[PATCH v9 0/6] Support sparse mappings in Panthor

[PATCH v9 0/6] Support sparse mappings in Panthor

[Adrián Larumbe]

This patch series implements sparse mappings in Panthor. Owing to the lack of HW MMU
features for sparse page table entries, this had to be implemented using a dummy object
over which sparse mappings requested over VM_BIND are mapped cyclically.

To that end, a new VM_BIND flag was added in the driver's uAPI.

The end goal of this patch series is to improve support of Vulkan sparse
resources. At the moment, to implement this feature on Mali hardware, Vulkan
sparse map is implemented by mapping the specified region to a "dummy bo" so
that the accesses do not fault. A newly created sparse resource starts off
unmapped, and therefore also has to be mapped to the "dummy bo".  This "dummy
bo" is small (a page size) in comparison to the sizes of va ranges that we might
want to map to it, and a large number of vm_bind ops can be necessary. For
example, if the user were to create a 100e6-byte sparse resident resource, we'd
have to poke VM_BIND with ceil(100e6/0x1000)=24415 map operations.

The new VM_BIND sparse mapping feature addresses this particular inefficiency by
letting us implement a single Vulkan sparse map operation and sparse resident
resource initialization with just one map operation.

Link to the conversation for the previous patch series revision at:
https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20260416214453.112332-1-adrian.larumbe@collabora.com/

Changes in v9:
 - Addressed some nits.
 - Rearranged argument checks for vm_bind to profit from compiler optimisations.
 - Added some further comments.

Changes in v8:
 - Allocate a single 2MiB BO as a dummy buffer for sparse mappings. Let its pages
 be retrieved just like for any other BO during a map operation.
 - Removed locking around allocation of the dummy BO by doing it right at the
  time of a VMA pool creation.
 - Some minor style fixes.
 - Refactor low level page mapping code in sm_remap and sm_map.
 - Made NO_EXEC a mandatory flag for sparse mappings.
 - Actually bumped the driver's minor revision number.

Changes in v7:
 - Switched back to Panthor BO-backed dummy object instead of raw pages so as to profit from
 the existing shrinker reclaim paths.
 - Created Dummy BO's per file context to avoid information leaking between them.
 - Reorganised some of the low-level page mapping code.
 - Added commits deleting spurious white space and unused op contex field.

Changes in v6:
 - Moved all the GPUVM core code into the driver backend.
 - Discarded commits that touch on the gpuvm core too.
 - Redesigned the uAPI so that no repeat range or user BO is supplied for sparse mappings.
 - Replaced user-supplied BO with a kernel-allocated array of raw pages.

Changes in v5:
 - Minor fixes to drm_gpuvm.c.
 - Add panthor MMU page sizes device queriable param.
 - Add helper to make sure unmaps of repeated regions are correct.
 - Some fixes to Panthor's repeat mappings implementation.
 - Lump arguments to panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx into a single struct.

Changes in v4:
 - Fixed the warnings reported by the kernel test robot.
  https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202507041635.WyDu3TQ1-lkp@intel.com/
 - Fixed the warnings reported by the CI.
  https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/151264/

No changes in v3.

Changes in v2:
 - Make panthor use this stuff.
 - Make it possible to express a repeated mappina of any suitably sized
  and aligned range of a BO, rather than strictly the page size -sized
  prefix, generalizing the API. Rename DRM_GPUVA_SINGLE_PAGE to
  DRM_GPUVA_REPEAT.
 - Clean up parts of drm/gpuvm affected by these changes.

Adrián Larumbe (6):
  drm/panthor: Expose GPU page sizes to UM
  drm/panthor: Pass vm_bind_op to vm_prepare_map_op_ctx
  drm/panthor: Delete spurious whitespace from uAPI header
  drm/panthor: Remove unused operation context field
  drm/panthor: Support sparse mappings
  drm/panthor: Bump the driver version to 1.9

 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h |   3 +
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c    |  12 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c    |  18 ++
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h    |   2 +
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c    | 214 ++++++++++++++++++-----
 include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h           |  26 ++-
 6 files changed, 231 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)


base-commit: 62a36c2da774800bef893bc4bf8922fb9c07c1d0
prerequisite-patch-id: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--
2.53.0

[PATCH v9 1/6] drm/panthor: Expose GPU page sizes to UM

[Adrián Larumbe]

In future commits that will implement repeated mappings, only repeat
values multiple of GPU page sizes will be tolerated. That means these
values must be made known to UM. Do it through a queriable GPU info
value.

Reviewed-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
---
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h |  3 +++
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c    |  8 ++++++++
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c    |  9 ++++++++-
 include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h           | 13 +++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
index 5cba272f9b4d..d856a4fe1d61 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
@@ -158,6 +158,9 @@ struct panthor_device {
 	/** @csif_info: Command stream interface information. */
 	struct drm_panthor_csif_info csif_info;
 
+	/** @mmu_info: MMU info */
+	struct drm_panthor_mmu_info mmu_info;
+
 	/** @hw: GPU-specific data. */
 	struct panthor_hw *hw;
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
index 73fc983dc9b4..a8090bc4e33c 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ panthor_get_uobj_array(const struct drm_panthor_obj_array *in, u32 min_stride,
 	_Generic(_obj_name, \
 		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_gpu_info, tiler_present), \
 		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_csif_info, pad), \
+		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_mmu_info, page_size_bitmap), \
 		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_timestamp_info, current_timestamp), \
 		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_group_priorities_info, pad), \
 		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_sync_op, timeline_value), \
@@ -946,6 +947,10 @@ static int panthor_ioctl_dev_query(struct drm_device *ddev, void *data, struct d
 			args->size = sizeof(ptdev->csif_info);
 			return 0;
 
+		case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO:
+			args->size = sizeof(ptdev->mmu_info);
+			return 0;
+
 		case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO:
 			args->size = sizeof(timestamp_info);
 			return 0;
@@ -966,6 +971,9 @@ static int panthor_ioctl_dev_query(struct drm_device *ddev, void *data, struct d
 	case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_CSIF_INFO:
 		return PANTHOR_UOBJ_SET(args->pointer, args->size, ptdev->csif_info);
 
+	case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO:
+		return PANTHOR_UOBJ_SET(args->pointer, args->size, ptdev->mmu_info);
+
 	case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO:
 		ret = copy_struct_from_user(&timestamp_info,
 					    sizeof(timestamp_info),
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
index fa8b31df85c9..dad56a01c597 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
@@ -2750,7 +2750,7 @@ panthor_vm_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev, bool for_mcu,
 	refcount_set(&vm->as.active_cnt, 0);
 
 	pgtbl_cfg = (struct io_pgtable_cfg) {
-		.pgsize_bitmap	= SZ_4K | SZ_2M,
+		.pgsize_bitmap	= ptdev->mmu_info.page_size_bitmap,
 		.ias		= va_bits,
 		.oas		= pa_bits,
 		.coherent_walk	= ptdev->coherent,
@@ -3195,6 +3195,11 @@ static void panthor_mmu_release_wq(struct drm_device *ddev, void *res)
 	destroy_workqueue(res);
 }
 
+static void panthor_mmu_info_init(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
+{
+	ptdev->mmu_info.page_size_bitmap = SZ_4K | SZ_2M;
+}
+
 /**
  * panthor_mmu_init() - Initialize the MMU logic.
  * @ptdev: Device.
@@ -3207,6 +3212,8 @@ int panthor_mmu_init(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
 	struct panthor_mmu *mmu;
 	int ret, irq;
 
+	panthor_mmu_info_init(ptdev);
+
 	mmu = drmm_kzalloc(&ptdev->base, sizeof(*mmu), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!mmu)
 		return -ENOMEM;
diff --git a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
index 0e455d91e77d..dc2704fc2829 100644
--- a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
+++ b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
@@ -246,6 +246,9 @@ enum drm_panthor_dev_query_type {
 	/** @DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_CSIF_INFO: Query command-stream interface information. */
 	DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_CSIF_INFO,
 
+	/** @DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO: Query MMU information. */
+	DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO,
+
 	/** @DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO: Query timestamp information. */
 	DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO,
 
@@ -487,6 +490,16 @@ struct drm_panthor_timestamp_info {
 	__u64 cpu_timestamp_nsec;
 };
 
+/**
+ * struct drm_panthor_mmu_info - MMU information
+ *
+ * Structure grouping all queryable information relating to the MMU.
+ */
+struct drm_panthor_mmu_info {
+	/** @page_size_bitmap: Allowed page sizes */
+	__u64 page_size_bitmap;
+};
+
 /**
  * struct drm_panthor_group_priorities_info - Group priorities information
  *
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v9 2/6] drm/panthor: Pass vm_bind_op to vm_prepare_map_op_ctx

[Adrián Larumbe]

Instead of passing its constituent elements, pass the whole struct to
simplify the function prototype.

Reviewed-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
---
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c | 27 ++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
index dad56a01c597..400e9652cd3b 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
@@ -1275,9 +1275,7 @@ static int panthor_vm_op_ctx_prealloc_pts(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx)
 static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
 					 struct panthor_vm *vm,
 					 struct panthor_gem_object *bo,
-					 u64 offset,
-					 u64 size, u64 va,
-					 u32 flags)
+					 const struct drm_panthor_vm_bind_op *op)
 {
 	struct drm_gpuvm_bo *preallocated_vm_bo;
 	struct sg_table *sgt = NULL;
@@ -1286,12 +1284,12 @@ static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
 	if (!bo)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if ((flags & ~PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_FLAGS) ||
-	    (flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK) != DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MAP)
+	if ((op->flags & ~PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_FLAGS) ||
+	    (op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK) != DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MAP)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/* Make sure the VA and size are in-bounds. */
-	if (size > bo->base.size || offset > bo->base.size - size)
+	if (op->size > bo->base.size || op->bo_offset > bo->base.size - op->size)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/* If the BO has an exclusive VM attached, it can't be mapped to other VMs. */
@@ -1299,7 +1297,7 @@ static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
 	    bo->exclusive_vm_root_gem != panthor_vm_root_gem(vm))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	panthor_vm_init_op_ctx(op_ctx, size, va, flags);
+	panthor_vm_init_op_ctx(op_ctx, op->size, op->va, op->flags);
 
 	ret = panthor_vm_op_ctx_prealloc_vmas(op_ctx);
 	if (ret)
@@ -1328,7 +1326,7 @@ static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
 	}
 
 	op_ctx->map.vm_bo = drm_gpuvm_bo_obtain_prealloc(preallocated_vm_bo);
-	op_ctx->map.bo_offset = offset;
+	op_ctx->map.bo_offset = op->bo_offset;
 
 	ret = panthor_vm_op_ctx_prealloc_pts(op_ctx);
 	if (ret)
@@ -2830,10 +2828,7 @@ panthor_vm_bind_prepare_op_ctx(struct drm_file *file,
 		gem = drm_gem_object_lookup(file, op->bo_handle);
 		ret = panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(op_ctx, vm,
 						    gem ? to_panthor_bo(gem) : NULL,
-						    op->bo_offset,
-						    op->size,
-						    op->va,
-						    op->flags);
+						    op);
 		drm_gem_object_put(gem);
 		return ret;
 
@@ -3029,10 +3024,16 @@ int panthor_vm_bind_exec_sync_op(struct drm_file *file,
 int panthor_vm_map_bo_range(struct panthor_vm *vm, struct panthor_gem_object *bo,
 			    u64 offset, u64 size, u64 va, u32 flags)
 {
+	struct drm_panthor_vm_bind_op op = {
+		.bo_offset = offset,
+		.size = size,
+		.va = va,
+		.flags = flags,
+	};
 	struct panthor_vm_op_ctx op_ctx;
 	int ret;
 
-	ret = panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(&op_ctx, vm, bo, offset, size, va, flags);
+	ret = panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(&op_ctx, vm, bo, &op);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v9 3/6] drm/panthor: Delete spurious whitespace from uAPI header

[Adrián Larumbe]

There's no extra blank line after the last member of any other uAPI
structures, so delete it.

