[PATCH 2/4] refcount: add ref_trace_final_put tracepoint

[PATCH 2/4] refcount: add ref_trace_final_put tracepoint

[Eugene Mavick]

Add the ref_trace_final_put tracepoint to __refcount_sub_and_test().
This fires when a refcount_t reaches zero, capturing the caller
address, the function name, and the refcount_t address.

Signed-off-by: Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>
---
 include/linux/refcount.h | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/linux/refcount.h b/include/linux/refcount.h
index ba7657ced281..7b1fbf326a21 100644
--- a/include/linux/refcount.h
+++ b/include/linux/refcount.h
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@
 #include <linux/limits.h>
 #include <linux/refcount_types.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock_types.h>
+#include <linux/ref_trace.h>
 
 struct mutex;
 
@@ -393,6 +394,7 @@ bool __refcount_sub_and_test(int i, refcount_t *r, int *oldp)
 
 	if (old > 0 && old == i) {
 		smp_acquire__after_ctrl_dep();
+		trace_ref_final_put(r);
 		return true;
 	}
 

-- 
2.51.2

[PATCH 3/4] percpu-refcount: add ref_trace_final_put trace

[Eugene Mavick]

Add the ref_trace_final_put tracepoint to percpu_ref_put_many().
The tracepoint fires when the atomic counter reaches zero in the
atomic fallback path (after percpu_ref_kill() has been called).

Signed-off-by: Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>
---
 include/linux/percpu-refcount.h | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h b/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
index d73a1c08c3e3..55543ecdf60c 100644
--- a/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
+++ b/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/gfp.h>
+#include <linux/ref_trace.h>
 
 struct percpu_ref;
 typedef void (percpu_ref_func_t)(struct percpu_ref *);
@@ -331,8 +332,10 @@ static inline void percpu_ref_put_many(struct percpu_ref *ref, unsigned long nr)
 
 	if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))
 		this_cpu_sub(*percpu_count, nr);
-	else if (unlikely(atomic_long_sub_and_test(nr, &ref->data->count)))
+	else if (unlikely(atomic_long_sub_and_test(nr, &ref->data->count))) {
+		trace_ref_final_put(ref);
 		ref->data->release(ref);
+	}
 
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }

-- 
2.51.2

[PATCH 0/4] tracing: add ref_trace_final_put tracing

[Eugene Mavick]

When debugging use-after-free(UAF) bugs, knowing when the object reaches
0 references and enters final release can significantly aide the
debugging process.

There is currently no universal way to trace this information.

This patches traces the final puts in the most widely used refcounting
implementations, refcount_t(and thus kref which uses it), and
percpu-ref.

The tracepoint records three fields:
- caller: function that called the refcounting
  function(refcount_sub_and_test, percpu_ref_put_many)
- fn: refcounting function(eg refcount_sub_and_test)
- obj: refcount object(struct percpu_ref, refcount_t) 

Signed-off-by: Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>
---
Eugene Mavick (4):
      tracing: add ref_trace_final_put tracepoint
      refcount: add ref_trace_final_put tracepoint
      percpu-refcount: add ref_trace_final_put trace
      kunit: add test for ref_trace_final_put

 MAINTAINERS                      |   3 +
 include/linux/percpu-refcount.h  |   5 +-
 include/linux/ref_trace.h        |  26 ++++++++
 include/linux/refcount.h         |   2 +
 include/trace/events/ref_trace.h |  46 +++++++++++++
 lib/Kconfig                      |  10 +++
 lib/Makefile                     |   2 +
 lib/ref_trace.c                  |  12 ++++
 lib/tests/Makefile               |   1 +
 lib/tests/ref_trace_kunit.c      | 138 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 10 files changed, 244 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
---
base-commit: df685633c3dbc67441cc86f1c3fee58de4652ba2
change-id: 20260624-refcount-final-put-trace-49bd7c39bd5a

Best regards,
-- 
Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>

[PATCH 3/4] percpu-refcount: add ref_trace_final_put trace

[Eugene Mavick]

Add the ref_trace_final_put tracepoint to percpu_ref_put_many().
The tracepoint fires when the atomic counter reaches zero in the
atomic fallback path (after percpu_ref_kill() has been called).

Signed-off-by: Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>
---
 include/linux/percpu-refcount.h | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h b/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
index d73a1c08c3e3..55543ecdf60c 100644
--- a/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
+++ b/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/gfp.h>
+#include <linux/ref_trace.h>
 
 struct percpu_ref;
 typedef void (percpu_ref_func_t)(struct percpu_ref *);
@@ -331,8 +332,10 @@ static inline void percpu_ref_put_many(struct percpu_ref *ref, unsigned long nr)
 
 	if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))
 		this_cpu_sub(*percpu_count, nr);
-	else if (unlikely(atomic_long_sub_and_test(nr, &ref->data->count)))
+	else if (unlikely(atomic_long_sub_and_test(nr, &ref->data->count))) {
+		trace_ref_final_put(ref);
 		ref->data->release(ref);
+	}
 
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }

-- 
2.51.2

[PATCH 0/4] tracing: add ref_trace_final_put tracing

[Eugene Mavick]

When debugging use-after-free(UAF) bugs, knowing when the object reaches
0 references and enters final release can significantly aide the
debugging process.

There is currently no universal way to trace this information.

This patches traces the final puts in the most widely used refcounting
implementations, refcount_t(and thus kref which uses it), and
percpu-ref.

