size;
extern const char lineinfo_filenames[];
diff --git a/kernel/module/kallsyms.c b/kernel/module/kallsyms.c
index 5b46293e957ab..743cf7033c37f 100644
--- a/kernel/module/kallsyms.c
+++ b/kernel/module/kallsyms.c
@@ -509,16 +509,11 @@ bool module_lookup_lineinfo(struct module *mod, unsigned long addr,
const char **file, unsigned int *line)
{
const struct mod_lineinfo_header *hdr;
+ struct lineinfo_table tbl;
const void *base;
- const u32 *addrs, *lines, *file_offsets;
- const u16 *file_ids;
- const char *filenames;
- u32 num_entries, num_files, filenames_size;
+ u32 section_size;
unsigned long text_base;
- unsigned int offset;
unsigned long long raw_offset;
- unsigned int low, high, mid;
- u16 file_id;
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES))
return false;
@@ -527,27 +522,30 @@ bool module_lookup_lineinfo(struct module *mod, unsigned long addr,
if (!base)
return false;
- if (mod->lineinfo_data_size < sizeof(*hdr))
+ section_size = mod->lineinfo_data_size;
+ if (section_size < sizeof(*hdr))
return false;
hdr = base;
- num_entries = hdr->num_entries;
- num_files = hdr->num_files;
- filenames_size = hdr->filenames_size;
- if (num_entries == 0)
+ if (hdr->num_entries == 0 || hdr->num_blocks == 0)
return false;
- /* Validate section is large enough for all arrays */
- if (mod->lineinfo_data_size <
- mod_lineinfo_filenames_off(num_entries, num_files) + filenames_size)
+ /* Validate each sub-array fits within the section */
+ if (hdr->blocks_offset + hdr->blocks_size > section_size)
+ return false;
+ if (hdr->data_offset + hdr->data_size > section_size)
+ return false;
+ if (hdr->files_offset + hdr->files_size > section_size)
+ return false;
+ if (hdr->filenames_offset + hdr->filenames_size > section_size)
return false;
- addrs = base + mod_lineinfo_addrs_off();
- file_ids = base + mod_lineinfo_file_ids_off(num_entries);
- lines = base + mod_lineinfo_lines_off(num_entries);
- file_offsets = base + mod_lineinfo_file_offsets_off(num_entries);
- filenames = base + mod_lineinfo_filenames_off(num_entries, num_files);
+ /* Validate array sizes match declared counts */
+ if (hdr->blocks_size < hdr->num_blocks * 2 * sizeof(u32))
+ return false;
+ if (hdr->files_size < hdr->num_files * sizeof(u32))
+ return false;
/* Compute offset from module .text base */
text_base = (unsigned long)mod->mem[MOD_TEXT].base;
@@ -557,31 +555,18 @@ bool module_lookup_lineinfo(struct module *mod, unsigned long addr,
raw_offset = addr - text_base;
if (raw_offset > UINT_MAX)
return false;
- offset = (unsigned int)raw_offset;
-
- /* Binary search for largest entry <= offset */
- low = 0;
- high = num_entries;
- while (low < high) {
- mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
- if (addrs[mid] <= offset)
- low = mid + 1;
- else
- high = mid;
- }
-
- if (low == 0)
- return false;
- low--;
-
- file_id = file_ids[low];
- if (file_id >= num_files)
- return false;
- if (file_offsets[file_id] >= filenames_size)
- return false;
-
- *file = &filenames[file_offsets[file_id]];
- *line = lines[low];
- return true;
+ tbl.blk_addrs = base + hdr->blocks_offset;
+ tbl.blk_offsets = base + hdr->blocks_offset +
+ hdr->num_blocks * sizeof(u32);
+ tbl.data = base + hdr->data_offset;
+ tbl.data_size = hdr->data_size;
+ tbl.file_offsets = base + hdr->files_offset;
+ tbl.filenames = base + hdr->filenames_offset;
+ tbl.num_entries = hdr->num_entries;
+ tbl.num_blocks = hdr->num_blocks;
+ tbl.num_files = hdr->num_files;
+ tbl.filenames_size = hdr->filenames_size;
+
+ return lineinfo_search(&tbl, (unsigned int)raw_offset, file, line);
}
diff --git a/scripts/empty_lineinfo.S b/scripts/empty_lineinfo.S
index e058c41137123..edd5b1092f050 100644
--- a/scripts/empty_lineinfo.S
+++ b/scripts/empty_lineinfo.S
@@ -14,12 +14,20 @@ lineinfo_num_entries:
.balign 4
lineinfo_num_files:
.long 0
- .globl lineinfo_addrs
-lineinfo_addrs:
- .globl lineinfo_file_ids
-lineinfo_file_ids:
- .globl lineinfo_lines
-lineinfo_lines:
+ .globl lineinfo_num_blocks
+ .balign 4
+lineinfo_num_blocks:
+ .long 0
+ .globl lineinfo_block_addrs
+lineinfo_block_addrs:
+ .globl lineinfo_block_offsets
+lineinfo_block_offsets:
+ .globl lineinfo_data_size
+ .balign 4
+lineinfo_data_size:
+ .long 0
+ .globl lineinfo_data
+lineinfo_data:
.globl lineinfo_file_offsets
lineinfo_file_offsets:
.globl lineinfo_filenames_size
diff --git a/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c b/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
index 5ced6897cbbee..fe46e2fa45d8a 100644
--- a/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
+++ b/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
@@ -550,6 +550,35 @@ static void deduplicate(void)
num_entries = j + 1;
}
+/*
+ * Emit the LEB128 delta-compressed data stream for one block.
+ * Uses .uleb128/.sleb128 assembler directives for encoding.
+ */
+static void emit_block_data(unsigned int block)
+{
+ unsigned int base = block * LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES;
+ unsigned int count = num_entries - base;
+
+ if (count > LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES)
+ count = LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES;
+
+ /* Entry 0: file_id, line (both unsigned) */
+ printf("\t.uleb128 %u\n", entries[base].file_id);
+ printf("\t.uleb128 %u\n", entries[base].line);
+
+ /* Entries 1..N: addr_delta (unsigned), file/line deltas (signed) */
+ for (unsigned int i = 1; i < count; i++) {
+ unsigned int idx = base + i;
+
+ printf("\t.uleb128 %u\n",
+ entries[idx].offset - entries[idx - 1].offset);
+ printf("\t.sleb128 %d\n",
+ (int)entries[idx].file_id - (int)entries[idx - 1].file_id);
+ printf("\t.sleb128 %d\n",
+ (int)entries[idx].line - (int)entries[idx - 1].line);
+ }
+}
+
static void compute_file_offsets(void)
{
unsigned int offset = 0;
@@ -573,6 +602,11 @@ static void print_escaped_asciz(const char *s)
static void output_assembly(void)
{
+ unsigned int num_blocks;
+
+ num_blocks = num_entries ?
+ (num_entries + LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES - 1) / LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES : 0;
+
printf("/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */\n");
printf("/*\n");
printf(" * Automatically generated by scripts/gen_lineinfo\n");
@@ -593,29 +627,40 @@ static void output_assembly(void)
printf("lineinfo_num_files:\n");
printf("\t.long %u\n\n", num_files);
- /* Sorted address offsets from _text */
- printf("\t.globl lineinfo_addrs\n");
+ /* Number of blocks */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_num_blocks\n");
+ printf("\t.balign 4\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_num_blocks:\n");
+ printf("\t.long %u\n\n", num_blocks);
+
+ /* Block first-addresses for binary search */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_block_addrs\n");
printf("\t.balign 4\n");
- printf("lineinfo_addrs:\n");
- for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
- printf("\t.long 0x%x\n", entries[i].offset);
- printf("\n");
-
- /* File IDs, parallel to addrs (u16 -- supports up to 65535 files) */
- printf("\t.globl lineinfo_file_ids\n");
- printf("\t.balign 2\n");
- printf("lineinfo_file_ids:\n");
- for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
- printf("\t.short %u\n", entries[i].file_id);
- printf("\n");
-
- /* Line numbers, parallel to addrs */
- printf("\t.globl lineinfo_lines\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_block_addrs:\n");
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
+ printf("\t.long 0x%x\n", entries[i * LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES].offset);
+
+ /* Block byte offsets into compressed stream */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_block_offsets\n");
printf("\t.balign 4\n");
- printf("lineinfo_lines:\n");
- for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
- printf("\t.long %u\n", entries[i].line);
- printf("\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_block_offsets:\n");
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
+ printf("\t.long .Lblock_%u - lineinfo_data\n", i);
+
+ /* Compressed data size */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_data_size\n");
+ printf("\t.balign 4\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_data_size:\n");
+ printf("\t.long .Ldata_end - lineinfo_data\n\n");
+
+ /* Compressed data stream */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_data\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_data:\n");
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
+ printf(".Lblock_%u:\n", i);
+ emit_block_data(i);
+ }
+ printf(".Ldata_end:\n\n");
/* File string offset table */
printf("\t.globl lineinfo_file_offsets\n");
@@ -623,34 +668,27 @@ static void output_assembly(void)
printf("lineinfo_file_offsets:\n");
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
printf("\t.long %u\n", files[i].str_offset);
- printf("\n");
/* Filenames size */
- {
- unsigned int fsize = 0;
-
- for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
- fsize += strlen(files[i].name) + 1;
- printf("\t.globl lineinfo_filenames_size\n");
- printf("\t.balign 4\n");
- printf("lineinfo_filenames_size:\n");
- printf("\t.long %u\n\n", fsize);
- }
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_filenames_size\n");
+ printf("\t.balign 4\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_filenames_size:\n");
+ printf("\t.long .Lfilenames_end - lineinfo_filenames\n\n");
/* Concatenated NUL-terminated filenames */
printf("\t.globl lineinfo_filenames\n");
printf("lineinfo_filenames:\n");
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
print_escaped_asciz(files[i].name);
- printf("\n");
+ printf(".Lfilenames_end:\n");
}
static void output_module_assembly(void)
{
- unsigned int filenames_size = 0;
+ unsigned int num_blocks;
- for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
- filenames_size += strlen(files[i].name) + 1;
+ num_blocks = num_entries ?
+ (num_entries + LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES - 1) / LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES : 0;
printf("/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */\n");
printf("/*\n");
@@ -660,46 +698,56 @@ static void output_module_assembly(void)
printf("\t.section .mod_lineinfo, \"a\"\n\n");
- /* Header: num_entries, num_files, filenames_size, reserved */
+ /*
+ * Header -- offsets and sizes are assembler expressions so the
+ * layout is self-describing without manual C arithmetic.
+ */
+ printf(".Lhdr:\n");
printf("\t.balign 4\n");
- printf("\t.long %u\n", num_entries);
- printf("\t.long %u\n", num_files);
- printf("\t.long %u\n", filenames_size);
- printf("\t.long 0\n\n");
-
- /* addrs[] */
- for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
- printf("\t.long 0x%x\n", entries[i].offset);
- if (num_entries)
- printf("\n");
-
- /* file_ids[] */
- for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
- printf("\t.short %u\n", entries[i].file_id);
-
- /* Padding to align lines[] to 4 bytes */
- if (num_entries & 1)
- printf("\t.short 0\n");
- if (num_entries)
- printf("\n");
-
- /* lines[] */
- for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
- printf("\t.long %u\n", entries[i].line);
- if (num_entries)
- printf("\n");
+ printf("\t.long %u\t\t\t\t/* num_entries */\n", num_entries);
+ printf("\t.long %u\t\t\t\t/* num_blocks */\n", num_blocks);
+ printf("\t.long %u\t\t\t\t/* num_files */\n", num_files);
+ printf("\t.long .Lblk_addrs - .Lhdr\t\t/* blocks_offset */\n");
+ printf("\t.long .Lblk_offsets_end - .Lblk_addrs\t/* blocks_size */\n");
+ printf("\t.long .Ldata - .Lhdr\t\t\t/* data_offset */\n");
+ printf("\t.long .Ldata_end - .Ldata\t\t/* data_size */\n");
+ printf("\t.long .Lfile_offsets - .Lhdr\t\t/* files_offset */\n");
+ printf("\t.long .Lfile_offsets_end - .Lfile_offsets /* files_size */\n");
+ printf("\t.long .Lfilenames - .Lhdr\t\t/* filenames_offset */\n");
+ printf("\t.long .Lfilenames_end - .Lfilenames\t/* filenames_size */\n");
+ printf("\t.long 0\t\t\t\t\t/* reserved */\n\n");
+
+ /* block_addrs[] */
+ printf(".Lblk_addrs:\n");
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
+ printf("\t.long 0x%x\n", entries[i * LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES].offset);
+
+ /* block_offsets[] */
+ printf(".Lblk_offsets:\n");
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
+ printf("\t.long .Lblock_%u - .Ldata\n", i);
+ printf(".Lblk_offsets_end:\n\n");
+
+ /* compressed data stream */
+ printf(".Ldata:\n");
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
+ printf(".Lblock_%u:\n", i);
+ emit_block_data(i);
+ }
+ printf(".Ldata_end:\n");
/* file_offsets[] */
+ printf("\t.balign 4\n");
+ printf(".Lfile_offsets:\n");
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
printf("\t.long %u\n", files[i].str_offset);
- if (num_files)
- printf("\n");
+ printf(".Lfile_offsets_end:\n\n");
/* filenames[] */
+ printf(".Lfilenames:\n");
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
print_escaped_asciz(files[i].name);
- if (num_files)
- printf("\n");
+ printf(".Lfilenames_end:\n");
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
@@ -779,8 +827,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
deduplicate();
compute_file_offsets();
- fprintf(stderr, "lineinfo: %u entries, %u files\n",
- num_entries, num_files);
+ fprintf(stderr, "lineinfo: %u entries, %u files, %u blocks\n",
+ num_entries, num_files,
+ num_entries ?
+ (num_entries + LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES - 1) / LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES : 0);
if (module_mode)
output_module_assembly();
@@ -796,6 +846,5 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
free(files[i].name);
free(files);
-
return 0;
}
diff --git a/scripts/kallsyms.c b/scripts/kallsyms.c
index 42662c4fbc6c9..94fbdad3df7c6 100644
--- a/scripts/kallsyms.c
+++ b/scripts/kallsyms.c
@@ -80,11 +80,12 @@ static bool is_ignored_symbol(const char *name, char type)
{
/* Ignore lineinfo symbols for kallsyms pass stability */
static const char * const lineinfo_syms[] = {
- "lineinfo_addrs",
- "lineinfo_file_ids",
+ "lineinfo_block_addrs",
+ "lineinfo_block_offsets",
+ "lineinfo_data",
"lineinfo_file_offsets",
"lineinfo_filenames",
- "lineinfo_lines",
+ "lineinfo_num_blocks",
"lineinfo_num_entries",
"lineinfo_num_files",
};
--
2.51.0
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH v3 2/4] kallsyms: extend lineinfo to loadable modules
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-03-12 3:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Andrew Morton, Masahiro Yamada, Luis Chamberlain, Linus Torvalds,
Richard Weinberger, Juergen Gross, Geert Uytterhoeven,
James Bottomley
Cc: Jonathan Corbet, Nathan Chancellor, Nicolas Schier, Petr Pavlu,
Daniel Gomez, Greg KH, Petr Mladek, Steven Rostedt, Kees Cook,
Peter Zijlstra, Thorsten Leemhuis, Vlastimil Babka, Helge Deller,
Randy Dunlap, Laurent Pinchart, Vivian Wang, linux-kernel,
linux-kbuild, linux-modules, linux-doc, Sasha Levin
In-Reply-To: <20260312030649.674699-1-sashal@kernel.org>
Add CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES, which extends the
CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO feature to loadable kernel modules.
At build time, each .ko is post-processed by scripts/gen-mod-lineinfo.sh
(modeled on gen-btf.sh) which runs scripts/gen_lineinfo --module on the
.ko, generates a .mod_lineinfo section containing a compact binary table
of .text-relative offsets, file IDs, line numbers, and filenames, and
embeds it back into the .ko via objcopy.
At runtime, module_lookup_lineinfo() performs a binary search on the
module's .mod_lineinfo section, and __sprint_symbol() calls it for
addresses that fall within a module. The lookup is NMI/panic-safe
(no locks, no allocations) — the data lives in read-only module memory
and is freed automatically when the module is unloaded.
The gen_lineinfo tool gains --module mode which:
- Uses .text section address as base (ET_REL files have no _text symbol)
- Filters entries to .text-only (excludes .init.text/.exit.text)
- Handles libdw's ET_REL path-doubling quirk in make_relative()
- Outputs a flat binary-format section instead of named global symbols
Per-module overhead is approximately 10 bytes per DWARF line entry.
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
.../admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst | 40 +-
MAINTAINERS | 2 +
include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h | 68 ++++
include/linux/module.h | 5 +
init/Kconfig | 13 +
kernel/kallsyms.c | 18 +-
kernel/module/kallsyms.c | 91 +++++
kernel/module/main.c | 3 +
scripts/Makefile | 1 +
scripts/Makefile.modfinal | 6 +
scripts/gen-mod-lineinfo.sh | 48 +++
scripts/gen_lineinfo.c | 349 ++++++++++++++++--
12 files changed, 604 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
create mode 100755 scripts/gen-mod-lineinfo.sh
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
index c8ec124394354..5cae995eb118e 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
@@ -51,22 +51,46 @@ With ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO``::
Note that assembly routines (such as ``entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe``) are
not annotated because they lack DWARF debug information.
+Module Support
+==============
+
+``CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES`` extends the feature to loadable kernel
+modules. When enabled, each ``.ko`` is post-processed at build time to embed
+a ``.mod_lineinfo`` section containing the same kind of address-to-source
+mapping.
+
+Enable in addition to the base options::
+
+ CONFIG_MODULES=y
+ CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES=y
+
+Stack traces from module code will then include annotations::
+
+ my_driver_func+0x30/0x100 [my_driver] (drivers/foo/bar.c:123)
+
+The ``.mod_lineinfo`` section is loaded into read-only module memory alongside
+the module text. No additional runtime memory allocation is required; the data
+is freed when the module is unloaded.
+
Memory Overhead
===============
-The lineinfo tables are stored in ``.rodata`` and typically add approximately
-44 MiB to the kernel image for a standard configuration (~4.6 million DWARF
-line entries, ~10 bytes per entry after deduplication).
+The vmlinux lineinfo tables are stored in ``.rodata`` and typically add
+approximately 44 MiB to the kernel image for a standard configuration
+(~4.6 million DWARF line entries, ~10 bytes per entry after deduplication).
+
+Per-module lineinfo adds approximately 10 bytes per DWARF line entry to each
+``.ko`` file.
Known Limitations
=================
-- **vmlinux only**: Only symbols in the core kernel image are annotated.
- Module symbols are not covered.
-- **4 GiB offset limit**: Address offsets from ``_text`` are stored as 32-bit
- values. Entries beyond 4 GiB from ``_text`` are skipped at build time with
- a warning.
+- **4 GiB offset limit**: Address offsets from ``_text`` (vmlinux) or
+ ``.text`` base (modules) are stored as 32-bit values. Entries beyond
+ 4 GiB are skipped at build time with a warning.
- **65535 file limit**: Source file IDs are stored as 16-bit values. Builds
with more than 65535 unique source files will fail with an error.
