* [BISECTED][REGRESSION] INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU
@ 2011-01-06 11:38 Nicolas Bareil
2011-01-06 11:45 ` Mel Gorman
0 siblings, 1 reply; 3+ messages in thread
From: Nicolas Bareil @ 2011-01-06 11:38 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: cl, mel; +Cc: akpm, torvalds, linux-kernel
Hello
On my two HP Proliant DL160 G6, the system locks up for tens of seconds
when I copy a regular file into a LVM volume with the following command
line:
$ sudo dd if=5gigabytesfile of=/dev/hosts/myvol bs=4096
Logs are filled with call traces and theses messages:
kernel: INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU 5 (t=6000 jiffies)
kernel: Uhhuh. NMI received for unknown reason 00 on CPU 7.
kernel: Do you have a strange power saving mode enabled?
kernel: Dazed and confused, but trying to continue
My .config is available here : http://chdir.org/~nbareil/aa45484031/config-2.6.37.gz
The (big!) kern.log is here : http://chdir.org/~nbareil/aa45484031/kern.log.gz
My System.map : http://chdir.org/~nbareil/aa45484031/System.map-2.6.37.gz
After bisection, the culprit is aa45484031, to be 100% sure, I compiled
a 2.6.37 with this commit reverted and it works.
As a reminder, here is the commit:
commit aa45484031ddee09b06350ab8528bfe5b2c76d1c
Author: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Date: Thu Sep 9 16:38:17 2010 -0700
mm: page allocator: calculate a better estimate of NR_FREE_PAGES
when memory is low and kswapd is awake
Ordinarily watermark checks are based on the vmstat NR_FREE_PAGES as
it is cheaper than scanning a number of lists. To avoid
synchronization overhead, counter deltas are maintained on a per-cpu
basis and drained both periodically and when the delta is above a
threshold. On large CPU systems, the difference between the
estimated and real value of NR_FREE_PAGES can be very high. If
NR_FREE_PAGES is much higher than number of real free page in buddy,
the VM can allocate pages below min watermark, at worst reducing the
real number of pages to zero. Even if the OOM killer kills some
victim for freeing memory, it may not free memory if the exit path
requires a new page resulting in livelock.
This patch introduces a zone_page_state_snapshot() function
(courtesy of Christoph) that takes a slightly more accurate view of
an arbitrary vmstat counter. It is used to read NR_FREE_PAGES while
kswapd is awake to avoid the watermark being accidentally broken.
The estimate is not perfect and may result in cache line bounces but
is expected to be lighter than the IPI calls necessary to
continually drain the per-cpu counters while kswapd is awake.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Let me know if you need anything.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 3+ messages in thread
* Re: [BISECTED][REGRESSION] INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU
2011-01-06 11:38 [BISECTED][REGRESSION] INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU Nicolas Bareil
@ 2011-01-06 11:45 ` Mel Gorman
2011-01-06 12:00 ` Nicolas Bareil
0 siblings, 1 reply; 3+ messages in thread
From: Mel Gorman @ 2011-01-06 11:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Nicolas Bareil; +Cc: cl, akpm, torvalds, linux-kernel
On Thu, Jan 06, 2011 at 12:38:15PM +0100, Nicolas Bareil wrote:
>
> Hello
>
> On my two HP Proliant DL160 G6, the system locks up for tens of seconds
> when I copy a regular file into a LVM volume with the following command
> line:
>
> $ sudo dd if=5gigabytesfile of=/dev/hosts/myvol bs=4096
>
> Logs are filled with call traces and theses messages:
>
> kernel: INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU 5 (t=6000 jiffies)
> kernel: Uhhuh. NMI received for unknown reason 00 on CPU 7.
> kernel: Do you have a strange power saving mode enabled?