Reviewed-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
---
 include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
index dc2704fc2829..42c901ebdb7a 100644
--- a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
+++ b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
@@ -677,7 +677,6 @@ struct drm_panthor_vm_bind_op {
 	 * This array shall not be empty for sync-only operations.
 	 */
 	struct drm_panthor_obj_array syncs;
-
 };
 
 /**
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v9 4/6] drm/panthor: Remove unused operation context field

[Adrián Larumbe]

A Panthor BO's sgtable is now retrieved from its dmap field.

Reviewed-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
---
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c | 8 --------
 1 file changed, 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
index 400e9652cd3b..54f7f7a8d44f 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
@@ -195,14 +195,6 @@ struct panthor_vm_op_ctx {
 		/** @map.bo_offset: Offset in the buffer object. */
 		u64 bo_offset;
 
-		/**
-		 * @map.sgt: sg-table pointing to pages backing the GEM object.
-		 *
-		 * This is gathered at job creation time, such that we don't have
-		 * to allocate in ::run_job().
-		 */
-		struct sg_table *sgt;
-
 		/** @map.bo: the BO being mapped. */
 		struct panthor_gem_object *bo;
 	} map;
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v9 5/6] drm/panthor: Support sparse mappings

[Adrián Larumbe]

Allow UM to bind sparsely populated memory regions by cyclically mapping
virtual ranges over a kernel-allocated dummy BO. This alternative is
preferable to the old method of handling sparseness in the UMD, because it
relied on the creation of a buffer object to the same end, despite the fact
Vulkan sparse resources don't need to be backed by a driver BO.

The choice of backing sparsely-bound regions with a Panhtor BO was made so
as to profit from the existing shrinker reclaim code. That way no special
treatment must be given to the dummy sparse BOs when reclaiming memory, as
would be the case if we had chosen a raw kernel page implementation.

A new dummy BO is allocated per open file context, because even though the
Vulkan spec mandates that writes into sparsely bound regions must be
discarded, our implementation is still a workaround over the fact Mali CSF
GPUs cannot support this behaviour on the hardware level, so writes still
make it into the backing BO. If we had a global one, then it could be a
venue for information leaks between file contexts, which should never
happen in DRM.

Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
---
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c |  18 +++
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h |   2 +
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c | 172 ++++++++++++++++++++++----
 include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h        |  12 ++
 4 files changed, 183 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
index 69cef05b6ef7..833153c2b080 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
@@ -1345,6 +1345,24 @@ panthor_kernel_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev, struct panthor_vm *vm,
 	return ERR_PTR(ret);
 }
 
+/**
+ * panthor_dummy_bo_create() - Create a Panthor BO meant to back sparse bindings.
+ * @ptdev: Device.
+ *
+ * Return: A valid pointer in case of success, an ERR_PTR() otherwise.
+ */
+struct panthor_gem_object *
+panthor_dummy_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
+{
+	/* Since even when the DRM device's mount point has enabled THP we have no guarantee
+	 * that drm_gem_get_pages() will return a single 2MiB PMD, and also we cannot be sure
+	 * that the 2MiB won't be reclaimed and re-allocated later on as 4KiB chunks, it doesn't
+	 * make sense to pre-populate this object's page array, nor to fall back on a BO size
+	 * of 4KiB. Sticking to a dummy object size of 2MiB lets us keep things simple for now.
+	 */
+	return panthor_gem_create(&ptdev->base, SZ_2M, DRM_PANTHOR_BO_NO_MMAP, NULL, 0);
+}
+
 static bool can_swap(void)
 {
 	return get_nr_swap_pages() > 0;
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
index ae0491d0b121..8639c2fa08e6 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
@@ -315,6 +315,8 @@ panthor_kernel_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev, struct panthor_vm *vm,
 
 void panthor_kernel_bo_destroy(struct panthor_kernel_bo *bo);
 
+struct panthor_gem_object *panthor_dummy_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
 void panthor_gem_debugfs_init(struct drm_minor *minor);
 #endif
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
index 54f7f7a8d44f..7b91836e608d 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
@@ -112,6 +112,17 @@ struct panthor_mmu {
 struct panthor_vm_pool {
 	/** @xa: Array used for VM handle tracking. */
 	struct xarray xa;
+
+	/**
+	 * @dummy: Dummy object used for sparse mappings
+	 *
+	 * Sparse bindings map virtual address ranges onto a dummy
+	 * BO in a modulo fashion. Even though sparse writes are meant
+	 * to be discarded and reads undefined, writes are still reflected
+	 * in the dummy buffer. That means we must keep a dummy object per
+	 * file context, to avoid data leaks between them.
+	 */
+	struct panthor_gem_object *dummy;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -391,6 +402,16 @@ struct panthor_vm {
 		 */
 		struct list_head lru_node;
 	} reclaim;
+
+	/**
+	 * @dummy: Dummy object used for sparse mappings.
+	 *
+	 * VM's must keep a reference to the file context-wide dummy BO because
+	 * they can outlive the file context, which includes the VM pool holding
+	 * the original dummy BO reference.
+	 *
+	 */
+	struct panthor_gem_object *dummy;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -1020,6 +1041,45 @@ panthor_vm_map_pages(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+panthor_vm_map_sparse(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
+		      struct sg_table *sgt, u64 size)
+{
+	u64 start_iova = iova;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (iova & (SZ_2M - 1)) {
+		u64 unaligned_size = min(ALIGN(iova, SZ_2M) - iova, size);
+
+		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot, sgt,
+					   0, unaligned_size);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+
+		size -= unaligned_size;
+		iova += unaligned_size;
+	}
+
+	/* TODO: we should probably optimize this at the io_pgtable level. */
+	while (size > 0) {
+		u64 next_size = min(size, sg_dma_len(sgt->sgl));
+
+		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot,
+					   sgt, 0, next_size);
+		if (ret)
+			goto err_unmap;
+
+		size -= next_size;
+		iova += next_size;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+err_unmap:
+	panthor_vm_unmap_pages(vm, start_iova, iova - start_iova);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int flags_to_prot(u32 flags)
 {
 	int prot = 0;
@@ -1262,6 +1322,7 @@ static int panthor_vm_op_ctx_prealloc_pts(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx)
 	(DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_READONLY | \
 	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC | \
 	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED | \
+	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE | \
 	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK)
 
 static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
@@ -1269,6 +1330,7 @@ static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
 					 struct panthor_gem_object *bo,
 					 const struct drm_panthor_vm_bind_op *op)
 {
+	bool is_sparse = op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE;
 	struct drm_gpuvm_bo *preallocated_vm_bo;
 	struct sg_table *sgt = NULL;
 	int ret;
@@ -1280,8 +1342,21 @@ static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
 	    (op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK) != DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MAP)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	/* Make sure the VA and size are in-bounds. */
-	if (op->size > bo->base.size || op->bo_offset > bo->base.size - op->size)
+	/* uAPI mandates sparsely bound regions must not be executable. */
+	if (is_sparse && !(op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* For non-sparse, make sure the VA and size are in-bounds.
+	 * For sparse, this is not applicable, because the dummy BO is
+	 * repeatedly mapped over a potentially wider VA range.
+	 */
+	if (!is_sparse && (op->size > bo->base.size || op->bo_offset > bo->base.size - op->size))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* For sparse, we don't expect any user BO, the BO we get passed
+	 * is the dummy BO attached to the VM pool.
+	 */
+	if (is_sparse && (op->bo_handle || op->bo_offset))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/* If the BO has an exclusive VM attached, it can't be mapped to other VMs. */
@@ -1543,6 +1618,9 @@ int panthor_vm_pool_create_vm(struct panthor_device *ptdev,
 		return ret;
 	}
 
+	drm_gem_object_get(&pool->dummy->base);
+	vm->dummy = pool->dummy;
+
 	args->user_va_range = kernel_va_start;
 	return id;
 }
@@ -1634,6 +1712,7 @@ void panthor_vm_pool_destroy(struct panthor_file *pfile)
 	xa_for_each(&pfile->vms->xa, i, vm)
 		panthor_vm_destroy(vm);
 
+	drm_gem_object_put(&pfile->vms->dummy->base);
 	xa_destroy(&pfile->vms->xa);
 	kfree(pfile->vms);
 }
@@ -1651,6 +1730,11 @@ int panthor_vm_pool_create(struct panthor_file *pfile)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	xa_init_flags(&pfile->vms->xa, XA_FLAGS_ALLOC1);
+
+	pfile->vms->dummy = panthor_dummy_bo_create(pfile->ptdev);
+	if (IS_ERR(pfile->vms->dummy))
+		return PTR_ERR(pfile->vms->dummy);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1968,6 +2052,9 @@ static void panthor_vm_free(struct drm_gpuvm *gpuvm)
 
 	free_io_pgtable_ops(vm->pgtbl_ops);
 
+	if (vm->dummy)
+		drm_gem_object_put(&vm->dummy->base);
+
 	drm_mm_takedown(&vm->mm);
 	kfree(vm);
 }
@@ -2127,7 +2214,23 @@ static void panthor_vma_init(struct panthor_vma *vma, u32 flags)
 #define PANTHOR_VM_MAP_FLAGS \
 	(DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_READONLY | \
 	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC | \
-	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED)
+	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED | \
+	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE)
+
+static int
+panthor_vm_exec_map_op(struct panthor_vm *vm, u32 flags,
+		       const struct drm_gpuva_op_map *op)
+{
+	struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->gem.obj);
+	int prot = flags_to_prot(flags);
+
+	if (flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE)
+		return panthor_vm_map_sparse(vm, op->va.addr, prot,
+					     bo->dmap.sgt, op->va.range);
+
+	return panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, op->va.addr, prot, bo->dmap.sgt,
+				    op->gem.offset, op->va.range);
+}
 
 static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_map(struct drm_gpuva_op *op, void *priv)
 {
@@ -2141,9 +2244,7 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_map(struct drm_gpuva_op *op, void *priv)
 
 	panthor_vma_init(vma, op_ctx->flags & PANTHOR_VM_MAP_FLAGS);
 
-	ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, op->map.va.addr, flags_to_prot(vma->flags),
-				   op_ctx->map.bo->dmap.sgt, op->map.gem.offset,
-				   op->map.va.range);
+	ret = panthor_vm_exec_map_op(vm, vma->flags, &op->map);
 	if (ret) {
 		panthor_vm_op_ctx_return_vma(op_ctx, vma);
 		return ret;
@@ -2159,13 +2260,16 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_map(struct drm_gpuva_op *op, void *priv)
 }
 
 static bool
-iova_mapped_as_huge_page(struct drm_gpuva_op_map *op, u64 addr)
+iova_mapped_as_huge_page(struct drm_gpuva_op_map *op, u64 addr, bool is_sparse)
 {
 	struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->gem.obj);
 	const struct page *pg;
 	pgoff_t bo_offset;
 
