[for-next][PATCH 00/16] tracing: Updates for v7.3

[for-next][PATCH 00/16] tracing: Updates for v7.3

[Steven Rostedt]

  git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace.git
trace/for-next

Head SHA1: efdcfd9b4f4f07aa70663ee02a79dbdf980bf582


David Laight (1):
      kernel/trace/trace_printk: Use kstrdup() instead of kmalloc() and strcpy()

Markus Elfring (3):
      tracing/user_events: Use seq_putc() in two functions
      tracing/user_events: Replace a seq_printf() call by seq_puts() in user_seq_show()
      fgraph: Use trace_seq_putc() in print_graph_return()

Mykyta Yatsenko (3):
      bpf: Make btf_get_module_btf() and btf_relocate_id() non-static
      tracing: Expose tracepoint BTF ids via tracefs
      selftests/bpf: Add test for tracepoint btf_ids tracefs file

Pengpeng Hou (3):
      tracing: Use __free() for expr_str() buffer
      tracing: Return ERR_PTR() from expr_str()
      tracing: Bound histogram expression strings with seq_buf

Po-Sheng Lin (1):
      tracing: Use strscpy() instead of strcpy() in trace_sched_switch

Samuel Moelius (2):
      tracing: Reject invalid preemptirq_delay_test CPU affinity
      samples/ftrace: Prevent division by zero when nr_function_calls is zero

Steven Rostedt (1):
      tracing: Warn when an event dereferences a pointer in TP_printk()

Woradorn Laodhanadhaworn (1):
      tracing: Use seq_buf for string concatenation

Yu Peng (1):
      tracing: Point constant hist field type to string literal

----
 include/linux/btf.h                                |   2 +
 include/linux/trace_events.h                       |   9 ++
 include/trace/trace_events.h                       |  24 ++++
 kernel/bpf/btf.c                                   |   4 +-
 kernel/trace/preemptirq_delay_test.c               |   9 ++
 kernel/trace/trace_events.c                        | 131 ++++++++++++++++++--
 kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c                   |  96 +++++++++------
 kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c                   |  10 +-
 kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c               |   2 +-
 kernel/trace/trace_printk.c                        |   3 +-
 kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c                  |   6 +-
 kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c                      |  17 +++
 samples/ftrace/ftrace-ops.c                        |   2 +-
 .../testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tp_btf_ids.c  | 132 +++++++++++++++++++++
 14 files changed, 385 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tp_btf_ids.c

[for-next][PATCH 01/16] bpf: Make btf_get_module_btf() and btf_relocate_id() non-static

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>

Drop the static qualifier and add prototypes to <linux/btf.h> so the
tracing core can look up module BTF and translate ids stored by
resolve_btfids (which are local to a module's split BTF) into the
runtime ids used by the kernel.

Used by the upcoming events/<sys>/<event>/btf_ids tracefs interface.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260518-generic_tracepoint-v2-1-b755a5cf67bb@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 include/linux/btf.h | 2 ++
 kernel/bpf/btf.c    | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/btf.h b/include/linux/btf.h
index c09b7994de4e..8f8d3f7a8929 100644
--- a/include/linux/btf.h
+++ b/include/linux/btf.h
@@ -235,6 +235,8 @@ int btf_check_and_fixup_fields(const struct btf *btf, struct btf_record *rec);
 bool btf_type_is_void(const struct btf_type *t);
 s32 btf_find_by_name_kind(const struct btf *btf, const char *name, u8 kind);
 s32 bpf_find_btf_id(const char *name, u32 kind, struct btf **btf_p);
+struct btf *btf_get_module_btf(const struct module *module);
+__u32 btf_relocate_id(const struct btf *btf, __u32 id);
 const struct btf_type *btf_type_skip_modifiers(const struct btf *btf,
 					       u32 id, u32 *res_id);
 const struct btf_type *btf_type_resolve_ptr(const struct btf *btf,
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/btf.c b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
index c4673a54c4ba..3dbf33c0799a 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/btf.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
@@ -6467,7 +6467,7 @@ struct btf *btf_parse_vmlinux(void)
  * split BTF ids will need to be mapped to actual base/split ids for
  * BTF now that it has been relocated.
  */
-static __u32 btf_relocate_id(const struct btf *btf, __u32 id)
+__u32 btf_relocate_id(const struct btf *btf, __u32 id)
 {
 	if (!btf->base_btf || !btf->base_id_map)
 		return id;
@@ -8630,7 +8630,7 @@ struct module *btf_try_get_module(const struct btf *btf)
 /* Returns struct btf corresponding to the struct module.
  * This function can return NULL or ERR_PTR.
  */
-static struct btf *btf_get_module_btf(const struct module *module)
+struct btf *btf_get_module_btf(const struct module *module)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES
 	struct btf_module *btf_mod, *tmp;
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 02/16] tracing: Expose tracepoint BTF ids via tracefs

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>

Add events/<sys>/<event>/btf_ids, a per-template file that exposes
the BTF ids resolve_btfids fills in for each tracepoint:

  btf_obj_id  BTF object owning the ids below
  raw_btf_id  FUNC_PROTO of __bpf_trace_<call> (named args), consumed
              by raw_tp / tp_btf BPF programs
  tp_btf_id   trace_event_raw_<call> ring-buffer record, consumed by
              classic BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT programs

DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS now emits a 2-entry BTF_ID_LIST (FUNC __bpf_trace_*
and STRUCT trace_event_raw_*) and stores the pointer in
trace_event_class.