> kernel: Dazed and confused, but trying to continue
>
>
> My .config is available here : http://chdir.org/~nbareil/aa45484031/config-2.6.37.gz
> The (big!) kern.log is here : http://chdir.org/~nbareil/aa45484031/kern.log.gz
> My System.map : http://chdir.org/~nbareil/aa45484031/System.map-2.6.37.gz
>
> After bisection, the culprit is aa45484031, to be 100% sure, I compiled
> a 2.6.37 with this commit reverted and it works.
>
There should be a fix for this in Andrew's mm tree. At the moment, I'm
expecting it to be merged for 2.6.38-rc1 but I'm also expecting it will be
merged to the stable series as you are not the only person to encounter this
sort of problem. To be sure, can you confirm if the following patch helps you?
It's a copy of what is in Andrew's tree. Thanks
==== CUT HERE ====
From: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Commit aa45484 ("calculate a better estimate of NR_FREE_PAGES when memory
is low") noted that watermarks were based on the vmstat NR_FREE_PAGES. To
avoid synchronization overhead, these counters are maintained on a per-cpu
basis and drained both periodically and when a threshold is above a
threshold. On large CPU systems, the difference between the estimate and
real value of NR_FREE_PAGES can be very high. The system can get into a
case where pages are allocated far below the min watermark potentially
causing livelock issues. The commit solved the problem by taking a better
reading of NR_FREE_PAGES when memory was low.
Unfortately, as reported by Shaohua Li this accurate reading can consume a
large amount of CPU time on systems with many sockets due to cache line
bouncing. This patch takes a different approach. For large machines
where counter drift might be unsafe and while kswapd is awake, the per-cpu
thresholds for the target pgdat are reduced to limit the level of drift to
what should be a safe level. This incurs a performance penalty in heavy
memory pressure by a factor that depends on the workload and the machine
but the machine should function correctly without accidentally exhausting
all memory on a node. There is an additional cost when kswapd wakes and
sleeps but the event is not expected to be frequent - in Shaohua's test
case, there was one recorded sleep and wake event at least.
To ensure that kswapd wakes up, a safe version of zone_watermark_ok() is
introduced that takes a more accurate reading of NR_FREE_PAGES when called
from wakeup_kswapd, when deciding whether it is really safe to go back to
sleep in sleeping_prematurely() and when deciding if a zone is really
balanced or not in balance_pgdat(). We are still using an expensive
function but limiting how often it is called.
When the test case is reproduced, the time spent in the watermark
functions is reduced. The following report is on the percentage of time
spent cumulatively spent in the functions zone_nr_free_pages(),
zone_watermark_ok(), __zone_watermark_ok(), zone_watermark_ok_safe(),
zone_page_state_snapshot(), zone_page_state().
vanilla 11.6615%
disable-threshold 0.2584%
David said:
: We had to pull aa454840 "mm: page allocator: calculate a better estimate
: of NR_FREE_PAGES when memory is low and kswapd is awake" from 2.6.36
: internally because tests showed that it would cause the machine to stall
: as the result of heavy kswapd activity. I merged it back with this fix as
: it is pending in the -mm tree and it solves the issue we were seeing, so I
: definitely think this should be pushed to -stable (and I would seriously
: consider it for 2.6.37 inclusion even at this late date).
