[PATCH] mm/kmemleak: report RCU-tasks quiescent states during the scan

[PATCH] mm/kmemleak: report RCU-tasks quiescent states during the scan

[Breno Leitao]

kmemleak_scan() can run for ages on large debug kernels. It was
causing some soft-lockups which I got fixed with commit
3175fcfec8b16baeb ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task
stacks") with our beloved cond_resched().

I've got the fix above deployed in the Meta fleet, and now I am seeing:

  INFO: rcu_tasks detected stalls on tasks:
    task:kmemleak state:R ... nvcsw: 274/274 holdout: 1 idle_cpu: -1/3
     scan_block
     scan_gray_list
     kmemleak_scan

and, worse, blocks the callers waiting on that grace period. Here a BPF
struct_ops map free, which waits via synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu,
call_rcu_tasks), is stuck long enough to also trip the hung task check:

  INFO: task kworker/...:bpf_map_free_deferred blocked for 122 seconds
     __wait_rcu_gp
     bpf_struct_ops_map_free

Then I've learned that cond_resched() is not an RCU-tasks quiescent
state, so, we need to use stronger primitives.

Use cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() at the scan reschedule points so the scan
reports an RCU-tasks quiescent state as it proceeds.

Inspired by commit b96285e10aad ("tracing: Have osnoise_main() add a
quiescent state for task rcu").

Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
---
 mm/kmemleak.c | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/kmemleak.c b/mm/kmemleak.c
index 85f18b17e79c4..f63dfacee7ca1 100644
--- a/mm/kmemleak.c
+++ b/mm/kmemleak.c
@@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@ static int scan_large_block(void *start, void *end)
 		if (scan_block(start, next, NULL))
 			return 1;
 		start = next;
-		cond_resched();
+		cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -1623,7 +1623,7 @@ static void scan_object(struct kmemleak_object *object)
 			scan_block(start, end, object);
 
 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
-			cond_resched();
+			cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
 			if (!(object->flags & OBJECT_ALLOCATED))
 				break;
@@ -1645,7 +1645,7 @@ static void scan_object(struct kmemleak_object *object)
 				break;
 
 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
-			cond_resched();
+			cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
 		} while (object->flags & OBJECT_ALLOCATED);
 	} else {
@@ -1673,7 +1673,7 @@ static void scan_gray_list(void)
 	 */
 	object = list_entry(gray_list.next, typeof(*object), gray_list);
 	while (&object->gray_list != &gray_list) {
-		cond_resched();
+		cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
 
 		/* may add new objects to the list */
 		if (!scan_should_stop())
@@ -1708,7 +1708,7 @@ static void kmemleak_cond_resched(struct kmemleak_object *object)
 	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&kmemleak_lock);
 
 	rcu_read_unlock();
-	cond_resched();
+	cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
 	rcu_read_lock();
 
 	raw_spin_lock_irq(&kmemleak_lock);
@@ -1753,7 +1753,7 @@ static void kmemleak_scan_task_stacks(void)
 			}
 			put_task_struct(p);
 		}
-		cond_resched();
+		cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
 	} while (pid && !stop);
 }
 
@@ -1935,7 +1935,7 @@ static int __kmemleak_scan(bool full)
 			struct page *page = pfn_to_online_page(pfn);
 
 			if (!(pfn & 63))
-				cond_resched();
+				cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
 
 			if (!page)
 				continue;

---
base-commit: 0718283ab28bc3907e10b61a6b4be6fefa1cbb2f
change-id: 20260720-kmemleak_rcu_task-6d3ea111b947

Best regards,
--  
Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>

Re: [PATCH] mm/kmemleak: report RCU-tasks quiescent states during the scan

[Paul E. McKenney]