- **No assembly annotations**: Functions implemented in assembly that lack
DWARF ``.debug_line`` data are not annotated.
+- **No init text**: For modules, functions in ``.init.text`` are not annotated
+ because that memory is freed after module initialization.
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index f061e69b6e32a..535e992ca5a20 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -13732,6 +13732,8 @@ KALLSYMS LINEINFO
M: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
S: Maintained
F: Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
+F: include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
+F: scripts/gen-mod-lineinfo.sh
F: scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
KASAN
diff --git a/include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h b/include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d62e9608f0f82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * mod_lineinfo.h - Binary format for per-module source line information
+ *
+ * This header defines the layout of the .mod_lineinfo section embedded
+ * in loadable kernel modules. It is dual-use: included from both the
+ * kernel and the userspace gen_lineinfo tool.
+ *
+ * Section layout (all values in target-native endianness):
+ *
+ * struct mod_lineinfo_header (16 bytes)
+ * u32 addrs[num_entries] -- offsets from .text base, sorted
+ * u16 file_ids[num_entries] -- parallel to addrs
+ * <2-byte pad if num_entries is odd>
+ * u32 lines[num_entries] -- parallel to addrs
+ * u32 file_offsets[num_files] -- byte offset into filenames[]
+ * char filenames[filenames_size] -- concatenated NUL-terminated strings
+ */
+#ifndef _LINUX_MOD_LINEINFO_H
+#define _LINUX_MOD_LINEINFO_H
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>
+typedef uint32_t u32;
+typedef uint16_t u16;
+#endif
+
+struct mod_lineinfo_header {
+ u32 num_entries;
+ u32 num_files;
+ u32 filenames_size; /* total bytes of concatenated filenames */
+ u32 reserved; /* padding, must be 0 */
+};
+
+/* Offset helpers: compute byte offset from start of section to each array */
+
+static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_addrs_off(void)
+{
+ return sizeof(struct mod_lineinfo_header);
+}
+
+static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_file_ids_off(u32 num_entries)
+{
+ return mod_lineinfo_addrs_off() + num_entries * sizeof(u32);
+}
+
+static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_lines_off(u32 num_entries)
+{
+ /* u16 file_ids[] may need 2-byte padding to align lines[] to 4 bytes */
+ u32 off = mod_lineinfo_file_ids_off(num_entries) +
+ num_entries * sizeof(u16);
+ return (off + 3) & ~3u;
+}
+
+static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_file_offsets_off(u32 num_entries)
+{
+ return mod_lineinfo_lines_off(num_entries) + num_entries * sizeof(u32);
+}
+
+static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_filenames_off(u32 num_entries, u32 num_files)
+{
+ return mod_lineinfo_file_offsets_off(num_entries) +
+ num_files * sizeof(u32);
+}
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_MOD_LINEINFO_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/module.h b/include/linux/module.h
index 14f391b186c6d..d23e0cd9c7210 100644
--- a/include/linux/module.h
+++ b/include/linux/module.h
@@ -508,6 +508,8 @@ struct module {
void *btf_data;
void *btf_base_data;
#endif
+ void *lineinfo_data; /* .mod_lineinfo section in MOD_RODATA */
+ unsigned int lineinfo_data_size;
#ifdef CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL
struct jump_entry *jump_entries;
unsigned int num_jump_entries;
@@ -1021,6 +1023,9 @@ static inline unsigned long find_kallsyms_symbol_value(struct module *mod,
#endif /* CONFIG_MODULES && CONFIG_KALLSYMS */
+bool module_lookup_lineinfo(struct module *mod, unsigned long addr,
+ const char **file, unsigned int *line);
+
/* Define __free(module_put) macro for struct module *. */
DEFINE_FREE(module_put, struct module *, if (_T) module_put(_T))
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index c39f27e6393a8..bf53275bc405a 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -2070,6 +2070,19 @@ config KALLSYMS_LINEINFO
If unsure, say N.
+config KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES
+ bool "Embed source file:line information in module stack traces"
+ depends on KALLSYMS_LINEINFO && MODULES
+ help
+ Extends KALLSYMS_LINEINFO to loadable kernel modules. Each .ko
+ gets a lineinfo table generated from its DWARF data at build time,
+ so stack traces from module code include (file.c:123) annotations.
+
+ Requires elfutils (libdw-dev/elfutils-devel) on the build host.
+ Increases .ko sizes by approximately 10 bytes per DWARF line entry.
+
+ If unsure, say N.
+
# end of the "standard kernel features (expert users)" menu
config ARCH_HAS_MEMBARRIER_CALLBACKS
diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms.c b/kernel/kallsyms.c
index d0a9cd9c6dace..9df92b0fd9041 100644
--- a/kernel/kallsyms.c
+++ b/kernel/kallsyms.c
@@ -543,12 +543,24 @@ static int __sprint_symbol(char *buffer, unsigned long address,
len += sprintf(buffer + len, "]");
}
- if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO) && !modname) {
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO)) {
const char *li_file;
unsigned int li_line;
+ bool found = false;
+
+ if (!modname)
+ found = kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo(address,
+ &li_file, &li_line);
+ else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES)) {
+ struct module *mod = __module_address(address);
+
+ if (mod)
+ found = module_lookup_lineinfo(mod, address,
+ &li_file,
+ &li_line);
+ }
- if (kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo(address,
- &li_file, &li_line))
+ if (found)
len += snprintf(buffer + len, KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN - len,
" (%s:%u)", li_file, li_line);
}
diff --git a/kernel/module/kallsyms.c b/kernel/module/kallsyms.c
index 0fc11e45df9b9..5b46293e957ab 100644
--- a/kernel/module/kallsyms.c
+++ b/kernel/module/kallsyms.c
@@ -494,3 +494,94 @@ int module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol(const char *modname,
mutex_unlock(&module_mutex);
return ret;
}
+
+#include <linux/mod_lineinfo.h>
+
+/*
+ * Look up source file:line for an address within a loaded module.
+ * Uses the .mod_lineinfo section embedded in the .ko at build time.
+ *
+ * Safe in NMI/panic context: no locks, no allocations.
+ * Caller must hold RCU read lock (or be in a context where the module
+ * cannot be unloaded).
+ */
+bool module_lookup_lineinfo(struct module *mod, unsigned long addr,
+ const char **file, unsigned int *line)
+{
+ const struct mod_lineinfo_header *hdr;
+ const void *base;
+ const u32 *addrs, *lines, *file_offsets;
+ const u16 *file_ids;
+ const char *filenames;
+ u32 num_entries, num_files, filenames_size;
+ unsigned long text_base;
+ unsigned int offset;
+ unsigned long long raw_offset;
+ unsigned int low, high, mid;
+ u16 file_id;
+
+ if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES))
+ return false;
+
+ base = mod->lineinfo_data;
+ if (!base)
+ return false;
+
+ if (mod->lineinfo_data_size < sizeof(*hdr))
+ return false;
+
+ hdr = base;
+ num_entries = hdr->num_entries;
+ num_files = hdr->num_files;
+ filenames_size = hdr->filenames_size;
+
+ if (num_entries == 0)
+ return false;
+
+ /* Validate section is large enough for all arrays */
+ if (mod->lineinfo_data_size <
+ mod_lineinfo_filenames_off(num_entries, num_files) + filenames_size)
+ return false;
+
+ addrs = base + mod_lineinfo_addrs_off();
+ file_ids = base + mod_lineinfo_file_ids_off(num_entries);
+ lines = base + mod_lineinfo_lines_off(num_entries);
+ file_offsets = base + mod_lineinfo_file_offsets_off(num_entries);
+ filenames = base + mod_lineinfo_filenames_off(num_entries, num_files);
+
+ /* Compute offset from module .text base */
+ text_base = (unsigned long)mod->mem[MOD_TEXT].base;
+ if (addr < text_base)
+ return false;
+
+ raw_offset = addr - text_base;
+ if (raw_offset > UINT_MAX)
+ return false;
+ offset = (unsigned int)raw_offset;
+
+ /* Binary search for largest entry <= offset */
+ low = 0;
+ high = num_entries;
+ while (low < high) {
+ mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
+ if (addrs[mid] <= offset)
+ low = mid + 1;
+ else
+ high = mid;
+ }
+
+ if (low == 0)
+ return false;
+ low--;
+
+ file_id = file_ids[low];
+ if (file_id >= num_files)
+ return false;
+
+ if (file_offsets[file_id] >= filenames_size)
+ return false;
+
+ *file = &filenames[file_offsets[file_id]];
+ *line = lines[low];
+ return true;
+}
diff --git a/kernel/module/main.c b/kernel/module/main.c
index 2bac4c7cd019a..d11646b02730a 100644
--- a/kernel/module/main.c
+++ b/kernel/module/main.c
@@ -2648,6 +2648,9 @@ static int find_module_sections(struct module *mod, struct load_info *info)
mod->btf_base_data = any_section_objs(info, ".BTF.base", 1,
&mod->btf_base_data_size);
#endif
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES))
+ mod->lineinfo_data = any_section_objs(info, ".mod_lineinfo", 1,
+ &mod->lineinfo_data_size);
#ifdef CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL
mod->jump_entries = section_objs(info, "__jump_table",
sizeof(*mod->jump_entries),
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile b/scripts/Makefile
index ffe89875b3295..651df2a867ffb 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/Makefile
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS) += kallsyms
hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO) += gen_lineinfo
+hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES) += gen_lineinfo
hostprogs-always-$(BUILD_C_RECORDMCOUNT) += recordmcount
hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_BUILDTIME_TABLE_SORT) += sorttable
hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_ASN1) += asn1_compiler
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.modfinal b/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
index adcbcde16a071..3941cf624526b 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@ quiet_cmd_btf_ko = BTF [M] $@
$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/gen-btf.sh --btf_base $(objtree)/vmlinux $@; \
fi;
+quiet_cmd_lineinfo_ko = LINEINFO [M] $@
+ cmd_lineinfo_ko = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/gen-mod-lineinfo.sh $@
+
# Same as newer-prereqs, but allows to exclude specified extra dependencies
newer_prereqs_except = $(filter-out $(PHONY) $(1),$?)
@@ -59,6 +62,9 @@ if_changed_except = $(if $(call newer_prereqs_except,$(2))$(cmd-check), \
+$(call if_changed_except,ld_ko_o,$(objtree)/vmlinux)
ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES
+$(if $(newer-prereqs),$(call cmd,btf_ko))
+endif
+ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES
+ +$(if $(newer-prereqs),$(call cmd,lineinfo_ko))
endif
+$(call cmd,check_tracepoint)
diff --git a/scripts/gen-mod-lineinfo.sh b/scripts/gen-mod-lineinfo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..d0663b862d31b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/gen-mod-lineinfo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#
+# gen-mod-lineinfo.sh - Embed source line info into a kernel module (.ko)
+#
+# Reads DWARF from the .ko, generates a .mod_lineinfo section, and
+# embeds it back into the .ko. Modeled on scripts/gen-btf.sh.
+
+set -e
+
+if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
+ echo "Usage: $0 <module.ko>" >&2
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+KO="$1"
+
+cleanup() {
+ rm -f "${KO}.lineinfo.S" "${KO}.lineinfo.o" "${KO}.lineinfo.bin"
+}
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+case "${KBUILD_VERBOSE}" in
+*1*)
+ set -x
+ ;;
+esac
+
+# Generate assembly from DWARF -- if it fails (no DWARF), silently skip
+if ! ${objtree}/scripts/gen_lineinfo --module "${KO}" > "${KO}.lineinfo.S"; then
+ exit 0
+fi
+
+# Compile assembly to object file
+${CC} ${NOSTDINC_FLAGS} ${LINUXINCLUDE} ${KBUILD_CPPFLAGS} \
+ ${KBUILD_AFLAGS} ${KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE} \
+ -c -o "${KO}.lineinfo.o" "${KO}.lineinfo.S"
+
+# Extract raw section content
+${OBJCOPY} -O binary --only-section=.mod_lineinfo \
+ "${KO}.lineinfo.o" "${KO}.lineinfo.bin"
+
+# Embed into the .ko with alloc,readonly flags
+${OBJCOPY} --add-section ".mod_lineinfo=${KO}.lineinfo.bin" \
+ --set-section-flags .mod_lineinfo=alloc,readonly \
+ "${KO}"
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c b/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
index 37d5e84971be4..5ced6897cbbee 100644
--- a/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
+++ b/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
@@ -23,8 +23,16 @@
#include <gelf.h>
#include <limits.h>
+#include "../include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h"
+
+static int module_mode;
+
static unsigned int skipped_overflow;
+/* .text range for module mode (keep only runtime code) */
+static unsigned long long text_section_start;
+static unsigned long long text_section_end;
+
struct line_entry {
unsigned int offset; /* offset from _text */
unsigned int file_id;
@@ -148,27 +156,25 @@ static const char *make_relative(const char *path, const char *comp_dir)
{
const char *p;
- /* If already relative, use as-is */
- if (path[0] != '/')
- return path;
-
- /* comp_dir from DWARF is the most reliable method */
- if (comp_dir) {
- size_t len = strlen(comp_dir);
-
- if (!strncmp(path, comp_dir, len) && path[len] == '/') {
- const char *rel = path + len + 1;
-
- /*
- * If comp_dir pointed to a subdirectory
- * (e.g. arch/parisc/kernel) rather than
- * the tree root, stripping it leaves a
- * bare filename. Fall through to the
- * kernel_dirs scan so we recover the full
- * relative path instead.
- */
- if (strchr(rel, '/'))
- return rel;
+ if (path[0] == '/') {
+ /* Try comp_dir prefix from DWARF */
+ if (comp_dir) {
+ size_t len = strlen(comp_dir);
+
+ if (!strncmp(path, comp_dir, len) && path[len] == '/') {
+ const char *rel = path + len + 1;
+
+ /*
+ * If comp_dir pointed to a subdirectory
+ * (e.g. arch/parisc/kernel) rather than
+ * the tree root, stripping it leaves a
+ * bare filename. Fall through to the
+ * kernel_dirs scan so we recover the full
+ * relative path instead.
+ */
+ if (strchr(rel, '/'))
+ return rel;
+ }
}
/*
@@ -194,9 +200,45 @@ static const char *make_relative(const char *path, const char *comp_dir)
return p ? p + 1 : path;
}
- /* Fall back to basename */
- p = strrchr(path, '/');
- return p ? p + 1 : path;
+ /*
+ * Relative path — check for duplicated-path quirk from libdw
+ * on ET_REL files (e.g., "a/b.c/a/b.c" → "a/b.c").
+ */
+ {
+ size_t len = strlen(path);
+
+ for (p = path; (p = strchr(p, '/')) != NULL; p++) {
+ size_t prefix = p - path;
+ size_t rest = len - prefix - 1;
+
+ if (rest == prefix && !memcmp(path, p + 1, prefix))
+ return p + 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Bare filename with no directory component — try to recover the
+ * relative path using comp_dir. Some toolchains/elfutils combos
+ * produce bare filenames where comp_dir holds the source directory.
+ * Construct the absolute path and run the kernel_dirs scan.
+ */
+ if (!strchr(path, '/') && comp_dir && comp_dir[0] == '/') {
+ static char buf[PATH_MAX];
+
+ snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", comp_dir, path);
+ for (p = buf + 1; *p; p++) {
+ if (*(p - 1) == '/') {
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(kernel_dirs) /
+ sizeof(kernel_dirs[0]); i++) {
+ if (!strncmp(p, kernel_dirs[i],
+ strlen(kernel_dirs[i])))
+ return p;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ return path;
}
static int compare_entries(const void *a, const void *b)
@@ -248,6 +290,159 @@ static unsigned long long find_text_addr(Elf *elf)
exit(1);
}
+static void find_text_section_range(Elf *elf)
+{
+ Elf_Scn *scn = NULL;
+ GElf_Shdr shdr;
+ size_t shstrndx;
+
+ if (elf_getshdrstrndx(elf, &shstrndx) != 0)
+ return;
+
+ while ((scn = elf_nextscn(elf, scn)) != NULL) {
+ const char *name;
+
+ if (!gelf_getshdr(scn, &shdr))
+ continue;
+ name = elf_strptr(elf, shstrndx, shdr.sh_name);
+ if (name && !strcmp(name, ".text")) {
+ text_section_start = shdr.sh_addr;
+ text_section_end = shdr.sh_addr + shdr.sh_size;
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Apply .rela.debug_line relocations to a mutable copy of .debug_line data.
+ *
+ * elfutils libdw (through at least 0.194) does NOT apply relocations for
+ * ET_REL files when using dwarf_begin_elf(). The internal libdwfl layer
+ * does this via __libdwfl_relocate(), but that API is not public.
+ *
+ * For DWARF5, the .debug_line file name table uses DW_FORM_line_strp
+ * references into .debug_line_str. Without relocation, all these offsets
+ * resolve to 0 (or garbage), causing dwarf_linesrc()/dwarf_filesrc() to
+ * return wrong filenames (typically the comp_dir for every file).
+ *
+ * This function applies the relocations manually so that the patched
+ * .debug_line data can be fed to dwarf_begin_elf() and produce correct
+ * results.
+ *
+ * See elfutils bug https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=31447
+ * A fix (dwelf_elf_apply_relocs) was proposed but not yet merged as of
+ * elfutils 0.194: https://sourceware.org/pipermail/elfutils-devel/2024q3/007388.html
+ */
+/*
+ * Determine the relocation type for a 32-bit absolute reference
+ * on the given architecture. Returns 0 if unknown.