Per-syscall events under syscalls/ share the handcrafted classes
event_class_syscall_{enter,exit} instead of going through
DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS. Wire those classes to the BTF id lists
generated for sys_enter / sys_exit so all  ~700 per-syscall
events expose the shared dispatcher prototype and record.
The per-syscall events do not own their own tracepoint
(they share sys_enter/sys_exit), so raw_btf_id is reported as 0
on those events; the meaningful raw_btf_id is exposed on
raw_syscalls/sys_{enter,exit}/btf_ids where raw_tp / tp_btf
programs can actually attach.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260518-generic_tracepoint-v2-2-b755a5cf67bb@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 include/linux/trace_events.h  |  9 ++++
 include/trace/trace_events.h  | 24 +++++++++++
 kernel/trace/trace_events.c   | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c | 17 ++++++++
 4 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/trace_events.h b/include/linux/trace_events.h
index 308c76b57d13..5cbd09c8be8d 100644
--- a/include/linux/trace_events.h
+++ b/include/linux/trace_events.h
@@ -298,6 +298,15 @@ struct trace_event_class {
 	struct list_head	*(*get_fields)(struct trace_event_call *);
 	struct list_head	fields;
 	int			(*raw_init)(struct trace_event_call *);
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS
+	/*
+	 * Per-template BTF ids set by DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS via BTF_ID() and
+	 * patched by resolve_btfids at link time. NULL for handcrafted classes.
+	 *   [0] FUNC   __bpf_trace_<template>
+	 *   [1] STRUCT trace_event_raw_<template>
+	 */
+	const u32		*btf_ids;
+#endif
 };
 
 extern int trace_event_reg(struct trace_event_call *event,
diff --git a/include/trace/trace_events.h b/include/trace/trace_events.h
index fbc07d353be6..09ad57ac4b73 100644
--- a/include/trace/trace_events.h
+++ b/include/trace/trace_events.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <linux/trace_events.h>
+#include <linux/btf_ids.h>
 
 #ifndef TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR
 #define TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR TRACE_SYSTEM
@@ -397,6 +398,27 @@ static inline notrace int trace_event_get_offsets_##call(		\
 #define _TRACE_PERF_INIT(call)
 #endif /* CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS */
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS
+/*
+ * Per-template BTF id list, populated at link time by resolve_btfids:
+ *   [0] FUNC   __bpf_trace_<call>     (the BPF dispatcher)
+ *   [1] STRUCT trace_event_raw_<call> (the ring-buffer record)
+ * Exposed via the events/<sys>/<name>/btf_ids tracefs file.
+ */
+#define _TRACE_BTF_IDS_DECLARE(call)					\
+	extern u32 __bpf_trace_btf_ids_##call[];			\
+	BTF_ID_LIST_GLOBAL(__bpf_trace_btf_ids_##call, 2)		\
+	BTF_ID(func,   __bpf_trace_##call)				\
+	BTF_ID(struct, trace_event_raw_##call)
+
+#define _TRACE_BTF_IDS_INIT(call)					\
+	.btf_ids		= __bpf_trace_btf_ids_##call,
+
+#else
+#define _TRACE_BTF_IDS_DECLARE(call)
+#define _TRACE_BTF_IDS_INIT(call)
+#endif /* CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS */
+
 #include "stages/stage6_event_callback.h"
 
 
@@ -474,6 +496,7 @@ static inline void ftrace_test_probe_##call(void)			\
 #undef DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS
 #define DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(call, proto, args, tstruct, assign, print)	\
 _TRACE_PERF_PROTO(call, PARAMS(proto));					\
+_TRACE_BTF_IDS_DECLARE(call)						\
 static char print_fmt_##call[] = print;					\
 static struct trace_event_class __used __refdata event_class_##call = { \
 	.system			= TRACE_SYSTEM_STRING,			\
@@ -483,6 +506,7 @@ static struct trace_event_class __used __refdata event_class_##call = { \
 	.probe			= trace_event_raw_event_##call,		\
 	.reg			= trace_event_reg,			\
 	_TRACE_PERF_INIT(call)						\
+	_TRACE_BTF_IDS_INIT(call)					\
 };
 
 #undef DECLARE_EVENT_SYSCALL_CLASS
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_events.c b/kernel/trace/trace_events.c
index 956692856fa8..e0449e648871 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_events.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_events.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <linux/sort.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/btf.h>
 
