* [PATCH v2 1/3] KVM: x86: Reject nested CAP enablement if nested virtualization is disabled
2026-06-30 20:28 [PATCH v2 0/3] KVM: x86: Convert nested ops to static calls Sean Christopherson
@ 2026-06-30 20:28 ` Sean Christopherson
2026-07-10 12:56 ` Vitaly Kuznetsov
2026-06-30 20:28 ` [PATCH v2 2/3] KVM: x86: Add static calls for nested virtualization ops Sean Christopherson
2026-06-30 20:28 ` [PATCH v2 3/3] KVM: x86: Move nested_ops out of kvm_x86_ops, to global kvm_nested_ops Sean Christopherson
2 siblings, 1 reply; 5+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2026-06-30 20:28 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Sean Christopherson, Paolo Bonzini, Vitaly Kuznetsov; +Cc: kvm, linux-kernel
Add a flag to explicitly track if nested virtualization is enabled, and use
it enumerate that various nested CAPs are unsupported, and to reject
enablement of said CAPs. When the nested ops hooks were moved to their
own structure, KVM's NULL-by-default behavior was deliberately dropped,
with the changelog asserting that all was well. That wasn't quite true;
there is no danger to KVM, but now KVM is over-reporting support for
KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE and KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENLIGHTENED_VMCS.
Fixes: 33b22172452f ("KVM: x86: move nested-related kvm_x86_ops to a separate struct")
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 2 ++
arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c | 3 ++-
arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c | 1 +
arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c | 1 +
arch/x86/kvm/x86.c | 12 +++++++-----
5 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index b517257a6315..36de689a579c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -1906,6 +1906,8 @@ struct kvm_x86_ops {
};
struct kvm_x86_nested_ops {
+ bool enabled;
+
void (*leave_nested)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
bool (*is_exception_vmexit)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u8 vector,
u32 error_code);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
index 1ee0d23f8949..7184622992d0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
@@ -2787,7 +2787,8 @@ int kvm_get_hv_cpuid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid,
};
int i, nent = ARRAY_SIZE(cpuid_entries);
- if (kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_evmcs_version)
+ if (kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled &&
+ kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_evmcs_version)
evmcs_ver = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_evmcs_version(vcpu);
if (cpuid->nent < nent)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
index ef69a51ab27f..163440fca59f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
@@ -5646,6 +5646,7 @@ static __init int svm_hardware_setup(void)
if (r)
return r;
}
+ svm_nested_ops.enabled = nested;
/*
* KVM's MMU doesn't support using 2-level paging for itself, and thus
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
index 3681d565f177..ef9e1bc39edb 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
@@ -8786,6 +8786,7 @@ __init int vmx_hardware_setup(void)
if (r)
return r;
}
+ vmx_nested_ops.enabled = nested;
kvm_set_posted_intr_wakeup_handler(pi_wakeup_handler);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
index 0626e835e9eb..cd9a5ff47f6f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
@@ -2346,7 +2346,7 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_check_extension(struct kvm *kvm, long ext)
r &= ~KVM_X2APIC_ENABLE_SUPPRESS_EOI_BROADCAST;
break;
case KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE:
- r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_state ?
+ r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled ?
kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_state(NULL, NULL, 0) : 0;
break;
#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_HYPERV
@@ -2354,7 +2354,8 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_check_extension(struct kvm *kvm, long ext)
r = kvm_x86_ops.enable_l2_tlb_flush != NULL;
break;
case KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENLIGHTENED_VMCS:
- r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs != NULL;
+ r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled &&
+ kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs != NULL;
break;
#endif
case KVM_CAP_SMALLER_MAXPHYADDR:
@@ -3366,7 +3367,8 @@ static int kvm_vcpu_ioctl_enable_cap(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
uint16_t vmcs_version;
void __user *user_ptr;
- if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs)
+ if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled ||
+ !kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs)
return -ENOTTY;
r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs(vcpu, &vmcs_version);
if (!r) {
@@ -3732,7 +3734,7 @@ long kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl(struct file *filp,
u32 user_data_size;
r = -EINVAL;
- if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_state)
+ if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled)
break;
BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(user_data_size) != sizeof(user_kvm_nested_state->size));
@@ -3762,7 +3764,7 @@ long kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl(struct file *filp,
int idx;
r = -EINVAL;
- if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->set_state)
+ if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled)
break;
r = -EFAULT;
--
2.55.0.rc0.799.gd6f94ed593-goog
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH v2 1/3] KVM: x86: Reject nested CAP enablement if nested virtualization is disabled
2026-06-30 20:28 ` [PATCH v2 1/3] KVM: x86: Reject nested CAP enablement if nested virtualization is disabled Sean Christopherson
@ 2026-07-10 12:56 ` Vitaly Kuznetsov
0 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread
From: Vitaly Kuznetsov @ 2026-07-10 12:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Sean Christopherson, Paolo Bonzini; +Cc: kvm, linux-kernel
Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> writes:
> Add a flag to explicitly track if nested virtualization is enabled, and use
> it enumerate that various nested CAPs are unsupported, and to reject
> enablement of said CAPs. When the nested ops hooks were moved to their
> own structure, KVM's NULL-by-default behavior was deliberately dropped,
> with the changelog asserting that all was well. That wasn't quite true;
> there is no danger to KVM, but now KVM is over-reporting support for
> KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE and KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENLIGHTENED_VMCS.
>
> Fixes: 33b22172452f ("KVM: x86: move nested-related kvm_x86_ops to a separate struct")
> Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
> ---
> arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 2 ++
> arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c | 3 ++-
> arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c | 1 +
> arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c | 1 +
> arch/x86/kvm/x86.c | 12 +++++++-----
> 5 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> index b517257a6315..36de689a579c 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> @@ -1906,6 +1906,8 @@ struct kvm_x86_ops {
> };
>
> struct kvm_x86_nested_ops {
> + bool enabled;
> +
> void (*leave_nested)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
> bool (*is_exception_vmexit)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u8 vector,
> u32 error_code);
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
> index 1ee0d23f8949..7184622992d0 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
> @@ -2787,7 +2787,8 @@ int kvm_get_hv_cpuid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid,
> };
> int i, nent = ARRAY_SIZE(cpuid_entries);
>
> - if (kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_evmcs_version)
> + if (kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled &&
> + kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_evmcs_version)
> evmcs_ver = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_evmcs_version(vcpu);
>
> if (cpuid->nent < nent)
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
> index ef69a51ab27f..163440fca59f 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
> @@ -5646,6 +5646,7 @@ static __init int svm_hardware_setup(void)
> if (r)
> return r;
> }
> + svm_nested_ops.enabled = nested;
>
> /*
> * KVM's MMU doesn't support using 2-level paging for itself, and thus
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> index 3681d565f177..ef9e1bc39edb 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> @@ -8786,6 +8786,7 @@ __init int vmx_hardware_setup(void)
> if (r)
> return r;
> }
> + vmx_nested_ops.enabled = nested;
>
> kvm_set_posted_intr_wakeup_handler(pi_wakeup_handler);
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
> index 0626e835e9eb..cd9a5ff47f6f 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
> @@ -2346,7 +2346,7 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_check_extension(struct kvm *kvm, long ext)
> r &= ~KVM_X2APIC_ENABLE_SUPPRESS_EOI_BROADCAST;
> break;
> case KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE:
> - r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_state ?
> + r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled ?
> kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_state(NULL, NULL, 0) : 0;
> break;
> #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_HYPERV
> @@ -2354,7 +2354,8 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_check_extension(struct kvm *kvm, long ext)
> r = kvm_x86_ops.enable_l2_tlb_flush != NULL;
> break;
> case KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENLIGHTENED_VMCS:
> - r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs != NULL;
> + r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled &&
> + kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs != NULL;
> break;
> #endif
> case KVM_CAP_SMALLER_MAXPHYADDR:
> @@ -3366,7 +3367,8 @@ static int kvm_vcpu_ioctl_enable_cap(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
> uint16_t vmcs_version;
> void __user *user_ptr;
>
> - if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs)
> + if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled ||
> + !kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs)
> return -ENOTTY;
> r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs(vcpu, &vmcs_version);
> if (!r) {
> @@ -3732,7 +3734,7 @@ long kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl(struct file *filp,
> u32 user_data_size;
>
> r = -EINVAL;
> - if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_state)
> + if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled)
> break;
>
> BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(user_data_size) != sizeof(user_kvm_nested_state->size));
> @@ -3762,7 +3764,7 @@ long kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl(struct file *filp,
> int idx;
>
> r = -EINVAL;
> - if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->set_state)
> + if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled)
> break;
>
> r = -EFAULT;
Reviewed-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
--
Vitaly
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v2 2/3] KVM: x86: Add static calls for nested virtualization ops
2026-06-30 20:28 [PATCH v2 0/3] KVM: x86: Convert nested ops to static calls Sean Christopherson
2026-06-30 20:28 ` [PATCH v2 1/3] KVM: x86: Reject nested CAP enablement if nested virtualization is disabled Sean Christopherson
@ 2026-06-30 20:28 ` Sean Christopherson
2026-06-30 20:28 ` [PATCH v2 3/3] KVM: x86: Move nested_ops out of kvm_x86_ops, to global kvm_nested_ops Sean Christopherson
2 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2026-06-30 20:28 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Sean Christopherson, Paolo Bonzini, Vitaly Kuznetsov; +Cc: kvm, linux-kernel
Use static calls to invoke nested virtualization ops, as many of the calls
are in relatively hot paths when L2 is active, e.g. checking for events,
and because there's no reason not use static calls these days.
Opportunistically use a RET0 static call for get_evmcs_version() instead
of manually checking for a non-NULL vendor hook.
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/kvm-x86-nested-ops.h | 36 +++++++++++++++
arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 8 ++++
arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c | 7 ++-
arch/x86/kvm/mmu.h | 5 +--
arch/x86/kvm/mmu/paging_tmpl.h | 2 +-
arch/x86/kvm/x86.c | 53 +++++++++++++++--------
arch/x86/kvm/x86.h | 2 +-
7 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/kvm-x86-nested-ops.h
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm-x86-nested-ops.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm-x86-nested-ops.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4b1be5bcecaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm-x86-nested-ops.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#if !defined(KVM_X86_NESTED_OP) || \
+ !defined(KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL) || \
+ !defined(KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL_RET0)
+#error Missing one or more KVM_X86_NESTED_OP #defines
+#else
+/*
+ * KVM_X86_NESTED_OP() and KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL() are used to help
+ * generate both DECLARE/DEFINE_STATIC_CALL() invocations and
+ * "static_call_update()" calls.
+ *
+ * KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL() can be used for those functions that can have
+ * a NULL definition. KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL_RET0() can be used likewise
+ * to make a definition optional, but in this case the default will
+ * be __static_call_return0.
