[PATCH v2 0/4] SEV re-initialization fixes

[PATCH v2 0/4] SEV re-initialization fixes

[Tycho Andersen]

From: "Tycho Andersen (AMD)" <tycho@kernel.org>

Here is a v2 of the HSAVE_PA clearing fixes. Changes are:

* return ENODEV instead EINVAL for the re-init cases
* note ABI breakage in patch 3's commit log
* CC stable on all the patches

v1 is here: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260427161507.32686-1-tycho@kernel.org/

Thanks,

Tycho

Tycho Andersen (AMD) (4):
  crypto/ccp: Do not initialize SNP for SEV ioctls
  crypto/ccp: Do not initialize SNP for ioctl(SNP_COMMIT)
  crypto/ccp: Do not initialize SNP for ioctl(SNP_VLEK_LOAD)
  crypto/ccp: Do not initialize SNP for ioctl(SNP_CONFIG)

 drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c | 70 ++++++------------------------------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)


base-commit: 7fd2df204f342fc17d1a0bfcd474b24232fb0f32
-- 
2.54.0

[PATCH v2 1/4] crypto/ccp: Do not initialize SNP for SEV ioctls

[Tycho Andersen]

From: "Tycho Andersen (AMD)" <tycho@kernel.org>

Sashiko notes:

> if SEV initialization fails and KVM is actively running normal VMs, could a
> userspace process trigger this code path via /dev/sev ioctls (e.g.,
> SEV_PDH_GEN) and zero out MSR_VM_HSAVE_PA globally? Would the next VMRUN
> execution for an active VM trigger a general protection fault and crash the
> host?

sev_move_to_init_state() is called for ioctls requiring only SEV firmware:
SEV_PEK_GEN, SEV_PDH_GEN, SEV_PEK_CSR, SEV_PEK_CERT_IMPORT, and
SEV_PDH_CERT_EXPORT. After the firmware command, it does SEV_SHUTDOWN on
the SEV firmware. Since these commands do not require SNP to be
initialized, skip it by calling __sev_platform_init_locked() which only
initializes the SEV firmware. This way SNP is not Initialized at all, and
HSAVE_PA is not cleared.

The previous code saved any SEV initialization firmware error to
init_args.error and then threw it away and hardcoded the return value of
INVALID_PLATFORM_STATE regardless of the real firmware error. This patch
changes it to surface the underlying error, which is hopefully both more
useful and doesn't cause any problems.

Note that it is still safe to call __sev_firmware_shutdown() directly: it
calls __sev_snp_shutdown_locked(), which skips SNP shutdown if SNP was not
initialized.

Fixes: ceac7fb89e8d ("crypto: ccp - Ensure implicit SEV/SNP init and shutdown in ioctls")
Reported-by: Sashiko
Assisted-by: Gemini:gemini-3.1-pro-preview
Link: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260324161301.1353976-1-tycho%40kernel.org
CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tycho Andersen (AMD) <tycho@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
---
 drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c | 7 ++-----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
index d1e9e0ac63b6..6891b90bbb88 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
@@ -1716,14 +1716,11 @@ static int sev_get_platform_state(int *state, int *error)
 
 static int sev_move_to_init_state(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool *shutdown_required)
 {
-	struct sev_platform_init_args init_args = {0};
 	int rc;
 
-	rc = _sev_platform_init_locked(&init_args);
-	if (rc) {
-		argp->error = SEV_RET_INVALID_PLATFORM_STATE;
+	rc = __sev_platform_init_locked(&argp->error);
+	if (rc)
 		return rc;
-	}
 
 	*shutdown_required = true;
 
-- 
2.54.0

[PATCH v2 2/4] crypto/ccp: Do not initialize SNP for ioctl(SNP_COMMIT)

[Tycho Andersen]

From: "Tycho Andersen (AMD)" <tycho@kernel.org>

Sashiko notes:

> if SEV initialization fails and KVM is actively running normal VMs, could a
> userspace process trigger this code path via /dev/sev ioctls (e.g.,
> SEV_PDH_GEN) and zero out MSR_VM_HSAVE_PA globally? Would the next VMRUN
> execution for an active VM trigger a general protection fault and crash the
> host?

The SNP_COMMIT command does not require the firmware to be in any
particular state. Skip initializing it if it was previously uninitialized.

The SEV-SNP firmware specification doc 56860 does not mention SNP_COMMIT in
Table 5 as a command that is allowed in the UNINIT state, but it is in fact
allowed and a future documentation update will reflect that.