-	bo_offset = addr - op->va.addr + op->gem.offset;
+	/* Per-VM Dummy BO in sparse mappings is always 2MiB, so checking the
+	 * size of the very first page is enough.
+	 */
+	bo_offset = !is_sparse ? addr - op->va.addr + op->gem.offset : 0;
 	pg = bo->backing.pages[bo_offset >> PAGE_SHIFT];
 
 	return folio_size(page_folio(pg)) >= SZ_2M;
@@ -2175,6 +2279,8 @@ static void
 unmap_hugepage_align(const struct drm_gpuva_op_remap *op,
 		     u64 *unmap_start, u64 *unmap_range)
 {
+	struct panthor_vma *unmap_vma = container_of(op->unmap->va, struct panthor_vma, base);
+	bool is_sparse = unmap_vma->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE;
 	u64 aligned_unmap_start, aligned_unmap_end, unmap_end;
 
 	unmap_end = *unmap_start + *unmap_range;
@@ -2186,7 +2292,7 @@ unmap_hugepage_align(const struct drm_gpuva_op_remap *op,
 	 */
 	if (op->prev && aligned_unmap_start < *unmap_start &&
 	    op->prev->va.addr <= aligned_unmap_start &&
-	    iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->prev, *unmap_start)) {
+	    (iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->prev, *unmap_start, is_sparse))) {
 		*unmap_range += *unmap_start - aligned_unmap_start;
 		*unmap_start = aligned_unmap_start;
 	}
@@ -2196,7 +2302,7 @@ unmap_hugepage_align(const struct drm_gpuva_op_remap *op,
 	 */
 	if (op->next && aligned_unmap_end > unmap_end &&
 	    op->next->va.addr + op->next->va.range >= aligned_unmap_end &&
-	    iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->next, unmap_end - 1)) {
+	    (iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->next, *unmap_start, is_sparse))) {
 		*unmap_range += aligned_unmap_end - unmap_end;
 	}
 }
@@ -2231,15 +2337,27 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_remap(struct drm_gpuva_op *op,
 		panthor_vm_unmap_pages(vm, unmap_start, unmap_range);
 	}
 
+	/* In the following two branches, neither remap::unmap::offset nor remap::unmap::keep
+	 * can be trusted to contain legitimate values in the case of sparse mappings, because
+	 * the drm_gpuvm core calculates them on the assumption that a VM_BIND operation's
+	 * range is always less than the target BO. That doesn't hold in the case of sparse
+	 * bindings, but we don't care to adjust the BO offset of new VA's spawned by a remap
+	 * operation because we ignore them altogether when sparse-mapping pages on a HW level
+	 * just further below. If we ever wanted to make use of remap::unmap::keep, then this
+	 * logic would have to be reworked.
+	 */
 	if (op->remap.prev) {
-		struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->remap.prev->gem.obj);
 		u64 offset = op->remap.prev->gem.offset + unmap_start - op->remap.prev->va.addr;
 		u64 size = op->remap.prev->va.addr + op->remap.prev->va.range - unmap_start;
+		const struct drm_gpuva_op_map map_op = {
+			.va.addr = unmap_start,
+			.va.range = size,
+			.gem.obj = op->remap.prev->gem.obj,
+			.gem.offset = offset,
+		};
 
-		if (!unmap_vma->evicted) {
-			ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, unmap_start,
-						   flags_to_prot(unmap_vma->flags),
-						   bo->dmap.sgt, offset, size);
+		if (!unmap_vma->evicted && size > 0) {
+			ret = panthor_vm_exec_map_op(vm, unmap_vma->flags, &map_op);
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 		}
@@ -2250,14 +2368,17 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_remap(struct drm_gpuva_op *op,
 	}
 
 	if (op->remap.next) {
-		struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->remap.next->gem.obj);
 		u64 addr = op->remap.next->va.addr;
 		u64 size = unmap_start + unmap_range - op->remap.next->va.addr;
+		const struct drm_gpuva_op_map map_op = {
+			.va.addr = addr,
+			.va.range = size,
+			.gem.obj = op->remap.next->gem.obj,
+			.gem.offset = op->remap.next->gem.offset,
+		};
 
-		if (!unmap_vma->evicted) {
-			ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, addr, flags_to_prot(unmap_vma->flags),
-						   bo->dmap.sgt, op->remap.next->gem.offset,
-						   size);
+		if (!unmap_vma->evicted && size > 0) {
+			ret = panthor_vm_exec_map_op(vm, unmap_vma->flags, &map_op);
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 		}
@@ -2817,7 +2938,13 @@ panthor_vm_bind_prepare_op_ctx(struct drm_file *file,
 
 	switch (op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK) {
 	case DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MAP:
-		gem = drm_gem_object_lookup(file, op->bo_handle);
+		if (!(op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE)) {
+			gem = drm_gem_object_lookup(file, op->bo_handle);
+		} else {
+			gem = &vm->dummy->base;
+			drm_gem_object_get(&vm->dummy->base);
+		}
+
 		ret = panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(op_ctx, vm,
 						    gem ? to_panthor_bo(gem) : NULL,
 						    op);
@@ -3025,6 +3152,9 @@ int panthor_vm_map_bo_range(struct panthor_vm *vm, struct panthor_gem_object *bo
 	struct panthor_vm_op_ctx op_ctx;
 	int ret;
 
+	if (drm_WARN_ON(&vm->ptdev->base, flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	ret = panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(&op_ctx, vm, bo, &op);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
diff --git a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
index 42c901ebdb7a..1490a2223766 100644
--- a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
+++ b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
@@ -614,6 +614,18 @@ enum drm_panthor_vm_bind_op_flags {
 	 */
 	DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED = 1 << 2,
 
+	/**
+	 * @DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE: Sparsely map a virtual memory range
+	 *
+	 * Only valid with DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MAP.
+	 *
+	 * When this flag is set, the whole vm_bind range is mapped over a dummy object in a cyclic
+	 * fashion, and all GPU reads from addresses in the range return undefined values. This flag
+	 * being set means drm_panthor_vm_bind_op:offset and drm_panthor_vm_bind_op::handle must
+	 * both be set to 0. DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC must also be set.
+	 */
+	DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE = 1 << 3,
+
 	/**
 	 * @DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK: Mask used to determine the type of operation.
 	 */
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v9 6/6] drm/panthor: Bump the driver version to 1.9

[Adrián Larumbe]

Bump the driver version to reflect the new MMU info query ioctl
parameter and the VM_BIND map sparse flag.

Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
---
 drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
index a8090bc4e33c..4fa38ede6993 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
@@ -1787,6 +1787,8 @@ static void panthor_debugfs_init(struct drm_minor *minor)
  *       - adds DRM_IOCTL_PANTHOR_BO_QUERY_INFO ioctl
  *       - adds drm_panthor_gpu_info::selected_coherency
  * - 1.8 - extends DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO with flags
+ * - 1.9 - adds DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO query
+ *       - adds DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE flag
  */
 static const struct drm_driver panthor_drm_driver = {
 	.driver_features = DRIVER_RENDER | DRIVER_GEM | DRIVER_SYNCOBJ |
@@ -1800,7 +1802,7 @@ static const struct drm_driver panthor_drm_driver = {
 	.name = "panthor",
 	.desc = "Panthor DRM driver",
 	.major = 1,
-	.minor = 8,
+	.minor = 9,
 
 	.gem_prime_import_sg_table = panthor_gem_prime_import_sg_table,
 	.gem_prime_import = panthor_gem_prime_import,
-- 
2.53.0

Re: [PATCH v9 5/6] drm/panthor: Support sparse mappings

[Steven Price]

Hi Adrián,

On 22/04/2026 13:25, Adrián Larumbe wrote:
> Allow UM to bind sparsely populated memory regions by cyclically mapping
> virtual ranges over a kernel-allocated dummy BO. This alternative is
> preferable to the old method of handling sparseness in the UMD, because it
> relied on the creation of a buffer object to the same end, despite the fact
> Vulkan sparse resources don't need to be backed by a driver BO.
> 
> The choice of backing sparsely-bound regions with a Panhtor BO was made so
> as to profit from the existing shrinker reclaim code. That way no special
> treatment must be given to the dummy sparse BOs when reclaiming memory, as
> would be the case if we had chosen a raw kernel page implementation.
> 
> A new dummy BO is allocated per open file context, because even though the
> Vulkan spec mandates that writes into sparsely bound regions must be
> discarded, our implementation is still a workaround over the fact Mali CSF
> GPUs cannot support this behaviour on the hardware level, so writes still
> make it into the backing BO. If we had a global one, then it could be a
> venue for information leaks between file contexts, which should never
> happen in DRM.
> 
> Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
> Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>

Looks good, a few issues below.

I'm worried about remap_evicted_vma() and how that interacts with sparse
mappings. Does that need to be fixed up to handle sparse mappings? Or is
there something to prevent the dummy BO being reclaimed? I might be
missing something here.

> ---
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c |  18 +++
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h |   2 +
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c | 172 ++++++++++++++++++++++----
>  include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h        |  12 ++
>  4 files changed, 183 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
> index 69cef05b6ef7..833153c2b080 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
> @@ -1345,6 +1345,24 @@ panthor_kernel_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev, struct panthor_vm *vm,
>  	return ERR_PTR(ret);
>  }
>  
> +/**
> + * panthor_dummy_bo_create() - Create a Panthor BO meant to back sparse bindings.
> + * @ptdev: Device.
> + *
> + * Return: A valid pointer in case of success, an ERR_PTR() otherwise.
> + */
> +struct panthor_gem_object *
> +panthor_dummy_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
> +{
> +	/* Since even when the DRM device's mount point has enabled THP we have no guarantee
> +	 * that drm_gem_get_pages() will return a single 2MiB PMD, and also we cannot be sure
> +	 * that the 2MiB won't be reclaimed and re-allocated later on as 4KiB chunks, it doesn't
> +	 * make sense to pre-populate this object's page array, nor to fall back on a BO size
> +	 * of 4KiB. Sticking to a dummy object size of 2MiB lets us keep things simple for now.
> +	 */
> +	return panthor_gem_create(&ptdev->base, SZ_2M, DRM_PANTHOR_BO_NO_MMAP, NULL, 0);

So here we're not guaranteeing the dummy BO is a huge page (which is
fine), but...

> +}
> +
>  static bool can_swap(void)
>  {
>  	return get_nr_swap_pages() > 0;
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
> index ae0491d0b121..8639c2fa08e6 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
> @@ -315,6 +315,8 @@ panthor_kernel_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev, struct panthor_vm *vm,
>  
>  void panthor_kernel_bo_destroy(struct panthor_kernel_bo *bo);
>  
> +struct panthor_gem_object *panthor_dummy_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev);
> +
>  #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
>  void panthor_gem_debugfs_init(struct drm_minor *minor);
>  #endif
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> index 54f7f7a8d44f..7b91836e608d 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> @@ -112,6 +112,17 @@ struct panthor_mmu {
>  struct panthor_vm_pool {
>  	/** @xa: Array used for VM handle tracking. */
>  	struct xarray xa;
> +
> +	/**
> +	 * @dummy: Dummy object used for sparse mappings
> +	 *
> +	 * Sparse bindings map virtual address ranges onto a dummy
> +	 * BO in a modulo fashion. Even though sparse writes are meant
> +	 * to be discarded and reads undefined, writes are still reflected
> +	 * in the dummy buffer. That means we must keep a dummy object per
> +	 * file context, to avoid data leaks between them.
> +	 */
> +	struct panthor_gem_object *dummy;
>  };
>  
>  /**
> @@ -391,6 +402,16 @@ struct panthor_vm {
>  		 */
>  		struct list_head lru_node;
>  	} reclaim;
> +
> +	/**
> +	 * @dummy: Dummy object used for sparse mappings.
> +	 *
> +	 * VM's must keep a reference to the file context-wide dummy BO because
> +	 * they can outlive the file context, which includes the VM pool holding
> +	 * the original dummy BO reference.
> +	 *
> +	 */
> +	struct panthor_gem_object *dummy;
>  };
>  
>  /**
> @@ -1020,6 +1041,45 @@ panthor_vm_map_pages(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> +static int
> +panthor_vm_map_sparse(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
> +		      struct sg_table *sgt, u64 size)
> +{
> +	u64 start_iova = iova;
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	if (iova & (SZ_2M - 1)) {
> +		u64 unaligned_size = min(ALIGN(iova, SZ_2M) - iova, size);
> +
> +		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot, sgt,
> +					   0, unaligned_size);
> +		if (ret)
> +			return ret;
> +
> +		size -= unaligned_size;
> +		iova += unaligned_size;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* TODO: we should probably optimize this at the io_pgtable level. */
> +	while (size > 0) {
> +		u64 next_size = min(size, sg_dma_len(sgt->sgl));

Here we're only using the first entry of the scatter list. So I think in
the fragmented case we don't end up using the full 2MB.