+ */
+static unsigned int r_type_abs32(unsigned int e_machine)
+{
+ switch (e_machine) {
+ case EM_X86_64: return 10; /* R_X86_64_32 */
+ case EM_386: return 1; /* R_386_32 */
+ case EM_AARCH64: return 258; /* R_AARCH64_ABS32 */
+ case EM_ARM: return 2; /* R_ARM_ABS32 */
+ case EM_RISCV: return 1; /* R_RISCV_32 */
+ case EM_S390: return 4; /* R_390_32 */
+ case EM_MIPS: return 2; /* R_MIPS_32 */
+ case EM_PPC64: return 1; /* R_PPC64_ADDR32 */
+ case EM_PPC: return 1; /* R_PPC_ADDR32 */
+ case EM_LOONGARCH: return 1; /* R_LARCH_32 */
+ case EM_PARISC: return 1; /* R_PARISC_DIR32 */
+ default: return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+static void apply_debug_line_relocations(Elf *elf)
+{
+ Elf_Scn *scn = NULL;
+ Elf_Scn *debug_line_scn = NULL;
+ Elf_Scn *rela_debug_line_scn = NULL;
+ Elf_Scn *symtab_scn = NULL;
+ GElf_Shdr shdr;
+ GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
+ unsigned int abs32_type;
+ size_t shstrndx;
+ Elf_Data *dl_data, *rela_data, *sym_data;
+ GElf_Shdr rela_shdr, sym_shdr;
+ size_t nrels, i;
+
+ if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL)
+ return;
+
+ abs32_type = r_type_abs32(ehdr.e_machine);
+ if (!abs32_type)
+ return;
+
+ if (elf_getshdrstrndx(elf, &shstrndx) != 0)
+ return;
+
+ /* Find the relevant sections */
+ while ((scn = elf_nextscn(elf, scn)) != NULL) {
+ const char *name;
+
+ if (!gelf_getshdr(scn, &shdr))
+ continue;
+ name = elf_strptr(elf, shstrndx, shdr.sh_name);
+ if (!name)
+ continue;
+
+ if (!strcmp(name, ".debug_line"))
+ debug_line_scn = scn;
+ else if (!strcmp(name, ".rela.debug_line"))
+ rela_debug_line_scn = scn;
+ else if (shdr.sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB)
+ symtab_scn = scn;
+ }
+
+ if (!debug_line_scn || !rela_debug_line_scn || !symtab_scn)
+ return;
+
+ dl_data = elf_getdata(debug_line_scn, NULL);
+ rela_data = elf_getdata(rela_debug_line_scn, NULL);
+ sym_data = elf_getdata(symtab_scn, NULL);
+ if (!dl_data || !rela_data || !sym_data)
+ return;
+
+ if (!gelf_getshdr(rela_debug_line_scn, &rela_shdr))
+ return;
+ if (!gelf_getshdr(symtab_scn, &sym_shdr))
+ return;
+
+ nrels = rela_shdr.sh_size / rela_shdr.sh_entsize;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < nrels; i++) {
+ GElf_Rela rela;
+ GElf_Sym sym;
+ unsigned int r_type;
+ size_t r_sym;
+ uint32_t value;
+
+ if (!gelf_getrela(rela_data, i, &rela))
+ continue;
+
+ r_type = GELF_R_TYPE(rela.r_info);
+ r_sym = GELF_R_SYM(rela.r_info);
+
+ /* Only handle the 32-bit absolute reloc for this arch */
+ if (r_type != abs32_type)
+ continue;
+
+ if (!gelf_getsym(sym_data, r_sym, &sym))
+ continue;
+
+ /* Relocated value = sym.st_value + addend */
+ value = (uint32_t)(sym.st_value + rela.r_addend);
+
+ /* Patch the .debug_line data at the relocation offset */
+ if (rela.r_offset + 4 <= dl_data->d_size)
+ memcpy((char *)dl_data->d_buf + rela.r_offset,
+ &value, sizeof(value));
+ }
+}
+
static void process_dwarf(Dwarf *dwarf, unsigned long long text_addr)
{
Dwarf_Off off = 0, next_off;
@@ -295,6 +490,16 @@ static void process_dwarf(Dwarf *dwarf, unsigned long long text_addr)
if (addr < text_addr)
continue;
+ /*
+ * In module mode, keep only .text addresses.
+ * In ET_REL .ko files, .init.text/.exit.text may
+ * overlap with .text address ranges, so we must
+ * explicitly check against the .text bounds.
+ */
+ if (module_mode && text_section_end > text_section_start &&
+ (addr < text_section_start || addr >= text_section_end))
+ continue;
+
{
unsigned long long raw_offset = addr - text_addr;
@@ -440,6 +645,63 @@ static void output_assembly(void)
printf("\n");
}
+static void output_module_assembly(void)
+{
+ unsigned int filenames_size = 0;
+
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
+ filenames_size += strlen(files[i].name) + 1;
+
+ printf("/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */\n");
+ printf("/*\n");
+ printf(" * Automatically generated by scripts/gen_lineinfo --module\n");
+ printf(" * Do not edit.\n");
+ printf(" */\n\n");
+
+ printf("\t.section .mod_lineinfo, \"a\"\n\n");
+
+ /* Header: num_entries, num_files, filenames_size, reserved */
+ printf("\t.balign 4\n");
+ printf("\t.long %u\n", num_entries);
+ printf("\t.long %u\n", num_files);
+ printf("\t.long %u\n", filenames_size);
+ printf("\t.long 0\n\n");
+
+ /* addrs[] */
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
+ printf("\t.long 0x%x\n", entries[i].offset);
+ if (num_entries)
+ printf("\n");
+
+ /* file_ids[] */
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
+ printf("\t.short %u\n", entries[i].file_id);
+
+ /* Padding to align lines[] to 4 bytes */
+ if (num_entries & 1)
+ printf("\t.short 0\n");
+ if (num_entries)
+ printf("\n");
+
+ /* lines[] */
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
+ printf("\t.long %u\n", entries[i].line);
+ if (num_entries)
+ printf("\n");
+
+ /* file_offsets[] */
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
+ printf("\t.long %u\n", files[i].str_offset);
+ if (num_files)
+ printf("\n");
+
+ /* filenames[] */
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
+ print_escaped_asciz(files[i].name);
+ if (num_files)
+ printf("\n");
+}
+
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int fd;
@@ -447,12 +709,23 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
Dwarf *dwarf;
unsigned long long text_addr;
+ if (argc >= 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--module")) {
+ module_mode = 1;
+ argv++;
+ argc--;
+ }
+
if (argc != 2) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <vmlinux>\n", argv[0]);
+ fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [--module] <ELF file>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
- fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
+ /*
+ * For module mode, open O_RDWR so we can apply debug section
+ * relocations to the in-memory ELF data. The modifications
+ * are NOT written back to disk (no elf_update() call).
+ */
+ fd = open(argv[1], module_mode ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s: %s\n", argv[1],
strerror(errno));
@@ -460,7 +733,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
}
elf_version(EV_CURRENT);
- elf = elf_begin(fd, ELF_C_READ, NULL);
+ elf = elf_begin(fd, module_mode ? ELF_C_RDWR : ELF_C_READ, NULL);
if (!elf) {
fprintf(stderr, "elf_begin failed: %s\n",
elf_errmsg(elf_errno()));
@@ -468,7 +741,22 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
return 1;
}
- text_addr = find_text_addr(elf);
+ if (module_mode) {
+ /*
+ * .ko files are ET_REL after ld -r. libdw does NOT apply
+ * relocations for ET_REL files, so DW_FORM_line_strp
+ * references in .debug_line are not resolved. Apply them
+ * ourselves so that dwarf_linesrc() returns correct paths.
+ *
+ * DWARF addresses include the .text sh_addr. Use .text
+ * sh_addr as the base so offsets are .text-relative.
+ */
+ apply_debug_line_relocations(elf);
+ find_text_section_range(elf);
+ text_addr = text_section_start;
+ } else {
+ text_addr = find_text_addr(elf);
+ }
dwarf = dwarf_begin_elf(elf, DWARF_C_READ, NULL);
if (!dwarf) {
@@ -494,7 +782,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
fprintf(stderr, "lineinfo: %u entries, %u files\n",
num_entries, num_files);
- output_assembly();
+ if (module_mode)
+ output_module_assembly();
+ else
+ output_assembly();
dwarf_end(dwarf);
elf_end(elf);
--
2.51.0
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH v3 1/4] kallsyms: embed source file:line info in kernel stack traces
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-03-12 3:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Andrew Morton, Masahiro Yamada, Luis Chamberlain, Linus Torvalds,
Richard Weinberger, Juergen Gross, Geert Uytterhoeven,
James Bottomley
Cc: Jonathan Corbet, Nathan Chancellor, Nicolas Schier, Petr Pavlu,
Daniel Gomez, Greg KH, Petr Mladek, Steven Rostedt, Kees Cook,
Peter Zijlstra, Thorsten Leemhuis, Vlastimil Babka, Helge Deller,
Randy Dunlap, Laurent Pinchart, Vivian Wang, linux-kernel,
linux-kbuild, linux-modules, linux-doc, Sasha Levin
In-Reply-To: <20260312030649.674699-1-sashal@kernel.org>
Add CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO, which embeds a compact address-to-line
lookup table in the kernel image so stack traces directly print source
file and line number information:
root@localhost:~# echo c > /proc/sysrq-trigger
[ 11.201987] sysrq: Trigger a crash
[ 11.202831] Kernel panic - not syncing: sysrq triggered crash
[ 11.206218] Call Trace:
[ 11.206501] <TASK>
[ 11.206749] dump_stack_lvl+0x5d/0x80 (lib/dump_stack.c:94)
[ 11.207403] vpanic+0x36e/0x620 (kernel/panic.c:650)
[ 11.208565] ? __lock_acquire+0x465/0x2240 (kernel/locking/lockdep.c:4674)
[ 11.209324] panic+0xc9/0xd0 (kernel/panic.c:787)
[ 11.211873] ? find_held_lock+0x2b/0x80 (kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5350)
[ 11.212597] ? lock_release+0xd3/0x300 (kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5535)
[ 11.213312] sysrq_handle_crash+0x1a/0x20 (drivers/tty/sysrq.c:154)
[ 11.214005] __handle_sysrq.cold+0x66/0x256 (drivers/tty/sysrq.c:611)
[ 11.214712] write_sysrq_trigger+0x65/0x80 (drivers/tty/sysrq.c:1221)
[ 11.215424] proc_reg_write+0x1bd/0x3c0 (fs/proc/inode.c:330)
[ 11.216061] vfs_write+0x1c6/0xff0 (fs/read_write.c:686)
[ 11.218848] ksys_write+0xfa/0x200 (fs/read_write.c:740)
[ 11.222394] do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x690 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63)
[ 11.223942] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:121)
At build time, a new host tool (scripts/gen_lineinfo) reads DWARF
.debug_line from vmlinux using libdw (elfutils), extracts all
address-to-file:line mappings, and generates an assembly file with
sorted parallel arrays (offsets from _text, file IDs, and line
numbers). These are linked into vmlinux as .rodata.
At runtime, kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo() does a binary search on the
table and __sprint_symbol() appends "(file:line)" to each stack frame.
The lookup uses offsets from _text so it works with KASLR, requires no
locks or allocations, and is safe in any context including panic.
The feature requires CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO (for DWARF data) and
elfutils (libdw-dev) on the build host.
Memory footprint measured with a 1852-option x86_64 config:
Table: 4,597,583 entries from 4,841 source files
lineinfo_addrs[] 4,597,583 x u32 = 17.5 MiB
lineinfo_file_ids[] 4,597,583 x u16 = 8.8 MiB
lineinfo_lines[] 4,597,583 x u32 = 17.5 MiB
file_offsets + filenames ~ 0.1 MiB
Total .rodata increase: ~ 44.0 MiB
vmlinux (stripped): 529 MiB -> 573 MiB (+44 MiB / +8.3%)
Note: this probably won't be something we roll into "production", but
it might be useful for the average user given the relatively low memory
footprint, in canary deployments for hyperscalers, or by default for
folks who run tests/fuzzing/etc.
Disclaimer: this was vibe coded over an afternoon with an AI coding
assistant.
The .config used for testing is a simple KVM guest configuration for
local development and testing.
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst | 1 +
.../admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst | 72 +++
MAINTAINERS | 6 +
include/linux/kallsyms.h | 17 +-
init/Kconfig | 20 +
kernel/kallsyms.c | 56 ++
kernel/kallsyms_internal.h | 9 +
scripts/.gitignore | 1 +
scripts/Makefile | 3 +
scripts/empty_lineinfo.S | 30 ++
scripts/gen_lineinfo.c | 510 ++++++++++++++++++
scripts/kallsyms.c | 16 +
scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 43 +-
13 files changed, 780 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
create mode 100644 scripts/empty_lineinfo.S
create mode 100644 scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
index b734f8a2a2c48..1801b9880aeb7 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ problems and bugs in particular.
ramoops
dynamic-debug-howto
init
+ kallsyms-lineinfo
kdump/index
perf/index
pstore-blk
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c8ec124394354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+====================================
+Kallsyms Source Line Info (LINEINFO)
+====================================
+
+Overview
+========
+
+``CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO`` embeds DWARF-derived source file and line number
+mappings into the kernel image so that stack traces include
+``(file.c:123)`` annotations next to each symbol. This makes it significantly
+easier to pinpoint the exact source location during debugging, without needing
+to manually cross-reference addresses with ``addr2line``.
+
+Enabling the Feature
+====================
+
+Enable the following kernel configuration options::
+
+ CONFIG_KALLSYMS=y
+ CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y
+ CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO=y
+
+Build dependency: the host tool ``scripts/gen_lineinfo`` requires ``libdw``
+from elfutils. Install the development package:
+
+- Debian/Ubuntu: ``apt install libdw-dev``
+- Fedora/RHEL: ``dnf install elfutils-devel``
+- Arch Linux: ``pacman -S elfutils``
+
+Example Output
+==============
+
+Without ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO``::
+
+ Call Trace:
+ <TASK>
+ dump_stack_lvl+0x5d/0x80
+ do_syscall_64+0x82/0x190
+ entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
+
+With ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO``::
+
+ Call Trace:
+ <TASK>
+ dump_stack_lvl+0x5d/0x80 (lib/dump_stack.c:123)
+ do_syscall_64+0x82/0x190 (arch/x86/entry/common.c:52)
+ entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
+
+Note that assembly routines (such as ``entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe``) are
+not annotated because they lack DWARF debug information.
+
+Memory Overhead
+===============
+
+The lineinfo tables are stored in ``.rodata`` and typically add approximately
+44 MiB to the kernel image for a standard configuration (~4.6 million DWARF
+line entries, ~10 bytes per entry after deduplication).
+
+Known Limitations
+=================
+
+- **vmlinux only**: Only symbols in the core kernel image are annotated.
+ Module symbols are not covered.
+- **4 GiB offset limit**: Address offsets from ``_text`` are stored as 32-bit
+ values. Entries beyond 4 GiB from ``_text`` are skipped at build time with
+ a warning.
+- **65535 file limit**: Source file IDs are stored as 16-bit values. Builds
+ with more than 65535 unique source files will fail with an error.
+- **No assembly annotations**: Functions implemented in assembly that lack
+ DWARF ``.debug_line`` data are not annotated.
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 61bf550fd37c2..f061e69b6e32a 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -13728,6 +13728,12 @@ S: Maintained
F: Documentation/hwmon/k8temp.rst
F: drivers/hwmon/k8temp.c
+KALLSYMS LINEINFO
+M: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
+S: Maintained
+F: Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
+F: scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
+
KASAN
M: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
R: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
diff --git a/include/linux/kallsyms.h b/include/linux/kallsyms.h
index d5dd54c53ace6..7d4c9dca06c87 100644
--- a/include/linux/kallsyms.h
+++ b/include/linux/kallsyms.h
@@ -16,10 +16,15 @@
#include <asm/sections.h>
#define KSYM_NAME_LEN 512
+
+/* Extra space for " (path/to/file.c:12345)" suffix when lineinfo is enabled */
+#define KSYM_LINEINFO_LEN (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO) ? 128 : 0)
+
#define KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN (sizeof("%s+%#lx/%#lx [%s %s]") + \
(KSYM_NAME_LEN - 1) + \
2*(BITS_PER_LONG*3/10) + (MODULE_NAME_LEN - 1) + \
- (BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX * 2) + 1)
+ (BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX * 2) + 1 + \
+ KSYM_LINEINFO_LEN)
struct cred;
struct module;
@@ -96,6 +101,9 @@ extern int sprint_backtrace_build_id(char *buffer, unsigned long address);
int lookup_symbol_name(unsigned long addr, char *symname);
+bool kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo(unsigned long addr,
+ const char **file, unsigned int *line);
+
#else /* !CONFIG_KALLSYMS */
static inline unsigned long kallsyms_lookup_name(const char *name)
@@ -164,6 +172,13 @@ static inline int kallsyms_on_each_match_symbol(int (*fn)(void *, unsigned long)
{
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
}
+
+static inline bool kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo(unsigned long addr,
+ const char **file,
+ unsigned int *line)
+{
+ return false;
+}
#endif /*CONFIG_KALLSYMS*/
static inline void print_ip_sym(const char *loglvl, unsigned long ip)
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index b55deae9256c7..c39f27e6393a8 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -2050,6 +2050,26 @@ config KALLSYMS_ALL
Say N unless you really need all symbols, or kernel live patching.
+config KALLSYMS_LINEINFO
+ bool "Embed source file:line information in stack traces"
+ depends on KALLSYMS && DEBUG_INFO
+ help
+ Embeds an address-to-source-line mapping table in the kernel
+ image so that stack traces directly include file:line information,
+ similar to what scripts/decode_stacktrace.sh provides but without
+ needing external tools or a vmlinux with debug info at runtime.
+
+ When enabled, stack traces will look like:
+
+ kmem_cache_alloc_noprof+0x60/0x630 (mm/slub.c:3456)
+ anon_vma_clone+0x2ed/0xcf0 (mm/rmap.c:412)
+
+ This requires elfutils (libdw-dev/elfutils-devel) on the build host.
+ Adds approximately 44MB to a typical kernel image (10 bytes per
+ DWARF line-table entry, ~4.6M entries for a typical config).
+
+ If unsure, say N.
+
# end of the "standard kernel features (expert users)" menu
config ARCH_HAS_MEMBARRIER_CALLBACKS
diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms.c b/kernel/kallsyms.c
index aec2f06858afd..d0a9cd9c6dace 100644
--- a/kernel/kallsyms.c
+++ b/kernel/kallsyms.c
@@ -467,6 +467,52 @@ static int append_buildid(char *buffer, const char *modname,
#endif /* CONFIG_STACKTRACE_BUILD_ID */
+bool kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo(unsigned long addr,
+ const char **file, unsigned int *line)
+{
+ unsigned long long raw_offset;
+ unsigned int offset, low, high, mid, file_id;
+
+ if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO) || !lineinfo_num_entries)
+ return false;
+
+ /* Compute offset from _text */
+ if (addr < (unsigned long)_text)
+ return false;
+
+ raw_offset = addr - (unsigned long)_text;
+ if (raw_offset > UINT_MAX)
+ return false;
+ offset = (unsigned int)raw_offset;
+
+ /* Binary search for largest entry <= offset */
+ low = 0;
+ high = lineinfo_num_entries;
+ while (low < high) {
+ mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
+ if (lineinfo_addrs[mid] <= offset)
+ low = mid + 1;
+ else
+ high = mid;
+ }
+
+ if (low == 0)
+ return false;
+ low--;
+
+ file_id = lineinfo_file_ids[low];
+ *line = lineinfo_lines[low];
+
+ if (file_id >= lineinfo_num_files)
+ return false;
+
+ if (lineinfo_file_offsets[file_id] >= lineinfo_filenames_size)
+ return false;
+
+ *file = &lineinfo_filenames[lineinfo_file_offsets[file_id]];
+ return true;
+}
+
/* Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer. */
static int __sprint_symbol(char *buffer, unsigned long address,
int symbol_offset, int add_offset, int add_buildid)
@@ -497,6 +543,16 @@ static int __sprint_symbol(char *buffer, unsigned long address,
len += sprintf(buffer + len, "]");
}
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO) && !modname) {
+ const char *li_file;
+ unsigned int li_line;
+
+ if (kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo(address,
+ &li_file, &li_line))
+ len += snprintf(buffer + len, KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN - len,
+ " (%s:%u)", li_file, li_line);
+ }
+
return len;
}
diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h b/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h
index 81a867dbe57d4..d7374ce444d81 100644
--- a/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h
@@ -15,4 +15,13 @@ extern const u16 kallsyms_token_index[];
extern const unsigned int kallsyms_markers[];
extern const u8 kallsyms_seqs_of_names[];
+extern const u32 lineinfo_num_entries;
+extern const u32 lineinfo_addrs[];
+extern const u16 lineinfo_file_ids[];
+extern const u32 lineinfo_lines[];
+extern const u32 lineinfo_num_files;
+extern const u32 lineinfo_file_offsets[];
+extern const u32 lineinfo_filenames_size;
+extern const char lineinfo_filenames[];
+
#endif // LINUX_KALLSYMS_INTERNAL_H_
diff --git a/scripts/.gitignore b/scripts/.gitignore
index 4215c2208f7e4..e175714c18b61 100644
--- a/scripts/.gitignore
+++ b/scripts/.gitignore
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/asn1_compiler
+/gen_lineinfo
/gen_packed_field_checks
/generate_rust_target
/insert-sys-cert
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile b/scripts/Makefile
index 0941e5ce7b575..ffe89875b3295 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/Makefile
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
# the kernel for the build process.
hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS) += kallsyms
+hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO) += gen_lineinfo
hostprogs-always-$(BUILD_C_RECORDMCOUNT) += recordmcount
hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_BUILDTIME_TABLE_SORT) += sorttable
hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_ASN1) += asn1_compiler
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@ HOSTLDLIBS_sorttable = -lpthread
HOSTCFLAGS_asn1_compiler.o = -I$(srctree)/include
HOSTCFLAGS_sign-file.o = $(shell $(HOSTPKG_CONFIG) --cflags libcrypto 2> /dev/null)
HOSTLDLIBS_sign-file = $(shell $(HOSTPKG_CONFIG) --libs libcrypto 2> /dev/null || echo -lcrypto)
+HOSTCFLAGS_gen_lineinfo.o = $(shell $(HOSTPKG_CONFIG) --cflags libdw 2> /dev/null)
+HOSTLDLIBS_gen_lineinfo = $(shell $(HOSTPKG_CONFIG) --libs libdw 2> /dev/null || echo -ldw -lelf -lz)
ifdef CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC
ifeq ($(ARCH),x86_64)
diff --git a/scripts/empty_lineinfo.S b/scripts/empty_lineinfo.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e058c41137123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/empty_lineinfo.S
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
+ *
+ * Empty lineinfo stub for the initial vmlinux link.