 #include <trace/events/sched.h>
 #include <trace/syscall.h>
@@ -2202,6 +2203,61 @@ event_id_read(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuf, size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS
+static ssize_t
+event_btf_ids_read(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuf, size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	struct trace_event_file *file;
+	struct trace_event_call *call;
+	const struct btf_type *t;
+	struct module *mod = NULL;
+	u32 raw_id = 0, tp_id = 0, obj_id = 0;
+	const u32 *ids;
+	struct btf *btf;
+	char buf[128];
+	int len;
+
+	/* Module unload could free call->class and ids[] mid-read. */
+	scoped_guard(mutex, &event_mutex) {
+		file = event_file_file(filp);
+		if (!file)
+			return -ENODEV;
+
+		call = file->event_call;
+		ids = call->class->btf_ids;
+		if (!ids)
+			return -ENOENT;
+		if (!(call->flags & TRACE_EVENT_FL_DYNAMIC))
+			mod = (struct module *)call->module;
+
+		btf = btf_get_module_btf(mod);
+		if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(btf))
+			return -ENOENT;
+
+		/* Module-local ids in ids[] need base+local relocation. */
+		tp_id = btf_relocate_id(btf, ids[1]);
+
+		/*
+		 * Without FL_TRACEPOINT the dispatcher is shared (e.g. all
+		 * per-syscall events fan out from __bpf_trace_sys_enter), so
+		 * raw_btf_id has no per-event attach point — report 0.
+		 */
+		if (call->flags & TRACE_EVENT_FL_TRACEPOINT) {
+			t = btf_type_by_id(btf, btf_relocate_id(btf, ids[0]));
+			raw_id = t ? t->type : 0;
+		}
+		obj_id = btf_obj_id(btf);
+		btf_put(btf);
+	}
+
+	len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+			"btf_obj_id: %u\nraw_btf_id: %u\ntp_btf_id: %u\n",
+			obj_id, raw_id, tp_id);
+
+	return simple_read_from_buffer(ubuf, cnt, ppos, buf, len);
+}
+#endif
+
 static ssize_t
 event_filter_read(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuf, size_t cnt,
 		  loff_t *ppos)
@@ -2702,6 +2758,13 @@ static const struct file_operations ftrace_event_id_fops = {
 };
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS
+static const struct file_operations ftrace_event_btf_ids_fops = {
+	.read = event_btf_ids_read,
+	.llseek = default_llseek,
+};
+#endif
+
 static const struct file_operations ftrace_event_filter_fops = {
 	.open = tracing_open_file_tr,
 	.read = event_filter_read,
@@ -3095,6 +3158,14 @@ static int event_callback(const char *name, umode_t *mode, void **data,
 	}
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS
+	if (call->class->btf_ids && strcmp(name, "btf_ids") == 0) {
+		*mode = TRACE_MODE_READ;
+		*fops = &ftrace_event_btf_ids_fops;
+		return 1;
+	}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_HIST_TRIGGERS
 	if (strcmp(name, "hist") == 0) {
 		*mode = TRACE_MODE_READ;
@@ -3149,7 +3220,14 @@ event_create_dir(struct eventfs_inode *parent, struct trace_event_file *file)
 			.callback	= event_callback,
 		},
 #endif
-#define NR_RO_EVENT_ENTRIES	(1 + IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS))
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS
+		{
+			.name		= "btf_ids",
+			.callback	= event_callback,
+		},
+#endif
+#define NR_RO_EVENT_ENTRIES	(1 + IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS) + \
+				 IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS))
 /* Readonly files must be above this line and counted by NR_RO_EVENT_ENTRIES. */
 		{
 			.name		= "enable",
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c b/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c
index 8a4f3c75e39f..48ef1a93e576 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c
@@ -1303,12 +1303,26 @@ struct trace_event_functions exit_syscall_print_funcs = {
 	.trace		= print_syscall_exit,
 };
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS
+/*
+ * BTF id lists generated by DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS for the sys_enter and
+ * sys_exit tracepoints. The auto-generated event_class_sys_{enter,exit}
+ * is unused (per-syscall events share the handcrafted classes below),
+ * but the id lists themselves are global and reusable.
+ */
+extern u32 __bpf_trace_btf_ids_sys_enter[];
+extern u32 __bpf_trace_btf_ids_sys_exit[];
+#endif
+
 struct trace_event_class __refdata event_class_syscall_enter = {
 	.system		= "syscalls",
 	.reg		= syscall_enter_register,
 	.fields_array	= syscall_enter_fields_array,
 	.get_fields	= syscall_get_enter_fields,
 	.raw_init	= init_syscall_trace,
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS
+	.btf_ids	= __bpf_trace_btf_ids_sys_enter,
+#endif
 };
 
 struct trace_event_class __refdata event_class_syscall_exit = {
@@ -1321,6 +1335,9 @@ struct trace_event_class __refdata event_class_syscall_exit = {
 	},
 	.fields		= LIST_HEAD_INIT(event_class_syscall_exit.fields),
 	.raw_init	= init_syscall_trace,
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS
+	.btf_ids	= __bpf_trace_btf_ids_sys_exit,
+#endif
 };
 
 unsigned long __init __weak arch_syscall_addr(int nr)
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 03/16] selftests/bpf: Add test for tracepoint btf_ids tracefs file

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>

Read events/bpf_testmod/bpf_testmod_test_read/btf_ids and verify the
exported FUNC_PROTO matches the testmod tracepoint signature
(__data, struct task_struct *task, struct bpf_testmod_test_read_ctx
*ctx) and the record struct trace_event_raw_bpf_testmod_test_read
carries the fields declared by TP_STRUCT__entry.