> +
> +		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot,
> +					   sgt, 0, next_size);
> +		if (ret)
> +			goto err_unmap;
> +
> +		size -= next_size;
> +		iova += next_size;
> +	}
> +
> +	return 0;
> +
> +err_unmap:
> +	panthor_vm_unmap_pages(vm, start_iova, iova - start_iova);
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +
>  static int flags_to_prot(u32 flags)
>  {
>  	int prot = 0;
> @@ -1262,6 +1322,7 @@ static int panthor_vm_op_ctx_prealloc_pts(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx)
>  	(DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_READONLY | \
>  	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC | \
>  	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED | \
> +	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE | \
>  	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK)
>  
>  static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
> @@ -1269,6 +1330,7 @@ static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
>  					 struct panthor_gem_object *bo,
>  					 const struct drm_panthor_vm_bind_op *op)
>  {
> +	bool is_sparse = op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE;
>  	struct drm_gpuvm_bo *preallocated_vm_bo;
>  	struct sg_table *sgt = NULL;
>  	int ret;
> @@ -1280,8 +1342,21 @@ static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
>  	    (op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK) != DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MAP)
>  		return -EINVAL;
>  
> -	/* Make sure the VA and size are in-bounds. */
> -	if (op->size > bo->base.size || op->bo_offset > bo->base.size - op->size)
> +	/* uAPI mandates sparsely bound regions must not be executable. */
> +	if (is_sparse && !(op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC))
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	/* For non-sparse, make sure the VA and size are in-bounds.
> +	 * For sparse, this is not applicable, because the dummy BO is
> +	 * repeatedly mapped over a potentially wider VA range.
> +	 */
> +	if (!is_sparse && (op->size > bo->base.size || op->bo_offset > bo->base.size - op->size))
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	/* For sparse, we don't expect any user BO, the BO we get passed
> +	 * is the dummy BO attached to the VM pool.
> +	 */
> +	if (is_sparse && (op->bo_handle || op->bo_offset))
>  		return -EINVAL;
>  
>  	/* If the BO has an exclusive VM attached, it can't be mapped to other VMs. */
> @@ -1543,6 +1618,9 @@ int panthor_vm_pool_create_vm(struct panthor_device *ptdev,
>  		return ret;
>  	}
>  
> +	drm_gem_object_get(&pool->dummy->base);
> +	vm->dummy = pool->dummy;
> +
>  	args->user_va_range = kernel_va_start;
>  	return id;
>  }
> @@ -1634,6 +1712,7 @@ void panthor_vm_pool_destroy(struct panthor_file *pfile)
>  	xa_for_each(&pfile->vms->xa, i, vm)
>  		panthor_vm_destroy(vm);
>  
> +	drm_gem_object_put(&pfile->vms->dummy->base);
>  	xa_destroy(&pfile->vms->xa);
>  	kfree(pfile->vms);
>  }
> @@ -1651,6 +1730,11 @@ int panthor_vm_pool_create(struct panthor_file *pfile)
[missing context]
	pfile->vms = kzalloc_obj(*pfile->vms);
	if (!pfile->vms)
[/missing_context]
>  		return -ENOMEM;
>  
>  	xa_init_flags(&pfile->vms->xa, XA_FLAGS_ALLOC1);
> +
> +	pfile->vms->dummy = panthor_dummy_bo_create(pfile->ptdev);
> +	if (IS_ERR(pfile->vms->dummy))
> +		return PTR_ERR(pfile->vms->dummy);

Here pfile->vms is not cleaned up.

> +
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> @@ -1968,6 +2052,9 @@ static void panthor_vm_free(struct drm_gpuvm *gpuvm)
>  
>  	free_io_pgtable_ops(vm->pgtbl_ops);
>  
> +	if (vm->dummy)
> +		drm_gem_object_put(&vm->dummy->base);
> +
>  	drm_mm_takedown(&vm->mm);
>  	kfree(vm);
>  }
> @@ -2127,7 +2214,23 @@ static void panthor_vma_init(struct panthor_vma *vma, u32 flags)
>  #define PANTHOR_VM_MAP_FLAGS \
>  	(DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_READONLY | \
>  	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC | \
> -	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED)
> +	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED | \
> +	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE)
> +
> +static int
> +panthor_vm_exec_map_op(struct panthor_vm *vm, u32 flags,
> +		       const struct drm_gpuva_op_map *op)
> +{
> +	struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->gem.obj);
> +	int prot = flags_to_prot(flags);
> +
> +	if (flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE)
> +		return panthor_vm_map_sparse(vm, op->va.addr, prot,
> +					     bo->dmap.sgt, op->va.range);
> +
> +	return panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, op->va.addr, prot, bo->dmap.sgt,
> +				    op->gem.offset, op->va.range);
> +}
>  
>  static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_map(struct drm_gpuva_op *op, void *priv)
>  {
> @@ -2141,9 +2244,7 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_map(struct drm_gpuva_op *op, void *priv)
>  
>  	panthor_vma_init(vma, op_ctx->flags & PANTHOR_VM_MAP_FLAGS);
>  
> -	ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, op->map.va.addr, flags_to_prot(vma->flags),
> -				   op_ctx->map.bo->dmap.sgt, op->map.gem.offset,
> -				   op->map.va.range);
> +	ret = panthor_vm_exec_map_op(vm, vma->flags, &op->map);
>  	if (ret) {
>  		panthor_vm_op_ctx_return_vma(op_ctx, vma);
>  		return ret;
> @@ -2159,13 +2260,16 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_map(struct drm_gpuva_op *op, void *priv)
>  }
>  
>  static bool
> -iova_mapped_as_huge_page(struct drm_gpuva_op_map *op, u64 addr)
> +iova_mapped_as_huge_page(struct drm_gpuva_op_map *op, u64 addr, bool is_sparse)
>  {
>  	struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->gem.obj);
>  	const struct page *pg;
>  	pgoff_t bo_offset;
>  
> -	bo_offset = addr - op->va.addr + op->gem.offset;
> +	/* Per-VM Dummy BO in sparse mappings is always 2MiB, so checking the
> +	 * size of the very first page is enough.
> +	 */
> +	bo_offset = !is_sparse ? addr - op->va.addr + op->gem.offset : 0;
>  	pg = bo->backing.pages[bo_offset >> PAGE_SHIFT];
>  
>  	return folio_size(page_folio(pg)) >= SZ_2M;
> @@ -2175,6 +2279,8 @@ static void
>  unmap_hugepage_align(const struct drm_gpuva_op_remap *op,
>  		     u64 *unmap_start, u64 *unmap_range)
>  {
> +	struct panthor_vma *unmap_vma = container_of(op->unmap->va, struct panthor_vma, base);
> +	bool is_sparse = unmap_vma->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE;
>  	u64 aligned_unmap_start, aligned_unmap_end, unmap_end;
>  
>  	unmap_end = *unmap_start + *unmap_range;
> @@ -2186,7 +2292,7 @@ unmap_hugepage_align(const struct drm_gpuva_op_remap *op,
>  	 */
>  	if (op->prev && aligned_unmap_start < *unmap_start &&
>  	    op->prev->va.addr <= aligned_unmap_start &&
> -	    iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->prev, *unmap_start)) {
> +	    (iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->prev, *unmap_start, is_sparse))) {
>  		*unmap_range += *unmap_start - aligned_unmap_start;
>  		*unmap_start = aligned_unmap_start;
>  	}
> @@ -2196,7 +2302,7 @@ unmap_hugepage_align(const struct drm_gpuva_op_remap *op,
>  	 */
>  	if (op->next && aligned_unmap_end > unmap_end &&
>  	    op->next->va.addr + op->next->va.range >= aligned_unmap_end &&
> -	    iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->next, unmap_end - 1)) {
> +	    (iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->next, *unmap_start, is_sparse))) {
                                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^
Shouldn't that still be (unmap_end - 1)?

Thanks,
Steve

>  		*unmap_range += aligned_unmap_end - unmap_end;
>  	}
>  }
> @@ -2231,15 +2337,27 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_remap(struct drm_gpuva_op *op,
>  		panthor_vm_unmap_pages(vm, unmap_start, unmap_range);
>  	}
>  
> +	/* In the following two branches, neither remap::unmap::offset nor remap::unmap::keep
> +	 * can be trusted to contain legitimate values in the case of sparse mappings, because
> +	 * the drm_gpuvm core calculates them on the assumption that a VM_BIND operation's
> +	 * range is always less than the target BO. That doesn't hold in the case of sparse
> +	 * bindings, but we don't care to adjust the BO offset of new VA's spawned by a remap
> +	 * operation because we ignore them altogether when sparse-mapping pages on a HW level
> +	 * just further below. If we ever wanted to make use of remap::unmap::keep, then this
> +	 * logic would have to be reworked.
> +	 */
>  	if (op->remap.prev) {
> -		struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->remap.prev->gem.obj);
>  		u64 offset = op->remap.prev->gem.offset + unmap_start - op->remap.prev->va.addr;
>  		u64 size = op->remap.prev->va.addr + op->remap.prev->va.range - unmap_start;
> +		const struct drm_gpuva_op_map map_op = {
> +			.va.addr = unmap_start,
> +			.va.range = size,
> +			.gem.obj = op->remap.prev->gem.obj,
> +			.gem.offset = offset,
> +		};
>  
> -		if (!unmap_vma->evicted) {
> -			ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, unmap_start,
> -						   flags_to_prot(unmap_vma->flags),
> -						   bo->dmap.sgt, offset, size);
> +		if (!unmap_vma->evicted && size > 0) {
> +			ret = panthor_vm_exec_map_op(vm, unmap_vma->flags, &map_op);
>  			if (ret)
>  				return ret;
>  		}
> @@ -2250,14 +2368,17 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_remap(struct drm_gpuva_op *op,
>  	}
>  
>  	if (op->remap.next) {
> -		struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->remap.next->gem.obj);
>  		u64 addr = op->remap.next->va.addr;
>  		u64 size = unmap_start + unmap_range - op->remap.next->va.addr;
> +		const struct drm_gpuva_op_map map_op = {
> +			.va.addr = addr,
> +			.va.range = size,
> +			.gem.obj = op->remap.next->gem.obj,
> +			.gem.offset = op->remap.next->gem.offset,
> +		};
>  
> -		if (!unmap_vma->evicted) {
> -			ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, addr, flags_to_prot(unmap_vma->flags),
> -						   bo->dmap.sgt, op->remap.next->gem.offset,
> -						   size);
> +		if (!unmap_vma->evicted && size > 0) {
> +			ret = panthor_vm_exec_map_op(vm, unmap_vma->flags, &map_op);
>  			if (ret)
>  				return ret;
>  		}
> @@ -2817,7 +2938,13 @@ panthor_vm_bind_prepare_op_ctx(struct drm_file *file,
>  
>  	switch (op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK) {
>  	case DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MAP:
> -		gem = drm_gem_object_lookup(file, op->bo_handle);
> +		if (!(op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE)) {
> +			gem = drm_gem_object_lookup(file, op->bo_handle);
> +		} else {
> +			gem = &vm->dummy->base;
> +			drm_gem_object_get(&vm->dummy->base);
> +		}
> +
>  		ret = panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(op_ctx, vm,
>  						    gem ? to_panthor_bo(gem) : NULL,
>  						    op);
> @@ -3025,6 +3152,9 @@ int panthor_vm_map_bo_range(struct panthor_vm *vm, struct panthor_gem_object *bo
>  	struct panthor_vm_op_ctx op_ctx;
>  	int ret;
>  
> +	if (drm_WARN_ON(&vm->ptdev->base, flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE))
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
>  	ret = panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(&op_ctx, vm, bo, &op);
>  	if (ret)
>  		return ret;
> diff --git a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> index 42c901ebdb7a..1490a2223766 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> @@ -614,6 +614,18 @@ enum drm_panthor_vm_bind_op_flags {
>  	 */
>  	DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED = 1 << 2,
>  
> +	/**
> +	 * @DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE: Sparsely map a virtual memory range
> +	 *
> +	 * Only valid with DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MAP.
> +	 *
> +	 * When this flag is set, the whole vm_bind range is mapped over a dummy object in a cyclic
> +	 * fashion, and all GPU reads from addresses in the range return undefined values. This flag
> +	 * being set means drm_panthor_vm_bind_op:offset and drm_panthor_vm_bind_op::handle must
> +	 * both be set to 0. DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC must also be set.
> +	 */
> +	DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE = 1 << 3,
> +
>  	/**
>  	 * @DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK: Mask used to determine the type of operation.
>  	 */