+ */
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(leave_nested)
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(is_exception_vmexit)
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(check_events)
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL_RET0(has_events)
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(triple_fault)
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(get_state)
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(set_state)
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(get_nested_state_pages)
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL_RET0(write_log_dirty)
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(translate_nested_gpa)
+#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_HYPERV
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL(enable_evmcs)
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL_RET0(get_evmcs_version)
+KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(hv_inject_synthetic_vmexit_post_tlb_flush)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#undef KVM_X86_NESTED_OP
+#undef KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL
+#undef KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL_RET0
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 36de689a579c..25b1e3c1b344 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -1963,6 +1963,14 @@ extern struct kvm_x86_ops kvm_x86_ops;
#define KVM_X86_OP_OPTIONAL_RET0 KVM_X86_OP
#include <asm/kvm-x86-ops.h>
+#define kvm_nested_call(func) static_call(kvm_x86_nested_##func)
+
+#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(func) \
+ DECLARE_STATIC_CALL(kvm_x86_nested_##func, *(((struct kvm_x86_nested_ops *)0)->func));
+#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL KVM_X86_NESTED_OP
+#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL_RET0 KVM_X86_NESTED_OP
+#include <asm/kvm-x86-nested-ops.h>
+
#define __KVM_HAVE_ARCH_VM_ALLOC
static inline struct kvm *kvm_arch_alloc_vm(void)
{
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
index 7184622992d0..8b396ccd847e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
@@ -2406,7 +2406,7 @@ static int kvm_hv_hypercall_complete(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 result)
ret = kvm_skip_emulated_instruction(vcpu);
if (tlb_lock_count)
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->hv_inject_synthetic_vmexit_post_tlb_flush(vcpu);
+ kvm_nested_call(hv_inject_synthetic_vmexit_post_tlb_flush)(vcpu);
return ret;
}
@@ -2787,9 +2787,8 @@ int kvm_get_hv_cpuid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid,
};
int i, nent = ARRAY_SIZE(cpuid_entries);
- if (kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled &&
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_evmcs_version)
- evmcs_ver = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_evmcs_version(vcpu);
+ if (kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled)
+ evmcs_ver = kvm_nested_call(get_evmcs_version)(vcpu);
if (cpuid->nent < nent)
return -E2BIG;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu.h b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu.h
index c9f628b97dae..fa05ca2c8549 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu.h
@@ -385,9 +385,8 @@ static inline gpa_t kvm_translate_gpa(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
{
if (!mmu_is_nested(vcpu) || w == &vcpu->arch.ngpa_walk)
return gpa;
- return kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->translate_nested_gpa(vcpu, gpa, access,
- exception,
- pte_access);
+ return kvm_nested_call(translate_nested_gpa)(vcpu, gpa, access,
+ exception, pte_access);
}
static inline bool kvm_has_mirrored_tdp(const struct kvm *kvm)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/paging_tmpl.h b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/paging_tmpl.h
index e73fc09ec4db..4ee7b03e762d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/paging_tmpl.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/paging_tmpl.h
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ static int FNAME(update_accessed_dirty_bits)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
!(pte & PT_GUEST_DIRTY_MASK)) {
trace_kvm_mmu_set_dirty_bit(table_gfn, index, sizeof(pte));
#if PTTYPE == PTTYPE_EPT
- if (kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->write_log_dirty(vcpu, addr))
+ if (kvm_nested_call(write_log_dirty)(vcpu, addr))
return -EINVAL;
#endif
pte |= PT_GUEST_DIRTY_MASK;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
index cd9a5ff47f6f..792afd15582b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
@@ -165,6 +165,13 @@ EXPORT_STATIC_CALL_GPL(kvm_x86_get_cs_db_l_bits);
EXPORT_STATIC_CALL_GPL(kvm_x86_cache_reg);
EXPORT_STATIC_CALL_GPL(kvm_x86_get_cpl);
+#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(func) \
+ DEFINE_STATIC_CALL_NULL(kvm_x86_nested_##func, \
+ *(((struct kvm_x86_nested_ops *)0)->func));
+#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL KVM_X86_NESTED_OP
+#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL_RET0 KVM_X86_NESTED_OP
+#include <asm/kvm-x86-nested-ops.h>
+
unsigned int min_timer_period_us = 200;
module_param(min_timer_period_us, uint, 0644);
@@ -454,7 +461,7 @@ static void kvm_multiple_exception(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned int nr,
* wants to intercept the exception.