Fixes: ceac7fb89e8d ("crypto: ccp - Ensure implicit SEV/SNP init and shutdown in ioctls")
Reported-by: Sashiko
Assisted-by: Gemini:gemini-3.1-pro-preview
Link: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260324161301.1353976-1-tycho%40kernel.org
CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tycho Andersen (AMD) <tycho@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
---
 drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c | 13 +------------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
index 6891b90bbb88..572f06368d4b 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
@@ -2437,24 +2437,13 @@ static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_platform_status(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp)
 
 static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_commit(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp)
 {
-	struct sev_device *sev = psp_master->sev_data;
 	struct sev_data_snp_commit buf;
-	bool shutdown_required = false;
-	int ret, error;
-
-	if (!sev->snp_initialized) {
-		ret = snp_move_to_init_state(argp, &shutdown_required);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-	}
+	int ret;
 
 	buf.len = sizeof(buf);
 
 	ret = __sev_do_cmd_locked(SEV_CMD_SNP_COMMIT, &buf, &argp->error);
 
-	if (shutdown_required)
-		__sev_snp_shutdown_locked(&error, false);
-
 	return ret;
 }
 
-- 
2.54.0

[PATCH v2 3/4] crypto/ccp: Do not initialize SNP for ioctl(SNP_VLEK_LOAD)

[Tycho Andersen]

From: "Tycho Andersen (AMD)" <tycho@kernel.org>

Sashiko notes:

> if SEV initialization fails and KVM is actively running normal VMs, could a
> userspace process trigger this code path via /dev/sev ioctls (e.g.,
> SEV_PDH_GEN) and zero out MSR_VM_HSAVE_PA globally? Would the next VMRUN
> execution for an active VM trigger a general protection fault and crash the
> host?

The SEV firmware docs for SNP_VLEK_LOAD note:

> On SNP_SHUTDOWN, the VLEK is deleted.

That is, the initialization/shutdown wrapper here is pointless, because the
firmware immediately throws away the key anyway. Instead, refuse to do
anything if SNP has not been previously initialized.

This is an ABI break: before, this was a no-op and almost certainly a
mistake by userspace, and now it returns -ENODEV. ABI compatibility could be
maintained here by simply returning 0 in the check instead.

Fixes: ceac7fb89e8d ("crypto: ccp - Ensure implicit SEV/SNP init and shutdown in ioctls")
Reported-by: Sashiko
Assisted-by: Gemini:gemini-3.1-pro-preview
Link: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260324161301.1353976-1-tycho%40kernel.org
CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tycho Andersen (AMD) <tycho@kernel.org>
---
 drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c | 17 ++++-------------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
index 572f06368d4b..ad6c2525a305 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
@@ -2481,9 +2481,8 @@ static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_vlek_load(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable)
 {
 	struct sev_device *sev = psp_master->sev_data;
 	struct sev_user_data_snp_vlek_load input;
-	bool shutdown_required = false;
-	int ret, error;
 	void *blob;
+	int ret;
 
 	if (!argp->data)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -2491,6 +2490,9 @@ static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_vlek_load(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable)
 	if (!writable)
 		return -EPERM;
 
+	if (!sev->snp_initialized)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
 	if (copy_from_user(&input, u64_to_user_ptr(argp->data), sizeof(input)))
 		return -EFAULT;
 
@@ -2504,18 +2506,7 @@ static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_vlek_load(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable)
 
 	input.vlek_wrapped_address = __psp_pa(blob);
 
-	if (!sev->snp_initialized) {
-		ret = snp_move_to_init_state(argp, &shutdown_required);
-		if (ret)
-			goto cleanup;
-	}
-
 	ret = __sev_do_cmd_locked(SEV_CMD_SNP_VLEK_LOAD, &input, &argp->error);
-
-	if (shutdown_required)
-		__sev_snp_shutdown_locked(&error, false);
-
-cleanup:
 	kfree(blob);
 
 	return ret;
-- 
2.54.0

Re: [PATCH v2 3/4] crypto/ccp: Do not initialize SNP for ioctl(SNP_VLEK_LOAD)

[Tom Lendacky]