Use the testmod tracepoint so the test exercises the module/split-BTF
path (btf_relocate_id) rather than vmlinux only, and falls back from
/sys/kernel/tracing to /sys/kernel/debug/tracing when tracefs is not
mounted at the new location.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260518-generic_tracepoint-v2-3-b755a5cf67bb@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tp_btf_ids.c     | 132 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 132 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tp_btf_ids.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tp_btf_ids.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tp_btf_ids.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c0e7e11e71b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tp_btf_ids.c
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <test_progs.h>
+#include <bpf/btf.h>
+
+#define TRACEFS		"/sys/kernel/tracing"
+#define DEBUGFS_TRACING	"/sys/kernel/debug/tracing"
+#define EVENT_SUBPATH	"events/bpf_testmod/bpf_testmod_test_read/btf_ids"
+
+struct btf_ids_info {
+	__u32 obj_id;
+	__u32 raw_id;
+	__u32 tp_id;
+};
+
+static const char *btf_ids_path(char *buf, size_t sz)
+{
+	if (access(TRACEFS "/trace", F_OK) == 0)
+		snprintf(buf, sz, "%s/%s", TRACEFS, EVENT_SUBPATH);
+	else
+		snprintf(buf, sz, "%s/%s", DEBUGFS_TRACING, EVENT_SUBPATH);
+	return buf;
+}
+
+static int read_btf_ids(struct btf_ids_info *info)
+{
+	char path[256], buf[256];
+	int fd, n;
+
+	fd = open(btf_ids_path(path, sizeof(path)), O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -errno;
+
+	n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
+	close(fd);
+	if (n <= 0)
+		return -EIO;
+	buf[n] = '\0';
+
+	if (sscanf(buf,
+		   "btf_obj_id: %u\nraw_btf_id: %u\ntp_btf_id: %u\n",
+		   &info->obj_id, &info->raw_id, &info->tp_id) != 3)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *param_name(struct btf *btf, const struct btf_param *p)
+{
+	return btf__name_by_offset(btf, p->name_off);
+}
+
+static const char *member_name(struct btf *btf, const struct btf_member *m)
+{
+	return btf__name_by_offset(btf, m->name_off);
+}
+
+void test_tp_btf_ids(void)
+{
+	const struct btf_type *proto_t, *rec_t;
+	const struct btf_param *params;
+	const struct btf_member *members;
+	struct btf_ids_info info;
+	struct btf *vmlinux_btf, *btf;
+	const char *name;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!env.has_testmod) {
+		test__skip();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	err = read_btf_ids(&info);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "read btf_ids"))
+		return;
+
+	ASSERT_GT(info.obj_id, 0, "obj_id non-zero");
+	ASSERT_GT(info.raw_id, 0, "raw_id non-zero");
+	ASSERT_GT(info.tp_id, 0, "tp_id non-zero");
+
+	vmlinux_btf = btf__load_vmlinux_btf();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(vmlinux_btf, "load vmlinux BTF"))
+		return;
+
+	/* Module BTF is split BTF; load with vmlinux as base. */
+	btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id_split(info.obj_id, vmlinux_btf);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(btf, "load module BTF")) {
+		btf__free(vmlinux_btf);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * raw_btf_id should be the FUNC_PROTO of __bpf_trace_<call>:
+	 *   void *__data, struct task_struct *task,
+	 *   struct bpf_testmod_test_read_ctx *ctx
+	 */
+	proto_t = btf__type_by_id(btf, info.raw_id);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(proto_t, "raw type_by_id"))
+		goto out;
+	if (!ASSERT_TRUE(btf_is_func_proto(proto_t), "raw is FUNC_PROTO"))
+		goto out;
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(btf_vlen(proto_t), 3, "func_proto arg count"))
+		goto out;
+
+	params = btf_params(proto_t);
+	ASSERT_STREQ(param_name(btf, &params[0]), "__data", "arg0 name");
+	ASSERT_STREQ(param_name(btf, &params[1]), "task", "arg1 name");
+	ASSERT_STREQ(param_name(btf, &params[2]), "ctx", "arg2 name");
+
+	/*
+	 * tp_btf_id should be STRUCT trace_event_raw_<call> with the
+	 * fields declared by TP_STRUCT__entry plus the common header.
+	 */
+	rec_t = btf__type_by_id(btf, info.tp_id);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(rec_t, "tp type_by_id"))
+		goto out;
+	if (!ASSERT_TRUE(btf_is_struct(rec_t), "tp is STRUCT"))
+		goto out;
+	name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, rec_t->name_off);
+	ASSERT_STREQ(name, "trace_event_raw_bpf_testmod_test_read",
+		     "tp struct name");
+	if (!ASSERT_GE(btf_vlen(rec_t), 5, "tp struct field count"))
+		goto out;
+
+	members = btf_members(rec_t);
+	ASSERT_STREQ(member_name(btf, &members[0]), "ent", "field0 name");
+	ASSERT_STREQ(member_name(btf, &members[1]), "pid", "field1 name");
+	ASSERT_STREQ(member_name(btf, &members[2]), "comm", "field2 name");
+	ASSERT_STREQ(member_name(btf, &members[3]), "off", "field3 name");
+	ASSERT_STREQ(member_name(btf, &members[4]), "len", "field4 name");
+out:
+	btf__free(btf);
+	btf__free(vmlinux_btf);
+}
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 04/16] tracing: Point constant hist field type to string literal

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Yu Peng <pengyu@kylinos.cn>

The HIST_FIELD_FL_CONST path uses the fixed "u64" type string.

Point hist_field->type directly to the string literal, matching the
HIST_FIELD_FL_HITCOUNT path. The release path already uses kfree_const(),
so no duplication is needed.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260527023450.2137639-1-pengyu@kylinos.cn
Signed-off-by: Yu Peng <pengyu@kylinos.cn>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c b/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
index 58d28cd1afa3..a335006923ec 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
@@ -1984,9 +1984,7 @@ static struct hist_field *create_hist_field(struct hist_trigger_data *hist_data,
 	if (flags & HIST_FIELD_FL_CONST) {
 		hist_field->fn_num = HIST_FIELD_FN_CONST;
 		hist_field->size = sizeof(u64);
-		hist_field->type = kstrdup("u64", GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!hist_field->type)
-			goto free;
+		hist_field->type = "u64";
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 05/16] kernel/trace/trace_printk: Use kstrdup() instead of kmalloc() and strcpy()

[Steven Rostedt]

From: David Laight <david.laight.linux@gmail.com>

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260606202633.5018-34-david.laight.linux@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: David Laight <david.laight.linux@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/trace_printk.c | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_printk.c b/kernel/trace/trace_printk.c
index 3ea17af60169..98171a2398e4 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_printk.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_printk.c
@@ -71,10 +71,9 @@ void hold_module_trace_bprintk_format(const char **start, const char **end)
 		fmt = NULL;
 		tb_fmt = kmalloc_obj(*tb_fmt);
 		if (tb_fmt) {
-			fmt = kmalloc(strlen(*iter) + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
+			fmt = kstrdup(*iter, GFP_KERNEL);
 			if (fmt) {
 				list_add_tail(&tb_fmt->list, &trace_bprintk_fmt_list);
-				strcpy(fmt, *iter);
 				tb_fmt->fmt = fmt;
 			} else
 				kfree(tb_fmt);
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 06/16] tracing: Use __free() for expr_str() buffer

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Pengpeng Hou <pengpeng@iscas.ac.cn>

expr_str() allocates a temporary expression buffer and manually frees it
on some error paths.

