[PATCH RFT 0/3] mm, drm: ensure .fault() does not have to be followed by .pfn_mkwrite() for write faults

[PATCH RFT 0/3] mm, drm: ensure .fault() does not have to be followed by .pfn_mkwrite() for write faults

[Paolo Bonzini]

Warning - DRM parts (i.e. most of the patches) untested; I have Cc'd
the reporter to help with testing these patches.

Right now, users of .pfn_mkwrite() have no way to create a PTE
that has gone through maybe_mkwrite().  Because vma_set_page_prot()
will have cleared the writable PTE bit, users of fixup_user_fault()
will see a read-only PTE and have no clue that the page needs
a *second* fault to reach its final status.

Handling this in fixup_user_fault() is problematic: the information
about the presence of *_mkwrite is only recorded in vma->vm_page_prot,
which is an opaque pgprot_t, therefore only follow_pfnmap_start()
knows how to retrieve it.

There are actually some preexisting functions that suggest how
this is supposed to be handled, namely vmf_insert_page_mkwrite() and
vmf_insert_pfn_pmd().  So, this series adjusts mm/memory.c to export
two new functions vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite() and __vmf_insert_pfn_prot(),
and then teaches drm's two users of .pfn_mkwrite() to call them.  Let
me know if I should use another name like vmf_insert_pfn_prot_mkwrite(),
instead of the "__"-prefixed one.

The drm_gem_shmem_helper case was reported as a KVM regression, while
the vmwgfx one was found by inspection of .pfn_mkwrite() implementors.

Thanks,

Paolo

Paolo Bonzini (3):
  mm: export variants of vmf_insert_pfn* for use with pfn_mkwrite()
  drm/shmem_helper: use vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite()
  drm/ttm, drm/vmwgfx: directly create writable PTEs when mkwrite is
    in use

 drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c     | 38 +++++------
 drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_bo_vm.c            |  3 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_page_dirty.c | 44 +++++++------
 include/linux/mm.h                         |  4 ++
 mm/huge_memory.c                           |  2 +-
 mm/memory.c                                | 75 ++++++++++++++++------
 6 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)

-- 
2.55.0

[PATCH RFT 1/3] mm: export variants of vmf_insert_pfn* for use with pfn_mkwrite()

[Paolo Bonzini]

Right now, users of .pfn_mkwrite() have no way to create a PTE
that has gone through maybe_mkwrite().  Because vma_set_page_prot()
will have cleared the writable PTE bit, users of fixup_user_fault()
will see a read-only PTE and have no clue that the page needs
a *second* fault to reach its final status.

Handling this in fixup_user_fault() is problematic: the information
about the presence of *_mkwrite is only recorded in vma->vm_page_prot,
which is an opaque pgprot_t, therefore only follow_pfnmap_start()
knows how to retrieve it.

There are actually some preexisting functions that suggest how this
is supposed to be handled, namely vmf_insert_page_mkwrite() and
vmf_insert_pfn_pmd().  Adjust mm/memory.c to export two more
functions: vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite() for the common case where
vma->vm_page_prot is okay, and __vmf_insert_pfn_prot() when
really all parameters are needed.  This makes it possible
to fix drivers that use .pfn_mkwrite together with
vmf_insert_pfn() and vmf_insert_pfn_prot().

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
---
 include/linux/mm.h |  4 +++
 mm/huge_memory.c   |  2 +-
 mm/memory.c        | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 3 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 34c79b5fcb9b..33c7de36b214 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -4551,6 +4551,10 @@ vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
 			unsigned long pfn);
 vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
 			unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t pgprot);
+vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
+			unsigned long pfn, bool write);
+vm_fault_t __vmf_insert_pfn_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
+			unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t pgprot, bool mkwrite);
 vm_fault_t vmf_insert_mixed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
 			unsigned long pfn);
 vm_fault_t vmf_insert_mixed_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index b5d1e9d4463d..2f4dcaa819b7 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ static vm_fault_t insert_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
  * @pfn: pfn to insert
  * @write: whether it's a write fault
  *
- * Insert a pmd size pfn. See vmf_insert_pfn() for additional info.
+ * Insert a pmd size pfn. See vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite() for additional info.
  *
  * Return: vm_fault_t value.
  */
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index 40997a26846f..7b950be8f511 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -2718,6 +2718,34 @@ static vm_fault_t insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
 	return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
 }
 