*/
if (is_guest_mode(vcpu) &&
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->is_exception_vmexit(vcpu, nr, error_code)) {
+ kvm_nested_call(is_exception_vmexit)(vcpu, nr, error_code)) {
kvm_queue_exception_vmexit(vcpu, nr, has_error, error_code,
has_payload, payload);
return;
@@ -2347,7 +2354,7 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_check_extension(struct kvm *kvm, long ext)
break;
case KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE:
r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled ?
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_state(NULL, NULL, 0) : 0;
+ kvm_nested_call(get_state)(NULL, NULL, 0) : 0;
break;
#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_HYPERV
case KVM_CAP_HYPERV_DIRECT_TLBFLUSH:
@@ -3370,7 +3377,7 @@ static int kvm_vcpu_ioctl_enable_cap(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled ||
!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs)
return -ENOTTY;
- r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs(vcpu, &vmcs_version);
+ r = kvm_nested_call(enable_evmcs)(vcpu, &vmcs_version);
if (!r) {
user_ptr = (void __user *)(uintptr_t)cap->args[0];
if (copy_to_user(user_ptr, &vmcs_version,
@@ -3742,8 +3749,7 @@ long kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl(struct file *filp,
if (get_user(user_data_size, &user_kvm_nested_state->size))
break;
- r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_state(vcpu, user_kvm_nested_state,
- user_data_size);
+ r = kvm_nested_call(get_state)(vcpu, user_kvm_nested_state, user_data_size);
if (r < 0)
break;
@@ -3787,7 +3793,7 @@ long kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl(struct file *filp,
break;
idx = srcu_read_lock(&vcpu->kvm->srcu);
- r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->set_state(vcpu, user_kvm_nested_state, &kvm_state);
+ r = kvm_nested_call(set_state)(vcpu, user_kvm_nested_state, &kvm_state);
srcu_read_unlock(&vcpu->kvm->srcu, idx);
break;
}
@@ -6905,6 +6911,20 @@ static void kvm_setup_efer_caps(void)
kvm_enable_efer_bits(EFER_AUTOIBRS);
}
+static void kvm_nested_ops_update(const struct kvm_x86_nested_ops *nested_ops)
+{
+#define __KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(func) \
+ static_call_update(kvm_x86_nested_##func, nested_ops->func);
+#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(func) \
+ WARN_ON(!nested_ops->func); __KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(func)
+#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL __KVM_X86_NESTED_OP
+#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL_RET0(func) \
+ static_call_update(kvm_x86_nested_##func, (void *)nested_ops->func ? : \
+ (void *)__static_call_return0);
+#include <asm/kvm-x86-nested-ops.h>
+#undef __KVM_X86_NESTED_OP
+}
+
static inline void kvm_ops_update(struct kvm_x86_init_ops *ops)
{
memcpy(&kvm_x86_ops, ops->runtime_ops, sizeof(kvm_x86_ops));
@@ -6920,6 +6940,8 @@ static inline void kvm_ops_update(struct kvm_x86_init_ops *ops)
#include <asm/kvm-x86-ops.h>
#undef __KVM_X86_OP
+ kvm_nested_ops_update(kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops);
+
kvm_pmu_ops_update(ops->pmu_ops);
}
@@ -7456,11 +7478,11 @@ static void post_kvm_run_save(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
int kvm_check_nested_events(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
{
if (kvm_test_request(KVM_REQ_TRIPLE_FAULT, vcpu)) {
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->triple_fault(vcpu);
+ kvm_nested_call(triple_fault)(vcpu);
return 1;
}
- return kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->check_events(vcpu);
+ return kvm_nested_call(check_events)(vcpu);
}
static void kvm_inject_exception(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
@@ -7698,9 +7720,7 @@ static int kvm_check_and_inject_events(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
kvm_x86_call(enable_irq_window)(vcpu);
}
- if (is_guest_mode(vcpu) &&