Re: [PATCH v9 6/6] drm/panthor: Bump the driver version to 1.9

[Steven Price]

On 22/04/2026 13:25, Adrián Larumbe wrote:
> Bump the driver version to reflect the new MMU info query ioctl
> parameter and the VM_BIND map sparse flag.
> 
> Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
> Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>

Reviewed-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>

> ---
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c | 4 +++-
>  1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
> index a8090bc4e33c..4fa38ede6993 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
> @@ -1787,6 +1787,8 @@ static void panthor_debugfs_init(struct drm_minor *minor)
>   *       - adds DRM_IOCTL_PANTHOR_BO_QUERY_INFO ioctl
>   *       - adds drm_panthor_gpu_info::selected_coherency
>   * - 1.8 - extends DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO with flags
> + * - 1.9 - adds DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO query
> + *       - adds DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE flag
>   */
>  static const struct drm_driver panthor_drm_driver = {
>  	.driver_features = DRIVER_RENDER | DRIVER_GEM | DRIVER_SYNCOBJ |
> @@ -1800,7 +1802,7 @@ static const struct drm_driver panthor_drm_driver = {
>  	.name = "panthor",
>  	.desc = "Panthor DRM driver",
>  	.major = 1,
> -	.minor = 8,
> +	.minor = 9,
>  
>  	.gem_prime_import_sg_table = panthor_gem_prime_import_sg_table,
>  	.gem_prime_import = panthor_gem_prime_import,

Re: [PATCH v9 5/6] drm/panthor: Support sparse mappings

[Boris Brezillon]

On Fri, 24 Apr 2026 11:09:27 +0100
Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com> wrote:

> Hi Adrián,
> 
> On 22/04/2026 13:25, Adrián Larumbe wrote:
> > Allow UM to bind sparsely populated memory regions by cyclically mapping
> > virtual ranges over a kernel-allocated dummy BO. This alternative is
> > preferable to the old method of handling sparseness in the UMD, because it
> > relied on the creation of a buffer object to the same end, despite the fact
> > Vulkan sparse resources don't need to be backed by a driver BO.
> > 
> > The choice of backing sparsely-bound regions with a Panhtor BO was made so
> > as to profit from the existing shrinker reclaim code. That way no special
> > treatment must be given to the dummy sparse BOs when reclaiming memory, as
> > would be the case if we had chosen a raw kernel page implementation.
> > 
> > A new dummy BO is allocated per open file context, because even though the
> > Vulkan spec mandates that writes into sparsely bound regions must be
> > discarded, our implementation is still a workaround over the fact Mali CSF
> > GPUs cannot support this behaviour on the hardware level, so writes still
> > make it into the backing BO. If we had a global one, then it could be a
> > venue for information leaks between file contexts, which should never
> > happen in DRM.
> > 
> > Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>  
> 
> Looks good, a few issues below.
> 
> I'm worried about remap_evicted_vma() and how that interacts with sparse
> mappings. Does that need to be fixed up to handle sparse mappings? Or is
> there something to prevent the dummy BO being reclaimed? I might be
> missing something here.

Given the sparse mappings still have a vm_bo+gem object attached to them,
I think reclaim is fine, but I'll double check.

> > +static int
> > +panthor_vm_map_sparse(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
> > +		      struct sg_table *sgt, u64 size)
> > +{
> > +	u64 start_iova = iova;
> > +	int ret;
> > +
> > +	if (iova & (SZ_2M - 1)) {
> > +		u64 unaligned_size = min(ALIGN(iova, SZ_2M) - iova, size);
> > +
> > +		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot, sgt,
> > +					   0, unaligned_size);
> > +		if (ret)
> > +			return ret;
> > +
> > +		size -= unaligned_size;
> > +		iova += unaligned_size;
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	/* TODO: we should probably optimize this at the io_pgtable level. */
> > +	while (size > 0) {
> > +		u64 next_size = min(size, sg_dma_len(sgt->sgl));  
> 
> Here we're only using the first entry of the scatter list. So I think in
> the fragmented case we don't end up using the full 2MB.

It should just be

		u32 chunk_size = min(size, SZ_2M);

really. The fact the BO is backed by physically contiguous memory
doesn't matter because panthor_vm_map_pages() can cope with that
already.

> 
> > +
> > +		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot,
> > +					   sgt, 0, next_size);
> > +		if (ret)
> > +			goto err_unmap;
> > +
> > +		size -= next_size;
> > +		iova += next_size;
> > +	}

To sum up, the whole thing can be simplified to something like:

static int
panthor_vm_map_sparse(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
		      struct sg_table *sgt, u64 size)
	u64 offset = 0;

	while (offset < size) {
		u32 chunk_size = min(size - offset, SZ_2M - (iova & (SZ_2M - 1)));

		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova + offset, prot,
					   sgt, 0, chunk_size);
		if (ret) {
			panthor_vm_unmap_pages(vm, iova, offset);
			return ret;
		}

		offset += chunk_size;
	}

	return 0;
}

Re: [PATCH v9 5/6] drm/panthor: Support sparse mappings

[Adrián Larumbe]

Hi Steven,

On 24.04.2026 11:09, Steven Price wrote:
> Hi Adrián,
>
> On 22/04/2026 13:25, Adrián Larumbe wrote:
> > Allow UM to bind sparsely populated memory regions by cyclically mapping
> > virtual ranges over a kernel-allocated dummy BO. This alternative is
> > preferable to the old method of handling sparseness in the UMD, because it
> > relied on the creation of a buffer object to the same end, despite the fact
> > Vulkan sparse resources don't need to be backed by a driver BO.
> >
> > The choice of backing sparsely-bound regions with a Panhtor BO was made so
> > as to profit from the existing shrinker reclaim code. That way no special
> > treatment must be given to the dummy sparse BOs when reclaiming memory, as
> > would be the case if we had chosen a raw kernel page implementation.
> >
> > A new dummy BO is allocated per open file context, because even though the
> > Vulkan spec mandates that writes into sparsely bound regions must be
> > discarded, our implementation is still a workaround over the fact Mali CSF
> > GPUs cannot support this behaviour on the hardware level, so writes still
> > make it into the backing BO. If we had a global one, then it could be a
> > venue for information leaks between file contexts, which should never
> > happen in DRM.
> >
> > Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
>
> Looks good, a few issues below.
>
> I'm worried about remap_evicted_vma() and how that interacts with sparse
> mappings. Does that need to be fixed up to handle sparse mappings? Or is
> there something to prevent the dummy BO being reclaimed? I might be
> missing something here.
>
> > ---
> >  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c |  18 +++
> >  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h |   2 +
> >  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c | 172 ++++++++++++++++++++++----
> >  include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h        |  12 ++
> >  4 files changed, 183 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
> > index 69cef05b6ef7..833153c2b080 100644
> > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
> > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
> > @@ -1345,6 +1345,24 @@ panthor_kernel_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev, struct panthor_vm *vm,
> >  	return ERR_PTR(ret);
> >  }
> >
> > +/**
> > + * panthor_dummy_bo_create() - Create a Panthor BO meant to back sparse bindings.
> > + * @ptdev: Device.
> > + *
> > + * Return: A valid pointer in case of success, an ERR_PTR() otherwise.
> > + */
> > +struct panthor_gem_object *
> > +panthor_dummy_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
> > +{
> > +	/* Since even when the DRM device's mount point has enabled THP we have no guarantee
> > +	 * that drm_gem_get_pages() will return a single 2MiB PMD, and also we cannot be sure
> > +	 * that the 2MiB won't be reclaimed and re-allocated later on as 4KiB chunks, it doesn't
> > +	 * make sense to pre-populate this object's page array, nor to fall back on a BO size
> > +	 * of 4KiB. Sticking to a dummy object size of 2MiB lets us keep things simple for now.
> > +	 */
> > +	return panthor_gem_create(&ptdev->base, SZ_2M, DRM_PANTHOR_BO_NO_MMAP, NULL, 0);
>
> So here we're not guaranteeing the dummy BO is a huge page (which is
> fine), but...
>
> > +}
> > +
> >  static bool can_swap(void)
> >  {
> >  	return get_nr_swap_pages() > 0;
> > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
> > index ae0491d0b121..8639c2fa08e6 100644
> > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
> > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h
> > @@ -315,6 +315,8 @@ panthor_kernel_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev, struct panthor_vm *vm,
> >
> >  void panthor_kernel_bo_destroy(struct panthor_kernel_bo *bo);
> >
> > +struct panthor_gem_object *panthor_dummy_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev);
> > +
> >  #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
> >  void panthor_gem_debugfs_init(struct drm_minor *minor);
> >  #endif
> > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> > index 54f7f7a8d44f..7b91836e608d 100644
> > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> > @@ -112,6 +112,17 @@ struct panthor_mmu {
> >  struct panthor_vm_pool {
> >  	/** @xa: Array used for VM handle tracking. */
> >  	struct xarray xa;
> > +
> > +	/**
> > +	 * @dummy: Dummy object used for sparse mappings
> > +	 *
> > +	 * Sparse bindings map virtual address ranges onto a dummy
> > +	 * BO in a modulo fashion. Even though sparse writes are meant
> > +	 * to be discarded and reads undefined, writes are still reflected
> > +	 * in the dummy buffer. That means we must keep a dummy object per
> > +	 * file context, to avoid data leaks between them.
> > +	 */
> > +	struct panthor_gem_object *dummy;
> >  };
> >
> >  /**
> > @@ -391,6 +402,16 @@ struct panthor_vm {
> >  		 */
> >  		struct list_head lru_node;
> >  	} reclaim;
> > +
> > +	/**
> > +	 * @dummy: Dummy object used for sparse mappings.
> > +	 *
> > +	 * VM's must keep a reference to the file context-wide dummy BO because
> > +	 * they can outlive the file context, which includes the VM pool holding
> > +	 * the original dummy BO reference.
> > +	 *
> > +	 */
> > +	struct panthor_gem_object *dummy;
> >  };
> >
> >  /**
> > @@ -1020,6 +1041,45 @@ panthor_vm_map_pages(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
> >  	return 0;
> >  }
> >
> > +static int
> > +panthor_vm_map_sparse(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
> > +		      struct sg_table *sgt, u64 size)
> > +{
> > +	u64 start_iova = iova;
> > +	int ret;
> > +
> > +	if (iova & (SZ_2M - 1)) {
> > +		u64 unaligned_size = min(ALIGN(iova, SZ_2M) - iova, size);
> > +
> > +		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot, sgt,
> > +					   0, unaligned_size);
> > +		if (ret)
> > +			return ret;
> > +
> > +		size -= unaligned_size;
> > +		iova += unaligned_size;
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	/* TODO: we should probably optimize this at the io_pgtable level. */
> > +	while (size > 0) {
> > +		u64 next_size = min(size, sg_dma_len(sgt->sgl));
>
> Here we're only using the first entry of the scatter list. So I think in
> the fragmented case we don't end up using the full 2MB.