Convert the buffer to __free(kfree) and return it with return_ptr() on
success. This keeps ownership handling separate from the later ERR_PTR()
conversion and string-bound change.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260611055945.22348-2-pengpeng@iscas.ac.cn
Signed-off-by: Pengpeng Hou <pengpeng@iscas.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c | 14 ++++++--------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c b/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
index a335006923ec..40ae7379cbf5 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
@@ -1759,7 +1759,7 @@ static void expr_field_str(struct hist_field *field, char *expr)
 
 static char *expr_str(struct hist_field *field, unsigned int level)
 {
-	char *expr;
+	char *expr __free(kfree) = NULL;
 
 	if (level > 1)
 		return NULL;
@@ -1770,7 +1770,7 @@ static char *expr_str(struct hist_field *field, unsigned int level)
 
 	if (!field->operands[0]) {
 		expr_field_str(field, expr);
-		return expr;
+		return_ptr(expr);
 	}
 
 	if (field->operator == FIELD_OP_UNARY_MINUS) {
@@ -1778,16 +1778,15 @@ static char *expr_str(struct hist_field *field, unsigned int level)
 
 		strcat(expr, "-(");
 		subexpr = expr_str(field->operands[0], ++level);
-		if (!subexpr) {
-			kfree(expr);
+		if (!subexpr)
 			return NULL;
-		}
+
 		strcat(expr, subexpr);
 		strcat(expr, ")");
 
 		kfree(subexpr);
 
-		return expr;
+		return_ptr(expr);
 	}
 
 	expr_field_str(field->operands[0], expr);
@@ -1806,13 +1805,12 @@ static char *expr_str(struct hist_field *field, unsigned int level)
 		strcat(expr, "*");
 		break;
 	default:
-		kfree(expr);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
 	expr_field_str(field->operands[1], expr);
 
-	return expr;
+	return_ptr(expr);
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 07/16] tracing: Return ERR_PTR() from expr_str()

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Pengpeng Hou <pengpeng@iscas.ac.cn>

expr_str() currently reports all failure cases as NULL, so callers cannot
distinguish invalid recursion depth from allocation failure or later
string construction errors.

Return ERR_PTR()-encoded errors from expr_str() and make parse_unary()
and parse_expr() propagate them. Clear expr->name before destroying the
hist field so the error pointer is not freed as a string.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260611055945.22348-3-pengpeng@iscas.ac.cn
Signed-off-by: Pengpeng Hou <pengpeng@iscas.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c | 25 ++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c b/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
index 40ae7379cbf5..dee2710da66e 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
@@ -1762,11 +1762,11 @@ static char *expr_str(struct hist_field *field, unsigned int level)
 	char *expr __free(kfree) = NULL;
 
 	if (level > 1)
-		return NULL;
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 
 	expr = kzalloc(MAX_FILTER_STR_VAL, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!expr)
-		return NULL;
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
 	if (!field->operands[0]) {
 		expr_field_str(field, expr);
@@ -1778,8 +1778,8 @@ static char *expr_str(struct hist_field *field, unsigned int level)
 
 		strcat(expr, "-(");
 		subexpr = expr_str(field->operands[0], ++level);
-		if (!subexpr)
-			return NULL;
+		if (IS_ERR(subexpr))
+			return subexpr;
 
 		strcat(expr, subexpr);
 		strcat(expr, ")");
@@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ static char *expr_str(struct hist_field *field, unsigned int level)
 		strcat(expr, "*");
 		break;
 	default:
-		return NULL;
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 	}
 
 	expr_field_str(field->operands[1], expr);
@@ -2622,6 +2622,11 @@ static struct hist_field *parse_unary(struct hist_trigger_data *hist_data,
 	expr->is_signed = operand1->is_signed;
 	expr->operator = FIELD_OP_UNARY_MINUS;
 	expr->name = expr_str(expr, 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(expr->name)) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(expr->name);
+		expr->name = NULL;
+		goto free;
+	}
 	expr->type = kstrdup_const(operand1->type, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!expr->type) {
 		ret = -ENOMEM;
@@ -2834,6 +2839,11 @@ static struct hist_field *parse_expr(struct hist_trigger_data *hist_data,
 		destroy_hist_field(operand1, 0);
 
 		expr->name = expr_str(expr, 0);
+		if (IS_ERR(expr->name)) {
+			ret = PTR_ERR(expr->name);
+			expr->name = NULL;
+			goto free_expr;
+		}
 	} else {
 		/* The operand sizes should be the same, so just pick one */
 		expr->size = operand1->size;
@@ -2847,6 +2857,11 @@ static struct hist_field *parse_expr(struct hist_trigger_data *hist_data,
 		}
 
 		expr->name = expr_str(expr, 0);
+		if (IS_ERR(expr->name)) {
+			ret = PTR_ERR(expr->name);
+			expr->name = NULL;
+			goto free_expr;
+		}
 	}
 
 	return expr;
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 08/16] tracing: Bound histogram expression strings with seq_buf

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Pengpeng Hou <pengpeng@iscas.ac.cn>

expr_str() allocates a fixed MAX_FILTER_STR_VAL buffer and then builds
expression names with a series of raw strcat() appends. Nested operands,
constants, field flags, and generated field names can push the rendered
string past that fixed limit before the name is attached to the hist
field.