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reported-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.37.1, 2.6.36.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
---
include/linux/mmzone.h | 10 +----
include/linux/vmstat.h | 5 ++
mm/mmzone.c | 21 ------------
mm/page_alloc.c | 35 +++++++++++++++-----
mm/vmscan.c | 23 +++++++------
mm/vmstat.c | 68 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
6 files changed, 115 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)
diff -puN include/linux/mmzone.h~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low include/linux/mmzone.h
--- a/include/linux/mmzone.h~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low
+++ a/include/linux/mmzone.h
@@ -458,12 +458,6 @@ static inline int zone_is_oom_locked(con
return test_bit(ZONE_OOM_LOCKED, &zone->flags);
}
-#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-unsigned long zone_nr_free_pages(struct zone *zone);
-#else
-#define zone_nr_free_pages(zone) zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES)
-#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
-
/*
* The "priority" of VM scanning is how much of the queues we will scan in one
* go. A value of 12 for DEF_PRIORITY implies that we will scan 1/4096th of the
@@ -661,7 +655,9 @@ typedef struct pglist_data {
extern struct mutex zonelists_mutex;
void build_all_zonelists(void *data);
void wakeup_kswapd(struct zone *zone, int order);
-int zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
+bool zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
+ int classzone_idx, int alloc_flags);
+bool zone_watermark_ok_safe(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
int classzone_idx, int alloc_flags);
enum memmap_context {
MEMMAP_EARLY,
diff -puN include/linux/vmstat.h~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low include/linux/vmstat.h
--- a/include/linux/vmstat.h~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low
+++ a/include/linux/vmstat.h
@@ -254,6 +254,8 @@ extern void dec_zone_state(struct zone *
extern void __dec_zone_state(struct zone *, enum zone_stat_item);
void refresh_cpu_vm_stats(int);
+void reduce_pgdat_percpu_threshold(pg_data_t *pgdat);
+void restore_pgdat_percpu_threshold(pg_data_t *pgdat);
#else /* CONFIG_SMP */
/*
@@ -298,6 +300,9 @@ static inline void __dec_zone_page_state
#define dec_zone_page_state __dec_zone_page_state
#define mod_zone_page_state __mod_zone_page_state
+static inline void reduce_pgdat_percpu_threshold(pg_data_t *pgdat) { }
+static inline void restore_pgdat_percpu_threshold(pg_data_t *pgdat) { }
+
static inline void refresh_cpu_vm_stats(int cpu) { }
#endif
diff -puN mm/mmzone.c~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low mm/mmzone.c
--- a/mm/mmzone.c~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low
+++ a/mm/mmzone.c
@@ -87,24 +87,3 @@ int memmap_valid_within(unsigned long pf
return 1;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HOLES_MEMORYMODEL */
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-/* Called when a more accurate view of NR_FREE_PAGES is needed */
-unsigned long zone_nr_free_pages(struct zone *zone)
-{
- unsigned long nr_free_pages = zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES);
-
- /*
- * While kswapd is awake, it is considered the zone is under some
- * memory pressure. Under pressure, there is a risk that
- * per-cpu-counter-drift will allow the min watermark to be breached
- * potentially causing a live-lock. While kswapd is awake and
- * free pages are low, get a better estimate for free pages
- */
- if (nr_free_pages < zone->percpu_drift_mark &&
- !waitqueue_active(&zone->zone_pgdat->kswapd_wait))
- return zone_page_state_snapshot(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES);
-
- return nr_free_pages;
-}
-#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
diff -puN mm/page_alloc.c~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low mm/page_alloc.c
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low
+++ a/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -1460,24 +1460,24 @@ static inline int should_fail_alloc_page
#endif /* CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC */
/*
- * Return 1 if free pages are above 'mark'. This takes into account the order
+ * Return true if free pages are above 'mark'. This takes into account the order
* of the allocation.