On Mon, Jul 20, 2026 at 06:23:45AM -0700, Breno Leitao wrote:
> kmemleak_scan() can run for ages on large debug kernels. It was
> causing some soft-lockups which I got fixed with commit
> 3175fcfec8b16baeb ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task
> stacks") with our beloved cond_resched().
> 
> I've got the fix above deployed in the Meta fleet, and now I am seeing:
> 
>   INFO: rcu_tasks detected stalls on tasks:
>     task:kmemleak state:R ... nvcsw: 274/274 holdout: 1 idle_cpu: -1/3
>      scan_block
>      scan_gray_list
>      kmemleak_scan
> 
> and, worse, blocks the callers waiting on that grace period. Here a BPF
> struct_ops map free, which waits via synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu,
> call_rcu_tasks), is stuck long enough to also trip the hung task check:
> 
>   INFO: task kworker/...:bpf_map_free_deferred blocked for 122 seconds
>      __wait_rcu_gp
>      bpf_struct_ops_map_free
> 
> Then I've learned that cond_resched() is not an RCU-tasks quiescent
> state, so, we need to use stronger primitives.
> 
> Use cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() at the scan reschedule points so the scan
> reports an RCU-tasks quiescent state as it proceeds.
> 
> Inspired by commit b96285e10aad ("tracing: Have osnoise_main() add a
> quiescent state for task rcu").
> 
> Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>

Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

> ---
>  mm/kmemleak.c | 14 +++++++-------
>  1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/mm/kmemleak.c b/mm/kmemleak.c
> index 85f18b17e79c4..f63dfacee7ca1 100644
> --- a/mm/kmemleak.c
> +++ b/mm/kmemleak.c
> @@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@ static int scan_large_block(void *start, void *end)
>  		if (scan_block(start, next, NULL))
>  			return 1;
>  		start = next;
> -		cond_resched();
> +		cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
>  	}
>  
>  	return 0;
> @@ -1623,7 +1623,7 @@ static void scan_object(struct kmemleak_object *object)
>  			scan_block(start, end, object);
>  
>  			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
> -			cond_resched();
> +			cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
>  			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
>  			if (!(object->flags & OBJECT_ALLOCATED))
>  				break;
> @@ -1645,7 +1645,7 @@ static void scan_object(struct kmemleak_object *object)
>  				break;
>  
>  			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
> -			cond_resched();
> +			cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
>  			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
>  		} while (object->flags & OBJECT_ALLOCATED);
>  	} else {
> @@ -1673,7 +1673,7 @@ static void scan_gray_list(void)
>  	 */
>  	object = list_entry(gray_list.next, typeof(*object), gray_list);
>  	while (&object->gray_list != &gray_list) {
> -		cond_resched();
> +		cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
>  
>  		/* may add new objects to the list */
>  		if (!scan_should_stop())
> @@ -1708,7 +1708,7 @@ static void kmemleak_cond_resched(struct kmemleak_object *object)
>  	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&kmemleak_lock);
>  
>  	rcu_read_unlock();
> -	cond_resched();
> +	cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
>  	rcu_read_lock();
>  
>  	raw_spin_lock_irq(&kmemleak_lock);
> @@ -1753,7 +1753,7 @@ static void kmemleak_scan_task_stacks(void)
>  			}
>  			put_task_struct(p);
>  		}
> -		cond_resched();
> +		cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
>  	} while (pid && !stop);
>  }
>  
> @@ -1935,7 +1935,7 @@ static int __kmemleak_scan(bool full)
>  			struct page *page = pfn_to_online_page(pfn);
>  
>  			if (!(pfn & 63))
> -				cond_resched();
> +				cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
>  
>  			if (!page)
>  				continue;
> 
> ---
> base-commit: 0718283ab28bc3907e10b61a6b4be6fefa1cbb2f
> change-id: 20260720-kmemleak_rcu_task-6d3ea111b947
> 
> Best regards,
> --  
> Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
> 

Re: [PATCH] mm/kmemleak: report RCU-tasks quiescent states during the scan

[Andrew Morton]

On Mon, 20 Jul 2026 06:23:45 -0700 Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> wrote:

> kmemleak_scan() can run for ages on large debug kernels. It was
> causing some soft-lockups which I got fixed with commit
> 3175fcfec8b16baeb ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task
> stacks") with our beloved cond_resched().
> 
> I've got the fix above deployed in the Meta fleet, and now I am seeing:
> 
>   INFO: rcu_tasks detected stalls on tasks:
>     task:kmemleak state:R ... nvcsw: 274/274 holdout: 1 idle_cpu: -1/3
>      scan_block
>      scan_gray_list
>      kmemleak_scan
> 
> and, worse, blocks the callers waiting on that grace period. Here a BPF
> struct_ops map free, which waits via synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu,
> call_rcu_tasks), is stuck long enough to also trip the hung task check:
> 
>   INFO: task kworker/...:bpf_map_free_deferred blocked for 122 seconds
>      __wait_rcu_gp
>      bpf_struct_ops_map_free
> 
> Then I've learned that cond_resched() is not an RCU-tasks quiescent
> state, so, we need to use stronger primitives.
> 
> Use cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() at the scan reschedule points so the scan
> reports an RCU-tasks quiescent state as it proceeds.
> 
> Inspired by commit b96285e10aad ("tracing: Have osnoise_main() add a
> quiescent state for task rcu").