+ * The real lineinfo is generated from .tmp_vmlinux1 by gen_lineinfo.
+ */
+ .section .rodata, "a"
+ .globl lineinfo_num_entries
+ .balign 4
+lineinfo_num_entries:
+ .long 0
+ .globl lineinfo_num_files
+ .balign 4
+lineinfo_num_files:
+ .long 0
+ .globl lineinfo_addrs
+lineinfo_addrs:
+ .globl lineinfo_file_ids
+lineinfo_file_ids:
+ .globl lineinfo_lines
+lineinfo_lines:
+ .globl lineinfo_file_offsets
+lineinfo_file_offsets:
+ .globl lineinfo_filenames_size
+ .balign 4
+lineinfo_filenames_size:
+ .long 0
+ .globl lineinfo_filenames
+lineinfo_filenames:
diff --git a/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c b/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..37d5e84971be4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * gen_lineinfo.c - Generate address-to-source-line lookup tables from DWARF
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
+ *
+ * Reads DWARF .debug_line from a vmlinux ELF file and outputs an assembly
+ * file containing sorted lookup tables that the kernel uses to annotate
+ * stack traces with source file:line information.
+ *
+ * Requires libdw from elfutils.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <elfutils/libdw.h>
+#include <dwarf.h>
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <gelf.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+static unsigned int skipped_overflow;
+
+struct line_entry {
+ unsigned int offset; /* offset from _text */
+ unsigned int file_id;
+ unsigned int line;
+};
+
+struct file_entry {
+ char *name;
+ unsigned int id;
+ unsigned int str_offset;
+};
+
+static struct line_entry *entries;
+static unsigned int num_entries;
+static unsigned int entries_capacity;
+
+static struct file_entry *files;
+static unsigned int num_files;
+static unsigned int files_capacity;
+
+#define FILE_HASH_BITS 13
+#define FILE_HASH_SIZE (1 << FILE_HASH_BITS)
+
+struct file_hash_entry {
+ const char *name;
+ unsigned int id;
+};
+
+static struct file_hash_entry file_hash[FILE_HASH_SIZE];
+
+static unsigned int hash_str(const char *s)
+{
+ unsigned int h = 5381;
+
+ for (; *s; s++)
+ h = h * 33 + (unsigned char)*s;
+ return h & (FILE_HASH_SIZE - 1);
+}
+
+static void add_entry(unsigned int offset, unsigned int file_id,
+ unsigned int line)
+{
+ if (num_entries >= entries_capacity) {
+ entries_capacity = entries_capacity ? entries_capacity * 2 : 65536;
+ entries = realloc(entries, entries_capacity * sizeof(*entries));
+ if (!entries) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ }
+ entries[num_entries].offset = offset;
+ entries[num_entries].file_id = file_id;
+ entries[num_entries].line = line;
+ num_entries++;
+}
+
+static unsigned int find_or_add_file(const char *name)
+{
+ unsigned int h = hash_str(name);
+
+ /* Open-addressing lookup with linear probing */
+ while (file_hash[h].name) {
+ if (!strcmp(file_hash[h].name, name))
+ return file_hash[h].id;
+ h = (h + 1) & (FILE_HASH_SIZE - 1);
+ }
+
+ if (num_files >= 65535) {
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "gen_lineinfo: too many source files (%u > 65535)\n",
+ num_files);
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ if (num_files >= files_capacity) {
+ files_capacity = files_capacity ? files_capacity * 2 : 4096;
+ files = realloc(files, files_capacity * sizeof(*files));
+ if (!files) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ }
+ files[num_files].name = strdup(name);
+ files[num_files].id = num_files;
+
+ /* Insert into hash table (points to files[] entry) */
+ file_hash[h].name = files[num_files].name;
+ file_hash[h].id = num_files;
+
+ num_files++;
+ return num_files - 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Well-known top-level directories in the kernel source tree.
+ * Used as a fallback to recover relative paths from absolute DWARF paths
+ * when comp_dir doesn't match (e.g. O= out-of-tree builds where comp_dir
+ * is the build directory but source paths point into the source tree).
+ */
+static const char * const kernel_dirs[] = {
+ "arch/", "block/", "certs/", "crypto/", "drivers/", "fs/",
+ "include/", "init/", "io_uring/", "ipc/", "kernel/", "lib/",
+ "mm/", "net/", "rust/", "samples/", "scripts/", "security/",
+ "sound/", "tools/", "usr/", "virt/",
+};
+
+/*
+ * Strip a filename to a kernel-relative path.
+ *
+ * For absolute paths, strip the comp_dir prefix (from DWARF) to get
+ * a kernel-tree-relative path. When that fails (e.g. O= builds where
+ * comp_dir is the build directory), scan for a well-known kernel
+ * top-level directory name in the path to recover the relative path.
+ * Fall back to the basename as a last resort.
+ *
+ * For relative paths (common in modules), libdw may produce a bogus
+ * doubled path like "net/foo/bar.c/net/foo/bar.c" due to ET_REL DWARF
+ * quirks. Detect and strip such duplicates.
+ */
+static const char *make_relative(const char *path, const char *comp_dir)
+{
+ const char *p;
+
+ /* If already relative, use as-is */
+ if (path[0] != '/')
+ return path;
+
+ /* comp_dir from DWARF is the most reliable method */
+ if (comp_dir) {
+ size_t len = strlen(comp_dir);
+
+ if (!strncmp(path, comp_dir, len) && path[len] == '/') {
+ const char *rel = path + len + 1;
+
+ /*
+ * If comp_dir pointed to a subdirectory
+ * (e.g. arch/parisc/kernel) rather than
+ * the tree root, stripping it leaves a
+ * bare filename. Fall through to the
+ * kernel_dirs scan so we recover the full
+ * relative path instead.
+ */
+ if (strchr(rel, '/'))
+ return rel;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * comp_dir prefix didn't help — either it didn't match
+ * or it was too specific and left a bare filename.
+ * Scan for a known kernel top-level directory component
+ * to find where the relative path starts. This handles
+ * O= builds and arches where comp_dir is a subdirectory.
+ */
+ for (p = path + 1; *p; p++) {
+ if (*(p - 1) == '/') {
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(kernel_dirs) /
+ sizeof(kernel_dirs[0]); i++) {
+ if (!strncmp(p, kernel_dirs[i],
+ strlen(kernel_dirs[i])))
+ return p;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Fall back to basename */
+ p = strrchr(path, '/');
+ return p ? p + 1 : path;
+ }
+
+ /* Fall back to basename */
+ p = strrchr(path, '/');
+ return p ? p + 1 : path;
+}
+
+static int compare_entries(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+ const struct line_entry *ea = a;
+ const struct line_entry *eb = b;
+
+ if (ea->offset != eb->offset)
+ return ea->offset < eb->offset ? -1 : 1;
+ if (ea->file_id != eb->file_id)
+ return ea->file_id < eb->file_id ? -1 : 1;
+ if (ea->line != eb->line)
+ return ea->line < eb->line ? -1 : 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned long long find_text_addr(Elf *elf)
+{
+ size_t nsyms, i;
+ Elf_Scn *scn = NULL;
+ GElf_Shdr shdr;
+
+ while ((scn = elf_nextscn(elf, scn)) != NULL) {
+ Elf_Data *data;
+
+ if (!gelf_getshdr(scn, &shdr))
+ continue;
+ if (shdr.sh_type != SHT_SYMTAB)
+ continue;
+
+ data = elf_getdata(scn, NULL);
+ if (!data)
+ continue;
+
+ nsyms = shdr.sh_size / shdr.sh_entsize;
+ for (i = 0; i < nsyms; i++) {
+ GElf_Sym sym;
+ const char *name;
+
+ if (!gelf_getsym(data, i, &sym))
+ continue;
+ name = elf_strptr(elf, shdr.sh_link, sym.st_name);
+ if (name && !strcmp(name, "_text"))
+ return sym.st_value;
+ }
+ }
+
+ fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find _text symbol\n");
+ exit(1);
+}
+
+static void process_dwarf(Dwarf *dwarf, unsigned long long text_addr)
+{
+ Dwarf_Off off = 0, next_off;
+ size_t hdr_size;
+
+ while (dwarf_nextcu(dwarf, off, &next_off, &hdr_size,
+ NULL, NULL, NULL) == 0) {
+ Dwarf_Die cudie;
+ Dwarf_Lines *lines;
+ size_t nlines;
+ Dwarf_Attribute attr;
+ const char *comp_dir = NULL;
+
+ if (!dwarf_offdie(dwarf, off + hdr_size, &cudie))
+ goto next;
+
+ if (dwarf_attr(&cudie, DW_AT_comp_dir, &attr))
+ comp_dir = dwarf_formstring(&attr);
+
+ if (dwarf_getsrclines(&cudie, &lines, &nlines) != 0)
+ goto next;
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < nlines; i++) {
+ Dwarf_Line *line = dwarf_onesrcline(lines, i);
+ Dwarf_Addr addr;
+ const char *src;
+ const char *rel;
+ unsigned int file_id, loffset;
+ int lineno;
+
+ if (!line)
+ continue;
+
+ if (dwarf_lineaddr(line, &addr) != 0)
+ continue;
+ if (dwarf_lineno(line, &lineno) != 0)
+ continue;
+ if (lineno == 0)
+ continue;
+
+ src = dwarf_linesrc(line, NULL, NULL);
+ if (!src)
+ continue;
+
+ if (addr < text_addr)
+ continue;
+
+ {
+ unsigned long long raw_offset = addr - text_addr;
+
+ if (raw_offset > UINT_MAX) {
+ skipped_overflow++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ loffset = (unsigned int)raw_offset;
+ }
+
+ rel = make_relative(src, comp_dir);
+ file_id = find_or_add_file(rel);
+
+ add_entry(loffset, file_id, (unsigned int)lineno);
+ }
+next:
+ off = next_off;
+ }
+}
+
+static void deduplicate(void)
+{
+ unsigned int i, j;
+
+ if (num_entries < 2)
+ return;
+
+ /* Sort by offset, then file_id, then line for stability */
+ qsort(entries, num_entries, sizeof(*entries), compare_entries);
+
+ /*
+ * Remove duplicate entries:
+ * - Same offset: keep first (deterministic from stable sort keys)
+ * - Same file:line as previous kept entry: redundant for binary
+ * search -- any address between them resolves to the earlier one
+ */
+ j = 0;
+ for (i = 1; i < num_entries; i++) {
+ if (entries[i].offset == entries[j].offset)
+ continue;
+ if (entries[i].file_id == entries[j].file_id &&
+ entries[i].line == entries[j].line)
+ continue;
+ j++;
+ if (j != i)
+ entries[j] = entries[i];
+ }
+ num_entries = j + 1;
+}
+
+static void compute_file_offsets(void)
+{
+ unsigned int offset = 0;
+
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++) {
+ files[i].str_offset = offset;
+ offset += strlen(files[i].name) + 1;
+ }
+}
+
+static void print_escaped_asciz(const char *s)
+{
+ printf("\t.asciz \"");
+ for (; *s; s++) {
+ if (*s == '"' || *s == '\\')
+ putchar('\\');
+ putchar(*s);
+ }
+ printf("\"\n");
+}
+
+static void output_assembly(void)
+{
+ printf("/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */\n");
+ printf("/*\n");
+ printf(" * Automatically generated by scripts/gen_lineinfo\n");
+ printf(" * Do not edit.\n");
+ printf(" */\n\n");
+
+ printf("\t.section .rodata, \"a\"\n\n");
+
+ /* Number of entries */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_num_entries\n");
+ printf("\t.balign 4\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_num_entries:\n");
+ printf("\t.long %u\n\n", num_entries);
+
+ /* Number of files */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_num_files\n");
+ printf("\t.balign 4\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_num_files:\n");
+ printf("\t.long %u\n\n", num_files);
+
+ /* Sorted address offsets from _text */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_addrs\n");
+ printf("\t.balign 4\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_addrs:\n");
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
+ printf("\t.long 0x%x\n", entries[i].offset);
+ printf("\n");
+
+ /* File IDs, parallel to addrs (u16 -- supports up to 65535 files) */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_file_ids\n");
+ printf("\t.balign 2\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_file_ids:\n");
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
+ printf("\t.short %u\n", entries[i].file_id);
+ printf("\n");
+
+ /* Line numbers, parallel to addrs */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_lines\n");
+ printf("\t.balign 4\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_lines:\n");
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
+ printf("\t.long %u\n", entries[i].line);
+ printf("\n");
+
+ /* File string offset table */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_file_offsets\n");
+ printf("\t.balign 4\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_file_offsets:\n");
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
+ printf("\t.long %u\n", files[i].str_offset);
+ printf("\n");
+
+ /* Filenames size */
+ {
+ unsigned int fsize = 0;
+
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
+ fsize += strlen(files[i].name) + 1;
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_filenames_size\n");
+ printf("\t.balign 4\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_filenames_size:\n");
+ printf("\t.long %u\n\n", fsize);
+ }
+
+ /* Concatenated NUL-terminated filenames */
+ printf("\t.globl lineinfo_filenames\n");
+ printf("lineinfo_filenames:\n");
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
+ print_escaped_asciz(files[i].name);
+ printf("\n");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ int fd;
+ Elf *elf;
+ Dwarf *dwarf;
+ unsigned long long text_addr;
+
+ if (argc != 2) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <vmlinux>\n", argv[0]);
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
+ if (fd < 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s: %s\n", argv[1],
+ strerror(errno));
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ elf_version(EV_CURRENT);
+ elf = elf_begin(fd, ELF_C_READ, NULL);
+ if (!elf) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "elf_begin failed: %s\n",
+ elf_errmsg(elf_errno()));
+ close(fd);
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ text_addr = find_text_addr(elf);
+
+ dwarf = dwarf_begin_elf(elf, DWARF_C_READ, NULL);
+ if (!dwarf) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "dwarf_begin_elf failed: %s\n",
+ dwarf_errmsg(dwarf_errno()));
+ fprintf(stderr, "Is %s built with CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO?\n",
+ argv[1]);
+ elf_end(elf);
+ close(fd);
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ process_dwarf(dwarf, text_addr);
+
+ if (skipped_overflow)
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "lineinfo: warning: %u entries skipped (offset > 4 GiB from _text)\n",
+ skipped_overflow);
+
+ deduplicate();
+ compute_file_offsets();
+
+ fprintf(stderr, "lineinfo: %u entries, %u files\n",
+ num_entries, num_files);
+
+ output_assembly();
+
+ dwarf_end(dwarf);
+ elf_end(elf);
+ close(fd);
+
+ /* Cleanup */
+ free(entries);
+ for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
+ free(files[i].name);
+ free(files);
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/scripts/kallsyms.c b/scripts/kallsyms.c
index 37d5c095ad22a..42662c4fbc6c9 100644
--- a/scripts/kallsyms.c
+++ b/scripts/kallsyms.c
@@ -78,6 +78,17 @@ static char *sym_name(const struct sym_entry *s)
static bool is_ignored_symbol(const char *name, char type)
{
+ /* Ignore lineinfo symbols for kallsyms pass stability */
+ static const char * const lineinfo_syms[] = {
+ "lineinfo_addrs",
+ "lineinfo_file_ids",
+ "lineinfo_file_offsets",
+ "lineinfo_filenames",
+ "lineinfo_lines",
+ "lineinfo_num_entries",
+ "lineinfo_num_files",
+ };
+
if (type == 'u' || type == 'n')
return true;
@@ -90,6 +101,11 @@ static bool is_ignored_symbol(const char *name, char type)
return true;
}
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lineinfo_syms); i++) {
+ if (!strcmp(name, lineinfo_syms[i]))
+ return true;
+ }
+
return false;
}
diff --git a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
index f99e196abeea4..39ca44fbb259b 100755
--- a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
+++ b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ vmlinux_link()
${ld} ${ldflags} -o ${output} \
${wl}--whole-archive ${objs} ${wl}--no-whole-archive \
${wl}--start-group ${libs} ${wl}--end-group \
- ${kallsymso} ${btf_vmlinux_bin_o} ${arch_vmlinux_o} ${ldlibs}
+ ${kallsymso} ${lineinfo_o} ${btf_vmlinux_bin_o} ${arch_vmlinux_o} ${ldlibs}
}
# Create ${2}.o file with all symbols from the ${1} object file
@@ -129,6 +129,26 @@ kallsyms()
kallsymso=${2}.o
}
+# Generate lineinfo tables from DWARF debug info in a temporary vmlinux.
+# ${1} - temporary vmlinux with debug info
+# Output: sets lineinfo_o to the generated .o file
+gen_lineinfo()
+{
+ info LINEINFO .tmp_lineinfo.S
+ if ! scripts/gen_lineinfo "${1}" > .tmp_lineinfo.S; then
+ echo >&2 "Failed to generate lineinfo from ${1}"
+ echo >&2 "Try to disable CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO"
+ exit 1
+ fi
+
+ info AS .tmp_lineinfo.o
+ ${CC} ${NOSTDINC_FLAGS} ${LINUXINCLUDE} ${KBUILD_CPPFLAGS} \
+ ${KBUILD_AFLAGS} ${KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL} \
+ -c -o .tmp_lineinfo.o .tmp_lineinfo.S
+
+ lineinfo_o=.tmp_lineinfo.o
+}
+
# Perform kallsyms for the given temporary vmlinux.
sysmap_and_kallsyms()
{
@@ -155,6 +175,7 @@ sorttable()
cleanup()
{
rm -f .btf.*
+ rm -f .tmp_lineinfo.*
rm -f .tmp_vmlinux.nm-sort
rm -f System.map
rm -f vmlinux
@@ -183,6 +204,7 @@ fi
btf_vmlinux_bin_o=
btfids_vmlinux=
kallsymso=
+lineinfo_o=
strip_debug=
generate_map=
@@ -198,10 +220,21 @@ if is_enabled CONFIG_KALLSYMS; then
kallsyms .tmp_vmlinux0.syms .tmp_vmlinux0.kallsyms
fi
+if is_enabled CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO; then
+ # Assemble an empty lineinfo stub for the initial link.