On 5/4/26 11:51, Tycho Andersen wrote:
> From: "Tycho Andersen (AMD)" <tycho@kernel.org>
> 
> Sashiko notes:
> 
>> if SEV initialization fails and KVM is actively running normal VMs, could a
>> userspace process trigger this code path via /dev/sev ioctls (e.g.,
>> SEV_PDH_GEN) and zero out MSR_VM_HSAVE_PA globally? Would the next VMRUN
>> execution for an active VM trigger a general protection fault and crash the
>> host?
> 
> The SEV firmware docs for SNP_VLEK_LOAD note:
> 
>> On SNP_SHUTDOWN, the VLEK is deleted.
> 
> That is, the initialization/shutdown wrapper here is pointless, because the
> firmware immediately throws away the key anyway. Instead, refuse to do
> anything if SNP has not been previously initialized.
> 
> This is an ABI break: before, this was a no-op and almost certainly a
> mistake by userspace, and now it returns -ENODEV. ABI compatibility could be
> maintained here by simply returning 0 in the check instead.
> 
> Fixes: ceac7fb89e8d ("crypto: ccp - Ensure implicit SEV/SNP init and shutdown in ioctls")
> Reported-by: Sashiko
> Assisted-by: Gemini:gemini-3.1-pro-preview
> Link: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260324161301.1353976-1-tycho%40kernel.org
> CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
> Signed-off-by: Tycho Andersen (AMD) <tycho@kernel.org>

Reviewed-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>

> ---
>  drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c | 17 ++++-------------
>  1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
> index 572f06368d4b..ad6c2525a305 100644
> --- a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
> +++ b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
> @@ -2481,9 +2481,8 @@ static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_vlek_load(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable)
>  {
>  	struct sev_device *sev = psp_master->sev_data;
>  	struct sev_user_data_snp_vlek_load input;
> -	bool shutdown_required = false;
> -	int ret, error;
>  	void *blob;
> +	int ret;
>  
>  	if (!argp->data)
>  		return -EINVAL;
> @@ -2491,6 +2490,9 @@ static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_vlek_load(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable)
>  	if (!writable)
>  		return -EPERM;
>  
> +	if (!sev->snp_initialized)
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +
>  	if (copy_from_user(&input, u64_to_user_ptr(argp->data), sizeof(input)))
>  		return -EFAULT;
>  
> @@ -2504,18 +2506,7 @@ static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_vlek_load(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable)
>  
>  	input.vlek_wrapped_address = __psp_pa(blob);
>  
> -	if (!sev->snp_initialized) {
> -		ret = snp_move_to_init_state(argp, &shutdown_required);
> -		if (ret)
> -			goto cleanup;
> -	}
> -
>  	ret = __sev_do_cmd_locked(SEV_CMD_SNP_VLEK_LOAD, &input, &argp->error);
> -
> -	if (shutdown_required)
> -		__sev_snp_shutdown_locked(&error, false);
> -
> -cleanup:
>  	kfree(blob);
>  
>  	return ret;

[PATCH v2 4/4] crypto/ccp: Do not initialize SNP for ioctl(SNP_CONFIG)

[Tycho Andersen]

From: "Tycho Andersen (AMD)" <tycho@kernel.org>

Sashiko notes:

> if SEV initialization fails and KVM is actively running normal VMs, could a
> userspace process trigger this code path via /dev/sev ioctls (e.g.,
> SEV_PDH_GEN) and zero out MSR_VM_HSAVE_PA globally? Would the next VMRUN
> execution for an active VM trigger a general protection fault and crash the
> host?

Refuse to re-try initialization if SNP is not already initialized for
SNP_CONFIG.

This is technically an ABI break: before if SNP initialization failed it
could be transparently retriggered by this ioctl, and if no VMs were
running, everything worked fine. Hopefully this is enough of a corner case
that nobody will notice, but someone does, there are a few options:

* do something like symbol_get() for kvm and refuse to initialize if KVM is
  loaded
* check each cpu's HSAVE_PA for non-zero data before re-initializing
* once initialization has failed, continue to refuse to initialize until
  the ccp module is unloaded

Fixes: ceac7fb89e8d ("crypto: ccp - Ensure implicit SEV/SNP init and shutdown in ioctls")
Reported-by: Sashiko
Assisted-by: Gemini:gemini-3.1-pro-preview
Link: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260324161301.1353976-1-tycho%40kernel.org
CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tycho Andersen (AMD) <tycho@kernel.org>
---
 drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c | 33 ++++-----------------------------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
index ad6c2525a305..7c4dd57fabb9 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
@@ -1727,21 +1727,6 @@ static int sev_move_to_init_state(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool *shutdown_req
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int snp_move_to_init_state(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool *shutdown_required)
-{
-	int error, rc;
-
-	rc = __sev_snp_init_locked(&error, 0);
-	if (rc) {
-		argp->error = SEV_RET_INVALID_PLATFORM_STATE;
-		return rc;
-	}
-
-	*shutdown_required = true;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int sev_ioctl_do_reset(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable)
 {
 	int state, rc;
@@ -2451,8 +2436,6 @@ static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_set_config(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable
 {
 	struct sev_device *sev = psp_master->sev_data;
 	struct sev_user_data_snp_config config;
-	bool shutdown_required = false;
-	int ret, error;
 
 	if (!argp->data)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -2460,21 +2443,13 @@ static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_set_config(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable
 	if (!writable)
 		return -EPERM;
 