*/
-int zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
- int classzone_idx, int alloc_flags)
+static bool __zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
+ int classzone_idx, int alloc_flags, long free_pages)
{
/* free_pages my go negative - that's OK */
long min = mark;
- long free_pages = zone_nr_free_pages(z) - (1 << order) + 1;
int o;
+ free_pages -= (1 << order) + 1;
if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HIGH)
min -= min / 2;
if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HARDER)
min -= min / 4;
if (free_pages <= min + z->lowmem_reserve[classzone_idx])
- return 0;
+ return false;
for (o = 0; o < order; o++) {
/* At the next order, this order's pages become unavailable */
free_pages -= z->free_area[o].nr_free << o;
@@ -1486,9 +1486,28 @@ int zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, in
min >>= 1;
if (free_pages <= min)
- return 0;
+ return false;
}
- return 1;
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
+ int classzone_idx, int alloc_flags)
+{
+ return __zone_watermark_ok(z, order, mark, classzone_idx, alloc_flags,
+ zone_page_state(z, NR_FREE_PAGES));
+}
+
+bool zone_watermark_ok_safe(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
+ int classzone_idx, int alloc_flags)
+{
+ long free_pages = zone_page_state(z, NR_FREE_PAGES);
+
+ if (z->percpu_drift_mark && free_pages < z->percpu_drift_mark)
+ free_pages = zone_page_state_snapshot(z, NR_FREE_PAGES);
+
+ return __zone_watermark_ok(z, order, mark, classzone_idx, alloc_flags,
+ free_pages);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
@@ -2442,7 +2461,7 @@ void show_free_areas(void)
" all_unreclaimable? %s"
"\n",
zone->name,
- K(zone_nr_free_pages(zone)),
+ K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES)),
K(min_wmark_pages(zone)),
K(low_wmark_pages(zone)),
K(high_wmark_pages(zone)),
diff -puN mm/vmscan.c~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low mm/vmscan.c
--- a/mm/vmscan.c~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low
+++ a/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -2143,7 +2143,7 @@ static int sleeping_prematurely(pg_data_
if (zone->all_unreclaimable)
continue;
- if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, high_wmark_pages(zone),
+ if (!zone_watermark_ok_safe(zone, order, high_wmark_pages(zone),
0, 0))
return 1;
}
@@ -2230,7 +2230,7 @@ loop_again:
shrink_active_list(SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, zone,
&sc, priority, 0);
- if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, order,
+ if (!zone_watermark_ok_safe(zone, order,
high_wmark_pages(zone), 0, 0)) {
end_zone = i;
break;
@@ -2276,7 +2276,7 @@ loop_again:
* We put equal pressure on every zone, unless one
* zone has way too many pages free already.
*/
- if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, order,
+ if (!zone_watermark_ok_safe(zone, order,
8*high_wmark_pages(zone), end_zone, 0))
shrink_zone(priority, zone, &sc);
reclaim_state->reclaimed_slab = 0;
@@ -2297,7 +2297,7 @@ loop_again:
total_scanned > sc.nr_reclaimed + sc.nr_reclaimed / 2)
sc.may_writepage = 1;
- if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, order,
+ if (!zone_watermark_ok_safe(zone, order,
high_wmark_pages(zone), end_zone, 0)) {
all_zones_ok = 0;
/*
@@ -2305,7 +2305,7 @@ loop_again:
* means that we have a GFP_ATOMIC allocation
* failure risk. Hurry up!
*/
- if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, order,
+ if (!zone_watermark_ok_safe(zone, order,
min_wmark_pages(zone), end_zone, 0))
has_under_min_watermark_zone = 1;
} else {
@@ -2448,7 +2448,9 @@ static int kswapd(void *p)
*/
if (!sleeping_prematurely(pgdat, order, remaining)) {
trace_mm_vmscan_kswapd_sleep(pgdat->node_id);
+ restore_pgdat_percpu_threshold(pgdat);
schedule();
+ reduce_pgdat_percpu_threshold(pgdat);
} else {
if (remaining)
count_vm_event(KSWAPD_LOW_WMARK_HIT_QUICKLY);
@@ -2487,16 +2489,17 @@ void wakeup_kswapd(struct zone *zone, in
if (!populated_zone(zone))
return;
- pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
- if (zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, low_wmark_pages(zone), 0, 0))
+ if (!cpuset_zone_allowed_hardwall(zone, GFP_KERNEL))
return;
+ pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
if (pgdat->kswapd_max_order < order)
pgdat->kswapd_max_order = order;
- trace_mm_vmscan_wakeup_kswapd(pgdat->node_id, zone_idx(zone), order);
- if (!cpuset_zone_allowed_hardwall(zone, GFP_KERNEL))
- return;
if (!waitqueue_active(&pgdat->kswapd_wait))
return;
+ if (zone_watermark_ok_safe(zone, order, low_wmark_pages(zone), 0, 0))
+ return;
+
+ trace_mm_vmscan_wakeup_kswapd(pgdat->node_id, zone_idx(zone), order);
wake_up_interruptible(&pgdat->kswapd_wait);
}
diff -puN mm/vmstat.c~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low mm/vmstat.c
--- a/mm/vmstat.c~mm-page-allocator-adjust-the-per-cpu-counter-threshold-when-memory-is-low
+++ a/mm/vmstat.c
@@ -83,6 +83,30 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_stat);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+static int calculate_pressure_threshold(struct zone *zone)
+{
+ int threshold;
+ int watermark_distance;
+
+ /*
+ * As vmstats are not up to date, there is drift between the estimated
+ * and real values. For high thresholds and a high number of CPUs, it
+ * is possible for the min watermark to be breached while the estimated
+ * value looks fine. The pressure threshold is a reduced value such
+ * that even the maximum amount of drift will not accidentally breach
+ * the min watermark
+ */
+ watermark_distance = low_wmark_pages(zone) - min_wmark_pages(zone);
+ threshold = max(1, (int)(watermark_distance / num_online_cpus()));
+
+ /*
+ * Maximum threshold is 125
+ */
+ threshold = min(125, threshold);
+
+ return threshold;
+}
+
static int calculate_threshold(struct zone *zone)
{
int threshold;
@@ -161,6 +185,48 @@ static void refresh_zone_stat_thresholds
}
}
+void reduce_pgdat_percpu_threshold(pg_data_t *pgdat)
+{
+ struct zone *zone;
+ int cpu;
+ int threshold;
+ int i;
+
+ get_online_cpus();
+ for (i = 0; i < pgdat->nr_zones; i++) {
+ zone = &pgdat->node_zones[i];
+ if (!zone->percpu_drift_mark)
+ continue;
+
+ threshold = calculate_pressure_threshold(zone);
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+ per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu)->stat_threshold
+ = threshold;
+ }
+ put_online_cpus();
+}
+
+void restore_pgdat_percpu_threshold(pg_data_t *pgdat)
+{
+ struct zone *zone;
+ int cpu;
+ int threshold;
+ int i;
+
+ get_online_cpus();
+ for (i = 0; i < pgdat->nr_zones; i++) {
+ zone = &pgdat->node_zones[i];
+ if (!zone->percpu_drift_mark)
+ continue;
+
+ threshold = calculate_threshold(zone);
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+ per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu)->stat_threshold
+ = threshold;
+ }
+ put_online_cpus();
+}
+
/*
* For use when we know that interrupts are disabled.
*/
@@ -911,7 +977,7 @@ static void zoneinfo_show_print(struct s
"\n scanned %lu"
"\n spanned %lu"
"\n present %lu",
- zone_nr_free_pages(zone),
+ zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES),
min_wmark_pages(zone),
low_wmark_pages(zone),
high_wmark_pages(zone),
_
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 3+ messages in thread
* Re: [BISECTED][REGRESSION] INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU
2011-01-06 11:45 ` Mel Gorman
@ 2011-01-06 12:00 ` Nicolas Bareil
0 siblings, 0 replies; 3+ messages in thread
From: Nicolas Bareil @ 2011-01-06 12:00 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Mel Gorman; +Cc: cl, akpm, torvalds, linux-kernel
Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> writes:
> There should be a fix for this in Andrew's mm tree. At the moment, I'm
> expecting it to be merged for 2.6.38-rc1 but I'm also expecting it will be
> merged to the stable series as you are not the only person to encounter this
> sort of problem. To be sure, can you confirm if the following patch helps you?
> It's a copy of what is in Andrew's tree. Thanks
Indeed, this commit fixed the issue!
Thanks for your fast reply!
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 3+ messages in thread
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2011-01-06 11:38 [BISECTED][REGRESSION] INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU Nicolas Bareil
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2011-01-06 12:00 ` Nicolas Bareil
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