+ # The real lineinfo is generated from .tmp_vmlinux1 by gen_lineinfo.
+ ${CC} ${NOSTDINC_FLAGS} ${LINUXINCLUDE} ${KBUILD_CPPFLAGS} \
+ ${KBUILD_AFLAGS} ${KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL} \
+ -c -o .tmp_lineinfo.o "${srctree}/scripts/empty_lineinfo.S"
+ lineinfo_o=.tmp_lineinfo.o
+fi
+
if is_enabled CONFIG_KALLSYMS || is_enabled CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF; then
- # The kallsyms linking does not need debug symbols, but the BTF does.
- if ! is_enabled CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF; then
+ # The kallsyms linking does not need debug symbols, but BTF and
+ # lineinfo generation do.
+ if ! is_enabled CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF &&
+ ! is_enabled CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO; then
strip_debug=1
fi
@@ -219,6 +252,10 @@ if is_enabled CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF; then
btfids_vmlinux=.tmp_vmlinux1.BTF_ids
fi
+if is_enabled CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO; then
+ gen_lineinfo .tmp_vmlinux1
+fi
+
if is_enabled CONFIG_KALLSYMS; then
# kallsyms support
--
2.51.0
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH v3 0/4] kallsyms: embed source file:line info in kernel stack traces
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-03-12 3:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Andrew Morton, Masahiro Yamada, Luis Chamberlain, Linus Torvalds,
Richard Weinberger, Juergen Gross, Geert Uytterhoeven,
James Bottomley
Cc: Jonathan Corbet, Nathan Chancellor, Nicolas Schier, Petr Pavlu,
Daniel Gomez, Greg KH, Petr Mladek, Steven Rostedt, Kees Cook,
Peter Zijlstra, Thorsten Leemhuis, Vlastimil Babka, Helge Deller,
Randy Dunlap, Laurent Pinchart, Vivian Wang, linux-kernel,
linux-kbuild, linux-modules, linux-doc, Sasha Levin
This series adds CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO, which embeds source file:line
information directly in the kernel image so that stack traces annotate
every frame with the originating source location - no external tools, no
debug symbols at runtime, and safe to use in NMI/panic context.
Motivation
==========
The recent "slowly decommission bugzilla?" thread surfaced a recurring
problem: when users encounter kernel crashes they see stack traces like
`func+0x1ec/0x240` but have no way to identify which subsystem or
maintainer to contact. Richard Weinberger proposed building a database
mapping symbols to source files using nm/DWARF. Linus pointed to
scripts/decode_stacktrace.sh as the existing solution. But as the
discussion progressed, it became clear that decode_stacktrace.sh has
significant practical barriers that prevent it from being useful in the
common case.
Problems with scripts/decode_stacktrace.sh
==========================================
- Requires debug symbols: the script needs vmlinux with DWARF debug
info. Many distros don't retain debug symbols for older or security
kernels, and even when available, asking users to obtain matching
debuginfo packages is a significant hurdle.
- Requires toolchain: users need addr2line and nm installed.
- Version-matching requirement: debug symbols must exactly match the
running kernel binary.
What this series does
=====================
Patch 1: CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO
At build time, a host tool (scripts/gen_lineinfo) reads DWARF
.debug_line from vmlinux, extracts address-to-file:line mappings, and
embeds them as sorted lookup tables in .rodata. At runtime,
kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo() binary-searches the table and
__sprint_symbol() appends "(file:line)" to each stack frame. NMI/panic-
safe (no locks, no allocations), KASLR-compatible.
Patch 2: CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES
Extends lineinfo to loadable modules. Each .ko gets a .mod_lineinfo
section embedded at build time. The module loader picks it up at load
time. Same zero-allocation, NMI-safe lookup.
Patch 3: delta compression
Block-indexed delta-encoding with LEB128 varints, implementing the
approach suggested by Juergen Gross in the RFC review. Reduces overhead
from ~44 MiB to ~11 MiB (~3.7 bytes/entry), addressing the primary size
concern from the RFC.
Patch 4: KUnit tests
30 KUnit tests covering the lineinfo lookup paths, delta-decode logic,
boundary conditions, and integration with the backtrace formatting APIs.
Example output
==============
[ 11.206749] dump_stack_lvl+0x5d/0x80 (lib/dump_stack.c:94)
[ 11.207403] vpanic+0x36e/0x620 (kernel/panic.c:650)
[ 11.209324] panic+0xc9/0xd0 (kernel/panic.c:787)
[ 11.213312] sysrq_handle_crash+0x1a/0x20 (drivers/tty/sysrq.c:154)
[ 11.214005] __handle_sysrq.cold+0x66/0x256 (drivers/tty/sysrq.c:611)
[ 11.214712] write_sysrq_trigger+0x65/0x80 (drivers/tty/sysrq.c:1221)
[ 11.215424] proc_reg_write+0x1bd/0x3c0 (fs/proc/inode.c:330)
[ 11.216061] vfs_write+0x1c6/0xff0 (fs/read_write.c:686)
[ 11.218848] ksys_write+0xfa/0x200 (fs/read_write.c:740)
[ 11.222394] do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x690 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63)
Size impact
===========
Measured with a Debian kernel config:
- bzImage: +3.6 MiB (14 MiB -> 18 MiB, +26%)
- Runtime memory: +5.9 MiB (text+data+bss)
- Code overhead: +5.0 KiB (.text, lookup functions only)
- Data overhead: +5.9 MiB (.data, lineinfo tables)
Lineinfo data breakdown:
- lineinfo_data (delta-compressed): 5,728 KiB (97%)
- lineinfo_block_addrs: 99 KiB
- lineinfo_block_offsets: 99 KiB
- lineinfo_filenames: 111 KiB
- lineinfo_file_offsets: 17 KiB
The ~5.9 MiB is after 2.7x delta compression; uncompressed would be
~16 MiB. This is a fraction of the cost of shipping full DWARF debug
info (hundreds of MiB), which distros must store and serve for every
kernel version.
For distros, maintaining debug symbol repositories is expensive: storage,
mirrors, and CDN bandwidth for hundreds of MiB per kernel build add up
quickly. A ~5.9 MiB increase in the kernel image itself is a modest cost
that eliminates the need for users to find, download, and version-match
debuginfo packages just to make a crash report useful.
For developers, the file:line annotations appear immediately in crash
traces - no post-processing with decode_stacktrace.sh needed.
Changes since v2
=================
- Replace #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO with IS_ENABLED() throughout,
so the compiler checks the code for syntax errors regardless of
configuration. (Suggested by Helge Deller)
- Replace zigzag + ULEB128 encoding of signed deltas with native SLEB128,
removing the unnecessary zigzag transform layer.
(Suggested by Vivian Wang)
- Deduplicate the binary search and delta-decode logic: extract shared
struct lineinfo_table and lineinfo_search() into mod_lineinfo.h
instead of maintaining near-identical copies in kernel/kallsyms.c and
kernel/module/kallsyms.c. (Suggested by Vivian Wang)
- Use .uleb128 / .sleb128 assembler directives in gen_lineinfo output
instead of encoding varints in C and emitting .byte hex literals.
(Suggested by Vivian Wang)
- Redesign module mod_lineinfo_header to use explicit (offset, size)
pairs for each sub-array, similar to flattened devicetree layout.
This makes bounds validation straightforward: offset + size <=
section_size. (Suggested by Vivian Wang)
- Remove dead sym_start parameter from kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo() and
module_lookup_lineinfo().
Changes since v1
=================
- Fix path stripping regression on architectures where DWARF comp_dir is
a subdirectory (e.g. arch/parisc/kernel) rather than the source tree
root: paths now correctly show "kernel/traps.c:212" instead of bare
"traps.c:212". Added kernel_dirs[] fallback scan and bare-filename
recovery via comp_dir. (Reported by Helge Deller)
- Fix RST heading: overline/underline must be at least as long as the
heading text in kallsyms-lineinfo.rst. (Reported by Randy Dunlap)
- Fix MAINTAINERS alphabetical ordering: move KALLSYMS LINEINFO entry
before KASAN. (Reported by Randy Dunlap)
- Fix arch-portability of .debug_line relocation handling: replace
hardcoded R_X86_64_32 with r_type_abs32() supporting x86, arm, arm64,
riscv, s390, mips, ppc, loongarch, and parisc.
- Fix vmlinux compressed-path data_end for the last block: use
lineinfo_data_size instead of UINT_MAX.
- Add file_offsets[] and filenames_size bounds checks in vmlinux lookup
path (the module path already had them).
- Add alignment padding for file_offsets[] in module .mod_lineinfo
binary format (data[] is variable-length u8, followed by u32[]).
- Remove sym_start cross-validation check that incorrectly rejected
valid lineinfo entries for assembly-adjacent functions.
- Add KUnit test suite (new patch 4/4): 30 tests covering vmlinux
lookup, module lookup, delta decode, boundary conditions, and
backtrace formatting integration.
Changes since RFC
==================
- Added module support (patch 2)
- Added delta compression (patch 3), reducing size from ~44 MiB to
~11 MiB, addressing the primary concern from RFC review
- Added documentation (Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst)
- Added MAINTAINERS entry
Sasha Levin (4):
kallsyms: embed source file:line info in kernel stack traces
kallsyms: extend lineinfo to loadable modules
kallsyms: delta-compress lineinfo tables for ~2.7x size reduction
kallsyms: add KUnit tests for lineinfo feature
Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst | 1 +
.../admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst | 97 ++
MAINTAINERS | 9 +
include/linux/kallsyms.h | 30 +-
include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h | 243 +++++
include/linux/module.h | 16 +
init/Kconfig | 35 +
kernel/kallsyms.c | 59 ++
kernel/kallsyms_internal.h | 13 +
kernel/module/kallsyms.c | 75 ++
kernel/module/main.c | 4 +
lib/Kconfig.debug | 10 +
lib/tests/Makefile | 3 +
lib/tests/lineinfo_kunit.c | 813 +++++++++++++++++
scripts/.gitignore | 1 +
scripts/Makefile | 4 +
scripts/Makefile.modfinal | 6 +
scripts/empty_lineinfo.S | 38 +
scripts/gen-mod-lineinfo.sh | 48 +
scripts/gen_lineinfo.c | 850 ++++++++++++++++++
scripts/kallsyms.c | 17 +
scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 43 +-
22 files changed, 2411 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
create mode 100644 include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
create mode 100644 lib/tests/lineinfo_kunit.c
create mode 100644 scripts/empty_lineinfo.S
create mode 100755 scripts/gen-mod-lineinfo.sh
create mode 100644 scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
--
2.51.0
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] kallsyms: delta-compress lineinfo tables for ~2.7x size reduction
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-03-12 2:18 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Vivian Wang
Cc: Andrew Morton, Masahiro Yamada, Luis Chamberlain, Linus Torvalds,
Richard Weinberger, Juergen Gross, Geert Uytterhoeven,
James Bottomley, Jonathan Corbet, Nathan Chancellor,
Nicolas Schier, Petr Pavlu, Daniel Gomez, Greg KH, Petr Mladek,
Steven Rostedt, Kees Cook, Peter Zijlstra, Thorsten Leemhuis,
Vlastimil Babka, linux-kernel, linux-kbuild, linux-modules,
linux-doc
In-Reply-To: <b4b8d277-f6af-4207-ac1f-9c352b05995c@iscas.ac.cn>
On Thu, Mar 12, 2026 at 10:03:55AM +0800, Vivian Wang wrote:
>Hi Sasha,
>
>On 3/11/26 22:49, Sasha Levin wrote:
>> Thanks for the review!
>>
>> On Wed, Mar 11, 2026 at 11:34:24AM +0800, Vivian Wang wrote:
>>> Hi Sasha,
>>>
>>> I've been trying this out and AFAICT this does work perfectly. Thank you
>>> for this.
>>>
>>> There are a few oddities I found:
>>>
>>> Firstly I've been building with something like O=_riscv out of
>>> convenience, and the file names have an extra ../ in the front. (This is
>>> just me exiting out of init=/bin/sh.)
>>> [ 2.317268] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000000
>>> [ 2.320283] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1 Comm: sh Not tainted 7.0.0-rc3-00004-g8ad18f1a1a2f #31 PREEMPTLAZY
>>> [ 2.322048] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)
>>> [ 2.323220] Call Trace:
>>> [ 2.324465] [<ffffffff800172a8>] dump_backtrace+0x1c/0x24 (../arch/riscv/kernel/stacktrace.c:150)
>>> [ 2.329061] [<ffffffff8000241e>] show_stack+0x2a/0x34 (../arch/riscv/kernel/stacktrace.c:156)
>>> [ 2.330334] [<ffffffff8000fe32>] dump_stack_lvl+0x4a/0x68 (../lib/dump_stack.c:122)
>>> [ 2.331462] [<ffffffff8000fe64>] dump_stack+0x14/0x1c (../lib/dump_stack.c:130)
>>> [ 2.332571] [<ffffffff80002a88>] vpanic+0x108/0x2bc (../kernel/panic.c:651)
>>> [ 2.333674] [<ffffffff80002c6e>] panic+0x32/0x34 (../kernel/panic.c:787)
>>> [ 2.334427] [<ffffffff8002e97a>] do_exit+0x7ee/0x7f4 (../kernel/exit.c:930)
>>> [ 2.335194] [<ffffffff8002eade>] do_group_exit+0x1a/0x88 (../kernel/exit.c:1099)
>>> [ 2.335945] [<ffffffff8002eb62>] __riscv_sys_exit_group+0x16/0x18 (../kernel/exit.c:1129)
>>> [ 2.336763] [<ffffffff80b3e868>] do_trap_ecall_u+0x260/0x45c (../arch/riscv/include/asm/syscall.h:112)
>>> [ 2.337765] [<ffffffff80b4c034>] handle_exception+0x168/0x174 (../arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S:233)
>>> This is fine by me, but I've seen mentions of O= builds but I'm not sure
>>> if it's expected.
>>
>> Could you try v2 and see if it makes it prettier? I tried to tackle
>> this :)
>
>Thanks, I'll try it out and see.
>
>>
>>> Also, toggling CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO seems to rebuild every single
>>> file. I haven't debugged why, but is this expected?
>>
>> I think that this is because we increase KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN when lineinfo is
>> enabled. I suppose we can just increase the size irregardless of whether
>> lineinfo is enabled and ignore the waste?
>>
>> Or, folks really won't be toggling this option too often for the
>> rebuilds to
>> matter too much, so we can just enjoy the savings?
>
>Yeah I understand now. The size affects some fundamental headers.
>
>I just thought it was odd. The current situation is fine by me - if I'm
>building a kernel and toggling configs, it means I have the vmlinux file
>and can use scripts/decode_stacktrace.sh :)
>
>>> I have a few ideas about the code as well. Since this patch 3 touches
>>> most of the files involved, I'll just dump my thoughts on the whole
>>> series here. I want to note that I haven't read the RFC thread too
>>> carefully, but I don't think there were many comments on the
>>> implementation.
>>>
>>> On 3/4/26 02:21, Sasha Levin wrote:
>>>> Replace the flat uncompressed parallel arrays (lineinfo_addrs[],
>>>> lineinfo_file_ids[], lineinfo_lines[]) with a block-indexed,
>>>> delta-encoded, ULEB128 varint compressed format.
>>>>
>>>> The sorted address array has small deltas between consecutive entries
>>>> (typically 1-50 bytes), file IDs have high locality (delta often 0,
>>>> same file), and line numbers change slowly. Delta-encoding followed
>>>> by ULEB128 varint compression shrinks most values from 4 bytes to 1.
>>>>
>>>> Entries are grouped into blocks of 64. A small uncompressed block
>>>> index (first addr + byte offset per block) enables O(log(N/64)) binary
>>>> search, followed by sequential decode of at most 64 varints within the
>>>> matching block. All decode state lives on the stack -- zero
>>>> allocations, still safe for NMI/panic context.
>>>>
>>>> Measured on a defconfig+debug x86_64 build (3,017,154 entries, 4,822
>>>> source files, 47,144 blocks):
>>>>
>>>> Before (flat arrays):
>>>> lineinfo_addrs[] 12,068,616 bytes (u32 x 3.0M)
>>>> lineinfo_file_ids[] 6,034,308 bytes (u16 x 3.0M)
>>>> lineinfo_lines[] 12,068,616 bytes (u32 x 3.0M)
>>>> Total: 30,171,540 bytes (28.8 MiB, 10.0 bytes/entry)
>>>>
>>>> After (block-indexed delta + ULEB128):
>>>> lineinfo_block_addrs[] 188,576 bytes (184 KiB)
>>>> lineinfo_block_offsets[] 188,576 bytes (184 KiB)
>>>> lineinfo_data[] 10,926,128 bytes (10.4 MiB)
>>>> Total: 11,303,280 bytes (10.8 MiB, 3.7 bytes/entry)
>>>>
>>>> Savings: 18.0 MiB (2.7x reduction)
>>>>
>>>> Booted in QEMU and verified with SysRq-l that annotations still work:
>>>>
>>>> default_idle+0x9/0x10 (arch/x86/kernel/process.c:767)
>>>> default_idle_call+0x6c/0xb0 (kernel/sched/idle.c:122)
>>>> do_idle+0x335/0x490 (kernel/sched/idle.c:191)
>>>> cpu_startup_entry+0x4e/0x60 (kernel/sched/idle.c:429)
>>>> rest_init+0x1aa/0x1b0 (init/main.c:760)
>>>>
>>>> Suggested-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
>>>> Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6
>>>> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
>>>> ---
>>>> .../admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst | 7 +-
>>>> include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h | 103 ++++++++--
>>>> init/Kconfig | 8 +-
>>>> kernel/kallsyms.c | 91 +++++++--
>>>> kernel/kallsyms_internal.h | 7 +-
>>>> kernel/module/kallsyms.c | 107 +++++++---
>>>> scripts/gen_lineinfo.c | 192 ++++++++++++++----
>>>> scripts/kallsyms.c | 7 +-
>>>> scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 16 +-
>>>> 9 files changed, 423 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-)
>>>>
>>>> diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
>>>> index 21450569d5324..fe92c5dde16b3 100644
>>>> --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
>>>> +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
>>>> @@ -76,10 +76,11 @@ Memory Overhead
>>>> ===============
>>>>
>>>> The vmlinux lineinfo tables are stored in ``.rodata`` and typically add
>>>> -approximately 44 MiB to the kernel image for a standard configuration
>>>> -(~4.6 million DWARF line entries, ~10 bytes per entry after deduplication).