Oh yeah, this is a holdover from the time I believed THP would always gather folios
whose pages were guaranteed to be contiguous in system memory. I'm going to go for
Boris' suggested fix.

> > +
> > +		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot,
> > +					   sgt, 0, next_size);
> > +		if (ret)
> > +			goto err_unmap;
> > +
> > +		size -= next_size;
> > +		iova += next_size;
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	return 0;
> > +
> > +err_unmap:
> > +	panthor_vm_unmap_pages(vm, start_iova, iova - start_iova);
> > +	return ret;
> > +}
> > +
> >  static int flags_to_prot(u32 flags)
> >  {
> >  	int prot = 0;
> > @@ -1262,6 +1322,7 @@ static int panthor_vm_op_ctx_prealloc_pts(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx)
> >  	(DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_READONLY | \
> >  	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC | \
> >  	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED | \
> > +	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE | \
> >  	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK)
> >
> >  static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
> > @@ -1269,6 +1330,7 @@ static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
> >  					 struct panthor_gem_object *bo,
> >  					 const struct drm_panthor_vm_bind_op *op)
> >  {
> > +	bool is_sparse = op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE;
> >  	struct drm_gpuvm_bo *preallocated_vm_bo;
> >  	struct sg_table *sgt = NULL;
> >  	int ret;
> > @@ -1280,8 +1342,21 @@ static int panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(struct panthor_vm_op_ctx *op_ctx,
> >  	    (op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK) != DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MAP)
> >  		return -EINVAL;
> >
> > -	/* Make sure the VA and size are in-bounds. */
> > -	if (op->size > bo->base.size || op->bo_offset > bo->base.size - op->size)
> > +	/* uAPI mandates sparsely bound regions must not be executable. */
> > +	if (is_sparse && !(op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC))
> > +		return -EINVAL;
> > +
> > +	/* For non-sparse, make sure the VA and size are in-bounds.
> > +	 * For sparse, this is not applicable, because the dummy BO is
> > +	 * repeatedly mapped over a potentially wider VA range.
> > +	 */
> > +	if (!is_sparse && (op->size > bo->base.size || op->bo_offset > bo->base.size - op->size))
> > +		return -EINVAL;
> > +
> > +	/* For sparse, we don't expect any user BO, the BO we get passed
> > +	 * is the dummy BO attached to the VM pool.
> > +	 */
> > +	if (is_sparse && (op->bo_handle || op->bo_offset))
> >  		return -EINVAL;
> >
> >  	/* If the BO has an exclusive VM attached, it can't be mapped to other VMs. */
> > @@ -1543,6 +1618,9 @@ int panthor_vm_pool_create_vm(struct panthor_device *ptdev,
> >  		return ret;
> >  	}
> >
> > +	drm_gem_object_get(&pool->dummy->base);
> > +	vm->dummy = pool->dummy;
> > +
> >  	args->user_va_range = kernel_va_start;
> >  	return id;
> >  }
> > @@ -1634,6 +1712,7 @@ void panthor_vm_pool_destroy(struct panthor_file *pfile)
> >  	xa_for_each(&pfile->vms->xa, i, vm)
> >  		panthor_vm_destroy(vm);
> >
> > +	drm_gem_object_put(&pfile->vms->dummy->base);
> >  	xa_destroy(&pfile->vms->xa);
> >  	kfree(pfile->vms);
> >  }
> > @@ -1651,6 +1730,11 @@ int panthor_vm_pool_create(struct panthor_file *pfile)
> [missing context]
> 	pfile->vms = kzalloc_obj(*pfile->vms);
> 	if (!pfile->vms)
> [/missing_context]
> >  		return -ENOMEM;
> >
> >  	xa_init_flags(&pfile->vms->xa, XA_FLAGS_ALLOC1);
> > +
> > +	pfile->vms->dummy = panthor_dummy_bo_create(pfile->ptdev);
> > +	if (IS_ERR(pfile->vms->dummy))
> > +		return PTR_ERR(pfile->vms->dummy);
>
> Here pfile-> is not cleaned up.

Will fix.

> > +
> >  	return 0;
> >  }
> >
> > @@ -1968,6 +2052,9 @@ static void panthor_vm_free(struct drm_gpuvm *gpuvm)
> >
> >  	free_io_pgtable_ops(vm->pgtbl_ops);
> >
> > +	if (vm->dummy)
> > +		drm_gem_object_put(&vm->dummy->base);
> > +
> >  	drm_mm_takedown(&vm->mm);
> >  	kfree(vm);
> >  }
> > @@ -2127,7 +2214,23 @@ static void panthor_vma_init(struct panthor_vma *vma, u32 flags)
> >  #define PANTHOR_VM_MAP_FLAGS \
> >  	(DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_READONLY | \
> >  	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC | \
> > -	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED)
> > +	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED | \
> > +	 DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE)
> > +
> > +static int
> > +panthor_vm_exec_map_op(struct panthor_vm *vm, u32 flags,
> > +		       const struct drm_gpuva_op_map *op)
> > +{
> > +	struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->gem.obj);
> > +	int prot = flags_to_prot(flags);
> > +
> > +	if (flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE)
> > +		return panthor_vm_map_sparse(vm, op->va.addr, prot,
> > +					     bo->dmap.sgt, op->va.range);
> > +
> > +	return panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, op->va.addr, prot, bo->dmap.sgt,
> > +				    op->gem.offset, op->va.range);
> > +}
> >
> >  static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_map(struct drm_gpuva_op *op, void *priv)
> >  {
> > @@ -2141,9 +2244,7 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_map(struct drm_gpuva_op *op, void *priv)
> >
> >  	panthor_vma_init(vma, op_ctx->flags & PANTHOR_VM_MAP_FLAGS);
> >
> > -	ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, op->map.va.addr, flags_to_prot(vma->flags),
> > -				   op_ctx->map.bo->dmap.sgt, op->map.gem.offset,
> > -				   op->map.va.range);
> > +	ret = panthor_vm_exec_map_op(vm, vma->flags, &op->map);
> >  	if (ret) {
> >  		panthor_vm_op_ctx_return_vma(op_ctx, vma);
> >  		return ret;
> > @@ -2159,13 +2260,16 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_map(struct drm_gpuva_op *op, void *priv)
> >  }
> >
> >  static bool
> > -iova_mapped_as_huge_page(struct drm_gpuva_op_map *op, u64 addr)
> > +iova_mapped_as_huge_page(struct drm_gpuva_op_map *op, u64 addr, bool is_sparse)
> >  {
> >  	struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->gem.obj);
> >  	const struct page *pg;
> >  	pgoff_t bo_offset;
> >
> > -	bo_offset = addr - op->va.addr + op->gem.offset;
> > +	/* Per-VM Dummy BO in sparse mappings is always 2MiB, so checking the
> > +	 * size of the very first page is enough.
> > +	 */
> > +	bo_offset = !is_sparse ? addr - op->va.addr + op->gem.offset : 0;
> >  	pg = bo->backing.pages[bo_offset >> PAGE_SHIFT];
> >
> >  	return folio_size(page_folio(pg)) >= SZ_2M;
> > @@ -2175,6 +2279,8 @@ static void
> >  unmap_hugepage_align(const struct drm_gpuva_op_remap *op,
> >  		     u64 *unmap_start, u64 *unmap_range)
> >  {
> > +	struct panthor_vma *unmap_vma = container_of(op->unmap->va, struct panthor_vma, base);
> > +	bool is_sparse = unmap_vma->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE;
> >  	u64 aligned_unmap_start, aligned_unmap_end, unmap_end;
> >
> >  	unmap_end = *unmap_start + *unmap_range;
> > @@ -2186,7 +2292,7 @@ unmap_hugepage_align(const struct drm_gpuva_op_remap *op,
> >  	 */
> >  	if (op->prev && aligned_unmap_start < *unmap_start &&
> >  	    op->prev->va.addr <= aligned_unmap_start &&
> > -	    iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->prev, *unmap_start)) {
> > +	    (iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->prev, *unmap_start, is_sparse))) {
> >  		*unmap_range += *unmap_start - aligned_unmap_start;
> >  		*unmap_start = aligned_unmap_start;
> >  	}
> > @@ -2196,7 +2302,7 @@ unmap_hugepage_align(const struct drm_gpuva_op_remap *op,
> >  	 */
> >  	if (op->next && aligned_unmap_end > unmap_end &&
> >  	    op->next->va.addr + op->next->va.range >= aligned_unmap_end &&
> > -	    iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->next, unmap_end - 1)) {
> > +	    (iova_mapped_as_huge_page(op->next, *unmap_start, is_sparse))) {
>                                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
> Shouldn't that still be (unmap_end - 1)?

Ouch, thanks for catching this.