I'll add

Fixes: c4b28963fd79 ("mm/kmemleak: rely on rcu for task stack scanning")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
.
.

Re: [PATCH] mm/kmemleak: report RCU-tasks quiescent states during the scan

[SJ Park]

On Mon, 20 Jul 2026 06:23:45 -0700 Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> wrote:

> kmemleak_scan() can run for ages on large debug kernels. It was
> causing some soft-lockups which I got fixed with commit
> 3175fcfec8b16baeb ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task
> stacks") with our beloved cond_resched().
> 
> I've got the fix above deployed in the Meta fleet, and now I am seeing:
> 
>   INFO: rcu_tasks detected stalls on tasks:
>     task:kmemleak state:R ... nvcsw: 274/274 holdout: 1 idle_cpu: -1/3
>      scan_block
>      scan_gray_list
>      kmemleak_scan
> 
> and, worse, blocks the callers waiting on that grace period. Here a BPF
> struct_ops map free, which waits via synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu,
> call_rcu_tasks), is stuck long enough to also trip the hung task check:
> 
>   INFO: task kworker/...:bpf_map_free_deferred blocked for 122 seconds
>      __wait_rcu_gp
>      bpf_struct_ops_map_free
> 
> Then I've learned that cond_resched() is not an RCU-tasks quiescent
> state, so, we need to use stronger primitives.
> 
> Use cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() at the scan reschedule points so the scan
> reports an RCU-tasks quiescent state as it proceeds.
> 
> Inspired by commit b96285e10aad ("tracing: Have osnoise_main() add a
> quiescent state for task rcu").

Makes sense to me.

> 
> Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>

Reviewed-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org>


Thanks,
SJ

[...]

Re: [PATCH] mm/kmemleak: report RCU-tasks quiescent states during the scan

[Paul E. McKenney]

On Mon, Jul 20, 2026 at 03:39:17PM -0700, Andrew Morton wrote:
> On Mon, 20 Jul 2026 06:23:45 -0700 Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> wrote:
> 
> > kmemleak_scan() can run for ages on large debug kernels. It was
> > causing some soft-lockups which I got fixed with commit
> > 3175fcfec8b16baeb ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task
> > stacks") with our beloved cond_resched().
> > 
> > I've got the fix above deployed in the Meta fleet, and now I am seeing:
> > 
> >   INFO: rcu_tasks detected stalls on tasks:
> >     task:kmemleak state:R ... nvcsw: 274/274 holdout: 1 idle_cpu: -1/3
> >      scan_block
> >      scan_gray_list
> >      kmemleak_scan
> > 
> > and, worse, blocks the callers waiting on that grace period. Here a BPF
> > struct_ops map free, which waits via synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu,
> > call_rcu_tasks), is stuck long enough to also trip the hung task check:
> > 
> >   INFO: task kworker/...:bpf_map_free_deferred blocked for 122 seconds
> >      __wait_rcu_gp
> >      bpf_struct_ops_map_free
> > 
> > Then I've learned that cond_resched() is not an RCU-tasks quiescent
> > state, so, we need to use stronger primitives.
> > 
> > Use cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() at the scan reschedule points so the scan
> > reports an RCU-tasks quiescent state as it proceeds.
> > 
> > Inspired by commit b96285e10aad ("tracing: Have osnoise_main() add a
> > quiescent state for task rcu").
> 
> I'll add
> 
> Fixes: c4b28963fd79 ("mm/kmemleak: rely on rcu for task stack scanning")
> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>

Thanks to all three of you!

This adds fewer than ten calls to cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs(), but still
more than doubles the number of such calls outside of the RCU subsystem.

Which is most likely just fine, and in any case absolutely should not
get in the way of Breno's patch, which after all solves a real problem
in the here and now.