>>>> +approximately 10-15 MiB to the kernel image for a standard configuration
>>>> +(~4.6 million DWARF line entries, ~2-3 bytes per entry after delta
>>>> +compression).
>>>>
>>>> -Per-module lineinfo adds approximately 10 bytes per DWARF line entry to each
>>>> +Per-module lineinfo adds approximately 2-3 bytes per DWARF line entry to each
>>>> ``.ko`` file.
>>>
>>> Maybe this could be given in terms of percentages? It wasn't obvious to
>>> me what 10-15 MiB amounts to.
>>>
>>> On riscv64, I'm seeing a 24.2 MiB to 30.2 MiB increase in
>>> arch/riscv/boot/Image size on an approximately defconfig+mod2noconfig
>>> build, which is about a 25% increase. I haven't checked yet, but if 25%
>>> is similar to what other archs get, that's a more useful figure than
>>> 10-15 MiB, given that the size increase is correlated to the total
>>> amount of code linked into the kernel/module.
>>
>> I ended up giving an example instead of percentages because it seemed
>> to vary
>> wildly between configs and archs. For example, defconfig on x86 yields
>> a 15%
>> increase compared to the 25% you see with your config on riscv,
>> compared to a
>> 39% increase with defconfig on riscv.
>
>That's fair. I guess it also depends on arch code density and compiler
>codegen.
>
>[...]
>
>>>> +/*
>>>> + * Read a ULEB128 varint from a byte stream.
>>>> + * Returns the decoded value and advances *pos past the encoded bytes.
>>>> + * If *pos would exceed 'end', returns 0 and sets *pos = end (safe for
>>>> + * NMI/panic context -- no crash, just a missed annotation).
>>>
>>> What does that last bit mean...?
>>
>> This goes back to your previous point about correctness and checks in the
>> lineinfo code :)
>>
>> It just means that this function never faults or allocates. On bad
>> input it
>> returns 0, so the worst case is a missing annotation, not a crash.
>
>Ah, right, it didn't occur to me it was "annotation" as in the lineinfo
>annotation in the stack trace. I thought it was something like noinstr
>or lockdep stuff at first. This checks out.
Thanks again for the review! I'll send a v3 :)
--
Thanks,
Sasha
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] kallsyms: delta-compress lineinfo tables for ~2.7x size reduction
From: Vivian Wang @ 2026-03-12 2:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Sasha Levin
Cc: Andrew Morton, Masahiro Yamada, Luis Chamberlain, Linus Torvalds,
Richard Weinberger, Juergen Gross, Geert Uytterhoeven,
James Bottomley, Jonathan Corbet, Nathan Chancellor,
Nicolas Schier, Petr Pavlu, Daniel Gomez, Greg KH, Petr Mladek,
Steven Rostedt, Kees Cook, Peter Zijlstra, Thorsten Leemhuis,
Vlastimil Babka, linux-kernel, linux-kbuild, linux-modules,
linux-doc
In-Reply-To: <abGBA0QhAI-kf0mq@laps>
Hi Sasha,
On 3/11/26 22:49, Sasha Levin wrote:
> Thanks for the review!
>
> On Wed, Mar 11, 2026 at 11:34:24AM +0800, Vivian Wang wrote:
>> Hi Sasha,
>>
>> I've been trying this out and AFAICT this does work perfectly. Thank you
>> for this.
>>
>> There are a few oddities I found:
>>
>> Firstly I've been building with something like O=_riscv out of
>> convenience, and the file names have an extra ../ in the front. (This is
>> just me exiting out of init=/bin/sh.)
>> [ 2.317268] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000000
>> [ 2.320283] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1 Comm: sh Not tainted 7.0.0-rc3-00004-g8ad18f1a1a2f #31 PREEMPTLAZY
>> [ 2.322048] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)
>> [ 2.323220] Call Trace:
>> [ 2.324465] [<ffffffff800172a8>] dump_backtrace+0x1c/0x24 (../arch/riscv/kernel/stacktrace.c:150)
>> [ 2.329061] [<ffffffff8000241e>] show_stack+0x2a/0x34 (../arch/riscv/kernel/stacktrace.c:156)
>> [ 2.330334] [<ffffffff8000fe32>] dump_stack_lvl+0x4a/0x68 (../lib/dump_stack.c:122)
>> [ 2.331462] [<ffffffff8000fe64>] dump_stack+0x14/0x1c (../lib/dump_stack.c:130)
>> [ 2.332571] [<ffffffff80002a88>] vpanic+0x108/0x2bc (../kernel/panic.c:651)
>> [ 2.333674] [<ffffffff80002c6e>] panic+0x32/0x34 (../kernel/panic.c:787)
>> [ 2.334427] [<ffffffff8002e97a>] do_exit+0x7ee/0x7f4 (../kernel/exit.c:930)
>> [ 2.335194] [<ffffffff8002eade>] do_group_exit+0x1a/0x88 (../kernel/exit.c:1099)
>> [ 2.335945] [<ffffffff8002eb62>] __riscv_sys_exit_group+0x16/0x18 (../kernel/exit.c:1129)
>> [ 2.336763] [<ffffffff80b3e868>] do_trap_ecall_u+0x260/0x45c (../arch/riscv/include/asm/syscall.h:112)
>> [ 2.337765] [<ffffffff80b4c034>] handle_exception+0x168/0x174 (../arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S:233)
>> This is fine by me, but I've seen mentions of O= builds but I'm not sure
>> if it's expected.
>
> Could you try v2 and see if it makes it prettier? I tried to tackle
> this :)
Thanks, I'll try it out and see.
>
>> Also, toggling CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO seems to rebuild every single
>> file. I haven't debugged why, but is this expected?
>
> I think that this is because we increase KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN when lineinfo is
> enabled. I suppose we can just increase the size irregardless of whether
> lineinfo is enabled and ignore the waste?
>
> Or, folks really won't be toggling this option too often for the
> rebuilds to
> matter too much, so we can just enjoy the savings?
Yeah I understand now. The size affects some fundamental headers.
I just thought it was odd. The current situation is fine by me - if I'm
building a kernel and toggling configs, it means I have the vmlinux file
and can use scripts/decode_stacktrace.sh :)
>> I have a few ideas about the code as well. Since this patch 3 touches
>> most of the files involved, I'll just dump my thoughts on the whole
>> series here. I want to note that I haven't read the RFC thread too
>> carefully, but I don't think there were many comments on the
>> implementation.
>>
>> On 3/4/26 02:21, Sasha Levin wrote:
>>> Replace the flat uncompressed parallel arrays (lineinfo_addrs[],
>>> lineinfo_file_ids[], lineinfo_lines[]) with a block-indexed,
>>> delta-encoded, ULEB128 varint compressed format.
>>>
>>> The sorted address array has small deltas between consecutive entries
>>> (typically 1-50 bytes), file IDs have high locality (delta often 0,
>>> same file), and line numbers change slowly. Delta-encoding followed
>>> by ULEB128 varint compression shrinks most values from 4 bytes to 1.
>>>
>>> Entries are grouped into blocks of 64. A small uncompressed block
>>> index (first addr + byte offset per block) enables O(log(N/64)) binary
>>> search, followed by sequential decode of at most 64 varints within the
>>> matching block. All decode state lives on the stack -- zero
>>> allocations, still safe for NMI/panic context.
>>>
>>> Measured on a defconfig+debug x86_64 build (3,017,154 entries, 4,822
>>> source files, 47,144 blocks):
>>>
>>> Before (flat arrays):
>>> lineinfo_addrs[] 12,068,616 bytes (u32 x 3.0M)
>>> lineinfo_file_ids[] 6,034,308 bytes (u16 x 3.0M)
>>> lineinfo_lines[] 12,068,616 bytes (u32 x 3.0M)
>>> Total: 30,171,540 bytes (28.8 MiB, 10.0 bytes/entry)
>>>
>>> After (block-indexed delta + ULEB128):
>>> lineinfo_block_addrs[] 188,576 bytes (184 KiB)
>>> lineinfo_block_offsets[] 188,576 bytes (184 KiB)
>>> lineinfo_data[] 10,926,128 bytes (10.4 MiB)
>>> Total: 11,303,280 bytes (10.8 MiB, 3.7 bytes/entry)
>>>
>>> Savings: 18.0 MiB (2.7x reduction)
>>>
>>> Booted in QEMU and verified with SysRq-l that annotations still work:
>>>
>>> default_idle+0x9/0x10 (arch/x86/kernel/process.c:767)
>>> default_idle_call+0x6c/0xb0 (kernel/sched/idle.c:122)
>>> do_idle+0x335/0x490 (kernel/sched/idle.c:191)
>>> cpu_startup_entry+0x4e/0x60 (kernel/sched/idle.c:429)
>>> rest_init+0x1aa/0x1b0 (init/main.c:760)
>>>
>>> Suggested-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
>>> Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6
>>> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
>>> ---
>>> .../admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst | 7 +-
>>> include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h | 103 ++++++++--
>>> init/Kconfig | 8 +-
>>> kernel/kallsyms.c | 91 +++++++--
>>> kernel/kallsyms_internal.h | 7 +-
>>> kernel/module/kallsyms.c | 107 +++++++---
>>> scripts/gen_lineinfo.c | 192 ++++++++++++++----
>>> scripts/kallsyms.c | 7 +-
>>> scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 16 +-
>>> 9 files changed, 423 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
>>> index 21450569d5324..fe92c5dde16b3 100644
>>> --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
>>> +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
>>> @@ -76,10 +76,11 @@ Memory Overhead
>>> ===============
>>>
>>> The vmlinux lineinfo tables are stored in ``.rodata`` and typically add
>>> -approximately 44 MiB to the kernel image for a standard configuration
>>> -(~4.6 million DWARF line entries, ~10 bytes per entry after deduplication).
>>> +approximately 10-15 MiB to the kernel image for a standard configuration
>>> +(~4.6 million DWARF line entries, ~2-3 bytes per entry after delta
>>> +compression).
>>>
>>> -Per-module lineinfo adds approximately 10 bytes per DWARF line entry to each
>>> +Per-module lineinfo adds approximately 2-3 bytes per DWARF line entry to each
>>> ``.ko`` file.
>>
>> Maybe this could be given in terms of percentages? It wasn't obvious to
>> me what 10-15 MiB amounts to.
>>
>> On riscv64, I'm seeing a 24.2 MiB to 30.2 MiB increase in
>> arch/riscv/boot/Image size on an approximately defconfig+mod2noconfig
>> build, which is about a 25% increase. I haven't checked yet, but if 25%
>> is similar to what other archs get, that's a more useful figure than
>> 10-15 MiB, given that the size increase is correlated to the total
>> amount of code linked into the kernel/module.
>
> I ended up giving an example instead of percentages because it seemed
> to vary
> wildly between configs and archs. For example, defconfig on x86 yields
> a 15%
> increase compared to the 25% you see with your config on riscv,
> compared to a
> 39% increase with defconfig on riscv.
That's fair. I guess it also depends on arch code density and compiler
codegen.
[...]
>>> +/*
>>> + * Read a ULEB128 varint from a byte stream.
>>> + * Returns the decoded value and advances *pos past the encoded bytes.
>>> + * If *pos would exceed 'end', returns 0 and sets *pos = end (safe for
>>> + * NMI/panic context -- no crash, just a missed annotation).
>>
>> What does that last bit mean...?
>
> This goes back to your previous point about correctness and checks in the
> lineinfo code :)
>
> It just means that this function never faults or allocates. On bad
> input it
> returns 0, so the worst case is a missing annotation, not a crash.
Ah, right, it didn't occur to me it was "annotation" as in the lineinfo
annotation in the stack trace. I thought it was something like noinstr
or lockdep stuff at first. This checks out.
Vivian "dramforever" Wang
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 49/61] media: Prefer IS_ERR_OR_NULL over manual NULL check
From: Kieran Bingham @ 2026-03-11 23:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Philipp Hahn, amd-gfx, apparmor, bpf, ceph-devel, cocci, dm-devel,
dri-devel, gfs2, intel-gfx, intel-wired-lan, iommu, kvm,
linux-arm-kernel, linux-block, linux-bluetooth, linux-btrfs,
linux-cifs, linux-clk, linux-erofs, linux-ext4, linux-fsdevel,
linux-gpio, linux-hyperv, linux-input, linux-kernel, linux-leds,
linux-media, linux-mips, linux-mm, linux-modules, linux-mtd,
linux-nfs, linux-omap, linux-phy, lin
Cc: Shuah Khan, Mauro Carvalho Chehab
In-Reply-To: <20260310-b4-is_err_or_null-v1-49-bd63b656022d@avm.de>
Quoting Philipp Hahn (2026-03-10 11:49:15)
> Prefer using IS_ERR_OR_NULL() over using IS_ERR() and a manual NULL
> check.
>
> Change generated with coccinelle.
>
> To: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
> To: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
> To: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org>
> Cc: linux-media@vger.kernel.org
> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Philipp Hahn <phahn-oss@avm.de>
> ---
> drivers/media/test-drivers/vimc/vimc-streamer.c | 2 +-
> 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vimc/vimc-streamer.c b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vimc/vimc-streamer.c
> index 15d863f97cbf96b7ca7fbf3d7b6b6ec39fcc8ae3..da5aca50bcb4990c06f28e5a883eb398606991e9 100644
> --- a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vimc/vimc-streamer.c
> +++ b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vimc/vimc-streamer.c
> @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ static int vimc_streamer_thread(void *data)
> for (i = stream->pipe_size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
> frame = stream->ved_pipeline[i]->process_frame(
> stream->ved_pipeline[i], frame);
> - if (!frame || IS_ERR(frame))
> + if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(frame))
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
> break;
> }
> //wait for 60hz
>
> --
> 2.43.0
>
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH v3] module: print version for external modules in print_modules()
From: Sami Tolvanen @ 2026-03-11 22:44 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Christoph Hellwig
Cc: Yafang Shao, mcgrof, petr.pavlu, da.gomez, atomlin, linux-modules
In-Reply-To: <aa-6wILF90Y4ndnd@infradead.org>
On Mon, Mar 09, 2026 at 11:31:28PM -0700, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 10, 2026 at 10:38:07AM +0800, Yafang Shao wrote:
> > For vmcores triggered by a driver bug, the system calls print_modules() to
> > list the loaded modules. However, print_modules() does not output module
> > version information.
>
> And it should not.
>
> >
> > Across a large fleet of servers, there are often many
> > different module versions running simultaneously, and we need to know which
> > driver version caused a given vmcore.
>
> Then don't run extetrnal modules, which are not a first part citizen.
> Get your changeas upstream instead of just leeching the upstream
> developers work.
As much as I would like to see these modules upstreamed, distributions
do ship out-of-tree modules to users. If adding the OOT module version
to print_modules() helps folks better handle the resulting bug reports,
and maybe even indirectly keeps some of the noise away from upstream, I
feel it's worth the small maintenance burden from this change.
Sami
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH v4 15/17] module: Introduce hash-based integrity checking
From: Eric Biggers @ 2026-03-11 21:14 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Thomas Weißschuh
Cc: Nathan Chancellor, Arnd Bergmann, Luis Chamberlain, Petr Pavlu,
Sami Tolvanen, Daniel Gomez, Paul Moore, James Morris,
Serge E. Hallyn, Jonathan Corbet, Madhavan Srinivasan,
Michael Ellerman, Nicholas Piggin, Naveen N Rao, Mimi Zohar,
Roberto Sassu, Dmitry Kasatkin, Eric Snowberg, Nicolas Schier,
Daniel Gomez, Aaron Tomlin, Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP),
Nicolas Schier, Nicolas Bouchinet, Xiu Jianfeng,
Fabian Grünbichler, Arnout Engelen, Mattia Rizzolo, kpcyrd,
Christian Heusel, Câju Mihai-Drosi,
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior, linux-kbuild, linux-kernel, linux-arch,
linux-modules, linux-security-module, linux-doc, linuxppc-dev,
linux-integrity
In-Reply-To: <5726fc65-7d24-4353-b341-81b785f2575c@t-8ch.de>
On Wed, Mar 11, 2026 at 02:19:02PM +0100, Thomas Weißschuh wrote:
> > > diff --git a/include/linux/module_signature.h b/include/linux/module_signature.h
> > > index a45ce3b24403..3b510651830d 100644
> > > --- a/include/linux/module_signature.h
> > > +++ b/include/linux/module_signature.h
> > > @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ enum pkey_id_type {
> > > PKEY_ID_PGP, /* OpenPGP generated key ID */
> > > PKEY_ID_X509, /* X.509 arbitrary subjectKeyIdentifier */
> > > PKEY_ID_PKCS7, /* Signature in PKCS#7 message */
> > > + PKEY_ID_MERKLE, /* Merkle proof for modules */
> >
> > I recommend making the hash algorithm explicit:
> >
> > PKEY_ID_MERKLE_SHA256, /* SHA-256 merkle proof for modules */
> >
> > While I wouldn't encourage the addition of another hash algorithm
> > (specifying one good algorithm for now is absolutely the right choice),
> > if someone ever does need to add another one, we'd want them to be
> > guided to simply introduce a new value of this enum rather than hack it
> > in some other way.
>
> The idea here was that this will only ever be used for module built as
> part of the kernel build. So the actual implementation could change freely
> without affecting anything.
>
> But I don't have hard feelings about it.
Ah, okay. That's even better then: if someone adds another algorithm it
would simply be a kconfig option.
It seems 'struct module_signature' itself is intended to be a stable
ABI, though. So I think there's an opportunity for confusion here. It
might be worth leaving a note somewhere that the format of the
PKEY_ID_MERKLE portion of the struct does not need to be kept stable and
can freely change in each kernel build.
- Eric
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH v2] module.lds,codetag: force 0 sh_addr for sections
From: Sami Tolvanen @ 2026-03-11 21:12 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Joe Lawrence
Cc: linux-modules, linux-kernel, Luis Chamberlain, Petr Pavlu,
Daniel Gomez, Aaron Tomlin, Petr Mladek, Josh Poimboeuf
In-Reply-To: <20260305015237.299727-1-joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
On Wed, Mar 04, 2026 at 08:52:37PM -0500, Joe Lawrence wrote:
> Commit 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and
> related macros") added .text and made .data, .bss, and .rodata sections
> unconditional in the module linker script, but without an explicit
> address like the other sections in the same file.
>
> When linking modules with ld.bfd -r, sections defined without an address
> inherit the location counter, resulting in non-zero sh_addr values in
> the .ko. Relocatable objects are expected to have sh_addr=0 for these
> sections and these non-zero addresses confuse elfutils and have been
> reported to cause segmentation faults in SystemTap [1].
>
> Add the 0 address specifier to all sections in module.lds, including the
> .codetag.* sections via MOD_SEPARATE_CODETAG_SECTIONS macro.
>
> Link: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33958
> Fixes: 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and related macros")
> Signed-off-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
> ---
> include/asm-generic/codetag.lds.h | 2 +-
> scripts/module.lds.S | 12 ++++++------
> 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
>
> v2:
> - Update the MOD_SEPARATE_CODETAG_SECTION for .codetag.* as well [Petr]
Do we also need similar changes in any of the architecture-specific module
linker scripts (arch/*/include/asm/module.lds.h)?