+vm_fault_t __vmf_insert_pfn_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+			unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t pgprot,
+			bool mkwrite)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Technically, architectures with pte_special can avoid all these
+	 * restrictions (same for remap_pfn_range).  However we would like
+	 * consistency in testing and feature parity among all, so we should
+	 * try to keep these invariants in place for everybody.
+	 */
+	BUG_ON(!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)));
+	BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) ==
+						(VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP));
+	BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags));
+	BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP) && pfn_valid(pfn));
+
+	if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end)
+		return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
+
+	if (!pfn_modify_allowed(pfn, pgprot))
+		return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
+
+	pfnmap_setup_cachemode_pfn(pfn, &pgprot);
+
+	return insert_pfn(vma, addr, pfn, pgprot, mkwrite);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__vmf_insert_pfn_prot);
+
 /**
  * vmf_insert_pfn_prot - insert single pfn into user vma with specified pgprot
  * @vma: user vma to map to
@@ -2754,27 +2782,7 @@ static vm_fault_t insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
 vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
 			unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t pgprot)
 {
-	/*
-	 * Technically, architectures with pte_special can avoid all these
-	 * restrictions (same for remap_pfn_range).  However we would like
-	 * consistency in testing and feature parity among all, so we should
-	 * try to keep these invariants in place for everybody.
-	 */
-	BUG_ON(!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)));
-	BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) ==
-						(VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP));
-	BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags));
-	BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP) && pfn_valid(pfn));
-
-	if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end)
-		return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
-
-	if (!pfn_modify_allowed(pfn, pgprot))
-		return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
-
-	pfnmap_setup_cachemode_pfn(pfn, &pgprot);
-
-	return insert_pfn(vma, addr, pfn, pgprot, false);
+	return __vmf_insert_pfn_prot(vma, addr, pfn, pgprot, false);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmf_insert_pfn_prot);
 
@@ -2805,6 +2813,31 @@ vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmf_insert_pfn);
 
+/**
+ * vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite - insert single pfn into user vma, possibly writable
+ * @vma: user vma to map to
+ * @addr: target user address of this page
+ * @pfn: source kernel pfn
+ * @write: whether the PTE should be installed writable
+ *
+ * Like vmf_insert_pfn(), except that @write allows installing a writable
+ * PTE even when @vma is under write notification, i.e. when it has a
+ * .page_mkwrite() or .pfn_mkwrite() callback and vma_set_page_prot() has
+ * therefore cleared the write bit from @vma->vm_page_prot.
+ *
+ * Note that neither of these callbacks is invoked, so the caller must
+ * itself do whatever they would have done if @write is true.
+ *
+ * Context: Process context.  May allocate using %GFP_KERNEL.
+ * Return: vm_fault_t value.
+ */
+vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
+			unsigned long pfn, bool write)
+{
+	return __vmf_insert_pfn_prot(vma, addr, pfn, vma->vm_page_prot, write);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite);
+
 static bool vm_mixed_ok(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long pfn,
 			bool mkwrite)
 {
-- 
2.55.0

[PATCH RFT 2/3] drm/shmem_helper: use vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite()

[Paolo Bonzini]

This ensures that KVM or VFIO correctly see a writable PTE when
they request one.  Otherwise, a guest write to an unpopulated
PTE from a mapping backed by a DRM GEM BO triggers a VM exit
with EFAULT.

The code actually is simpler, because the same logic already
applied to the hugepage mapping case using vmf_insert_pfn_pmd().

Reported-by: Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20260729072044.25796-1-slp@redhat.com/
Fixes: 28e3918179aa ("drm/gem-shmem: Track folio accessed/dirty status in mmap")
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
---
 drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c | 38 ++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c
index c989459eb215..33a14f558276 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c
@@ -589,11 +589,25 @@ static void drm_gem_shmem_record_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	folio_mark_dirty(page_folio(shmem->pages[page_offset]));
 }
 
+/*
+ * Because the vm_ops have a .pfn_mkwrite() callback, vma_set_page_prot()
+ * has cleared the write bit from vma->vm_page_prot.  vmf_insert_pfn()
+ * would install a read-only entry even for a write fault, relying on a
+ * second fault to reach .pfn_mkwrite() and upgrade it, but that second
+ * fault never happens for fixup_user_fault() callers that directly
+ * walk the page tables with follow_pfnmap_start().  To ensure that
+ * they don't see the read-only entry, pass FAULT_FLAG_WRITE info down
+ * to install a writable entry right away.  Because .pfn_mkwrite() is
+ * not invoked, record the write afterwards.
+ */
 static vm_fault_t try_insert_pfn(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned int order,
 				 unsigned long pfn)
 {
+	bool write = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
+	vm_fault_t ret = VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
+
 	if (!order) {
-		return vmf_insert_pfn(vmf->vma, vmf->address, pfn);
+		ret = vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite(vmf->vma, vmf->address, pfn, write);
 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_PMD_PFNMAP
 	} else if (order == PMD_ORDER) {
 		unsigned long paddr = pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
@@ -601,27 +615,15 @@ static vm_fault_t try_insert_pfn(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned int order,
 