Nevertheless, on the off-chance that over the next few months or years
we start playing cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() whack-a-mole, I figured it
would be good to get a head start on writing up alternatives.  An initial
draft may be found here:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1s3fn29SCTYVw9jak4iraNIVQR59Wk5C6_I-_eu-MfQA/edit?usp=sharing

TL;DR:  Should we get into a rousing game of whack-a-mole, alternatives
include continuing as we are, making the existing calls to cond_resched()
in turn call cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs(), decoupling mutex-induced
hung-task warnings from synchronize_rcu_tasks(), and various
not-so-practical alternatives to RCU Tasks for trampoline synchronization.

Thoughts?  Especially thoughts on other schemes?

							Thanx, Paul

Re: [PATCH] mm/kmemleak: report RCU-tasks quiescent states during the scan

[Breno Leitao]

Hello Paul,

On Mon, Jul 20, 2026 at 09:21:17PM -0700, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> On Mon, Jul 20, 2026 at 03:39:17PM -0700, Andrew Morton wrote:
> > On Mon, 20 Jul 2026 06:23:45 -0700 Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> wrote:
> > 
> > > kmemleak_scan() can run for ages on large debug kernels. It was
> > > causing some soft-lockups which I got fixed with commit
> > > 3175fcfec8b16baeb ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task
> > > stacks") with our beloved cond_resched().
> > > 
> > > I've got the fix above deployed in the Meta fleet, and now I am seeing:
> > > 
> > >   INFO: rcu_tasks detected stalls on tasks:
> > >     task:kmemleak state:R ... nvcsw: 274/274 holdout: 1 idle_cpu: -1/3
> > >      scan_block
> > >      scan_gray_list
> > >      kmemleak_scan
> > > 
> > > and, worse, blocks the callers waiting on that grace period. Here a BPF
> > > struct_ops map free, which waits via synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu,
> > > call_rcu_tasks), is stuck long enough to also trip the hung task check:
> > > 
> > >   INFO: task kworker/...:bpf_map_free_deferred blocked for 122 seconds
> > >      __wait_rcu_gp
> > >      bpf_struct_ops_map_free
> > > 
> > > Then I've learned that cond_resched() is not an RCU-tasks quiescent
> > > state, so, we need to use stronger primitives.
> > > 
> > > Use cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() at the scan reschedule points so the scan
> > > reports an RCU-tasks quiescent state as it proceeds.
> > > 
> > > Inspired by commit b96285e10aad ("tracing: Have osnoise_main() add a
> > > quiescent state for task rcu").
> > 
> > I'll add
> > 
> > Fixes: c4b28963fd79 ("mm/kmemleak: rely on rcu for task stack scanning")
> > Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
> 
> Thanks to all three of you!
> 
> This adds fewer than ten calls to cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs(), but still
> more than doubles the number of such calls outside of the RCU subsystem.
> 
> Which is most likely just fine, and in any case absolutely should not
> get in the way of Breno's patch, which after all solves a real problem
> in the here and now.
> 
> Nevertheless, on the off-chance that over the next few months or years
> we start playing cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() whack-a-mole, I figured it
> would be good to get a head start on writing up alternatives.  An initial
> draft may be found here:
> 
> https://docs.google.com/document/d/1s3fn29SCTYVw9jak4iraNIVQR59Wk5C6_I-_eu-MfQA/edit?usp=sharing
> 
> TL;DR:  Should we get into a rousing game of whack-a-mole, alternatives
> include continuing as we are, making the existing calls to cond_resched()
> in turn call cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs(), decoupling mutex-induced
> hung-task warnings from synchronize_rcu_tasks(), and various
> not-so-practical alternatives to RCU Tasks for trampoline synchronization.
> 
> Thoughts?  Especially thoughts on other schemes?

While debugging this issue, I was surprised to discover that cond_resched()
doesn't provide RCU-tasks quiescent states. That led me to
cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs(), which is the stronger primitive needed for
long-running kernel threads like kmemleak_scan(). Is this the common
case for cond_resched()? I got the impression that kmemleak is the
extreme side, but, I have no data on this.

Worth noting that commit 7dadeaa6e851e7 ("sched: Further restrict the
preemption modes") continues to narrow PREEMPT_NONE, so the future of
cond_resched() itself may be uncertain, no?

