[PATCH bpf-next v5 0/2] bpf: Fix trampoline image UAF on multi detach failure

[PATCH bpf-next v5 0/2] bpf: Fix trampoline image UAF on multi detach failure

[Hui Zhu]

From: Hui Zhu <zhuhui@kylinos.cn>

This series fixes a UAF in bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free() where
old_image is freed while ftrace still calls into it, and makes
bpf_trampoline_multi_detach() return void as suggested by Jiri Olsa.

Patch 1 fixes the UAF.  Patch 2 is an independent cleanup that
changes the return type to void and drops the WARN_ON_ONCE at the
call site.

Changelog:
v5:
According to the comments of bot+bpf-ci, split the single patch into
two: the bug fix and the return-type cleanup.
v4:
According to the comments of bot+bpf-ci, add Fixes: and update comments
of bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free.
v3:
According to the comments of Jiri Olsa, drop patches 2/3 and the
prog-side machinery.
keep only the simplified image-side fix in
bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free() and make
bpf_trampoline_multi_detach() return void.
v2:
Folded v1's two detach patches into patch 1.
According to the comments of Jiri Olsa, Pin the prog (pinned_prog) on
cur_image so it stays alive while ftrace may still call into it.
Make bpf_trampoline_multi_detach() return void.
Fix the same UAF in standard (non-multi) trampolines.
According to the comments of sashiko, Fix the prog UAF in
bpf_trampoline_multi_attach() rollback.
Leak the trampoline in bpf_trampoline_put() when cur_image is left
by a rollback.

Hui Zhu (2):
  bpf: Fix UAF in bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free on update failure
  bpf: Make bpf_trampoline_multi_detach return void

 include/linux/bpf.h      |  9 ++++-----
 kernel/bpf/trampoline.c  | 16 +++++++++++++---
 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH bpf-next v5 1/2] bpf: Fix UAF in bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free on update failure

[Hui Zhu]

From: Hui Zhu <zhuhui@kylinos.cn>

When bpf_trampoline_update() fails before modify_fentry_multi()/
unregister_fentry_multi() is called, cur_image is unchanged
(cur_image == old_image) and ftrace still calls into it.  Freeing
old_image in that case causes a UAF.

Only free old_image when it differs from cur_image.

Fixes: aef4dfa790b2 ("bpf: Add bpf_trampoline_multi_attach/detach functions")
Signed-off-by: Hui Zhu <zhuhui@kylinos.cn>
---
 kernel/bpf/trampoline.c | 12 +++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c b/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
index ed7999ad6c66..ea4d3c62f289 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
@@ -1595,7 +1595,17 @@ static void bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_init(struct bpf_trampoline *tr)
 
 static void bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free(struct bpf_trampoline *tr)
 {
-	if (tr->multi_attach.old_image)
+	/*
+	 * Only free old_image if it is no longer the active image.
+	 * When bpf_trampoline_update() fails before modify_fentry_multi()/
+	 * unregister_fentry_multi() is called, cur_image is unchanged
+	 * (cur_image == old_image) and ftrace still points to it. Freeing
+	 * it would cause a UAF when ftrace calls into the freed memory.
+	 * On success, cur_image is either a new image or NULL, so
+	 * old_image != cur_image means the image is stale.
+	 */
+	if (tr->multi_attach.old_image &&
+	    tr->multi_attach.old_image != tr->cur_image)
 		bpf_tramp_image_put(tr->multi_attach.old_image);
 
 	tr->multi_attach.old_image = NULL;
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH bpf-next v5 2/2] bpf: Make bpf_trampoline_multi_detach return void

[Hui Zhu]

From: Hui Zhu <zhuhui@kylinos.cn>

bpf_trampoline_multi_detach() always returns 0 and the sole caller
ignores the return value.  Change it to return void and drop the
WARN_ON_ONCE at the call site.

Signed-off-by: Hui Zhu <zhuhui@kylinos.cn>
---
 include/linux/bpf.h      | 9 ++++-----
 kernel/bpf/trampoline.c  | 4 ++--
 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/bpf.h b/include/linux/bpf.h
index 73bacfc6444d..3255c6f5ea6b 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf.h
@@ -1518,8 +1518,8 @@ int arch_prepare_bpf_dispatcher(void *image, void *buf, s64 *funcs, int num_func
 
 int bpf_trampoline_multi_attach(struct bpf_prog *prog, u32 *ids,
 				struct bpf_tracing_multi_link *link);
-int bpf_trampoline_multi_detach(struct bpf_prog *prog,
-				struct bpf_tracing_multi_link *link);
+void bpf_trampoline_multi_detach(struct bpf_prog *prog,
+				 struct bpf_tracing_multi_link *link);
 void bpf_trampoline_set_flags(struct bpf_trampoline *tr, u32 flags);
 
 /*
@@ -1639,10 +1639,9 @@ static inline int bpf_trampoline_multi_attach(struct bpf_prog *prog, u32 *ids,
 {
 	return -ENOTSUPP;
 }
-static inline int bpf_trampoline_multi_detach(struct bpf_prog *prog,
-					      struct bpf_tracing_multi_link *link)
+static inline void bpf_trampoline_multi_detach(struct bpf_prog *prog,
+					       struct bpf_tracing_multi_link *link)
 {
-	return -ENOTSUPP;
 }
 static inline void bpf_trampoline_set_flags(struct bpf_trampoline *tr, u32 flags) {}
 #endif
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c b/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
index ea4d3c62f289..e30425789487 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
@@ -1729,7 +1729,8 @@ int bpf_trampoline_multi_attach(struct bpf_prog *prog, u32 *ids,
 	return err;
 }
 
-int bpf_trampoline_multi_detach(struct bpf_prog *prog, struct bpf_tracing_multi_link *link)
+void bpf_trampoline_multi_detach(struct bpf_prog *prog,
+				 struct bpf_tracing_multi_link *link)
 {
 	struct bpf_tracing_multi_data *data = &link->data;
 	struct bpf_tracing_multi_node *mnode;
@@ -1759,7 +1760,6 @@ int bpf_trampoline_multi_detach(struct bpf_prog *prog, struct bpf_tracing_multi_
 		bpf_trampoline_put(mnode->trampoline);
 
 	clear_tracing_multi_data(data);
-	return 0;
 }
 
 #undef for_each_mnode_cnt
diff --git a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
index 891897f8a1b3..29260951aa87 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
@@ -3687,7 +3687,7 @@ static void bpf_tracing_multi_link_release(struct bpf_link *link)
 	struct bpf_tracing_multi_link *tr_link =
 		container_of(link, struct bpf_tracing_multi_link, link);
 
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(bpf_trampoline_multi_detach(link->prog, tr_link));
+	bpf_trampoline_multi_detach(link->prog, tr_link);
 }
 
 static void bpf_tracing_multi_link_dealloc(struct bpf_link *link)
-- 
2.53.0

Re: [PATCH bpf-next v5 0/2] bpf: Fix trampoline image UAF on multi detach failure

[Leon Hwang]

On 11/8/26 10:46, Hui Zhu wrote:
> From: Hui Zhu <zhuhui@kylinos.cn>
> 
> This series fixes a UAF in bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free() where
> old_image is freed while ftrace still calls into it, and makes
> bpf_trampoline_multi_detach() return void as suggested by Jiri Olsa.
> 
> Patch 1 fixes the UAF.  Patch 2 is an independent cleanup that
> changes the return type to void and drops the WARN_ON_ONCE at the
> call site.


The UAF issue was reported by Sashiko when reviewing "bpf: Add
tracing_multi link support for bpf progs" [1].

The fix and the cleanup look good to me.

Acked-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev>

[1]
https://sashiko.dev/#/message/20260809153308.5331D1F000E9%40smtp.kernel.org

> [...]

Re: [PATCH bpf-next v5 0/2] bpf: Fix trampoline image UAF on multi detach failure

[Jiri Olsa]

On Tue, Aug 11, 2026 at 10:46:18AM +0800, Hui Zhu wrote:
> From: Hui Zhu <zhuhui@kylinos.cn>
> 
> This series fixes a UAF in bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free() where
> old_image is freed while ftrace still calls into it, and makes
> bpf_trampoline_multi_detach() return void as suggested by Jiri Olsa.
> 
> Patch 1 fixes the UAF.  Patch 2 is an independent cleanup that
> changes the return type to void and drops the WARN_ON_ONCE at the
> call site.
> 
> Changelog:
> v5:
> According to the comments of bot+bpf-ci, split the single patch into
> two: the bug fix and the return-type cleanup.
> v4:
> According to the comments of bot+bpf-ci, add Fixes: and update comments
> of bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free.
> v3:
> According to the comments of Jiri Olsa, drop patches 2/3 and the
> prog-side machinery.
> keep only the simplified image-side fix in
> bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free() and make
> bpf_trampoline_multi_detach() return void.
> v2:
> Folded v1's two detach patches into patch 1.
> According to the comments of Jiri Olsa, Pin the prog (pinned_prog) on
> cur_image so it stays alive while ftrace may still call into it.
> Make bpf_trampoline_multi_detach() return void.
> Fix the same UAF in standard (non-multi) trampolines.
> According to the comments of sashiko, Fix the prog UAF in
> bpf_trampoline_multi_attach() rollback.
> Leak the trampoline in bpf_trampoline_put() when cur_image is left
> by a rollback.
> 
> Hui Zhu (2):
>   bpf: Fix UAF in bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free on update failure
>   bpf: Make bpf_trampoline_multi_detach return void

Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>

thanks,
jirka