 		if (aligned &&
 		    folio_test_pmd_mappable(page_folio(pfn_to_page(pfn)))) {
-			vm_fault_t ret;
-
 			pfn &= PMD_MASK >> PAGE_SHIFT;
-
-			/* Unlike PTEs which are automatically upgraded to
-			 * writeable entries, the PMD upgrades go through
-			 * .huge_fault(). Make sure we pass the "write" info
-			 * along in that case.
-			 * This also means we have to record the write fault
-			 * here, instead of in .pfn_mkwrite().
-			 */
-			ret = vmf_insert_pfn_pmd(vmf, pfn,
-						 vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE);
-			if (ret == VM_FAULT_NOPAGE && (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE))
-				drm_gem_shmem_record_mkwrite(vmf);
-
-			return ret;
+			ret = vmf_insert_pfn_pmd(vmf, pfn, write);
 		}
 #endif
 	}
-	return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
+
+	if (ret == VM_FAULT_NOPAGE && write)
+		drm_gem_shmem_record_mkwrite(vmf);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static vm_fault_t drm_gem_shmem_any_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned int order)
-- 
2.55.0

[PATCH RFT 3/3] drm/ttm, drm/vmwgfx: directly create writable PTEs when mkwrite is in use

[Paolo Bonzini]

This ensures that fixup_user_fault() users see a writable PTE when
they request one.  The flip side is that vmw_bo_vm_fault() now has
to record by hand the write fault, because .pfn_mkwrite() is
not invoked.

Prefaulting works as before because only the first entry comes
out writable, while the following ones still end up executing
the .pfn_mkwrite() callback.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
---
 drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_bo_vm.c            |  3 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_page_dirty.c | 42 ++++++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_bo_vm.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_bo_vm.c
index a80510489c45..ef27a2d7afc0 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_bo_vm.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_bo_vm.c
@@ -263,7 +263,8 @@ vm_fault_t ttm_bo_vm_fault_reserved(struct vm_fault *vmf,
 		 * at arbitrary times while the data is mmap'ed.
 		 * See vmf_insert_pfn_prot() for a discussion.
 		 */
-		ret = vmf_insert_pfn_prot(vma, address, pfn, prot);
+		ret = __vmf_insert_pfn_prot(vma, address, pfn, prot,
+					    i == 0 && !!(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE));
 
 		/* Never error on prefaulted PTEs */
 		if (unlikely((ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR))) {
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_page_dirty.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_page_dirty.c
index 45561bc1c9ef..2cc490e7d758 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_page_dirty.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_page_dirty.c
@@ -398,15 +398,33 @@ void vmw_bo_dirty_clear_res(struct vmw_resource *res)
 		dirty->end = res_start;
 }
 
+static vm_fault_t vmw_bo_dirty_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct ttm_buffer_object *bo)
+{
+	unsigned long page_offset;
+	struct vmw_bo *vbo = to_vmw_bo(&bo->base);
+
+	page_offset = vmf->pgoff - drm_vma_node_start(&bo->base.vma_node);
+	if (unlikely(page_offset >= PFN_UP(bo->resource->size)))
+		return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
+
+	if (vbo->dirty && vbo->dirty->method == VMW_BO_DIRTY_MKWRITE &&
+	    !test_bit(page_offset, &vbo->dirty->bitmap[0])) {
+		struct vmw_bo_dirty *dirty = vbo->dirty;
+
+		__set_bit(page_offset, &dirty->bitmap[0]);
+		dirty->start = min(dirty->start, page_offset);
+		dirty->end = max(dirty->end, page_offset + 1);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 vm_fault_t vmw_bo_vm_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 {
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
 	struct ttm_buffer_object *bo = (struct ttm_buffer_object *)
 	    vma->vm_private_data;
 	vm_fault_t ret;
-	unsigned long page_offset;
 	unsigned int save_flags;
-	struct vmw_bo *vbo = to_vmw_bo(&bo->base);
 
 	/*
 	 * mkwrite() doesn't handle the VM_FAULT_RETRY return value correctly.
@@ -419,22 +437,7 @@ vm_fault_t vmw_bo_vm_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
-	page_offset = vmf->pgoff - drm_vma_node_start(&bo->base.vma_node);
-	if (unlikely(page_offset >= PFN_UP(bo->resource->size))) {
-		ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
-		goto out_unlock;
-	}
-
-	if (vbo->dirty && vbo->dirty->method == VMW_BO_DIRTY_MKWRITE &&
-	    !test_bit(page_offset, &vbo->dirty->bitmap[0])) {
-		struct vmw_bo_dirty *dirty = vbo->dirty;
-
-		__set_bit(page_offset, &dirty->bitmap[0]);
-		dirty->start = min(dirty->start, page_offset);
-		dirty->end = max(dirty->end, page_offset + 1);
-	}
-
-out_unlock:
+	ret = vmw_bo_dirty_mkwrite(vmf, bo);
 	dma_resv_unlock(bo->base.resv);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -484,6 +487,9 @@ vm_fault_t vmw_bo_vm_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 		prot = vm_get_page_prot(vma->vm_flags);
 