Re: [PATCH] mm/kmemleak: report RCU-tasks quiescent states during the scan

[Paul E. McKenney]

On Thu, Jul 23, 2026 at 06:26:11AM -0700, Breno Leitao wrote:
> Hello Paul,
> 
> On Mon, Jul 20, 2026 at 09:21:17PM -0700, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> > On Mon, Jul 20, 2026 at 03:39:17PM -0700, Andrew Morton wrote:
> > > On Mon, 20 Jul 2026 06:23:45 -0700 Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> wrote:
> > > 
> > > > kmemleak_scan() can run for ages on large debug kernels. It was
> > > > causing some soft-lockups which I got fixed with commit
> > > > 3175fcfec8b16baeb ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task
> > > > stacks") with our beloved cond_resched().
> > > > 
> > > > I've got the fix above deployed in the Meta fleet, and now I am seeing:
> > > > 
> > > >   INFO: rcu_tasks detected stalls on tasks:
> > > >     task:kmemleak state:R ... nvcsw: 274/274 holdout: 1 idle_cpu: -1/3
> > > >      scan_block
> > > >      scan_gray_list
> > > >      kmemleak_scan
> > > > 
> > > > and, worse, blocks the callers waiting on that grace period. Here a BPF
> > > > struct_ops map free, which waits via synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu,
> > > > call_rcu_tasks), is stuck long enough to also trip the hung task check:
> > > > 
> > > >   INFO: task kworker/...:bpf_map_free_deferred blocked for 122 seconds
> > > >      __wait_rcu_gp
> > > >      bpf_struct_ops_map_free
> > > > 
> > > > Then I've learned that cond_resched() is not an RCU-tasks quiescent
> > > > state, so, we need to use stronger primitives.
> > > > 
> > > > Use cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() at the scan reschedule points so the scan
> > > > reports an RCU-tasks quiescent state as it proceeds.
> > > > 
> > > > Inspired by commit b96285e10aad ("tracing: Have osnoise_main() add a
> > > > quiescent state for task rcu").
> > > 
> > > I'll add
> > > 
> > > Fixes: c4b28963fd79 ("mm/kmemleak: rely on rcu for task stack scanning")
> > > Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
> > 
> > Thanks to all three of you!
> > 
> > This adds fewer than ten calls to cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs(), but still
> > more than doubles the number of such calls outside of the RCU subsystem.
> > 
> > Which is most likely just fine, and in any case absolutely should not
> > get in the way of Breno's patch, which after all solves a real problem
> > in the here and now.
> > 
> > Nevertheless, on the off-chance that over the next few months or years
> > we start playing cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() whack-a-mole, I figured it
> > would be good to get a head start on writing up alternatives.  An initial
> > draft may be found here:
> > 
> > https://docs.google.com/document/d/1s3fn29SCTYVw9jak4iraNIVQR59Wk5C6_I-_eu-MfQA/edit?usp=sharing
> > 
> > TL;DR:  Should we get into a rousing game of whack-a-mole, alternatives
> > include continuing as we are, making the existing calls to cond_resched()
> > in turn call cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs(), decoupling mutex-induced
> > hung-task warnings from synchronize_rcu_tasks(), and various
> > not-so-practical alternatives to RCU Tasks for trampoline synchronization.
> > 
> > Thoughts?  Especially thoughts on other schemes?
> 
> While debugging this issue, I was surprised to discover that cond_resched()
> doesn't provide RCU-tasks quiescent states. That led me to
> cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs(), which is the stronger primitive needed for
> long-running kernel threads like kmemleak_scan(). Is this the common
> case for cond_resched()? I got the impression that kmemleak is the
> extreme side, but, I have no data on this.

And that discovery did in fact lead you correctly, and hence my
giving you a Reviewed-by.

> Worth noting that commit 7dadeaa6e851e7 ("sched: Further restrict the
> preemption modes") continues to narrow PREEMPT_NONE, so the future of
> cond_resched() itself may be uncertain, no?

Especially given that one of the explicitly stated goals of lazy
preemption was in fact to eliminate cond_resched().  ;-)

Getting back to your point about kmemleak possibly being extreme, as far
as I know, none of us have data on how many conversions of cond_resched()
to cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() will be required, or, for that matter,
how many additions of cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs() above and beyond
current cond_resched() instances will be required.

There were concerns raised off-list, so I figured that it was time
to lay out what we do know, hence the above gdoc.  I very much hope
that we don't need many more calls to cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs(), and
thus that the time I spent writing that turns out to be wasted time.
But better safe than sorry!

							Thanx, Paul