Sami
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 01/61] Coccinelle: Prefer IS_ERR_OR_NULL over manual NULL check
From: Markus Elfring @ 2026-03-11 15:12 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Philipp Hahn, cocci, Julia Lawall, Nicolas Palix
Cc: amd-gfx, apparmor, bpf, ceph-devel, dm-devel, dri-devel, gfs2,
intel-gfx, intel-wired-lan, iommu, kvm, linux-arm-kernel,
linux-block, linux-bluetooth, linux-btrfs, linux-cifs, linux-clk,
linux-erofs, linux-ext4, linux-fsdevel, linux-gpio, linux-hyperv,
linux-input, linux-leds, linux-media, linux-mips, linux-mm,
linux-modules, linux-mtd, linux-nfs, linux-omap, linux-phy,
linux-pm, linux-rockchip, linux-s390, linux-scsi, linux-sctp,
linux-security-module, linux-sh, linux-sound, linux-stm32,
linux-trace-kernel, linux-usb, linux-wireless, netdev, ntfs3,
samba-technical, sched-ext, target-devel, tipc-discussion, v9fs,
LKML
In-Reply-To: <20260310-b4-is_err_or_null-v1-1-bd63b656022d@avm.de>
…
> +// Confidence: High
Some contributors presented discerning comments for this change approach.
Thus I became also curious how much they can eventually be taken better into account
by the means of the semantic patch language (Coccinelle software).
…
+@p1 depends on patch@
+expression E;
+@@
+(
> +- E != NULL && !IS_ERR(E)
> ++ !IS_ERR_OR_NULL(E)
> +|
> +- E == NULL || IS_ERR(E)
> ++ IS_ERR_OR_NULL(E)
> +|
> +- !IS_ERR(E) && E != NULL
> ++ !IS_ERR_OR_NULL(E)
> +|
> +- IS_ERR(E) || E == NULL
> ++ IS_ERR_OR_NULL(E)
> +)
Several detected expressions should refer to return values from function calls.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_statement
* Do any development challenges hinder still the determination of corresponding
failure predicates?
* How will interests evolve to improve data processing any further for such
use cases?
Regards,
Markus
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] kallsyms: delta-compress lineinfo tables for ~2.7x size reduction
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-03-11 14:49 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Vivian Wang
Cc: Andrew Morton, Masahiro Yamada, Luis Chamberlain, Linus Torvalds,
Richard Weinberger, Juergen Gross, Geert Uytterhoeven,
James Bottomley, Jonathan Corbet, Nathan Chancellor,
Nicolas Schier, Petr Pavlu, Daniel Gomez, Greg KH, Petr Mladek,
Steven Rostedt, Kees Cook, Peter Zijlstra, Thorsten Leemhuis,
Vlastimil Babka, linux-kernel, linux-kbuild, linux-modules,
linux-doc
In-Reply-To: <e393e07f-368f-4b38-b2ed-937ddcc0a217@iscas.ac.cn>
Thanks for the review!
On Wed, Mar 11, 2026 at 11:34:24AM +0800, Vivian Wang wrote:
>Hi Sasha,
>
>I've been trying this out and AFAICT this does work perfectly. Thank you
>for this.
>
>There are a few oddities I found:
>
>Firstly I've been building with something like O=_riscv out of
>convenience, and the file names have an extra ../ in the front. (This is
>just me exiting out of init=/bin/sh.)
>
>[ 2.317268] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000000
>[ 2.320283] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1 Comm: sh Not tainted 7.0.0-rc3-00004-g8ad18f1a1a2f #31 PREEMPTLAZY
>[ 2.322048] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)
>[ 2.323220] Call Trace:
>[ 2.324465] [<ffffffff800172a8>] dump_backtrace+0x1c/0x24 (../arch/riscv/kernel/stacktrace.c:150)
>[ 2.329061] [<ffffffff8000241e>] show_stack+0x2a/0x34 (../arch/riscv/kernel/stacktrace.c:156)
>[ 2.330334] [<ffffffff8000fe32>] dump_stack_lvl+0x4a/0x68 (../lib/dump_stack.c:122)
>[ 2.331462] [<ffffffff8000fe64>] dump_stack+0x14/0x1c (../lib/dump_stack.c:130)
>[ 2.332571] [<ffffffff80002a88>] vpanic+0x108/0x2bc (../kernel/panic.c:651)
>[ 2.333674] [<ffffffff80002c6e>] panic+0x32/0x34 (../kernel/panic.c:787)
>[ 2.334427] [<ffffffff8002e97a>] do_exit+0x7ee/0x7f4 (../kernel/exit.c:930)
>[ 2.335194] [<ffffffff8002eade>] do_group_exit+0x1a/0x88 (../kernel/exit.c:1099)
>[ 2.335945] [<ffffffff8002eb62>] __riscv_sys_exit_group+0x16/0x18 (../kernel/exit.c:1129)
>[ 2.336763] [<ffffffff80b3e868>] do_trap_ecall_u+0x260/0x45c (../arch/riscv/include/asm/syscall.h:112)
>[ 2.337765] [<ffffffff80b4c034>] handle_exception+0x168/0x174 (../arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S:233)
>
>This is fine by me, but I've seen mentions of O= builds but I'm not sure
>if it's expected.
Could you try v2 and see if it makes it prettier? I tried to tackle this :)
>Also, toggling CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO seems to rebuild every single
>file. I haven't debugged why, but is this expected?
I think that this is because we increase KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN when lineinfo is
enabled. I suppose we can just increase the size irregardless of whether
lineinfo is enabled and ignore the waste?
Or, folks really won't be toggling this option too often for the rebuilds to
matter too much, so we can just enjoy the savings?
>I have a few ideas about the code as well. Since this patch 3 touches
>most of the files involved, I'll just dump my thoughts on the whole
>series here. I want to note that I haven't read the RFC thread too
>carefully, but I don't think there were many comments on the implementation.
>
>On 3/4/26 02:21, Sasha Levin wrote:
>> Replace the flat uncompressed parallel arrays (lineinfo_addrs[],
>> lineinfo_file_ids[], lineinfo_lines[]) with a block-indexed,
>> delta-encoded, ULEB128 varint compressed format.
>>
>> The sorted address array has small deltas between consecutive entries
>> (typically 1-50 bytes), file IDs have high locality (delta often 0,
>> same file), and line numbers change slowly. Delta-encoding followed
>> by ULEB128 varint compression shrinks most values from 4 bytes to 1.
>>
>> Entries are grouped into blocks of 64. A small uncompressed block
>> index (first addr + byte offset per block) enables O(log(N/64)) binary
>> search, followed by sequential decode of at most 64 varints within the
>> matching block. All decode state lives on the stack -- zero
>> allocations, still safe for NMI/panic context.
>>
>> Measured on a defconfig+debug x86_64 build (3,017,154 entries, 4,822
>> source files, 47,144 blocks):
>>
>> Before (flat arrays):
>> lineinfo_addrs[] 12,068,616 bytes (u32 x 3.0M)
>> lineinfo_file_ids[] 6,034,308 bytes (u16 x 3.0M)
>> lineinfo_lines[] 12,068,616 bytes (u32 x 3.0M)
>> Total: 30,171,540 bytes (28.8 MiB, 10.0 bytes/entry)
>>
>> After (block-indexed delta + ULEB128):
>> lineinfo_block_addrs[] 188,576 bytes (184 KiB)
>> lineinfo_block_offsets[] 188,576 bytes (184 KiB)
>> lineinfo_data[] 10,926,128 bytes (10.4 MiB)
>> Total: 11,303,280 bytes (10.8 MiB, 3.7 bytes/entry)
>>
>> Savings: 18.0 MiB (2.7x reduction)
>>
>> Booted in QEMU and verified with SysRq-l that annotations still work:
>>
>> default_idle+0x9/0x10 (arch/x86/kernel/process.c:767)
>> default_idle_call+0x6c/0xb0 (kernel/sched/idle.c:122)
>> do_idle+0x335/0x490 (kernel/sched/idle.c:191)
>> cpu_startup_entry+0x4e/0x60 (kernel/sched/idle.c:429)
>> rest_init+0x1aa/0x1b0 (init/main.c:760)
>>
>> Suggested-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
>> Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6
>> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
>> ---
>> .../admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst | 7 +-
>> include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h | 103 ++++++++--
>> init/Kconfig | 8 +-
>> kernel/kallsyms.c | 91 +++++++--
>> kernel/kallsyms_internal.h | 7 +-
>> kernel/module/kallsyms.c | 107 +++++++---
>> scripts/gen_lineinfo.c | 192 ++++++++++++++----
>> scripts/kallsyms.c | 7 +-
>> scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 16 +-
>> 9 files changed, 423 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
>> index 21450569d5324..fe92c5dde16b3 100644
>> --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
>> +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kallsyms-lineinfo.rst
>> @@ -76,10 +76,11 @@ Memory Overhead
>> ===============
>>
>> The vmlinux lineinfo tables are stored in ``.rodata`` and typically add
>> -approximately 44 MiB to the kernel image for a standard configuration
>> -(~4.6 million DWARF line entries, ~10 bytes per entry after deduplication).
>> +approximately 10-15 MiB to the kernel image for a standard configuration
>> +(~4.6 million DWARF line entries, ~2-3 bytes per entry after delta
>> +compression).
>>
>> -Per-module lineinfo adds approximately 10 bytes per DWARF line entry to each
>> +Per-module lineinfo adds approximately 2-3 bytes per DWARF line entry to each
>> ``.ko`` file.
>>
>
>Maybe this could be given in terms of percentages? It wasn't obvious to
>me what 10-15 MiB amounts to.
>
>On riscv64, I'm seeing a 24.2 MiB to 30.2 MiB increase in
>arch/riscv/boot/Image size on an approximately defconfig+mod2noconfig
>build, which is about a 25% increase. I haven't checked yet, but if 25%
>is similar to what other archs get, that's a more useful figure than
>10-15 MiB, given that the size increase is correlated to the total
>amount of code linked into the kernel/module.
I ended up giving an example instead of percentages because it seemed to vary
wildly between configs and archs. For example, defconfig on x86 yields a 15%
increase compared to the 25% you see with your config on riscv, compared to a
39% increase with defconfig on riscv.
>> Known Limitations
>> diff --git a/include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h b/include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
>> index d62e9608f0f82..ab758acfadceb 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/mod_lineinfo.h
>> @@ -8,13 +8,19 @@
>> *
>> * Section layout (all values in target-native endianness):
>> *
>> - * struct mod_lineinfo_header (16 bytes)
>> - * u32 addrs[num_entries] -- offsets from .text base, sorted
>> - * u16 file_ids[num_entries] -- parallel to addrs
>> - * <2-byte pad if num_entries is odd>
>> - * u32 lines[num_entries] -- parallel to addrs
>> + * struct mod_lineinfo_header (24 bytes)
>> + * u32 block_addrs[num_blocks] -- first addr per block, for binary search
>> + * u32 block_offsets[num_blocks] -- byte offset into compressed data stream
>> + * u8 data[data_size] -- ULEB128 delta-compressed entries
>> * u32 file_offsets[num_files] -- byte offset into filenames[]
>> * char filenames[filenames_size] -- concatenated NUL-terminated strings
>> + *
>> + * Compressed stream format (per block of LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES entries):
>> + * Entry 0: file_id (ULEB128), line (ULEB128)
>> + * addr is in block_addrs[]
>> + * Entry 1..N: addr_delta (ULEB128),
>> + * file_id_delta (zigzag-encoded ULEB128),
>> + * line_delta (zigzag-encoded ULEB128)
>> */
>> #ifndef _LINUX_MOD_LINEINFO_H
>> #define _LINUX_MOD_LINEINFO_H
>> @@ -25,44 +31,107 @@
>> #include <stdint.h>
>> typedef uint32_t u32;
>> typedef uint16_t u16;
>> +typedef uint8_t u8;
>> #endif
>>
>> +#define LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES 64
>> +
>> struct mod_lineinfo_header {
>> u32 num_entries;
>> u32 num_files;
>> u32 filenames_size; /* total bytes of concatenated filenames */
>> + u32 num_blocks;
>> + u32 data_size; /* total bytes of compressed data stream */
>> u32 reserved; /* padding, must be 0 */
>> };
>>
>> /* Offset helpers: compute byte offset from start of section to each array */
>>
>> -static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_addrs_off(void)
>> +static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_block_addrs_off(void)
>> {
>> return sizeof(struct mod_lineinfo_header);
>> }
>>
>> -static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_file_ids_off(u32 num_entries)
>> +static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_block_offsets_off(u32 num_blocks)
>> {
>> - return mod_lineinfo_addrs_off() + num_entries * sizeof(u32);
>> + return mod_lineinfo_block_addrs_off() + num_blocks * sizeof(u32);
>> }
>>
>> -static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_lines_off(u32 num_entries)
>> +static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_data_off(u32 num_blocks)
>> {
>> - /* u16 file_ids[] may need 2-byte padding to align lines[] to 4 bytes */
>> - u32 off = mod_lineinfo_file_ids_off(num_entries) +
>> - num_entries * sizeof(u16);
>> - return (off + 3) & ~3u;
>> + return mod_lineinfo_block_offsets_off(num_blocks) +
>> + num_blocks * sizeof(u32);
>> }
>>
>> -static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_file_offsets_off(u32 num_entries)
>> +static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_file_offsets_off(u32 num_blocks, u32 data_size)
>> {
>> - return mod_lineinfo_lines_off(num_entries) + num_entries * sizeof(u32);
>> + return mod_lineinfo_data_off(num_blocks) + data_size;
>> }
>>
>> -static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_filenames_off(u32 num_entries, u32 num_files)
>> +static inline u32 mod_lineinfo_filenames_off(u32 num_blocks, u32 data_size,
>> + u32 num_files)
>> {
>> - return mod_lineinfo_file_offsets_off(num_entries) +
>> + return mod_lineinfo_file_offsets_off(num_blocks, data_size) +
>> num_files * sizeof(u32);
>> }
>>
>
>I wonder if these headers could use a slightly simpler representation,
>with each part represented with its offset from header start and total
>size in bytes, a bit like flattened devicetrees. So like, blocks_offset,
>blocks_size, files_offset, files_size...
>
>This would make the assembly generation below more readable, and IMO
>make understanding offset and array bound calculations way simpler, at
>the cost of a few extra words in the header.
Makes sense
>(Re: array bounds, I know there are easier ways to break the kernel
>intentionally if you're writing kernel code. but these things that run
>in the "ouch something bad happened" cases really should be a bit more
>defensive against possibly bad data, esp. in dealing with loadable
>modules. I haven't looked closely to the in-kernel lookup code, but I
>don't see much sanity checks against lineinfo data? I *think* for
>badly-sorted binary search just spits out a nonsensical offset, but I
>really don't want to find out what happens to the whole
>binary-then-linear search code with negative sizes or out-of-bounds
>offsets or something like that.)
>
>> +/* Zigzag encoding: map signed to unsigned so small magnitudes are small */
>> +static inline u32 zigzag_encode(int32_t v)
>> +{
>> + return ((u32)v << 1) ^ (u32)(v >> 31);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static inline int32_t zigzag_decode(u32 v)
>> +{
>> + return (int32_t)((v >> 1) ^ -(v & 1));
>> +}
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * Read a ULEB128 varint from a byte stream.
>> + * Returns the decoded value and advances *pos past the encoded bytes.
>> + * If *pos would exceed 'end', returns 0 and sets *pos = end (safe for
>> + * NMI/panic context -- no crash, just a missed annotation).
>
>What does that last bit mean...?
This goes back to your previous point about correctness and checks in the
lineinfo code :)
It just means that this function never faults or allocates. On bad input it
returns 0, so the worst case is a missing annotation, not a crash.
>> + */
>> +static inline u32 lineinfo_read_uleb128(const u8 *data, u32 *pos, u32 end)
>> +{
>> + u32 result = 0;
>> + unsigned int shift = 0;
>> +
>> + while (*pos < end) {
>> + u8 byte = data[*pos];
>> + (*pos)++;
>> + result |= (u32)(byte & 0x7f) << shift;
>> + if (!(byte & 0x80))
>> + return result;
>> + shift += 7;
>> + if (shift >= 32) {
>> + /* Malformed -- skip remaining continuation bytes */
>> + while (*pos < end && (data[*pos] & 0x80))
>> + (*pos)++;
>> + if (*pos < end)
>> + (*pos)++;
>> + return result;
>> + }
>> + }
>> + return result;
>> +}
>> +
>> +/* Write a ULEB128 varint -- build tool only */
>> +#ifndef __KERNEL__
>> +static inline unsigned int lineinfo_write_uleb128(u8 *buf, u32 value)
>> +{
>> + unsigned int len = 0;
>> +
>> + do {
>> + u8 byte = value & 0x7f;
>> +
>> + value >>= 7;
>> + if (value)
>> + byte |= 0x80;
>> + buf[len++] = byte;
>> + } while (value);
>> + return len;
>> +}
>> +#endif /* !__KERNEL__ */
>> +
>> #endif /* _LINUX_MOD_LINEINFO_H */
>> diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
>> index bf53275bc405a..6e3795b3dbd62 100644
>> --- a/init/Kconfig
>> +++ b/init/Kconfig
>> @@ -2065,8 +2065,9 @@ config KALLSYMS_LINEINFO
>> anon_vma_clone+0x2ed/0xcf0 (mm/rmap.c:412)
>>
>> This requires elfutils (libdw-dev/elfutils-devel) on the build host.
>> - Adds approximately 44MB to a typical kernel image (10 bytes per
>> - DWARF line-table entry, ~4.6M entries for a typical config).
>> + Adds approximately 10-15MB to a typical kernel image (~2-3 bytes
>> + per entry after delta compression, ~4.6M entries for a typical
>> + config).
>>
>> If unsure, say N.
>>
>> @@ -2079,7 +2080,8 @@ config KALLSYMS_LINEINFO_MODULES
>> so stack traces from module code include (file.c:123) annotations.
>>
>> Requires elfutils (libdw-dev/elfutils-devel) on the build host.
>> - Increases .ko sizes by approximately 10 bytes per DWARF line entry.
>> + Increases .ko sizes by approximately 2-3 bytes per DWARF line
>> + entry after delta compression.
>>
>> If unsure, say N.
>>
>
>(Same as above, maybe use percentages when talking about sizes?)
>
>> diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms.c b/kernel/kallsyms.c
>> index cea74992e5427..de4aa8fcfd69d 100644
>> --- a/kernel/kallsyms.c
>> +++ b/kernel/kallsyms.c
>> @@ -468,14 +468,20 @@ static int append_buildid(char *buffer, const char *modname,
>> #endif /* CONFIG_STACKTRACE_BUILD_ID */
>>
>> #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO
>> +#include <linux/mod_lineinfo.h>
>> +
>> bool kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo(unsigned long addr, unsigned long sym_start,
>> const char **file, unsigned int *line)
>> {
>
>[...]