 	ret = ttm_bo_vm_fault_reserved(vmf, prot, num_prefault);
+	if (ret == VM_FAULT_NOPAGE && (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE))
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(vmw_bo_dirty_mkwrite(vmf, bo));
+
 	if (ret == VM_FAULT_RETRY && !(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT))
 		return ret;
 
-- 
2.55.0

Re: [PATCH RFT 0/3] mm, drm: ensure .fault() does not have to be followed by .pfn_mkwrite() for write faults

[Sergio Lopez Pascual]

Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> writes:

> Warning - DRM parts (i.e. most of the patches) untested; I have Cc'd
> the reporter to help with testing these patches.

Tested alongside with the mm fix [1], and it fixes the virtio-gpu
mapping issue [2] for both the absent PTE case and the pre-faulted
read-only PTE case.

Tested-by: Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>

Thanks, Paolo.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/CABgObfbkqYNsPQnKxK1_4adXF_tSdtScPU5-Xrg-sXyeWfMVfQ@mail.gmail.com/T/#t
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/299bddc0-fafc-48b3-a9c6-ec171136a46a@redhat.com/T/#t

Re: [PATCH RFT 2/3] drm/shmem_helper: use vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite()

[Boris Brezillon]

On Fri, 31 Jul 2026 18:43:40 +0200
Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> wrote:

> This ensures that KVM or VFIO correctly see a writable PTE when
> they request one.  Otherwise, a guest write to an unpopulated
> PTE from a mapping backed by a DRM GEM BO triggers a VM exit
> with EFAULT.
> 
> The code actually is simpler, because the same logic already
> applied to the hugepage mapping case using vmf_insert_pfn_pmd().
> 
> Reported-by: Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20260729072044.25796-1-slp@redhat.com/
> Fixes: 28e3918179aa ("drm/gem-shmem: Track folio accessed/dirty status in mmap")
> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com>

Glad some MM expert looked at this, because we had this partial "get
rid of pfn_mkwrite()" workaround pending [1], which apparently never
made it to drm-misc-fixes for some reason.

[1]https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20260528114744.463484-1-tzimmermann@suse.de/

> ---
>  drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c | 38 ++++++++++++++------------
>  1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c
> index c989459eb215..33a14f558276 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c
> @@ -589,11 +589,25 @@ static void drm_gem_shmem_record_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf)
>  	folio_mark_dirty(page_folio(shmem->pages[page_offset]));
>  }
>  
> +/*
> + * Because the vm_ops have a .pfn_mkwrite() callback, vma_set_page_prot()
> + * has cleared the write bit from vma->vm_page_prot.  vmf_insert_pfn()
> + * would install a read-only entry even for a write fault, relying on a
> + * second fault to reach .pfn_mkwrite() and upgrade it, but that second
> + * fault never happens for fixup_user_fault() callers that directly
> + * walk the page tables with follow_pfnmap_start().  To ensure that
> + * they don't see the read-only entry, pass FAULT_FLAG_WRITE info down
> + * to install a writable entry right away.  Because .pfn_mkwrite() is
> + * not invoked, record the write afterwards.
> + */
>  static vm_fault_t try_insert_pfn(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned int order,
>  				 unsigned long pfn)
>  {
> +	bool write = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
> +	vm_fault_t ret = VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
> +
>  	if (!order) {
> -		return vmf_insert_pfn(vmf->vma, vmf->address, pfn);
> +		ret = vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite(vmf->vma, vmf->address, pfn, write);
>  #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_PMD_PFNMAP
>  	} else if (order == PMD_ORDER) {
>  		unsigned long paddr = pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
> @@ -601,27 +615,15 @@ static vm_fault_t try_insert_pfn(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned int order,
>  
>  		if (aligned &&
>  		    folio_test_pmd_mappable(page_folio(pfn_to_page(pfn)))) {
> -			vm_fault_t ret;
> -
>  			pfn &= PMD_MASK >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> -
> -			/* Unlike PTEs which are automatically upgraded to
> -			 * writeable entries, the PMD upgrades go through
> -			 * .huge_fault(). Make sure we pass the "write" info
> -			 * along in that case.
> -			 * This also means we have to record the write fault
> -			 * here, instead of in .pfn_mkwrite().
> -			 */
> -			ret = vmf_insert_pfn_pmd(vmf, pfn,
> -						 vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE);
> -			if (ret == VM_FAULT_NOPAGE && (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE))
> -				drm_gem_shmem_record_mkwrite(vmf);
> -
> -			return ret;
> +			ret = vmf_insert_pfn_pmd(vmf, pfn, write);
>  		}
>  #endif
>  	}
> -	return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
> +
> +	if (ret == VM_FAULT_NOPAGE && write)
> +		drm_gem_shmem_record_mkwrite(vmf);
> +	return ret;
>  }
>  
>  static vm_fault_t drm_gem_shmem_any_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned int order)