+	if (!sev->snp_initialized)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
 	if (copy_from_user(&config, (void __user *)argp->data, sizeof(config)))
 		return -EFAULT;
 
-	if (!sev->snp_initialized) {
-		ret = snp_move_to_init_state(argp, &shutdown_required);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-	}
-
-	ret = __sev_do_cmd_locked(SEV_CMD_SNP_CONFIG, &config, &argp->error);
-
-	if (shutdown_required)
-		__sev_snp_shutdown_locked(&error, false);
-
-	return ret;
+	return __sev_do_cmd_locked(SEV_CMD_SNP_CONFIG, &config, &argp->error);
 }
 
 static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_vlek_load(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable)
-- 
2.54.0

Re: [PATCH v2 4/4] crypto/ccp: Do not initialize SNP for ioctl(SNP_CONFIG)

[Tom Lendacky]

On 5/4/26 11:51, Tycho Andersen wrote:
> From: "Tycho Andersen (AMD)" <tycho@kernel.org>
> 
> Sashiko notes:
> 
>> if SEV initialization fails and KVM is actively running normal VMs, could a
>> userspace process trigger this code path via /dev/sev ioctls (e.g.,
>> SEV_PDH_GEN) and zero out MSR_VM_HSAVE_PA globally? Would the next VMRUN
>> execution for an active VM trigger a general protection fault and crash the
>> host?
> 
> Refuse to re-try initialization if SNP is not already initialized for
> SNP_CONFIG.
> 
> This is technically an ABI break: before if SNP initialization failed it
> could be transparently retriggered by this ioctl, and if no VMs were
> running, everything worked fine. Hopefully this is enough of a corner case
> that nobody will notice, but someone does, there are a few options:
> 
> * do something like symbol_get() for kvm and refuse to initialize if KVM is
>   loaded
> * check each cpu's HSAVE_PA for non-zero data before re-initializing
> * once initialization has failed, continue to refuse to initialize until
>   the ccp module is unloaded
> 
> Fixes: ceac7fb89e8d ("crypto: ccp - Ensure implicit SEV/SNP init and shutdown in ioctls")
> Reported-by: Sashiko
> Assisted-by: Gemini:gemini-3.1-pro-preview
> Link: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260324161301.1353976-1-tycho%40kernel.org
> CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
> Signed-off-by: Tycho Andersen (AMD) <tycho@kernel.org>

Reviewed-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>

> ---
>  drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c | 33 ++++-----------------------------
>  1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
> index ad6c2525a305..7c4dd57fabb9 100644
> --- a/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
> +++ b/drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c
> @@ -1727,21 +1727,6 @@ static int sev_move_to_init_state(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool *shutdown_req
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> -static int snp_move_to_init_state(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool *shutdown_required)
> -{
> -	int error, rc;
> -
> -	rc = __sev_snp_init_locked(&error, 0);
> -	if (rc) {
> -		argp->error = SEV_RET_INVALID_PLATFORM_STATE;
> -		return rc;
> -	}
> -
> -	*shutdown_required = true;
> -
> -	return 0;
> -}
> -
>  static int sev_ioctl_do_reset(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable)
>  {
>  	int state, rc;
> @@ -2451,8 +2436,6 @@ static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_set_config(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable
>  {
>  	struct sev_device *sev = psp_master->sev_data;
>  	struct sev_user_data_snp_config config;
> -	bool shutdown_required = false;
> -	int ret, error;
>  
>  	if (!argp->data)
>  		return -EINVAL;
> @@ -2460,21 +2443,13 @@ static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_set_config(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable
>  	if (!writable)
>  		return -EPERM;
>  
> +	if (!sev->snp_initialized)
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +
>  	if (copy_from_user(&config, (void __user *)argp->data, sizeof(config)))
>  		return -EFAULT;
>  
> -	if (!sev->snp_initialized) {
> -		ret = snp_move_to_init_state(argp, &shutdown_required);
> -		if (ret)
> -			return ret;
> -	}
> -
> -	ret = __sev_do_cmd_locked(SEV_CMD_SNP_CONFIG, &config, &argp->error);
> -
> -	if (shutdown_required)
> -		__sev_snp_shutdown_locked(&error, false);
> -
> -	return ret;
> +	return __sev_do_cmd_locked(SEV_CMD_SNP_CONFIG, &config, &argp->error);
>  }
>  
>  static int sev_ioctl_do_snp_vlek_load(struct sev_issue_cmd *argp, bool writable)