>
>> diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h b/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h
>> index 868a1d5035212..691be44440395 100644
>> --- a/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h
>> +++ b/kernel/kallsyms_internal.h
>> @@ -17,10 +17,11 @@ extern const u8 kallsyms_seqs_of_names[];
>>
>> #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS_LINEINFO
>> extern const u32 lineinfo_num_entries;
>> -extern const u32 lineinfo_addrs[];
>> -extern const u16 lineinfo_file_ids[];
>> -extern const u32 lineinfo_lines[];
>> extern const u32 lineinfo_num_files;
>> +extern const u32 lineinfo_num_blocks;
>> +extern const u32 lineinfo_block_addrs[];
>> +extern const u32 lineinfo_block_offsets[];
>> +extern const u8 lineinfo_data[];
>> extern const u32 lineinfo_file_offsets[];
>> extern const char lineinfo_filenames[];
>> #endif
>> diff --git a/kernel/module/kallsyms.c b/kernel/module/kallsyms.c
>> index 7af414bd65e79..0ead1bb69de4e 100644
>> --- a/kernel/module/kallsyms.c
>> +++ b/kernel/module/kallsyms.c
>> @@ -512,15 +512,19 @@ bool module_lookup_lineinfo(struct module *mod, unsigned long addr,
>> {
>
>This and kallsyms_lookup_lineinfo() above look like almost exactly the
>same code twice. Some refactoring would be nice, just so that others
>don't have to read the same code twice, or worse, change the same code
>twice later on.
Makes sense
>[...]
>
>> diff --git a/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c b/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
>> index 609de59f47ffd..9507ed9bcbe55 100644
>> --- a/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
>> +++ b/scripts/gen_lineinfo.c
>> @@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
>> * file containing sorted lookup tables that the kernel uses to annotate
>> * stack traces with source file:line information.
>> *
>> + * The output uses a block-indexed, delta-encoded, ULEB128-compressed format
>> + * for ~3-4x size reduction compared to flat arrays.
>> + *
>> * Requires libdw from elfutils.
>> */
>>
>> @@ -53,6 +56,15 @@ static struct file_entry *files;
>> static unsigned int num_files;
>> static unsigned int files_capacity;
>>
>> +/* Compressed output */
>> +static unsigned char *compressed_data;
>> +static unsigned int compressed_size;
>> +static unsigned int compressed_capacity;
>> +
>> +static unsigned int *block_addrs;
>> +static unsigned int *block_offsets;
>> +static unsigned int num_blocks;
>> +
>> #define FILE_HASH_BITS 13
>> #define FILE_HASH_SIZE (1 << FILE_HASH_BITS)
>>
>> @@ -352,6 +364,93 @@ static void deduplicate(void)
>> num_entries = j + 1;
>> }
>>
>> +static void compressed_ensure(unsigned int need)
>> +{
>> + if (compressed_size + need <= compressed_capacity)
>> + return;
>> + compressed_capacity = compressed_capacity ? compressed_capacity * 2 : 1024 * 1024;
>> + while (compressed_capacity < compressed_size + need)
>> + compressed_capacity *= 2;
>> + compressed_data = realloc(compressed_data, compressed_capacity);
>> + if (!compressed_data) {
>> + fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
>> + exit(1);
>> + }
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void compress_entries(void)
>> +{
>> + unsigned int i, block;
>> +
>> + if (num_entries == 0) {
>> + num_blocks = 0;
>> + return;
>> + }
>> +
>> + num_blocks = (num_entries + LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES - 1) / LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES;
>> + block_addrs = calloc(num_blocks, sizeof(*block_addrs));
>> + block_offsets = calloc(num_blocks, sizeof(*block_offsets));
>> + if (!block_addrs || !block_offsets) {
>> + fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
>> + exit(1);
>> + }
>> +
>> + for (block = 0; block < num_blocks; block++) {
>> + unsigned int base = block * LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES;
>> + unsigned int count = num_entries - base;
>> + unsigned int prev_addr, prev_file_id, prev_line;
>> + unsigned char buf[10]; /* max 5 bytes per ULEB128 */
>> +
>> + if (count > LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES)
>> + count = LINEINFO_BLOCK_ENTRIES;
>> +
>> + block_addrs[block] = entries[base].offset;
>> + block_offsets[block] = compressed_size;
>> +
>> + /* Entry 0: file_id (ULEB128), line (ULEB128) */
>> + compressed_ensure(20);
>> + compressed_size += lineinfo_write_uleb128(
>> + compressed_data + compressed_size,
>> + entries[base].file_id);
>> + compressed_size += lineinfo_write_uleb128(
>> + compressed_data + compressed_size,
>> + entries[base].line);
>> +
>> + prev_addr = entries[base].offset;
>> + prev_file_id = entries[base].file_id;
>> + prev_line = entries[base].line;
>> +
>> + /* Entries 1..N: deltas */
>> + for (i = 1; i < count; i++) {
>> + unsigned int idx = base + i;
>> + unsigned int addr_delta;
>> + int32_t file_delta, line_delta;
>> + unsigned int n;
>> +
>> + addr_delta = entries[idx].offset - prev_addr;
>> + file_delta = (int32_t)entries[idx].file_id - (int32_t)prev_file_id;
>> + line_delta = (int32_t)entries[idx].line - (int32_t)prev_line;
>> +
>> + compressed_ensure(15);
>> + n = lineinfo_write_uleb128(buf, addr_delta);
>> + memcpy(compressed_data + compressed_size, buf, n);
>> + compressed_size += n;
>> +
>> + n = lineinfo_write_uleb128(buf, zigzag_encode(file_delta));
>> + memcpy(compressed_data + compressed_size, buf, n);
>> + compressed_size += n;
>> +
>> + n = lineinfo_write_uleb128(buf, zigzag_encode(line_delta));
>> + memcpy(compressed_data + compressed_size, buf, n);
>> + compressed_size += n;
>> +
>> + prev_addr = entries[idx].offset;
>> + prev_file_id = entries[idx].file_id;
>> + prev_line = entries[idx].line;
>> + }
>> + }
>> +}
>> +
>> static void compute_file_offsets(void)
>> {
>> unsigned int offset = 0;
>> @@ -395,28 +494,40 @@ static void output_assembly(void)
>> printf("lineinfo_num_files:\n");
>> printf("\t.long %u\n\n", num_files);
>>
>> - /* Sorted address offsets from _text */
>> - printf("\t.globl lineinfo_addrs\n");
>> + /* Number of blocks */
>> + printf("\t.globl lineinfo_num_blocks\n");
>> printf("\t.balign 4\n");
>> - printf("lineinfo_addrs:\n");
>> - for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
>> - printf("\t.long 0x%x\n", entries[i].offset);
>> - printf("\n");
>> + printf("lineinfo_num_blocks:\n");
>> + printf("\t.long %u\n\n", num_blocks);
>>
>> - /* File IDs, parallel to addrs (u16 -- supports up to 65535 files) */
>> - printf("\t.globl lineinfo_file_ids\n");
>> - printf("\t.balign 2\n");
>> - printf("lineinfo_file_ids:\n");
>> - for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
>> - printf("\t.short %u\n", entries[i].file_id);
>> + /* Block first-addresses for binary search */
>> + printf("\t.globl lineinfo_block_addrs\n");
>> + printf("\t.balign 4\n");
>> + printf("lineinfo_block_addrs:\n");
>> + for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
>> + printf("\t.long 0x%x\n", block_addrs[i]);
>> printf("\n");
>>
>> - /* Line numbers, parallel to addrs */
>> - printf("\t.globl lineinfo_lines\n");
>> + /* Block byte offsets into compressed stream */
>> + printf("\t.globl lineinfo_block_offsets\n");
>> printf("\t.balign 4\n");
>> - printf("lineinfo_lines:\n");
>> - for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
>> - printf("\t.long %u\n", entries[i].line);
>> + printf("lineinfo_block_offsets:\n");
>> + for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
>> + printf("\t.long %u\n", block_offsets[i]);
>> + printf("\n");
>> +
>> + /* Compressed data stream */
>> + printf("\t.globl lineinfo_data\n");
>> + printf("lineinfo_data:\n");
>> + for (unsigned int i = 0; i < compressed_size; i++) {
>> + if ((i % 16) == 0)
>> + printf("\t.byte ");
>> + else
>> + printf(",");
>> + printf("0x%02x", compressed_data[i]);
>> + if ((i % 16) == 15 || i == compressed_size - 1)
>> + printf("\n");
>> + }
>> printf("\n");
>>
>
>Note how compute_file_offsets() gives symbol names to the data it
>generates. Meanwhile...
>
>> /* File string offset table */
>> @@ -450,33 +561,38 @@ static void output_module_assembly(void)
>>
>> printf("\t.section .mod_lineinfo, \"a\"\n\n");
>>
>> - /* Header: num_entries, num_files, filenames_size, reserved */
>> + /* Header: num_entries, num_files, filenames_size, num_blocks, data_size, reserved */
>> printf("\t.balign 4\n");
>> printf("\t.long %u\n", num_entries);
>> printf("\t.long %u\n", num_files);
>> printf("\t.long %u\n", filenames_size);
>> + printf("\t.long %u\n", num_blocks);
>> + printf("\t.long %u\n", compressed_size);
>> printf("\t.long 0\n\n");
>>
>> - /* addrs[] */
>> - for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
>> - printf("\t.long 0x%x\n", entries[i].offset);
>> - if (num_entries)
>> + /* block_addrs[] */
>> + for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
>> + printf("\t.long 0x%x\n", block_addrs[i]);
>> + if (num_blocks)
>> printf("\n");
>>
>For the modules, it's comments in the C code that doesn't end up in the
>assembly.
>
>I'm thinking we could have something like:
>
> printf(".Lmod_lineinfo_block_addrs:\n")
> for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
> printf("\t.long 0x%x\n", ...);
> printf("\n")
>
>(And similarly for the other blocks of data.)
>
>This would make the assembly a tiny bit more readable, get rid of the
>kinda ugly printf("\n") checks and prints, and would be useful for the
>offset + size header format I mentioned earlier.
Makes sense
>> - /* file_ids[] */
>> - for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
>> - printf("\t.short %u\n", entries[i].file_id);
>> -
>> - /* Padding to align lines[] to 4 bytes */
>> - if (num_entries & 1)
>> - printf("\t.short 0\n");
>> - if (num_entries)
>> + /* block_offsets[] */
>> + for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
>> + printf("\t.long %u\n", block_offsets[i]);
>> + if (num_blocks)
>> printf("\n");
>>
>> - /* lines[] */
>> - for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
>> - printf("\t.long %u\n", entries[i].line);
>> - if (num_entries)
>> + /* compressed data[] */
>> + for (unsigned int i = 0; i < compressed_size; i++) {
>> + if ((i % 16) == 0)
>> + printf("\t.byte ");
>> + else
>> + printf(",");
>> + printf("0x%02x", compressed_data[i]);
>> + if ((i % 16) == 15 || i == compressed_size - 1)
>> + printf("\n");
>> + }
>> + if (compressed_size)
>> printf("\n");
>>
>
>Also, maybe we can use .uleb128/.sleb128 here, and generate something like:
>
> printf("\t.sleb128 %#x - %#x\n", cur_addr, prev_addr);
>
>And have the assembler do the subtraction and encoding for us? If that
>works it should significantly simplify the compression code above.
Makes sense
>Speaking of... Why do we use uleb128(zigzag(num)) and not just sleb128(num)?
Because I originally wrote uleb128 to tackle the unsigned fields, and zigzag
was a quick way to handle signed deltas.
But as you point out, if we use .ubleb128/.sleb128 I think we can just drop
zigzag.
>[...]
>
>> @@ -558,10 +674,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
>> skipped_overflow);
>>
>> deduplicate();
>> + compress_entries();
>> compute_file_offsets();
>>
>> - fprintf(stderr, "lineinfo: %u entries, %u files\n",
>> - num_entries, num_files);
>> + fprintf(stderr, "lineinfo: %u entries, %u files, %u blocks, %u compressed bytes\n",
>> + num_entries, num_files, num_blocks, compressed_size);
>>
>> if (module_mode)
>> output_module_assembly();
>> @@ -577,6 +694,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
>> for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
>> free(files[i].name);
>> free(files);
>> + free(compressed_data);
>> + free(block_addrs);
>> + free(block_offsets);
>>
>> return 0;
>> }
>> diff --git a/scripts/kallsyms.c b/scripts/kallsyms.c
>> index 42662c4fbc6c9..94fbdad3df7c6 100644
>> --- a/scripts/kallsyms.c
>> +++ b/scripts/kallsyms.c
>> @@ -80,11 +80,12 @@ static bool is_ignored_symbol(const char *name, char type)
>> {
>> /* Ignore lineinfo symbols for kallsyms pass stability */
>> static const char * const lineinfo_syms[] = {
>> - "lineinfo_addrs",
>> - "lineinfo_file_ids",
>> + "lineinfo_block_addrs",
>> + "lineinfo_block_offsets",
>> + "lineinfo_data",
>> "lineinfo_file_offsets",
>> "lineinfo_filenames",
>> - "lineinfo_lines",
>> + "lineinfo_num_blocks",
>> "lineinfo_num_entries",
>> "lineinfo_num_files",
>> };
>> diff --git a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
>> index 640209f2e9eb9..3c122cf9b95c5 100755
>> --- a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
>> +++ b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
>> @@ -235,12 +235,16 @@ lineinfo_num_entries:
>> .balign 4
>> lineinfo_num_files:
>> .long 0
>> - .globl lineinfo_addrs
>> -lineinfo_addrs:
>> - .globl lineinfo_file_ids
>> -lineinfo_file_ids:
>> - .globl lineinfo_lines
>> -lineinfo_lines:
>> + .globl lineinfo_num_blocks
>> + .balign 4
>> +lineinfo_num_blocks:
>> + .long 0
>> + .globl lineinfo_block_addrs
>> +lineinfo_block_addrs:
>> + .globl lineinfo_block_offsets
>> +lineinfo_block_offsets:
>> + .globl lineinfo_data
>> +lineinfo_data:
>> .globl lineinfo_file_offsets
>> lineinfo_file_offsets:
>> .globl lineinfo_filenames
>
>The contents of this .tmp_lineinfo.S is fixed, so it feels like it could
>just be a proper file, instead of something "generated" dynamically.
Makes sense
--
Thanks,
Sasha
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 15/61] trace: Prefer IS_ERR_OR_NULL over manual NULL check
From: Geert Uytterhoeven @ 2026-03-11 14:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Steven Rostedt
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu (Google), Philipp Hahn, amd-gfx, apparmor, bpf,
ceph-devel, cocci, dm-devel, dri-devel, gfs2, intel-gfx,
intel-wired-lan, iommu, kvm, linux-arm-kernel, linux-block,
linux-bluetooth, linux-btrfs, linux-cifs, linux-clk, linux-erofs,
linux-ext4, linux-fsdevel, linux-gpio, linux-hyperv, linux-input,
linux-kernel, linux-leds, linux-media, linux-mips, linux-mm,
linux-modules, linux-mtd, linux-nfs, linux-omap, linux-phy,
linux-pm, linux-rockchip, linux-s390, linux-scsi, linux-sctp,
linux-security-module, linux-sh, linux-sound, linux-stm32,
linux-trace-kernel, linux-usb, linux-wireless, netdev, ntfs3,
samba-technical, sched-ext, target-devel, tipc-discussion, v9fs,
Mathieu Desnoyers
In-Reply-To: <20260311100332.6a2ce4b1@gandalf.local.home>
Hi Steven,
On Wed, 11 Mar 2026 at 15:03, Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> wrote:
> On Wed, 11 Mar 2026 14:13:32 +0900
> Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> > Hmm, now IS_ERR_OR_NULL() is an inline function, so it is safe.
> > But if you want to use IS_ERR_OR_NULL() here, it will be better something like
> >
> > node = rhashtable_walk_next(&iter);
> > while (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(node)) {
> > fprobe_remove_node_in_module(mod, node, &alist);
> > node = rhashtable_walk_next(&iter);
> > }
>
> But now you need to have a duplicate code in order to acquire "node"
>
> I think the patch just makes the code worse.
Obviously we need a new for_each_*() helper hiding all the gory internals?
Gr{oetje,eeting}s,
Geert
--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- geert@linux-m68k.org
In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
-- Linus Torvalds
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 15/61] trace: Prefer IS_ERR_OR_NULL over manual NULL check
From: Steven Rostedt @ 2026-03-11 14:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Masami Hiramatsu (Google)
Cc: Philipp Hahn, amd-gfx, apparmor, bpf, ceph-devel, cocci, dm-devel,
dri-devel, gfs2, intel-gfx, intel-wired-lan, iommu, kvm,
linux-arm-kernel, linux-block, linux-bluetooth, linux-btrfs,
linux-cifs, linux-clk, linux-erofs, linux-ext4, linux-fsdevel,
linux-gpio, linux-hyperv, linux-input, linux-kernel, linux-leds,
linux-media, linux-mips, linux-mm, linux-modules, linux-mtd,
linux-nfs, linux-omap, linux-phy, linux-pm, linux-rockchip,
linux-s390, linux-scsi, linux-sctp, linux-security-module,
linux-sh, linux-sound, linux-stm32, linux-trace-kernel, linux-usb,
linux-wireless, netdev, ntfs3, samba-technical, sched-ext,
target-devel, tipc-discussion, v9fs, Mathieu Desnoyers
In-Reply-To: <20260311141332.b611237d36b61b2409e66cb3@kernel.org>
On Wed, 11 Mar 2026 14:13:32 +0900
Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> wrote:
> Hmm, now IS_ERR_OR_NULL() is an inline function, so it is safe.
> But if you want to use IS_ERR_OR_NULL() here, it will be better something like
>
> node = rhashtable_walk_next(&iter);
> while (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(node)) {
> fprobe_remove_node_in_module(mod, node, &alist);
> node = rhashtable_walk_next(&iter);
> }
But now you need to have a duplicate code in order to acquire "node"
I think the patch just makes the code worse.
-- Steve
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 36/61] arch/sh: Prefer IS_ERR_OR_NULL over manual NULL check
From: Geert Uytterhoeven @ 2026-03-11 13:15 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Philipp Hahn
Cc: amd-gfx, apparmor, bpf, ceph-devel, cocci, dm-devel, dri-devel,
gfs2, intel-gfx, intel-wired-lan, iommu, kvm, linux-arm-kernel,
linux-block, linux-bluetooth, linux-btrfs, linux-cifs, linux-clk,
linux-erofs, linux-ext4, linux-fsdevel, linux-gpio, linux-hyperv,
linux-input, linux-kernel, linux-leds, linux-media, linux-mips,
linux-mm, linux-modules, linux-mtd, linux-nfs, linux-omap,
linux-phy, linux-pm, linux-rockchip, linux-s390, linux-scsi,
linux-sctp, linux-security-module, linux-sh, linux-sound,
linux-stm32, linux-trace-kernel, linux-usb, linux-wireless,
netdev, ntfs3, samba-technical, sched-ext, target-devel,
tipc-discussion, v9fs, Yoshinori Sato, Rich Felker,
John Paul Adrian Glaubitz
In-Reply-To: <20260310-b4-is_err_or_null-v1-36-bd63b656022d@avm.de>
On Tue, 10 Mar 2026 at 12:56, Philipp Hahn <phahn-oss@avm.de> wrote:
> Prefer using IS_ERR_OR_NULL() over using IS_ERR() and a manual NULL
> check.
>
> Change generated with coccinelle.
>
> To: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
> To: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
> To: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de>
> Cc: linux-sh@vger.kernel.org
> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Philipp Hahn <phahn-oss@avm.de>
Reviewed-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Gr{oetje,eeting}s,
Geert
--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- geert@linux-m68k.org
In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
-- Linus Torvalds
^ permalink raw reply
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