Build expression strings with seq_buf and return -E2BIG when the
rendered name would exceed MAX_FILTER_STR_VAL. This keeps the existing
tracing-side limit while replacing the raw append logic with bounded
construction.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260611055945.22348-4-pengpeng@iscas.ac.cn
Signed-off-by: Pengpeng Hou <pengpeng@iscas.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c | 57 ++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c b/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
index dee2710da66e..893bd8b0e48a 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c
@@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ typedef u64 (*hist_field_fn_t) (struct hist_field *field,
 #define HIST_FIELD_OPERANDS_MAX	2
 #define HIST_FIELDS_MAX		(TRACING_MAP_FIELDS_MAX + TRACING_MAP_VARS_MAX)
 #define HIST_ACTIONS_MAX	8
-#define HIST_CONST_DIGITS_MAX	21
 #define HIST_DIV_SHIFT		20  /* For optimizing division by constants */
 
 enum field_op_id {
@@ -1733,33 +1732,36 @@ static const char *get_hist_field_flags(struct hist_field *hist_field)
 	return flags_str;
 }
 
-static void expr_field_str(struct hist_field *field, char *expr)
+static bool expr_field_str(struct hist_field *field, struct seq_buf *s)
 {
+	const char *field_name;
+
 	if (field->flags & HIST_FIELD_FL_VAR_REF) {
 		if (!field->system)
-			strcat(expr, "$");
-	} else if (field->flags & HIST_FIELD_FL_CONST) {
-		char str[HIST_CONST_DIGITS_MAX];
+			seq_buf_putc(s, '$');
+	} else if (field->flags & HIST_FIELD_FL_CONST)
+		seq_buf_printf(s, "%llu", field->constant);
 
-		snprintf(str, HIST_CONST_DIGITS_MAX, "%llu", field->constant);
-		strcat(expr, str);
-	}
+	field_name = hist_field_name(field, 0);
+	if (!field_name)
+		return false;
 
-	strcat(expr, hist_field_name(field, 0));
+	seq_buf_puts(s, field_name);
 
 	if (field->flags && !(field->flags & HIST_FIELD_FL_VAR_REF)) {
 		const char *flags_str = get_hist_field_flags(field);
 
-		if (flags_str) {
-			strcat(expr, ".");
-			strcat(expr, flags_str);
-		}
+		if (flags_str)
+			seq_buf_printf(s, ".%s", flags_str);
 	}
+
+	return !seq_buf_has_overflowed(s);
 }
 
 static char *expr_str(struct hist_field *field, unsigned int level)
 {
 	char *expr __free(kfree) = NULL;
+	struct seq_buf s;
 
 	if (level > 1)
 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
@@ -1768,47 +1770,54 @@ static char *expr_str(struct hist_field *field, unsigned int level)
 	if (!expr)
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
+	seq_buf_init(&s, expr, MAX_FILTER_STR_VAL);
+
 	if (!field->operands[0]) {
-		expr_field_str(field, expr);
+		if (!expr_field_str(field, &s))
+			return ERR_PTR(-E2BIG);
+
 		return_ptr(expr);
 	}
 
 	if (field->operator == FIELD_OP_UNARY_MINUS) {
 		char *subexpr;
 
-		strcat(expr, "-(");
 		subexpr = expr_str(field->operands[0], ++level);
 		if (IS_ERR(subexpr))
 			return subexpr;
 
-		strcat(expr, subexpr);
-		strcat(expr, ")");
-
+		seq_buf_printf(&s, "-(%s)", subexpr);
 		kfree(subexpr);
 
+		if (seq_buf_has_overflowed(&s))
+			return ERR_PTR(-E2BIG);
+
 		return_ptr(expr);
 	}
 
-	expr_field_str(field->operands[0], expr);
+	if (!expr_field_str(field->operands[0], &s))
+		return ERR_PTR(-E2BIG);
 
 	switch (field->operator) {
 	case FIELD_OP_MINUS:
-		strcat(expr, "-");
+		seq_buf_putc(&s, '-');
 		break;
 	case FIELD_OP_PLUS:
-		strcat(expr, "+");
+		seq_buf_putc(&s, '+');
 		break;
 	case FIELD_OP_DIV:
-		strcat(expr, "/");
+		seq_buf_putc(&s, '/');
 		break;
 	case FIELD_OP_MULT:
-		strcat(expr, "*");
+		seq_buf_putc(&s, '*');
 		break;
 	default:
 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 	}
 
-	expr_field_str(field->operands[1], expr);
+	if (seq_buf_has_overflowed(&s) ||
+	    !expr_field_str(field->operands[1], &s))
+		return ERR_PTR(-E2BIG);
 
 	return_ptr(expr);
 }
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 09/16] tracing/user_events: Use seq_putc() in two functions

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>

Single characters should be put into a sequence. Thus use the corresponding
function “seq_putc” for selected calls.

The source code was transformed by using the Coccinelle software.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/6bcaa4da-05c6-4097-90f5-3969f8a1dfbc@web.de
Signed-off-by: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c b/kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c
index 8c82ecb735f4..b3f409d1b19f 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c
@@ -1838,7 +1838,7 @@ static int user_event_show(struct seq_file *m, struct dyn_event *ev)
 
 	list_for_each_entry_reverse(field, head, link) {
 		if (depth == 0)
-			seq_puts(m, " ");
+			seq_putc(m, ' ');
 		else
 			seq_puts(m, "; ");
 
@@ -1850,7 +1850,7 @@ static int user_event_show(struct seq_file *m, struct dyn_event *ev)
 		depth++;
 	}
 
-	seq_puts(m, "\n");
+	seq_putc(m, '\n');
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2819,13 +2819,13 @@ static int user_seq_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
 			busy++;
 		}
 
-		seq_puts(m, "\n");
+		seq_putc(m, '\n');
 		active++;
 	}
 
 	mutex_unlock(&group->reg_mutex);
 
-	seq_puts(m, "\n");
+	seq_putc(m, '\n');
 	seq_printf(m, "Active: %d\n", active);
 	seq_printf(m, "Busy: %d\n", busy);
 
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 10/16] tracing/user_events: Replace a seq_printf() call by seq_puts() in user_seq_show()

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>

A single string should be put into a sequence within a loop.
Thus use the corresponding function “seq_puts” for one selected call.