> Thanks,
> Steve
>
> >  		*unmap_range += aligned_unmap_end - unmap_end;
> >  	}
> >  }
> > @@ -2231,15 +2337,27 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_remap(struct drm_gpuva_op *op,
> >  		panthor_vm_unmap_pages(vm, unmap_start, unmap_range);
> >  	}
> >
> > +	/* In the following two branches, neither remap::unmap::offset nor remap::unmap::keep
> > +	 * can be trusted to contain legitimate values in the case of sparse mappings, because
> > +	 * the drm_gpuvm core calculates them on the assumption that a VM_BIND operation's
> > +	 * range is always less than the target BO. That doesn't hold in the case of sparse
> > +	 * bindings, but we don't care to adjust the BO offset of new VA's spawned by a remap
> > +	 * operation because we ignore them altogether when sparse-mapping pages on a HW level
> > +	 * just further below. If we ever wanted to make use of remap::unmap::keep, then this
> > +	 * logic would have to be reworked.
> > +	 */
> >  	if (op->remap.prev) {
> > -		struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->remap.prev->gem.obj);
> >  		u64 offset = op->remap.prev->gem.offset + unmap_start - op->remap.prev->va.addr;
> >  		u64 size = op->remap.prev->va.addr + op->remap.prev->va.range - unmap_start;
> > +		const struct drm_gpuva_op_map map_op = {
> > +			.va.addr = unmap_start,
> > +			.va.range = size,
> > +			.gem.obj = op->remap.prev->gem.obj,
> > +			.gem.offset = offset,
> > +		};
> >
> > -		if (!unmap_vma->evicted) {
> > -			ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, unmap_start,
> > -						   flags_to_prot(unmap_vma->flags),
> > -						   bo->dmap.sgt, offset, size);
> > +		if (!unmap_vma->evicted && size > 0) {
> > +			ret = panthor_vm_exec_map_op(vm, unmap_vma->flags, &map_op);
> >  			if (ret)
> >  				return ret;
> >  		}
> > @@ -2250,14 +2368,17 @@ static int panthor_gpuva_sm_step_remap(struct drm_gpuva_op *op,
> >  	}
> >
> >  	if (op->remap.next) {
> > -		struct panthor_gem_object *bo = to_panthor_bo(op->remap.next->gem.obj);
> >  		u64 addr = op->remap.next->va.addr;
> >  		u64 size = unmap_start + unmap_range - op->remap.next->va.addr;
> > +		const struct drm_gpuva_op_map map_op = {
> > +			.va.addr = addr,
> > +			.va.range = size,
> > +			.gem.obj = op->remap.next->gem.obj,
> > +			.gem.offset = op->remap.next->gem.offset,
> > +		};
> >
> > -		if (!unmap_vma->evicted) {
> > -			ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, addr, flags_to_prot(unmap_vma->flags),
> > -						   bo->dmap.sgt, op->remap.next->gem.offset,
> > -						   size);
> > +		if (!unmap_vma->evicted && size > 0) {
> > +			ret = panthor_vm_exec_map_op(vm, unmap_vma->flags, &map_op);
> >  			if (ret)
> >  				return ret;
> >  		}
> > @@ -2817,7 +2938,13 @@ panthor_vm_bind_prepare_op_ctx(struct drm_file *file,
> >
> >  	switch (op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK) {
> >  	case DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MAP:
> > -		gem = drm_gem_object_lookup(file, op->bo_handle);
> > +		if (!(op->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE)) {
> > +			gem = drm_gem_object_lookup(file, op->bo_handle);
> > +		} else {
> > +			gem = &vm->dummy->base;
> > +			drm_gem_object_get(&vm->dummy->base);
> > +		}
> > +
> >  		ret = panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(op_ctx, vm,
> >  						    gem ? to_panthor_bo(gem) : NULL,
> >  						    op);
> > @@ -3025,6 +3152,9 @@ int panthor_vm_map_bo_range(struct panthor_vm *vm, struct panthor_gem_object *bo
> >  	struct panthor_vm_op_ctx op_ctx;
> >  	int ret;
> >
> > +	if (drm_WARN_ON(&vm->ptdev->base, flags & DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE))
> > +		return -EINVAL;
> > +
> >  	ret = panthor_vm_prepare_map_op_ctx(&op_ctx, vm, bo, &op);
> >  	if (ret)
> >  		return ret;
> > diff --git a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> > index 42c901ebdb7a..1490a2223766 100644
> > --- a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> > +++ b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> > @@ -614,6 +614,18 @@ enum drm_panthor_vm_bind_op_flags {
> >  	 */
> >  	DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED = 1 << 2,
> >
> > +	/**
> > +	 * @DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE: Sparsely map a virtual memory range
> > +	 *
> > +	 * Only valid with DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MAP.
> > +	 *
> > +	 * When this flag is set, the whole vm_bind range is mapped over a dummy object in a cyclic
> > +	 * fashion, and all GPU reads from addresses in the range return undefined values. This flag
> > +	 * being set means drm_panthor_vm_bind_op:offset and drm_panthor_vm_bind_op::handle must
> > +	 * both be set to 0. DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC must also be set.
> > +	 */
> > +	DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_SPARSE = 1 << 3,
> > +
> >  	/**
> >  	 * @DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_TYPE_MASK: Mask used to determine the type of operation.
> >  	 */


Adrian Larumbe

Re: [PATCH v9 5/6] drm/panthor: Support sparse mappings

[Adrián Larumbe]

Hi Boris,

On 24.04.2026 12:31, Boris Brezillon wrote:
> On Fri, 24 Apr 2026 11:09:27 +0100
> Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com> wrote:
>
> > Hi Adrián,
> >
> > On 22/04/2026 13:25, Adrián Larumbe wrote:
> > > Allow UM to bind sparsely populated memory regions by cyclically mapping
> > > virtual ranges over a kernel-allocated dummy BO. This alternative is
> > > preferable to the old method of handling sparseness in the UMD, because it
> > > relied on the creation of a buffer object to the same end, despite the fact
> > > Vulkan sparse resources don't need to be backed by a driver BO.
> > >
> > > The choice of backing sparsely-bound regions with a Panhtor BO was made so
> > > as to profit from the existing shrinker reclaim code. That way no special
> > > treatment must be given to the dummy sparse BOs when reclaiming memory, as
> > > would be the case if we had chosen a raw kernel page implementation.
> > >
> > > A new dummy BO is allocated per open file context, because even though the
> > > Vulkan spec mandates that writes into sparsely bound regions must be
> > > discarded, our implementation is still a workaround over the fact Mali CSF
> > > GPUs cannot support this behaviour on the hardware level, so writes still
> > > make it into the backing BO. If we had a global one, then it could be a
> > > venue for information leaks between file contexts, which should never
> > > happen in DRM.
> > >
> > > Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
> > > Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
> >
> > Looks good, a few issues below.
> >
> > I'm worried about remap_evicted_vma() and how that interacts with sparse
> > mappings. Does that need to be fixed up to handle sparse mappings? Or is
> > there something to prevent the dummy BO being reclaimed? I might be
> > missing something here.
>
> Given the sparse mappings still have a vm_bo+gem object attached to them,
> I think reclaim is fine, but I'll double check.
>
> > > +static int
> > > +panthor_vm_map_sparse(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
> > > +		      struct sg_table *sgt, u64 size)
> > > +{
> > > +	u64 start_iova = iova;
> > > +	int ret;
> > > +
> > > +	if (iova & (SZ_2M - 1)) {
> > > +		u64 unaligned_size = min(ALIGN(iova, SZ_2M) - iova, size);
> > > +
> > > +		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot, sgt,
> > > +					   0, unaligned_size);
> > > +		if (ret)
> > > +			return ret;
> > > +
> > > +		size -= unaligned_size;
> > > +		iova += unaligned_size;
> > > +	}
> > > +
> > > +	/* TODO: we should probably optimize this at the io_pgtable level. */
> > > +	while (size > 0) {
> > > +		u64 next_size = min(size, sg_dma_len(sgt->sgl));
> >
> > Here we're only using the first entry of the scatter list. So I think in
> > the fragmented case we don't end up using the full 2MB.
>
> It should just be
>
> 		u32 chunk_size = min(size, SZ_2M);
>
> really. The fact the BO is backed by physically contiguous memory
> doesn't matter because panthor_vm_map_pages() can cope with that
> already.
>
> >
> > > +
> > > +		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot,
> > > +					   sgt, 0, next_size);
> > > +		if (ret)
> > > +			goto err_unmap;
> > > +
> > > +		size -= next_size;
> > > +		iova += next_size;
> > > +	}
>
> To sum up, the whole thing can be simplified to something like:
>
> static int
> panthor_vm_map_sparse(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
> 		      struct sg_table *sgt, u64 size)
> 	u64 offset = 0;
>
> 	while (offset < size) {
> 		u32 chunk_size = min(size - offset, SZ_2M - (iova & (SZ_2M - 1)));
                                                               ^
                                    I suppose here you meant ((iova + offset) & (SZ_2M - 1))?

> 		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova + offset, prot,
> 					   sgt, 0, chunk_size);
> 		if (ret) {
> 			panthor_vm_unmap_pages(vm, iova, offset);
> 			return ret;
> 		}
>
> 		offset += chunk_size;

Would you be alright if I named it 'mapped' instead of 'offset'?

> 	}
>
> 	return 0;
> }

Adrian Larumbe

Re: [PATCH v9 5/6] drm/panthor: Support sparse mappings

[Boris Brezillon]

On Fri, 24 Apr 2026 13:06:24 +0100
Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com> wrote:

> Hi Boris,
> 
> On 24.04.2026 12:31, Boris Brezillon wrote:
> > On Fri, 24 Apr 2026 11:09:27 +0100
> > Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com> wrote:
> >  
> > > Hi Adrián,
> > >
> > > On 22/04/2026 13:25, Adrián Larumbe wrote:  
> > > > Allow UM to bind sparsely populated memory regions by cyclically mapping
> > > > virtual ranges over a kernel-allocated dummy BO. This alternative is
> > > > preferable to the old method of handling sparseness in the UMD, because it
> > > > relied on the creation of a buffer object to the same end, despite the fact
> > > > Vulkan sparse resources don't need to be backed by a driver BO.
> > > >
> > > > The choice of backing sparsely-bound regions with a Panhtor BO was made so
> > > > as to profit from the existing shrinker reclaim code. That way no special
> > > > treatment must be given to the dummy sparse BOs when reclaiming memory, as
> > > > would be the case if we had chosen a raw kernel page implementation.
> > > >
> > > > A new dummy BO is allocated per open file context, because even though the
> > > > Vulkan spec mandates that writes into sparsely bound regions must be
> > > > discarded, our implementation is still a workaround over the fact Mali CSF
> > > > GPUs cannot support this behaviour on the hardware level, so writes still
> > > > make it into the backing BO. If we had a global one, then it could be a
> > > > venue for information leaks between file contexts, which should never
> > > > happen in DRM.
> > > >
> > > > Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
> > > > Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>  
> > >
> > > Looks good, a few issues below.
> > >
> > > I'm worried about remap_evicted_vma() and how that interacts with sparse
> > > mappings. Does that need to be fixed up to handle sparse mappings? Or is
> > > there something to prevent the dummy BO being reclaimed? I might be
> > > missing something here.  
> >
> > Given the sparse mappings still have a vm_bo+gem object attached to them,
> > I think reclaim is fine, but I'll double check.
> >  
> > > > +static int
> > > > +panthor_vm_map_sparse(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
> > > > +		      struct sg_table *sgt, u64 size)
> > > > +{
> > > > +	u64 start_iova = iova;
> > > > +	int ret;
> > > > +
> > > > +	if (iova & (SZ_2M - 1)) {
> > > > +		u64 unaligned_size = min(ALIGN(iova, SZ_2M) - iova, size);
> > > > +
> > > > +		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot, sgt,
> > > > +					   0, unaligned_size);
> > > > +		if (ret)
> > > > +			return ret;
> > > > +
> > > > +		size -= unaligned_size;
> > > > +		iova += unaligned_size;
> > > > +	}
> > > > +
> > > > +	/* TODO: we should probably optimize this at the io_pgtable level. */
> > > > +	while (size > 0) {
> > > > +		u64 next_size = min(size, sg_dma_len(sgt->sgl));  
> > >
> > > Here we're only using the first entry of the scatter list. So I think in
> > > the fragmented case we don't end up using the full 2MB.  
> >
> > It should just be
> >
> > 		u32 chunk_size = min(size, SZ_2M);
> >
> > really. The fact the BO is backed by physically contiguous memory
> > doesn't matter because panthor_vm_map_pages() can cope with that
> > already.
> >  
> > >  
> > > > +
> > > > +		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova, prot,
> > > > +					   sgt, 0, next_size);
> > > > +		if (ret)
> > > > +			goto err_unmap;
> > > > +
> > > > +		size -= next_size;
> > > > +		iova += next_size;
> > > > +	}  
> >
> > To sum up, the whole thing can be simplified to something like:
> >
> > static int
> > panthor_vm_map_sparse(struct panthor_vm *vm, u64 iova, int prot,
> > 		      struct sg_table *sgt, u64 size)
> > 	u64 offset = 0;
> >
> > 	while (offset < size) {
> > 		u32 chunk_size = min(size - offset, SZ_2M - (iova & (SZ_2M - 1)));  
>                                                                ^
>                                     I suppose here you meant ((iova + offset) & (SZ_2M - 1))?

Yep, sorry, it's (iova + offset), I went back and forth on this loop,
and forgot to add the `+ offset` there (we probably want a local var
containing iova + offset that we can directly pass to
panthor_vm_map_pages(), and which also reduce the length of this line).