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->has_events &&
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->has_events(vcpu, true))
+ if (is_guest_mode(vcpu) && kvm_nested_call(has_events)(vcpu, true))
*req_immediate_exit = true;
/*
@@ -8023,7 +8043,7 @@ static int vcpu_enter_guest(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
}
if (kvm_check_request(KVM_REQ_GET_NESTED_STATE_PAGES, vcpu)) {
- if (unlikely(!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->get_nested_state_pages(vcpu))) {
+ if (unlikely(!kvm_nested_call(get_nested_state_pages)(vcpu))) {
r = 0;
goto out;
}
@@ -8075,7 +8095,7 @@ static int vcpu_enter_guest(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
}
if (kvm_test_request(KVM_REQ_TRIPLE_FAULT, vcpu)) {
if (is_guest_mode(vcpu))
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->triple_fault(vcpu);
+ kvm_nested_call(triple_fault)(vcpu);
if (kvm_check_request(KVM_REQ_TRIPLE_FAULT, vcpu)) {
vcpu->run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN;
@@ -8493,9 +8513,7 @@ bool kvm_vcpu_has_events(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
if (kvm_hv_has_stimer_pending(vcpu))
return true;
- if (is_guest_mode(vcpu) &&
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->has_events &&
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->has_events(vcpu, false))
+ if (is_guest_mode(vcpu) && kvm_nested_call(has_events)(vcpu, false))
return true;
if (kvm_xen_has_pending_events(vcpu))
@@ -8898,8 +8916,7 @@ int kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
* a pending VM-Exit if L1 wants to intercept the exception.
*/
if (vcpu->arch.exception_from_userspace && is_guest_mode(vcpu) &&
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->is_exception_vmexit(vcpu, ex->vector,
- ex->error_code)) {
+ kvm_nested_call(is_exception_vmexit)(vcpu, ex->vector, ex->error_code)) {
kvm_queue_exception_vmexit(vcpu, ex->vector,
ex->has_error_code, ex->error_code,
ex->has_payload, ex->payload);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.h b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.h
index 8ece468087a8..b510b631f0c5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.h
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ int kvm_check_nested_events(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
/* Forcibly leave the nested mode in cases like a vCPU reset */
static inline void kvm_leave_nested(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
{
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->leave_nested(vcpu);
+ kvm_nested_call(leave_nested)(vcpu);
}
/*
--
2.55.0.rc0.799.gd6f94ed593-goog
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread* [PATCH v2 3/3] KVM: x86: Move nested_ops out of kvm_x86_ops, to global kvm_nested_ops
2026-06-30 20:28 [PATCH v2 0/3] KVM: x86: Convert nested ops to static calls Sean Christopherson
2026-06-30 20:28 ` [PATCH v2 1/3] KVM: x86: Reject nested CAP enablement if nested virtualization is disabled Sean Christopherson
2026-06-30 20:28 ` [PATCH v2 2/3] KVM: x86: Add static calls for nested virtualization ops Sean Christopherson
@ 2026-06-30 20:28 ` Sean Christopherson
2 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2026-06-30 20:28 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Sean Christopherson, Paolo Bonzini, Vitaly Kuznetsov; +Cc: kvm, linux-kernel
Rework KVM's handling of per-vendor nested ops to copy the vendor's ops
into a global structure owned by common x86, i.e. treat nested ops just
like x86 and PMU ops. In addition to providing consistency across all ops
implementations, making a copy of the ops prevents changes to the vendor's
ops after KVM is initialized, i.e. guards against goofs where KVM *thinks*
it is updating nested ops, but which won't take effect now that KVM uses
static calls to invoke vendor hooks.
Ignoring the side effects of tagging {svm,vmx}_nested_ops as __initdata,
no functional change intended.
