[PATCH] drivers/perf: riscv: do not restart throttled events after overflow

[PATCH] drivers/perf: riscv: do not restart throttled events after overflow

[Zhanpeng Zhang]

Perf core uses `event->hw.interrupts == MAX_INTERRUPTS` to keep
throttled events stopped until it explicitly unthrottles them later.

However, current RISC-V Perf/PMU system unconditionally restarts all the
counters at the end of overflow handler, which bypasses the perf core's
throttle mechanism. Therefore, an unreasonable small sampling period
such as `perf top -c 20` may cause an IRQ storm and eventually leads to
soft lockup.

Fix this by filtering the counter start/restart mask: do not restart
counters for events already marked as throttled by the perf core. This
retains the throttle effect and prevents interrupt storms in such
workloads.

Signed-off-by: Zhanpeng Zhang <zhangzhanpeng.jasper@bytedance.com>
---
 drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c b/drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c
index 385af5e6e6d0..664f9b86c468 100644
--- a/drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c
+++ b/drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c
@@ -60,6 +60,33 @@ asm volatile(ALTERNATIVE(						\
 #define PERF_EVENT_FLAG_LEGACY		BIT(SYSCTL_LEGACY)
 
 PMU_FORMAT_ATTR(event, "config:0-55");
+static inline bool rvpmu_perf_event_is_throttled(struct perf_event *event)
+{
+	return event->hw.interrupts == MAX_INTERRUPTS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a mask of counters that must not be restarted.
+ * `base` is the starting bit index to limit the mask to this long word.
+ */
+static inline unsigned long rvpmu_get_throttled_mask(struct perf_event **events,
+						     unsigned long mask,
+						     int base)
+{
+	unsigned long tmp = mask, throttled = 0;
+	int bit = -1;
+	int nr_bits = min_t(int, BITS_PER_LONG, RISCV_MAX_COUNTERS - base);
+
+	for_each_set_bit(bit, &tmp, nr_bits) {
+		struct perf_event *event = events[bit];
+
+		if (!event || rvpmu_perf_event_is_throttled(event))
+			throttled |= BIT(bit);
+	}
+
+	return throttled;
+}
+
 PMU_FORMAT_ATTR(firmware, "config:62-63");
 
 static bool sbi_v2_available;
@@ -1005,6 +1032,8 @@ static inline void pmu_sbi_start_ovf_ctrs_snapshot(struct cpu_hw_events *cpu_hw_
 	for_each_set_bit(idx, cpu_hw_evt->used_hw_ctrs, RISCV_MAX_COUNTERS) {
 		if (ctr_ovf_mask & BIT(idx)) {
 			event = cpu_hw_evt->events[idx];
+			if (!event || rvpmu_perf_event_is_throttled(event))
+				continue;
 			hwc = &event->hw;
 			max_period = riscv_pmu_ctr_get_width_mask(event);
 			init_val = local64_read(&hwc->prev_count) & max_period;
@@ -1017,13 +1046,25 @@ static inline void pmu_sbi_start_ovf_ctrs_snapshot(struct cpu_hw_events *cpu_hw_
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < BITS_TO_LONGS(RISCV_MAX_COUNTERS); i++) {
+		int base = i * BITS_PER_LONG;
+		unsigned long throttled;
+		unsigned long used;
+		unsigned long start_mask;
+
+		used = cpu_hw_evt->used_hw_ctrs[i];
+		throttled = rvpmu_get_throttled_mask(cpu_hw_evt->events + base,
+						     used, base);
+		start_mask = used & ~throttled;
+		if (!start_mask)
+			continue;
+
 		/* Restore the counter values to relative indices for used hw counters */
 		for_each_set_bit(idx, &cpu_hw_evt->used_hw_ctrs[i], BITS_PER_LONG)
 			sdata->ctr_values[idx] =
 					cpu_hw_evt->snapshot_cval_shcopy[idx + i * BITS_PER_LONG];
 		/* Start all the counters in a single shot */
-		sbi_ecall(SBI_EXT_PMU, SBI_EXT_PMU_COUNTER_START, idx * BITS_PER_LONG,
-			  cpu_hw_evt->used_hw_ctrs[i], flag, 0, 0, 0);
+		sbi_ecall(SBI_EXT_PMU, SBI_EXT_PMU_COUNTER_START, i * BITS_PER_LONG,
+			  start_mask, flag, 0, 0, 0);
 	}
 }
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)

Re: [PATCH] drivers/perf: riscv: do not restart throttled events after overflow

[Michael Ellerman]

On 15/4/2026 13:20, Zhanpeng Zhang wrote:
> Perf core uses `event->hw.interrupts == MAX_INTERRUPTS` to keep
> throttled events stopped until it explicitly unthrottles them later.
> 
> However, current RISC-V Perf/PMU system unconditionally restarts all the
> counters at the end of overflow handler, which bypasses the perf core's
> throttle mechanism. Therefore, an unreasonable small sampling period
> such as `perf top -c 20` may cause an IRQ storm and eventually leads to
> soft lockup.
> 
> Fix this by filtering the counter start/restart mask: do not restart
> counters for events already marked as throttled by the perf core. This
> retains the throttle effect and prevents interrupt storms in such
> workloads.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Zhanpeng Zhang <zhangzhanpeng.jasper@bytedance.com>
> ---
>   drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
>   1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c b/drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c
> index 385af5e6e6d0..664f9b86c468 100644
> --- a/drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c
> +++ b/drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c
> @@ -60,6 +60,33 @@ asm volatile(ALTERNATIVE(						\
>   #define PERF_EVENT_FLAG_LEGACY		BIT(SYSCTL_LEGACY)
>   
>   PMU_FORMAT_ATTR(event, "config:0-55");
> +static inline bool rvpmu_perf_event_is_throttled(struct perf_event *event)
> +{
> +	return event->hw.interrupts == MAX_INTERRUPTS;
> +}

I don't see any other arch or driver code looking for hw.interrupts == 
MAX_INTERRUPTS.

The events/core.c code calls event->pmu->stop(event, 0) when an event is 
throttled. I think the arch/driver code should be using that as the 
signal that the event should no longer be running.

So something like filtering out stopped events (PERF_HES_STOPPED) seems 
like it would be the right fix.

> +/*
> + * Return a mask of counters that must not be restarted.
> + * `base` is the starting bit index to limit the mask to this long word.
> + */
> +static inline unsigned long rvpmu_get_throttled_mask(struct perf_event **events,
> +						     unsigned long mask,
> +						     int base)
> +{
> +	unsigned long tmp = mask, throttled = 0;
> +	int bit = -1;
> +	int nr_bits = min_t(int, BITS_PER_LONG, RISCV_MAX_COUNTERS - base);
> +
> +	for_each_set_bit(bit, &tmp, nr_bits) {
> +		struct perf_event *event = events[bit];
> +
> +		if (!event || rvpmu_perf_event_is_throttled(event))
> +			throttled |= BIT(bit);
> +	}
> +
> +	return throttled;
> +}
> +
>   PMU_FORMAT_ATTR(firmware, "config:62-63");
>   
>   static bool sbi_v2_available;
> @@ -1005,6 +1032,8 @@ static inline void pmu_sbi_start_ovf_ctrs_snapshot(struct cpu_hw_events *cpu_hw_
>   	for_each_set_bit(idx, cpu_hw_evt->used_hw_ctrs, RISCV_MAX_COUNTERS) {
>   		if (ctr_ovf_mask & BIT(idx)) {
>   			event = cpu_hw_evt->events[idx];
> +			if (!event || rvpmu_perf_event_is_throttled(event))
> +				continue;
>   			hwc = &event->hw;
>   			max_period = riscv_pmu_ctr_get_width_mask(event);
>   			init_val = local64_read(&hwc->prev_count) & max_period;
> @@ -1017,13 +1046,25 @@ static inline void pmu_sbi_start_ovf_ctrs_snapshot(struct cpu_hw_events *cpu_hw_
>   	}
>   
>   	for (i = 0; i < BITS_TO_LONGS(RISCV_MAX_COUNTERS); i++) {
> +		int base = i * BITS_PER_LONG;
> +		unsigned long throttled;
> +		unsigned long used;
> +		unsigned long start_mask;
> +
> +		used = cpu_hw_evt->used_hw_ctrs[i];
> +		throttled = rvpmu_get_throttled_mask(cpu_hw_evt->events + base,
> +						     used, base);
> +		start_mask = used & ~throttled;
> +		if (!start_mask)
> +			continue;
> +
>   		/* Restore the counter values to relative indices for used hw counters */
>   		for_each_set_bit(idx, &cpu_hw_evt->used_hw_ctrs[i], BITS_PER_LONG)
>   			sdata->ctr_values[idx] =
>   					cpu_hw_evt->snapshot_cval_shcopy[idx + i * BITS_PER_LONG];
>   		/* Start all the counters in a single shot */
> -		sbi_ecall(SBI_EXT_PMU, SBI_EXT_PMU_COUNTER_START, idx * BITS_PER_LONG,
> -			  cpu_hw_evt->used_hw_ctrs[i], flag, 0, 0, 0);
> +		sbi_ecall(SBI_EXT_PMU, SBI_EXT_PMU_COUNTER_START, i * BITS_PER_LONG,
> +			  start_mask, flag, 0, 0, 0);
>   	}
>   }

You only patch the snapshot case. Is the non-snapshot path unaffected? 
If so you should explain why.

Can you identify a commit where the bad behaviour was introduced? Maybe 
when snapshot support was added, if indeed it's only the snapshot path 
that is buggy.

cheers

Re: [PATCH] drivers/perf: riscv: do not restart throttled events after overflow

[kernel test robot]

Hi Zhanpeng,

kernel test robot noticed the following build errors:

[auto build test ERROR on linus/master]
[also build test ERROR on v7.1-rc1 next-20260429]
[If your patch is applied to the wrong git tree, kindly drop us a note.
And when submitting patch, we suggest to use '--base' as documented in
https://git-scm.com/docs/git-format-patch#_base_tree_information]

url:    https://github.com/intel-lab-lkp/linux/commits/Zhanpeng-Zhang/drivers-perf-riscv-do-not-restart-throttled-events-after-overflow/20260416-205442
base:   linus/master
patch link:    https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260415032017.10712-1-zhangzhanpeng.jasper%40bytedance.com
patch subject: [PATCH] drivers/perf: riscv: do not restart throttled events after overflow
config: riscv-allmodconfig (https://download.01.org/0day-ci/archive/20260430/202604302308.Wa7Tg3es-lkp@intel.com/config)
compiler: clang version 23.0.0git (https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project 5bac06718f502014fade905512f1d26d578a18f3)
reproduce (this is a W=1 build): (https://download.01.org/0day-ci/archive/20260430/202604302308.Wa7Tg3es-lkp@intel.com/reproduce)

If you fix the issue in a separate patch/commit (i.e. not just a new version of
the same patch/commit), kindly add following tags
| Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
| Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202604302308.Wa7Tg3es-lkp@intel.com/

All errors (new ones prefixed by >>):

>> drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c:65:33: error: use of undeclared identifier 'MAX_INTERRUPTS'
      65 |         return event->hw.interrupts == MAX_INTERRUPTS;
         |                                        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   1 error generated.


vim +/MAX_INTERRUPTS +65 drivers/perf/riscv_pmu_sbi.c

    61	
    62	PMU_FORMAT_ATTR(event, "config:0-55");
    63	static inline bool rvpmu_perf_event_is_throttled(struct perf_event *event)
    64	{
  > 65		return event->hw.interrupts == MAX_INTERRUPTS;
    66	}
    67	

-- 
0-DAY CI Kernel Test Service
https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests/wiki