> 
> > 		ret = panthor_vm_map_pages(vm, iova + offset, prot,
> > 					   sgt, 0, chunk_size);
> > 		if (ret) {
> > 			panthor_vm_unmap_pages(vm, iova, offset);
> > 			return ret;
> > 		}
> >
> > 		offset += chunk_size;  
> 
> Would you be alright if I named it 'mapped' instead of 'offset'?

Sure, mapped sounds okay to me.

> 
> > 	}
> >
> > 	return 0;
> > }  
> 
> Adrian Larumbe

Re: [PATCH v9 1/6] drm/panthor: Expose GPU page sizes to UM

[Steven Price]

On 22/04/2026 13:25, Adrián Larumbe wrote:
> In future commits that will implement repeated mappings, only repeat
> values multiple of GPU page sizes will be tolerated. That means these
> values must be made known to UM. Do it through a queriable GPU info
> value.
> 
> Reviewed-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
> Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
> Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
> ---
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h |  3 +++
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c    |  8 ++++++++
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c    |  9 ++++++++-
>  include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h           | 13 +++++++++++++
>  4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
> index 5cba272f9b4d..d856a4fe1d61 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
> @@ -158,6 +158,9 @@ struct panthor_device {
>  	/** @csif_info: Command stream interface information. */
>  	struct drm_panthor_csif_info csif_info;
>  
> +	/** @mmu_info: MMU info */
> +	struct drm_panthor_mmu_info mmu_info;
> +
>  	/** @hw: GPU-specific data. */
>  	struct panthor_hw *hw;
>  
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
> index 73fc983dc9b4..a8090bc4e33c 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
> @@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ panthor_get_uobj_array(const struct drm_panthor_obj_array *in, u32 min_stride,
>  	_Generic(_obj_name, \
>  		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_gpu_info, tiler_present), \
>  		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_csif_info, pad), \
> +		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_mmu_info, page_size_bitmap), \
>  		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_timestamp_info, current_timestamp), \
>  		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_group_priorities_info, pad), \
>  		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_sync_op, timeline_value), \
> @@ -946,6 +947,10 @@ static int panthor_ioctl_dev_query(struct drm_device *ddev, void *data, struct d
>  			args->size = sizeof(ptdev->csif_info);
>  			return 0;
>  
> +		case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO:
> +			args->size = sizeof(ptdev->mmu_info);
> +			return 0;
> +
>  		case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO:
>  			args->size = sizeof(timestamp_info);
>  			return 0;
> @@ -966,6 +971,9 @@ static int panthor_ioctl_dev_query(struct drm_device *ddev, void *data, struct d
>  	case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_CSIF_INFO:
>  		return PANTHOR_UOBJ_SET(args->pointer, args->size, ptdev->csif_info);
>  
> +	case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO:
> +		return PANTHOR_UOBJ_SET(args->pointer, args->size, ptdev->mmu_info);
> +
>  	case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO:
>  		ret = copy_struct_from_user(&timestamp_info,
>  					    sizeof(timestamp_info),
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> index fa8b31df85c9..dad56a01c597 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> @@ -2750,7 +2750,7 @@ panthor_vm_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev, bool for_mcu,
>  	refcount_set(&vm->as.active_cnt, 0);
>  
>  	pgtbl_cfg = (struct io_pgtable_cfg) {
> -		.pgsize_bitmap	= SZ_4K | SZ_2M,
> +		.pgsize_bitmap	= ptdev->mmu_info.page_size_bitmap,
>  		.ias		= va_bits,
>  		.oas		= pa_bits,
>  		.coherent_walk	= ptdev->coherent,
> @@ -3195,6 +3195,11 @@ static void panthor_mmu_release_wq(struct drm_device *ddev, void *res)
>  	destroy_workqueue(res);
>  }
>  
> +static void panthor_mmu_info_init(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
> +{
> +	ptdev->mmu_info.page_size_bitmap = SZ_4K | SZ_2M;
> +}
> +
>  /**
>   * panthor_mmu_init() - Initialize the MMU logic.
>   * @ptdev: Device.
> @@ -3207,6 +3212,8 @@ int panthor_mmu_init(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
>  	struct panthor_mmu *mmu;
>  	int ret, irq;
>  
> +	panthor_mmu_info_init(ptdev);
> +
>  	mmu = drmm_kzalloc(&ptdev->base, sizeof(*mmu), GFP_KERNEL);
>  	if (!mmu)
>  		return -ENOMEM;
> diff --git a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> index 0e455d91e77d..dc2704fc2829 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> @@ -246,6 +246,9 @@ enum drm_panthor_dev_query_type {
>  	/** @DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_CSIF_INFO: Query command-stream interface information. */
>  	DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_CSIF_INFO,
>  
> +	/** @DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO: Query MMU information. */
> +	DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO,
> +

This is why I dislike enums... there's a comment above this:

> /**
>  * enum drm_panthor_dev_query_type - Query type
>  *
>  * Place new types at the end, don't re-order, don't remove or replace.
>  */

As it says - you need to place new types at the end, otherwise it
changes the values for existing types (i.e. QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO below
ends up with a new value).

Otherwise this will break old user space.

Thanks,
Steve

>  	/** @DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO: Query timestamp information. */
>  	DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO,
>  
> @@ -487,6 +490,16 @@ struct drm_panthor_timestamp_info {
>  	__u64 cpu_timestamp_nsec;
>  };
>  
> +/**
> + * struct drm_panthor_mmu_info - MMU information
> + *
> + * Structure grouping all queryable information relating to the MMU.
> + */
> +struct drm_panthor_mmu_info {
> +	/** @page_size_bitmap: Allowed page sizes */
> +	__u64 page_size_bitmap;
> +};
> +
>  /**
>   * struct drm_panthor_group_priorities_info - Group priorities information
>   *

Re: [PATCH v9 1/6] drm/panthor: Expose GPU page sizes to UM

[Adrián Larumbe]

On 24.04.2026 14:18, Steven Price wrote:
> On 22/04/2026 13:25, Adrián Larumbe wrote:
> > In future commits that will implement repeated mappings, only repeat
> > values multiple of GPU page sizes will be tolerated. That means these
> > values must be made known to UM. Do it through a queriable GPU info
> > value.
> >
> > Reviewed-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
> > Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Adrián Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
> > ---
> >  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h |  3 +++
> >  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c    |  8 ++++++++
> >  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c    |  9 ++++++++-
> >  include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h           | 13 +++++++++++++
> >  4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
> > index 5cba272f9b4d..d856a4fe1d61 100644
> > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
> > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
> > @@ -158,6 +158,9 @@ struct panthor_device {
> >  	/** @csif_info: Command stream interface information. */
> >  	struct drm_panthor_csif_info csif_info;
> >
> > +	/** @mmu_info: MMU info */
> > +	struct drm_panthor_mmu_info mmu_info;
> > +
> >  	/** @hw: GPU-specific data. */
> >  	struct panthor_hw *hw;
> >
> > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
> > index 73fc983dc9b4..a8090bc4e33c 100644
> > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
> > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_drv.c
> > @@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ panthor_get_uobj_array(const struct drm_panthor_obj_array *in, u32 min_stride,
> >  	_Generic(_obj_name, \
> >  		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_gpu_info, tiler_present), \
> >  		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_csif_info, pad), \
> > +		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_mmu_info, page_size_bitmap), \
> >  		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_timestamp_info, current_timestamp), \
> >  		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_group_priorities_info, pad), \
> >  		 PANTHOR_UOBJ_DECL(struct drm_panthor_sync_op, timeline_value), \
> > @@ -946,6 +947,10 @@ static int panthor_ioctl_dev_query(struct drm_device *ddev, void *data, struct d
> >  			args->size = sizeof(ptdev->csif_info);
> >  			return 0;
> >
> > +		case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO:
> > +			args->size = sizeof(ptdev->mmu_info);
> > +			return 0;
> > +
> >  		case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO:
> >  			args->size = sizeof(timestamp_info);
> >  			return 0;
> > @@ -966,6 +971,9 @@ static int panthor_ioctl_dev_query(struct drm_device *ddev, void *data, struct d
> >  	case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_CSIF_INFO:
> >  		return PANTHOR_UOBJ_SET(args->pointer, args->size, ptdev->csif_info);
> >
> > +	case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO:
> > +		return PANTHOR_UOBJ_SET(args->pointer, args->size, ptdev->mmu_info);
> > +
> >  	case DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO:
> >  		ret = copy_struct_from_user(&timestamp_info,
> >  					    sizeof(timestamp_info),
> > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> > index fa8b31df85c9..dad56a01c597 100644
> > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_mmu.c
> > @@ -2750,7 +2750,7 @@ panthor_vm_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev, bool for_mcu,
> >  	refcount_set(&vm->as.active_cnt, 0);
> >
> >  	pgtbl_cfg = (struct io_pgtable_cfg) {
> > -		.pgsize_bitmap	= SZ_4K | SZ_2M,
> > +		.pgsize_bitmap	= ptdev->mmu_info.page_size_bitmap,
> >  		.ias		= va_bits,
> >  		.oas		= pa_bits,
> >  		.coherent_walk	= ptdev->coherent,
> > @@ -3195,6 +3195,11 @@ static void panthor_mmu_release_wq(struct drm_device *ddev, void *res)
> >  	destroy_workqueue(res);
> >  }
> >
> > +static void panthor_mmu_info_init(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
> > +{
> > +	ptdev->mmu_info.page_size_bitmap = SZ_4K | SZ_2M;
> > +}
> > +
> >  /**
> >   * panthor_mmu_init() - Initialize the MMU logic.
> >   * @ptdev: Device.
> > @@ -3207,6 +3212,8 @@ int panthor_mmu_init(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
> >  	struct panthor_mmu *mmu;
> >  	int ret, irq;
> >
> > +	panthor_mmu_info_init(ptdev);
> > +
> >  	mmu = drmm_kzalloc(&ptdev->base, sizeof(*mmu), GFP_KERNEL);
> >  	if (!mmu)
> >  		return -ENOMEM;
> > diff --git a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> > index 0e455d91e77d..dc2704fc2829 100644
> > --- a/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> > +++ b/include/uapi/drm/panthor_drm.h
> > @@ -246,6 +246,9 @@ enum drm_panthor_dev_query_type {
> >  	/** @DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_CSIF_INFO: Query command-stream interface information. */
> >  	DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_CSIF_INFO,
> >
> > +	/** @DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO: Query MMU information. */
> > +	DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_MMU_INFO,
> > +
>
> This is why I dislike enums... there's a comment above this:
>
> > /**
> >  * enum drm_panthor_dev_query_type - Query type
> >  *
> >  * Place new types at the end, don't re-order, don't remove or replace.
> >  */
>
> As it says - you need to place new types at the end, otherwise it
> changes the values for existing types (i.e. QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO below
> ends up with a new value).
>
> otherwise this will break old user space.

Thanks for catching this, it had completely escaped me.

> thanks,
> Steve
>
> >  	/** @DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO: Query timestamp information. */
> >  	DRM_PANTHOR_DEV_QUERY_TIMESTAMP_INFO,
> >
> > @@ -487,6 +490,16 @@ struct drm_panthor_timestamp_info {
> >  	__u64 cpu_timestamp_nsec;
> >  };
> >
> > +/**
> > + * struct drm_panthor_mmu_info - MMU information
> > + *
> > + * Structure grouping all queryable information relating to the MMU.
> > + */
> > +struct drm_panthor_mmu_info {
> > +	/** @page_size_bitmap: Allowed page sizes */
> > +	__u64 page_size_bitmap;
> > +};
> > +
> >  /**
> >   * struct drm_panthor_group_priorities_info - Group priorities information
> >   *

Adrian Larumbe