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 4 ++--
arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c | 2 +-
arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c | 2 +-
arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c | 3 +--
arch/x86/kvm/vmx/main.c | 3 +--
arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c | 2 +-
arch/x86/kvm/x86.c | 25 +++++++++++++------------
7 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 25b1e3c1b344..7e07a9c259d0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -1842,8 +1842,6 @@ struct kvm_x86_ops {
void (*update_cpu_dirty_logging)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
- const struct kvm_x86_nested_ops *nested_ops;
-
void (*vcpu_blocking)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
void (*vcpu_unblocking)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
@@ -1939,6 +1937,7 @@ struct kvm_x86_init_ops {
struct kvm_x86_ops *runtime_ops;
struct kvm_pmu_ops *pmu_ops;
+ struct kvm_x86_nested_ops *nested_ops;
};
struct kvm_arch_async_pf {
@@ -1954,6 +1953,7 @@ extern bool __read_mostly enable_apicv;
extern bool __read_mostly enable_ipiv;
extern bool __read_mostly enable_device_posted_irqs;
extern struct kvm_x86_ops kvm_x86_ops;
+extern struct kvm_x86_nested_ops kvm_nested_ops __read_mostly;
#define kvm_x86_call(func) static_call(kvm_x86_##func)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
index 8b396ccd847e..b010dca37b9d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
@@ -2787,7 +2787,7 @@ int kvm_get_hv_cpuid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid,
};
int i, nent = ARRAY_SIZE(cpuid_entries);
- if (kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled)
+ if (kvm_nested_ops.enabled)
evmcs_ver = kvm_nested_call(get_evmcs_version)(vcpu);
if (cpuid->nent < nent)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
index ba985a02208a..5f6d9971a3f2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
@@ -2162,7 +2162,7 @@ static gpa_t svm_translate_nested_gpa(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t gpa,
return w->gva_to_gpa(vcpu, w, gpa, access, exception);
}
-struct kvm_x86_nested_ops svm_nested_ops = {
+struct kvm_x86_nested_ops svm_nested_ops __initdata = {
.leave_nested = svm_leave_nested,
.translate_nested_gpa = svm_translate_nested_gpa,
.is_exception_vmexit = nested_svm_is_exception_vmexit,
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
index 163440fca59f..d3807f4abb49 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
@@ -5426,8 +5426,6 @@ struct kvm_x86_ops svm_x86_ops __initdata = {
.check_intercept = svm_check_intercept,
.handle_exit_irqoff = svm_handle_exit_irqoff,
- .nested_ops = &svm_nested_ops,
-
.deliver_interrupt = svm_deliver_interrupt,
.pi_update_irte = avic_pi_update_irte,
.setup_mce = svm_setup_mce,
@@ -5773,6 +5771,7 @@ static struct kvm_x86_init_ops svm_init_ops __initdata = {
.runtime_ops = &svm_x86_ops,
.pmu_ops = &amd_pmu_ops,
+ .nested_ops = &svm_nested_ops,
};
static void __svm_exit(void)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/main.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/main.c
index 83d9921277ea..04f986e3d439 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/main.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/main.c
@@ -995,8 +995,6 @@ struct kvm_x86_ops vt_x86_ops __initdata = {
.update_cpu_dirty_logging = vt_op(update_cpu_dirty_logging),
- .nested_ops = &vmx_nested_ops,
-
.pi_update_irte = vmx_pi_update_irte,
.pi_start_bypass = vmx_pi_start_bypass,
@@ -1038,6 +1036,7 @@ struct kvm_x86_init_ops vt_init_ops __initdata = {
.runtime_ops = &vt_x86_ops,
.pmu_ops = &intel_pmu_ops,
+ .nested_ops = &vmx_nested_ops,
};
static void __exit vt_exit(void)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c
index 0635e92471c8..cbb209d8a8f0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c
@@ -7484,7 +7484,7 @@ static gpa_t vmx_translate_nested_gpa(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t gpa,
return w->gva_to_gpa(vcpu, w, gpa, access, exception);
}
-struct kvm_x86_nested_ops vmx_nested_ops = {
+struct kvm_x86_nested_ops vmx_nested_ops __initdata = {
.leave_nested = vmx_leave_nested,
.translate_nested_gpa = vmx_translate_nested_gpa,
.is_exception_vmexit = nested_vmx_is_exception_vmexit,
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
index 792afd15582b..5ba4aac37640 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ static int sync_regs(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
static DEFINE_MUTEX(vendor_module_lock);
struct kvm_x86_ops kvm_x86_ops __read_mostly;
+struct kvm_x86_nested_ops kvm_nested_ops __read_mostly;
#define KVM_X86_OP(func) \
DEFINE_STATIC_CALL_NULL(kvm_x86_##func, \
@@ -2353,16 +2354,14 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_check_extension(struct kvm *kvm, long ext)
r &= ~KVM_X2APIC_ENABLE_SUPPRESS_EOI_BROADCAST;
break;
case KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE:
- r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled ?