The tracepoint records three fields:
- caller: function that called the refcounting
  function(refcount_sub_and_test, percpu_ref_put_many)
- fn: refcounting function(eg refcount_sub_and_test)
- obj: refcount object(struct percpu_ref, refcount_t) 

Signed-off-by: Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>
---
Eugene Mavick (4):
      tracing: add ref_trace_final_put tracepoint
      refcount: add ref_trace_final_put tracepoint
      percpu-refcount: add ref_trace_final_put trace
      kunit: add test for ref_trace_final_put

 MAINTAINERS                      |   3 +
 include/linux/percpu-refcount.h  |   5 +-
 include/linux/ref_trace.h        |  26 ++++++++
 include/linux/refcount.h         |   2 +
 include/trace/events/ref_trace.h |  46 +++++++++++++
 lib/Kconfig                      |  10 +++
 lib/Makefile                     |   2 +
 lib/ref_trace.c                  |  12 ++++
 lib/tests/Makefile               |   1 +
 lib/tests/ref_trace_kunit.c      | 138 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 10 files changed, 244 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
---
base-commit: df685633c3dbc67441cc86f1c3fee58de4652ba2
change-id: 20260624-refcount-final-put-trace-49bd7c39bd5a

Best regards,
-- 
Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>

[PATCH 3/4] percpu-refcount: add ref_trace_final_put trace

[Eugene Mavick]

Add the ref_trace_final_put tracepoint to percpu_ref_put_many().
The tracepoint fires when the atomic counter reaches zero in the
atomic fallback path (after percpu_ref_kill() has been called).

Signed-off-by: Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>
---
 include/linux/percpu-refcount.h | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h b/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
index d73a1c08c3e3..55543ecdf60c 100644
--- a/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
+++ b/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/gfp.h>
+#include <linux/ref_trace.h>
 
 struct percpu_ref;
 typedef void (percpu_ref_func_t)(struct percpu_ref *);
@@ -331,8 +332,10 @@ static inline void percpu_ref_put_many(struct percpu_ref *ref, unsigned long nr)
 
 	if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))
 		this_cpu_sub(*percpu_count, nr);
-	else if (unlikely(atomic_long_sub_and_test(nr, &ref->data->count)))
+	else if (unlikely(atomic_long_sub_and_test(nr, &ref->data->count))) {
+		trace_ref_final_put(ref);
 		ref->data->release(ref);
+	}
 
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }

-- 
2.51.2

[PATCH 0/4] tracing: add ref_trace_final_put tracing

[Eugene Mavick via B4 Relay]

When debugging use-after-free(UAF) bugs, knowing when the object reaches
0 references and enters final release can significantly aide the
debugging process.

There is currently no universal way to trace this information.

This patches traces the final puts in the most widely used refcounting
implementations, refcount_t(and thus kref which uses it), and
percpu-ref.

The tracepoint records three fields:
- caller: function that called the refcounting
  function(refcount_sub_and_test, percpu_ref_put_many)
- fn: refcounting function(eg refcount_sub_and_test)
- obj: refcount object(struct percpu_ref, refcount_t) 

Signed-off-by: Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>
---
Eugene Mavick (4):
      tracing: add ref_trace_final_put tracepoint
      refcount: add ref_trace_final_put tracepoint
      percpu-refcount: add ref_trace_final_put trace
      kunit: add test for ref_trace_final_put

 MAINTAINERS                      |   3 +
 include/linux/percpu-refcount.h  |   5 +-
 include/linux/ref_trace.h        |  26 ++++++++
 include/linux/refcount.h         |   2 +
 include/trace/events/ref_trace.h |  46 +++++++++++++
 lib/Kconfig                      |  10 +++
 lib/Makefile                     |   2 +
 lib/ref_trace.c                  |  12 ++++
 lib/tests/Makefile               |   1 +
 lib/tests/ref_trace_kunit.c      | 138 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 10 files changed, 244 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
---
base-commit: df685633c3dbc67441cc86f1c3fee58de4652ba2
change-id: 20260624-refcount-final-put-trace-49bd7c39bd5a

Best regards,
-- 
Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>

[PATCH 3/4] percpu-refcount: add ref_trace_final_put trace

[Eugene Mavick via B4 Relay]

From: Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>

Add the ref_trace_final_put tracepoint to percpu_ref_put_many().
The tracepoint fires when the atomic counter reaches zero in the
atomic fallback path (after percpu_ref_kill() has been called).

Signed-off-by: Eugene Mavick <m@mavick.dev>
---
 include/linux/percpu-refcount.h | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h b/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
index d73a1c08c3e3..55543ecdf60c 100644
--- a/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
+++ b/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/gfp.h>
+#include <linux/ref_trace.h>
 
 struct percpu_ref;
 typedef void (percpu_ref_func_t)(struct percpu_ref *);
@@ -331,8 +332,10 @@ static inline void percpu_ref_put_many(struct percpu_ref *ref, unsigned long nr)
 
 	if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))
 		this_cpu_sub(*percpu_count, nr);
-	else if (unlikely(atomic_long_sub_and_test(nr, &ref->data->count)))
+	else if (unlikely(atomic_long_sub_and_test(nr, &ref->data->count))) {
+		trace_ref_final_put(ref);
 		ref->data->release(ref);
+	}
 
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }

-- 
2.51.2