[PATCH v3 00/13] spi: cadence-quadspi: add PHY tuning support

* [PATCH v3 00/13] spi: cadence-quadspi: add PHY tuning support
@ 2026-05-27 17:55 Santhosh Kumar K
  2026-05-27 17:55 ` [PATCH v3 01/13] spi: dt-bindings: allow spi-max-frequency to specify a frequency pair Santhosh Kumar K
                   ` (13 more replies)
  0 siblings, 14 replies; 25+ messages in thread
From: Santhosh Kumar K @ 2026-05-27 17:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: broonie, robh, krzk+dt, conor+dt, miquel.raynal, richard,
	vigneshr, pratyush, mwalle, takahiro.kuwano
  Cc: linux-spi, devicetree, linux-kernel, linux-mtd, praneeth,
	u-kumar1, a-dutta, s-k6

This series implements PHY tuning support for the Cadence QSPI controller
to enable reliable high-speed operations. Without PHY tuning, controllers
use conservative timing that limits performance. PHY tuning calibrates
RX/TX delay lines to find optimal data capture timing windows, enabling
operation up to the controller's maximum frequency.

Background:
High-speed SPI memory controllers require precise timing calibration for
reliable operation. At higher frequencies, board-to-board variations make
fixed timing parameters inadequate. The Cadence QSPI controller includes
a PHY interface with programmable delay lines (0-127 taps) for RX and TX
paths, but these require runtime calibration to find the valid timing
window.

Approach:
Add SDR/DDR PHY tuning algorithms for the Cadence controller:

SDR Mode Tuning (1D search):
 - Searches for two consecutive valid RX delay windows
 - Selects the larger window and uses its midpoint for maximum margin
 - TX delay fixed at maximum (127) as it's less critical in SDR

DDR Mode Tuning (2D search):
 - Finds RX boundaries (rxlow/rxhigh) using TX window sweeps
 - Finds TX boundaries (txlow/txhigh) at fixed RX positions
 - Defines valid region corners and detects gaps via binary search
 - Applies temperature compensation for optimal point selection
 - Handles single or dual passing regions with different strategies

Patch description:
Infrastructure (1-5):
 - Patch 1:   Extend spi-max-frequency DT binding to accept an optional
              second value forming a [base-freq, max-freq] pair
 - Patch 2:   Add cadence-specific cdns,phy-pattern-partition phandle for
              NOR flash PHY tuning pattern location
 - Patch 3:   Parse two-element spi-max-frequency in spi.c; adds
              spi_device.base_speed_hz (0 when a single value is used,
              keeping all existing DT fully compatible)
 - Patch 4:   Add spi_mem_apply_base_freq_cap(), called from
              spi_mem_exec_op() to cap non-PHY ops to base_speed_hz;
              tuned ops bypass the cap because execute_tuning() marks
              them with op->max_freq = max_speed_hz
 - Patch 5:   Add execute_tuning callback to spi_controller_mem_ops and
              spi_mem_execute_tuning() wrapper in SPI-MEM core

Cadence QSPI Implementation (6-10):
 - Patch 6:   Move cqspi_readdata_capture() earlier (preparatory)
 - Patch 7:   Add DQS bit to cqspi_readdata_capture() (preparatory)
 - Patch 8:   Add complete PHY tuning support: DLL management, pattern
              verification (NOR via cdns,phy-pattern-partition phandle,
              NAND via write-to-cache), SDR 1D and DDR 2D search
              algorithms with temperature compensation, AM654-specific
              execute_tuning entry point; base_speed_hz is cleared during
              the tuning loop and restored unconditionally on return
 - Patch 9:   Reject 2-byte-address DDR operations via a new
              CQSPI_NO_2BYTE_ADDR_PHY_DDR quirk flag to work around
              AM654 OSPI erratum i2383
 - Patch 10:  Enable PHY for direct memory-mapped reads (aligned body
              region only; unaligned head and tail run without PHY) and
              for indirect writes >= 1 KB

MTD core (11-13):
 - Patch 11:  Integrate tuning in SPI-NAND probe; propagate the validated
              frequency to all plane dirmaps (primary and secondary op
              templates) and to the persistent write dirmap template
 - Patch 12:  Extract spi_nor_spimem_get_read_op() helper (preparatory)
 - Patch 13:  Integrate tuning in SPI-NOR probe; patch the dirmap op
              template with the validated frequency; store the result in
              nor->max_read_op so all subsequent reads (dirmap and direct)
              pick up the tuned speed automatically

Series dependency:
Merge after: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-spi/20260527173736.2243004-1-s-k6@ti.com/T/#u

Testing:
This series was tested on TI's
AM62Ax SK with OSPI NAND flash and
AM62Px SK with OSPI NOR flash:

Read throughput:
|-------------------------------------|
|           | without PHY | with PHY  |
|-------------------------------------|
| OSPI NOR  | 37.5 MB/s   | 216 MB/s  |
|-------------------------------------|
| OSPI NAND | 9.2 MB/s    | 35.1 MB/s |
|-------------------------------------|

Write throughput:
|-------------------------------------|
|           | without PHY | with PHY  |
|-------------------------------------|
| OSPI NAND | 6 MB/s      | 9.2 MB/s  |
|-------------------------------------|

Test log: https://gist.github.com/santhosh21/3434d062f31622c5877a375218cd49c7
Repo: https://github.com/santhosh21/linux/commits/phy_tuning_v3/

Changes in v3:
 - Drop spi-has-dqs DT property; DQS is now enabled automatically when
   the selected read operation uses DDR signalling (dtr flags in the op)
 - Extend spi-max-frequency to accept an optional second value forming a
   [base-freq, max-freq] pair; the presence of two values signals PHY
   tuning intent and encodes both the conservative base speed and the
   calibration target in one property
 - Add base_speed_hz to struct spi_device (spi.c/spi.h) and parse the
   two-element array there; single-value DT is fully backward-compatible
 - Move frequency enforcement from the cadence driver to core: new
   spi_mem_apply_base_freq_cap() called from spi_mem_exec_op() replaces
   the per-driver cqspi_op_matches_tuned() and non_phy_clk_rate field
 - Propagate the tuned max_freq to dirmap op templates after
   execute_tuning() succeeds; store persistent op templates in
   spi_nor.max_read_op and spinand.{max_read,max_write}_op so the
   frequency writeback survives across the probe call
 - Replace NOR pattern partition lookup by name with a
   cdns,phy-pattern-partition DT phandle pointing directly to the
   partition node
 - Add CQSPI_NO_2BYTE_ADDR_PHY_DDR quirk and reject 2-byte-address DDR
   ops in cqspi_supports_mem_op() to work around AM654 erratum i2383
 - Remove RFC tag
 - Rebase on v7.1-rc5
 - Collect tags from Miquel
 - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-spi/20260113141617.1905039-1-s-k6@ti.com/

Changes in v2:
 - Restructure the .execute_tuning() call from spi-mem clients instead
   of mtdcore with best read_op and write_op (optional) passed
 - Add compatible-specific .execute_tuning() call which can be called by
   spi_mem_execute_tuning() if exists
 - Handle tuning requirement check by controller instead of spi-mem
   clients
 - Add support to write the phy_pattern to cache if relevant write_op
   is passed or get the partition offset which contains the phy_pattern
 - Add tuning algorithm for DDR mode
 - Add support for DQS
 - Restrict PHY frequency to tuned operations
 - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-spi/20250811193219.731851-1-s-k6@ti.com/

Signed-off-by: Santhosh Kumar K <s-k6@ti.com>

Pratyush Yadav (1):
  mtd: spi-nor: extract read op template construction into helper

Santhosh Kumar K (12):
  spi: dt-bindings: allow spi-max-frequency to specify a frequency pair
  spi: dt-bindings: cdns,qspi-nor: add PHY tuning pattern partition
    property
  spi: parse two-element spi-max-frequency property
  spi: spi-mem: add spi_mem_apply_base_freq_cap()
  spi: spi-mem: add execute_tuning callback and spi_mem_execute_tuning()
  spi: cadence-quadspi: move cqspi_readdata_capture earlier
  spi: cadence-quadspi: add DQS support to read data capture
  spi: cadence-quadspi: add PHY tuning support
  spi: cadence-quadspi: reject 2-byte-address DDR ops on PHY-tunable
    hardware
  spi: cadence-quadspi: enable PHY for direct reads and indirect writes
  mtd: spinand: run PHY tuning after init and update dirmap frequencies
  mtd: spi-nor: run PHY tuning after init and update dirmap frequency

 .../spi/cdns,qspi-nor-peripheral-props.yaml   |    8 +
 .../bindings/spi/spi-peripheral-props.yaml    |   10 +-
 drivers/mtd/nand/spi/core.c                   |   35 +
 drivers/mtd/spi-nor/core.c                    |   85 +-
 drivers/spi/spi-cadence-quadspi.c             | 2267 +++++++++++++++--
 drivers/spi/spi-mem.c                         |   57 +-
 drivers/spi/spi.c                             |   17 +-
 include/linux/mtd/spi-nor.h                   |    3 +
 include/linux/mtd/spinand.h                   |    4 +
 include/linux/spi/spi-mem.h                   |   10 +
 include/linux/spi/spi.h                       |    2 +
 11 files changed, 2308 insertions(+), 190 deletions(-)

-- 
2.34.1

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