- kvm_nested_call(get_state)(NULL, NULL, 0) : 0;
+ r = kvm_nested_ops.enabled ? kvm_nested_call(get_state)(NULL, NULL, 0) : 0;
break;
#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_HYPERV
case KVM_CAP_HYPERV_DIRECT_TLBFLUSH:
r = kvm_x86_ops.enable_l2_tlb_flush != NULL;
break;
case KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENLIGHTENED_VMCS:
- r = kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled &&
- kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs != NULL;
+ r = kvm_nested_ops.enabled && kvm_nested_ops.enable_evmcs != NULL;
break;
#endif
case KVM_CAP_SMALLER_MAXPHYADDR:
@@ -3374,8 +3373,8 @@ static int kvm_vcpu_ioctl_enable_cap(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
uint16_t vmcs_version;
void __user *user_ptr;
- if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled ||
- !kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enable_evmcs)
+ if (!kvm_nested_ops.enabled ||
+ !kvm_nested_ops.enable_evmcs)
return -ENOTTY;
r = kvm_nested_call(enable_evmcs)(vcpu, &vmcs_version);
if (!r) {
@@ -3741,7 +3740,7 @@ long kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl(struct file *filp,
u32 user_data_size;
r = -EINVAL;
- if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled)
+ if (!kvm_nested_ops.enabled)
break;
BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(user_data_size) != sizeof(user_kvm_nested_state->size));
@@ -3770,7 +3769,7 @@ long kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl(struct file *filp,
int idx;
r = -EINVAL;
- if (!kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops->enabled)
+ if (!kvm_nested_ops.enabled)
break;
r = -EFAULT;
@@ -6913,13 +6912,15 @@ static void kvm_setup_efer_caps(void)
static void kvm_nested_ops_update(const struct kvm_x86_nested_ops *nested_ops)
{
+ memcpy(&kvm_nested_ops, nested_ops, sizeof(kvm_nested_ops));
+
#define __KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(func) \
- static_call_update(kvm_x86_nested_##func, nested_ops->func);
+ static_call_update(kvm_x86_nested_##func, kvm_nested_ops.func);
#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(func) \
- WARN_ON(!nested_ops->func); __KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(func)
+ WARN_ON(!kvm_nested_ops.func); __KVM_X86_NESTED_OP(func)
#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL __KVM_X86_NESTED_OP
#define KVM_X86_NESTED_OP_OPTIONAL_RET0(func) \
- static_call_update(kvm_x86_nested_##func, (void *)nested_ops->func ? : \
+ static_call_update(kvm_x86_nested_##func, (void *)kvm_nested_ops.func ? : \
(void *)__static_call_return0);
#include <asm/kvm-x86-nested-ops.h>
#undef __KVM_X86_NESTED_OP
@@ -6940,7 +6941,7 @@ static inline void kvm_ops_update(struct kvm_x86_init_ops *ops)
#include <asm/kvm-x86-ops.h>
#undef __KVM_X86_OP
- kvm_nested_ops_update(kvm_x86_ops.nested_ops);
+ kvm_nested_ops_update(ops->nested_ops);
kvm_pmu_ops_update(ops->pmu_ops);
}
--
2.55.0.rc0.799.gd6f94ed593-goog
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread