[PATCH] nilfs2: handle corrupted checkpoint count gracefully during deletion

[PATCH] nilfs2: handle corrupted checkpoint count gracefully during deletion

[Igor Putko]

Syzkaller reported a kernel warning in nilfs_cpfile_delete_checkpoints()
due to a corrupted checkpoint count on the storage medium where
le32_to_cpu(cp->cp_checkpoints_count) is less than the number of
checkpoints being deleted.
Triggering a WARN_ON() for disk image corruption is suboptimal. Fix
this by returning -EIO and reporting a filesystem error via
nilfs_error() instead of interrupting execution with a kernel warning.

Reported-by: syzbot+79b815da3aec0a6a4d02@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=79b815da3aec0a6a4d02
Signed-off-by: Igor Putko <igorpetindev@gmail.com>
---
 fs/nilfs2/cpfile.c | 20 ++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/nilfs2/cpfile.c b/fs/nilfs2/cpfile.c
index 4bbdc832d..d3349fa58 100644
--- a/fs/nilfs2/cpfile.c
+++ b/fs/nilfs2/cpfile.c
@@ -81,18 +81,26 @@ nilfs_cpfile_block_add_valid_checkpoints(const struct inode *cpfile,
 	return count;
 }
 
-static unsigned int
+static int
 nilfs_cpfile_block_sub_valid_checkpoints(const struct inode *cpfile,
 					 struct buffer_head *bh,
 					 unsigned int n)
 {
 	struct nilfs_checkpoint *cp;
-	unsigned int count;
+	unsigned int checkpoints_count;
+	int count;
 
 	cp = kmap_local_folio(bh->b_folio,
 			      offset_in_folio(bh->b_folio, bh->b_data));
-	WARN_ON(le32_to_cpu(cp->cp_checkpoints_count) < n);
-	count = le32_to_cpu(cp->cp_checkpoints_count) - n;
+	checkpoints_count = le32_to_cpu(cp->cp_checkpoints_count);
+	if (unlikely(checkpoints_count < n)) {
+		nilfs_error(cpfile->i_sb,
+			    "deleted checkpoints count %u exceeds block count %u",
+			    n, checkpoints_count);
+		kunmap_local(cp);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+	count = checkpoints_count - n;
 	cp->cp_checkpoints_count = cpu_to_le32(count);
 	kunmap_local(cp);
 	return count;
@@ -522,6 +530,10 @@ int nilfs_cpfile_delete_checkpoints(struct inode *cpfile,
 		count = nilfs_cpfile_block_sub_valid_checkpoints(cpfile, cp_bh,
 								 nicps);
 		brelse(cp_bh);
+		if (unlikely(count < 0)) {
+			ret = count;
+			break;
+		}
 		if (count)
 			continue;
 
-- 
2.47.3

Re: [PATCH] nilfs2: handle corrupted checkpoint count gracefully during deletion

[Ryusuke Konishi]

On Mon, Jul 6, 2026 at 8:08 PM Igor Putko wrote:
>
> Syzkaller reported a kernel warning in nilfs_cpfile_delete_checkpoints()
> due to a corrupted checkpoint count on the storage medium where
> le32_to_cpu(cp->cp_checkpoints_count) is less than the number of
> checkpoints being deleted.
> Triggering a WARN_ON() for disk image corruption is suboptimal. Fix
> this by returning -EIO and reporting a filesystem error via
> nilfs_error() instead of interrupting execution with a kernel warning.
>
> Reported-by: syzbot+79b815da3aec0a6a4d02@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
> Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=79b815da3aec0a6a4d02
> Signed-off-by: Igor Putko <igorpetindev@gmail.com>
> ---
>  fs/nilfs2/cpfile.c | 20 ++++++++++++++++----
>  1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

Thanks for the patch proposal!

A filesystem inconsistency is indeed the root cause, and WARN_ON is
undesirably catching it.

The proposed fix looks appropriate to me, so I plan to apply it after
running some tests on my end.

Thanks,
Ryusuke Konishi

>
> diff --git a/fs/nilfs2/cpfile.c b/fs/nilfs2/cpfile.c
> index 4bbdc832d..d3349fa58 100644
> --- a/fs/nilfs2/cpfile.c
> +++ b/fs/nilfs2/cpfile.c
> @@ -81,18 +81,26 @@ nilfs_cpfile_block_add_valid_checkpoints(const struct inode *cpfile,
>         return count;
>  }
>
> -static unsigned int
> +static int
>  nilfs_cpfile_block_sub_valid_checkpoints(const struct inode *cpfile,
>                                          struct buffer_head *bh,
>                                          unsigned int n)
>  {
>         struct nilfs_checkpoint *cp;
> -       unsigned int count;
> +       unsigned int checkpoints_count;
> +       int count;
>
>         cp = kmap_local_folio(bh->b_folio,
>                               offset_in_folio(bh->b_folio, bh->b_data));
> -       WARN_ON(le32_to_cpu(cp->cp_checkpoints_count) < n);
> -       count = le32_to_cpu(cp->cp_checkpoints_count) - n;
> +       checkpoints_count = le32_to_cpu(cp->cp_checkpoints_count);
> +       if (unlikely(checkpoints_count < n)) {
> +               nilfs_error(cpfile->i_sb,
> +                           "deleted checkpoints count %u exceeds block count %u",
> +                           n, checkpoints_count);
> +               kunmap_local(cp);
> +               return -EIO;
> +       }
> +       count = checkpoints_count - n;
>         cp->cp_checkpoints_count = cpu_to_le32(count);
>         kunmap_local(cp);
>         return count;
> @@ -522,6 +530,10 @@ int nilfs_cpfile_delete_checkpoints(struct inode *cpfile,
>                 count = nilfs_cpfile_block_sub_valid_checkpoints(cpfile, cp_bh,
>                                                                  nicps);
>                 brelse(cp_bh);
> +               if (unlikely(count < 0)) {
> +                       ret = count;
> +                       break;
> +               }
>                 if (count)
>                         continue;
>
> --
> 2.47.3
>