The source code was transformed by using the Coccinelle software.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/1cf327f0-49a6-477f-a06f-2b22a167db24@web.de
Signed-off-by: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c b/kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c
index b3f409d1b19f..2bbc89d4a266 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c
@@ -2806,7 +2806,7 @@ static int user_seq_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
 	hash_for_each(group->register_table, i, user, node) {
 		status = user->status;
 
-		seq_printf(m, "%s", EVENT_TP_NAME(user));
+		seq_puts(m, EVENT_TP_NAME(user));
 
 		if (status != 0) {
 			seq_puts(m, " # Used by");
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 11/16] fgraph: Use trace_seq_putc() in print_graph_return()

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>

A single closing curly bracket should be put into a trace sequence buffer.
Thus use the corresponding function “trace_seq_putc”.

The source code was transformed by using the Coccinelle software.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/d215fa89-9a62-4067-86ec-833290f35c80@web.de
Signed-off-by: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c b/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c
index 0d2d3a2ea7dd..ff7cb1a76b95 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c
@@ -1349,7 +1349,7 @@ print_graph_return(struct ftrace_graph_ret_entry *retentry, struct trace_seq *s,
 		 * that if the funcgraph-tail option is enabled.
 		 */
 		if (func_match && !(flags & TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_TAIL))
-			trace_seq_puts(s, "}");
+			trace_seq_putc(s, '}');
 		else
 			trace_seq_printf(s, "} /* %ps */", (void *)func);
 	}
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 12/16] tracing: Reject invalid preemptirq_delay_test CPU affinity

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Samuel Moelius <sam.moelius@trailofbits.com>

preemptirq_delay_test accepts cpu_affinity as a module parameter and,
when it is non-negative, writes that CPU directly into a temporary
cpumask from the worker thread.  Values outside nr_cpu_ids can set a bit
outside the allocated cpumask before the test reports a normal affinity
error.

Validate the requested CPU in preemptirq_delay_run() before setting it
in the temporary cpumask.  Invalid affinity requests are reported by
the test thread and skipped before cpumask_set_cpu() can touch an
out-of-range bit.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260628131021.2208632.6a5c6c959813.preemptirq-delay-test-invalid-cpu-affinity@trailofbits.com
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.5-cyber-preview
Signed-off-by: Samuel Moelius <sam.moelius@trailofbits.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/preemptirq_delay_test.c | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/preemptirq_delay_test.c b/kernel/trace/preemptirq_delay_test.c
index acb0c971a408..69e5238737ed 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/preemptirq_delay_test.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/preemptirq_delay_test.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <linux/trace_clock.h>
+#include <linux/cpumask.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 #include <linux/irq.h>
@@ -123,6 +124,13 @@ static int preemptirq_delay_run(void *data)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	if (cpu_affinity > -1) {
+		unsigned int cpu = cpu_affinity;
+
+		if (cpu >= nr_cpu_ids || !cpu_possible(cpu)) {
+			pr_err("cpu_affinity:%d, invalid CPU\n", cpu_affinity);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
 		cpumask_clear(cpu_mask);
 		cpumask_set_cpu(cpu_affinity, cpu_mask);
 		if (set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpu_mask))
@@ -132,6 +140,7 @@ static int preemptirq_delay_run(void *data)
 	for (i = 0; i < s; i++)
 		(testfuncs[i])(i);
 
+out:
 	complete(&done);
 
 	set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 13/16] samples/ftrace: Prevent division by zero when nr_function_calls is zero

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Samuel Moelius <sam.moelius@trailofbits.com>

The ftrace-ops sample exposes nr_function_calls as a module parameter
and uses it as the divisor when printing the measured time per call.
Loading the module with nr_function_calls=0 skips the benchmark loop and
then divides the elapsed time by zero, crashing the kernel during sample
module initialization.

Keep accepting the parameter value, but report -1LL as the per-call
duration when the call count is zero instead of dividing by it.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260629152616.107080.e19bfbed249c.ftrace-ops-zero-function-calls-div0@trailofbits.com
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.5-cyber-preview
Signed-off-by: Samuel Moelius <sam.moelius@trailofbits.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 samples/ftrace/ftrace-ops.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/samples/ftrace/ftrace-ops.c b/samples/ftrace/ftrace-ops.c
index 152ffc1a30b6..8cae38d8b879 100644
--- a/samples/ftrace/ftrace-ops.c
+++ b/samples/ftrace/ftrace-ops.c
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ static int __init ftrace_ops_sample_init(void)
 
 	pr_info("Attempted %u calls to %ps in %lluns (%lluns / call)\n",
 		nr_function_calls, tracee_relevant,
-		period, div_u64(period, nr_function_calls));
+		period, nr_function_calls ? div_u64(period, nr_function_calls) : -1LL);
 
 	if (persist)
 		return 0;
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 14/16] tracing: Warn when an event dereferences a pointer in TP_printk()

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Currently on boot up and when modules are loaded, the trace event
infrastructure will examine the TP_printk's of every event looking to see
if it dereferences pointers on the ring buffer via printk formats like
"%pB" and such. What it doesn't do is check if the arguments themselves
do a dereference from a pointer.

This was brought with a fix[1] to the fsl_edma event that had in the
arguments of the TP_printk(): "__entry->edma->membase"

The __entry->edma is a pointer saved in the ring buffer. The dereference
from TP_printk() happens when the user reads the "trace" file which can be
seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, or even months later! There is no
guarantee that the __entry->edma pointer will still be pointing to what it
was when it was recorded, and could crash the kernel when a user reads the
event.

Add logic to the test_event_printk() that also checks for this case and
warn if the event dereferences a pointer from the ring buffer.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260630200022.1826420-1-martin@kaiser.cx/

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260630184836.74d477b6@gandalf.local.home
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reviewed-by: Martin Kaiser <martin@kaiser.cx>
Reviewed-by: Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/trace_events.c | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_events.c b/kernel/trace/trace_events.c
index e0449e648871..714285e23a2e 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_events.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_events.c
@@ -401,6 +401,31 @@ static bool process_string(const char *fmt, int len, struct trace_event_call *ca
 	return true;
 }
 
+static void test_double_dereference(const char *str, int len,
+				    struct trace_event_call *call)
+{
+	const char *ptr;
+	const char *end = str + len;
+
+	ptr = strstr(str, "REC->");
+
+	while (ptr && ptr < end) {
+
+		ptr += 5;
+		for (; ptr < end; ptr++) {
+			if (ptr[0] == '-' && ptr[1] == '>') {
+				WARN_ONCE(1, "Event %s has double dereference in TP_printk: %.*s\n",
+					  trace_event_name(call), len, str);
+				return;
+			}
+			if (!isalnum(*ptr) && *ptr != '_')
+				break;
+		}
+
+		ptr = strstr(ptr, "REC->");
+	}
+}
+
 static void handle_dereference_arg(const char *arg_str, u64 string_flags, int len,
 				   u64 *dereference_flags, int arg,
 				   struct trace_event_call *call)
@@ -460,12 +485,6 @@ static void test_event_printk(struct trace_event_call *call)
 				if (in_quote) {
 					arg = 0;
 					first = false;
-					/*
-					 * If there was no %p* uses
-					 * the fmt is OK.
-					 */
-					if (!dereference_flags)
-						return;
 				}
 			}
 			if (in_quote) {
@@ -577,6 +596,8 @@ static void test_event_printk(struct trace_event_call *call)
 				continue;
 			}
 
+			test_double_dereference(fmt + start_arg, e - start_arg, call);
+
 			if (dereference_flags & (1ULL << arg)) {
 				handle_dereference_arg(fmt + start_arg, string_flags,
 						       e - start_arg,
@@ -590,6 +611,8 @@ static void test_event_printk(struct trace_event_call *call)
 		}
 	}
 
+	test_double_dereference(fmt + start_arg, i - start_arg, call);
+
 	if (dereference_flags & (1ULL << arg)) {
 		handle_dereference_arg(fmt + start_arg, string_flags,
 				       i - start_arg,
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 15/16] tracing: Use strscpy() instead of strcpy() in trace_sched_switch

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Po-Sheng Lin <posheng.lin.tw@gmail.com>

Replace strcpy() with strscpy() in __trace_find_cmdline() for
consistency with the existing strscpy() call in the same function,
and to avoid potential buffer overflow as flagged by the Kernel
Self Protection Project.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260705173648.5418-1-posheng.lin.tw@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Po-Sheng Lin <posheng.lin.tw@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c b/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c
index e9f0ff962660..1bd351c1fbfb 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c
@@ -286,12 +286,12 @@ static void __trace_find_cmdline(int pid, char comm[])
 	int tpid;
 
 	if (!pid) {
-		strcpy(comm, "<idle>");
+		strscpy(comm, "<idle>", TASK_COMM_LEN);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pid < 0)) {
-		strcpy(comm, "<XXX>");
+		strscpy(comm, "<XXX>", TASK_COMM_LEN);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ static void __trace_find_cmdline(int pid, char comm[])
 			return;
 		}
 	}
-	strcpy(comm, "<...>");
+	strscpy(comm, "<...>", TASK_COMM_LEN);
 }
 
 void trace_find_cmdline(int pid, char comm[])
-- 
2.53.0

[for-next][PATCH 16/16] tracing: Use seq_buf for string concatenation

[Steven Rostedt]

From: Woradorn Laodhanadhaworn <woradorn.laon@gmail.com>

In preparation for removing the strlcat API[1],
replace the string concatenation logic with a struct seq_buf,
which tracks the current position and the remaining space internally.

Use seq_buf_str() to NUL-terminate before passing to early_enable_events().

Link: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/370 [1]

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260713045249.69942-1-woradorn.laon@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Woradorn Laodhanadhaworn <woradorn.laon@gmail.com>
[ Moved placement of #include <linux/seq_buf.h> ]
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/trace_events.c | 16 +++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_events.c b/kernel/trace/trace_events.c
index 714285e23a2e..a8590d2394e3 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_events.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_events.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
 #include <linux/security.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/seq_buf.h>
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
 #include <linux/tracefs.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
@@ -4604,13 +4605,20 @@ extern struct trace_event_call *__start_ftrace_events[];
 extern struct trace_event_call *__stop_ftrace_events[];
 
 static char bootup_event_buf[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;
+static struct seq_buf bootup_event_seq __initdata = {
+	.buffer = bootup_event_buf,
+	.size = sizeof(bootup_event_buf),
+};
 
 static __init int setup_trace_event(char *str)
 {
-	if (bootup_event_buf[0] != '\0')
-		strlcat(bootup_event_buf, ",", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
+	if (seq_buf_used(&bootup_event_seq) > 0)
+		seq_buf_puts(&bootup_event_seq, ",");
+
+	seq_buf_puts(&bootup_event_seq, str);
 
-	strlcat(bootup_event_buf, str, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
+	if (seq_buf_has_overflowed(&bootup_event_seq))
+		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	trace_set_ring_buffer_expanded(NULL);
 	disable_tracing_selftest("running event tracing");
@@ -4869,6 +4877,7 @@ static __init int event_trace_enable(void)
 	 */
 	__trace_early_add_events(tr);
 
+	seq_buf_str(&bootup_event_seq);
 	early_enable_events(tr, bootup_event_buf, false);
 
 	trace_printk_start_comm();
@@ -4897,6 +4906,7 @@ static __init int event_trace_enable_again(void)
 	if (!tr)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
+	seq_buf_str(&bootup_event_seq);
 	early_enable_events(tr, bootup_event_buf, true);
 
 	return 0;
-- 
2.53.0