Re: [PATCH RFT 0/3] mm, drm: ensure .fault() does not have to be followed by .pfn_mkwrite() for write faults

[David Hildenbrand (Arm)]

On 7/31/26 18:43, Paolo Bonzini wrote:
> Warning - DRM parts (i.e. most of the patches) untested; I have Cc'd
> the reporter to help with testing these patches.
> 
> Right now, users of .pfn_mkwrite() have no way to create a PTE
> that has gone through maybe_mkwrite().  Because vma_set_page_prot()
> will have cleared the writable PTE bit, users of fixup_user_fault()
> will see a read-only PTE and have no clue that the page needs
> a *second* fault to reach its final status.
> 
> Handling this in fixup_user_fault() is problematic: the information
> about the presence of *_mkwrite is only recorded in vma->vm_page_prot,
> which is an opaque pgprot_t, therefore only follow_pfnmap_start()
> knows how to retrieve it.

How is mprotect() supposed to work in that case?

-- 
Cheers,

David

Re: [PATCH RFT 1/3] mm: export variants of vmf_insert_pfn* for use with pfn_mkwrite()

[David Hildenbrand (Arm)]

On 7/31/26 18:43, Paolo Bonzini wrote:
> Right now, users of .pfn_mkwrite() have no way to create a PTE
> that has gone through maybe_mkwrite().  Because vma_set_page_prot()
> will have cleared the writable PTE bit, users of fixup_user_fault()
> will see a read-only PTE and have no clue that the page needs
> a *second* fault to reach its final status.
> 
> Handling this in fixup_user_fault() is problematic: the information
> about the presence of *_mkwrite is only recorded in vma->vm_page_prot,
> which is an opaque pgprot_t, therefore only follow_pfnmap_start()
> knows how to retrieve it.
> 
> There are actually some preexisting functions that suggest how this
> is supposed to be handled, namely vmf_insert_page_mkwrite() and
> vmf_insert_pfn_pmd().  Adjust mm/memory.c to export two more
> functions: vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite() for the common case where
> vma->vm_page_prot is okay, and __vmf_insert_pfn_prot() when
> really all parameters are needed.  This makes it possible
> to fix drivers that use .pfn_mkwrite together with
> vmf_insert_pfn() and vmf_insert_pfn_prot().
> 
> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
> ---
>  include/linux/mm.h |  4 +++
>  mm/huge_memory.c   |  2 +-
>  mm/memory.c        | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
>  3 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
> index 34c79b5fcb9b..33c7de36b214 100644
> --- a/include/linux/mm.h
> +++ b/include/linux/mm.h
> @@ -4551,6 +4551,10 @@ vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
>  			unsigned long pfn);
>  vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
>  			unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t pgprot);
> +vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
> +			unsigned long pfn, bool write);
> +vm_fault_t __vmf_insert_pfn_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
> +			unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t pgprot, bool mkwrite);
>  vm_fault_t vmf_insert_mixed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
>  			unsigned long pfn);
>  vm_fault_t vmf_insert_mixed_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
> index b5d1e9d4463d..2f4dcaa819b7 100644
> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
> @@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ static vm_fault_t insert_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
>   * @pfn: pfn to insert
>   * @write: whether it's a write fault
>   *
> - * Insert a pmd size pfn. See vmf_insert_pfn() for additional info.
> + * Insert a pmd size pfn. See vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite() for additional info.
>   *
>   * Return: vm_fault_t value.
>   */
> diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
> index 40997a26846f..7b950be8f511 100644
> --- a/mm/memory.c
> +++ b/mm/memory.c
> @@ -2718,6 +2718,34 @@ static vm_fault_t insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
>  	return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
>  }
>  


[...]

> +vm_fault_t __vmf_insert_pfn_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> +			unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t pgprot,
> +			bool mkwrite)

(We indent two tabs, I assume vmf_insert_pfn_prot uses 3 for legacy reasons after
renamings)

Hm, having a __ function that looks like an internal helper exported to drivers
and then not adding kerneldocs.

Why not simply have

	vmf_insert_pfn_prot_mkwrite()

And add proper documentation?

I guess we could also turn vmf_insert_pfn(), vmf_insert_pfn_mkwrite() and
vmf_insert_pfn_prot() into simple inline functions in the header. And I'd even
say that a single excessive documentation of vmf_insert_pfn_prot_mkwrite()
might be sufficient, and keeping it very short for the wrappers.


> +{
> +	/*
> +	 * Technically, architectures with pte_special can avoid all these
> +	 * restrictions (same for remap_pfn_range).  However we would like
> +	 * consistency in testing and feature parity among all, so we should
> +	 * try to keep these invariants in place for everybody.
> +	 */
> +	BUG_ON(!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)));
> +	BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) ==
> +						(VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP));
> +	BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags));
> +	BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP) && pfn_valid(pfn));
> +
> +	if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end)
> +		return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
> +
> +	if (!pfn_modify_allowed(pfn, pgprot))
> +		return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
> +
> +	pfnmap_setup_cachemode_pfn(pfn, &pgprot);
> +
> +	return insert_pfn(vma, addr, pfn, pgprot, mkwrite);
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__vmf_insert_pfn_prot);

If this becomes a dedicated symbol, why not GPL?

-- 
Cheers,

David

Re: [PATCH RFT 0/3] mm, drm: ensure .fault() does not have to be followed by .pfn_mkwrite() for write faults

[Paolo Bonzini]

On 8/3/26 13:54, David Hildenbrand (Arm) wrote:
> On 7/31/26 18:43, Paolo Bonzini wrote:
>> Warning - DRM parts (i.e. most of the patches) untested; I have Cc'd
>> the reporter to help with testing these patches.
>>
>> Right now, users of .pfn_mkwrite() have no way to create a PTE
>> that has gone through maybe_mkwrite().  Because vma_set_page_prot()
>> will have cleared the writable PTE bit, users of fixup_user_fault()
>> will see a read-only PTE and have no clue that the page needs
>> a *second* fault to reach its final status.
>>
>> Handling this in fixup_user_fault() is problematic: the information
>> about the presence of *_mkwrite is only recorded in vma->vm_page_prot,
>> which is an opaque pgprot_t, therefore only follow_pfnmap_start()
>> knows how to retrieve it.
> 
> How is mprotect() supposed to work in that case?

Hi David,

not sure what you are worried about specifically, but fixup_user_fault() 
catches !VM_WRITE VMAs and returns early (see vma_permits_fault()).

Also, do_wp_page() has the comment:

         /*
          * Shared mapping: we are guaranteed to have VM_WRITE and
          * FAULT_FLAG_WRITE set at this point.
          */

before the call to wp_pfn_shared() which is where .pfn_mkwrite() is called.

Let me know if this was not what you were asking.

Thanks for the review of patch 1---I mentioned here in the cover letter 
that the name was temporary and I'll take your suggestion.  I can either 
use EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL or switch to inlines, but not both because the 
existing functions like vmf_insert_pfn_prot() need to stay non-GPL-only.

Anyhow, now that the series has a Tested-by I'll clean up everything, 
and repost later this week.

Paolo

Re: [PATCH RFT 0/3] mm, drm: ensure .fault() does not have to be followed by .pfn_mkwrite() for write faults

[David Hildenbrand (Arm)]

On 8/3/26 16:19, Paolo Bonzini wrote:
> On 8/3/26 13:54, David Hildenbrand (Arm) wrote:
>> On 7/31/26 18:43, Paolo Bonzini wrote:
>>> Warning - DRM parts (i.e. most of the patches) untested; I have Cc'd
>>> the reporter to help with testing these patches.
>>>
>>> Right now, users of .pfn_mkwrite() have no way to create a PTE
>>> that has gone through maybe_mkwrite().  Because vma_set_page_prot()
>>> will have cleared the writable PTE bit, users of fixup_user_fault()
>>> will see a read-only PTE and have no clue that the page needs
>>> a *second* fault to reach its final status.
>>>
>>> Handling this in fixup_user_fault() is problematic: the information
>>> about the presence of *_mkwrite is only recorded in vma->vm_page_prot,
>>> which is an opaque pgprot_t, therefore only follow_pfnmap_start()
>>> knows how to retrieve it.
>>
>> How is mprotect() supposed to work in that case?
> 
> Hi David,

Hi!

> 
> not sure what you are worried about specifically, but fixup_user_fault() catches !VM_WRITE VMAs and returns early (see vma_permits_fault()).

That part is clear, I was wondering about the following:

mprotect(PROT_READ)

followed by

mprotect(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)

You'd similarly end up without the writable bit in the PTE, and apparently there is not really a way
to recover from this.

Maybe that's just ok (just sounded odd :) ).

> 
> Also, do_wp_page() has the comment:
> 
>         /*
>          * Shared mapping: we are guaranteed to have VM_WRITE and
>          * FAULT_FLAG_WRITE set at this point.
>          */
> 
> before the call to wp_pfn_shared() which is where .pfn_mkwrite() is called.
> 
> Let me know if this was not what you were asking.
> 
> Thanks for the review of patch 1---I mentioned here in the cover letter that the name was temporary and I'll take your suggestion.  I can either use EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL or switch to inlines, but not
> both because the existing functions like vmf_insert_pfn_prot() need to stay non-GPL-only.
> 
> Anyhow, now that the series has a Tested-by I'll clean up everything, and repost later this week.

Thanks!

-- 
Cheers,

David

Re: [PATCH RFT 0/3] mm, drm: ensure .fault() does not have to be followed by .pfn_mkwrite() for write faults

[Paolo Bonzini]

On 8/3/26 10:55, David Hildenbrand (Arm) wrote:
> On 7/31/26 18:05, Paolo Bonzini wrote:
>> Reported-by: Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>
> 
> Reported-by: without Fixes: is odd.

Fixes: 6da8e9634bb7 ("mm: new follow_pfnmap API") would also be odd :) 
but I can certainly add it.
>> +	 * @write_fault: if true, fail with -EFAULT unless the mapping is
> 
> Just wondering whether EPERM would be better.

It would be EACCES if anything, not EPERM; but almost all callers 
already pass EFAULT to userspace, and write() to a PROT_READ area 
returns EFAULT, so I don't think EACCES is the right choice.

>> +	 * writable
>>  	 */
>>  	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
>>  	unsigned long address;
>> +	bool write_fault;
> 
> "write_fault" is a rather odd name for this, given that this function will not
> trigger a write fault.
> 
> You want something that matches FOLL_WRITE.
> 
> "write_access" / "check_writable" maybe?
There are no for_write, write_access or check_write in mm/,  but there 
are a handful of each of these

	int write = (gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE);
	bool write = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;

so I'll go for just "write".

Thanks,

Paolo

Re: [PATCH RFT 0/3] mm, drm: ensure .fault() does not have to be followed by .pfn_mkwrite() for write faults

[Paolo Bonzini]

On Mon, Aug 3, 2026 at 5:18 PM David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> wrote:
> >>> Handling this in fixup_user_fault() is problematic: the information
> >>> about the presence of *_mkwrite is only recorded in vma->vm_page_prot,
> >>> which is an opaque pgprot_t, therefore only follow_pfnmap_start()
> >>> knows how to retrieve it.
> >>
> >> How is mprotect() supposed to work in that case?
> >
> I was wondering about the following:
>
> mprotect(PROT_READ)
>
> followed by
>
> mprotect(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)
>
> You'd similarly end up without the writable bit in the PTE, and apparently there is not really a way
> to recover from this.

Why not? mprotect_fixup() calls vma_set_page_prot(), the PTE as you
say lacks the writable bit (unless pte_dirty(pte)), and then the next
fault calls .pfn_mkwrite().

Paolo

Re: [PATCH RFT 0/3] mm, drm: ensure .fault() does not have to be followed by .pfn_mkwrite() for write faults

[David Hildenbrand (Arm)]

On 8/4/26 09:50, Paolo Bonzini wrote:
> On Mon, Aug 3, 2026 at 5:18 PM David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> wrote:
>>>
>> I was wondering about the following:
>>
>> mprotect(PROT_READ)
>>
>> followed by
>>
>> mprotect(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)
>>
>> You'd similarly end up without the writable bit in the PTE, and apparently there is not really a way
>> to recover from this.
> 
> Why not? mprotect_fixup() calls vma_set_page_prot(), the PTE as you
> say lacks the writable bit (unless pte_dirty(pte)), and then the next
> fault calls .pfn_mkwrite().

Ah, if this works, great. I guess I was confused about your explanation about
fixup_user_fault().

So this really only about avoiding the second fault, makes sense thanks!

-- 
Cheers,

David

Re: [PATCH RFT 1/3] mm: export variants of vmf_insert_pfn* for use with pfn_mkwrite()

[Christoph Hellwig]

On Mon, Aug 03, 2026 at 02:16:33PM +0200, David Hildenbrand (Arm) wrote:
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__vmf_insert_pfn_prot);
> 
> If this becomes a dedicated symbol, why not GPL?

Yes, no way we'd not export low-level bits like this as non-GPL..

Re: [PATCH RFT 1/3] mm: export variants of vmf_insert_pfn* for use with pfn_mkwrite()

[Paolo Bonzini]

On 8/4/26 15:52, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> On Mon, Aug 03, 2026 at 02:16:33PM +0200, David Hildenbrand (Arm) wrote:
>>> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__vmf_insert_pfn_prot);
>>
>> If this becomes a dedicated symbol, why not GPL?
> 
> Yes, no way we'd not export low-level bits like this as non-GPL..

David requested to turn the simpler functions such as vmf_insert_pfn() 
from separate exports to static inlines.  For the v2 that I have just 
posted, that's what I did.  I can either use EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL() or 
switch to inlines, but not both because functions like vmf_insert_pfn() 
are currently EXPORT_SYMBOL().

Also, this function specifically is basically the same as 
vmf_insert_pfn_prot(), which is already exported as non GPL, but there's 
really no logic at all as to what is EXPORT_SYMBOL() and what is 
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL().  vmf_insert_pfn_prot() mucks with pgprot_t and is 
much lower level than vmf_insert_page_mkwrite()... but it's the latter 
that is GPL.

Paolo

Re: [PATCH RFT 3/3] drm/ttm, drm/vmwgfx: directly create writable PTEs when mkwrite is in use

[Christian König]

On 7/31/26 18:43, Paolo Bonzini wrote:
> This ensures that fixup_user_fault() users see a writable PTE when
> they request one.  The flip side is that vmw_bo_vm_fault() now has
> to record by hand the write fault, because .pfn_mkwrite() is
> not invoked.
> 
> Prefaulting works as before because only the first entry comes
> out writable, while the following ones still end up executing
> the .pfn_mkwrite() callback.

Please split that patch for TTM/VMWGFX. The TTM part looks reasonable, but VMGFX is a completely different beast.

Regards,
Christian.

> 
> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
> ---
>  drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_bo_vm.c            |  3 +-
>  drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_page_dirty.c | 42 ++++++++++++----------
>  2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_bo_vm.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_bo_vm.c
> index a80510489c45..ef27a2d7afc0 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_bo_vm.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_bo_vm.c
> @@ -263,7 +263,8 @@ vm_fault_t ttm_bo_vm_fault_reserved(struct vm_fault *vmf,
>  		 * at arbitrary times while the data is mmap'ed.
>  		 * See vmf_insert_pfn_prot() for a discussion.
>  		 */
> -		ret = vmf_insert_pfn_prot(vma, address, pfn, prot);
> +		ret = __vmf_insert_pfn_prot(vma, address, pfn, prot,
> +					    i == 0 && !!(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE));
>  
>  		/* Never error on prefaulted PTEs */
>  		if (unlikely((ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR))) {
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_page_dirty.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_page_dirty.c
> index 45561bc1c9ef..2cc490e7d758 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_page_dirty.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_page_dirty.c
> @@ -398,15 +398,33 @@ void vmw_bo_dirty_clear_res(struct vmw_resource *res)
>  		dirty->end = res_start;
>  }
>  
> +static vm_fault_t vmw_bo_dirty_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct ttm_buffer_object *bo)
> +{
> +	unsigned long page_offset;
> +	struct vmw_bo *vbo = to_vmw_bo(&bo->base);
> +
> +	page_offset = vmf->pgoff - drm_vma_node_start(&bo->base.vma_node);
> +	if (unlikely(page_offset >= PFN_UP(bo->resource->size)))
> +		return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
> +
> +	if (vbo->dirty && vbo->dirty->method == VMW_BO_DIRTY_MKWRITE &&
> +	    !test_bit(page_offset, &vbo->dirty->bitmap[0])) {
> +		struct vmw_bo_dirty *dirty = vbo->dirty;
> +
> +		__set_bit(page_offset, &dirty->bitmap[0]);
> +		dirty->start = min(dirty->start, page_offset);
> +		dirty->end = max(dirty->end, page_offset + 1);
> +	}
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
>  vm_fault_t vmw_bo_vm_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf)
>  {
>  	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
>  	struct ttm_buffer_object *bo = (struct ttm_buffer_object *)
>  	    vma->vm_private_data;
>  	vm_fault_t ret;
> -	unsigned long page_offset;
>  	unsigned int save_flags;
> -	struct vmw_bo *vbo = to_vmw_bo(&bo->base);
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * mkwrite() doesn't handle the VM_FAULT_RETRY return value correctly.
> @@ -419,22 +437,7 @@ vm_fault_t vmw_bo_vm_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf)
>  	if (ret)
>  		return ret;
>  
> -	page_offset = vmf->pgoff - drm_vma_node_start(&bo->base.vma_node);
> -	if (unlikely(page_offset >= PFN_UP(bo->resource->size))) {
> -		ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
> -		goto out_unlock;
> -	}
> -
> -	if (vbo->dirty && vbo->dirty->method == VMW_BO_DIRTY_MKWRITE &&
> -	    !test_bit(page_offset, &vbo->dirty->bitmap[0])) {
> -		struct vmw_bo_dirty *dirty = vbo->dirty;
> -
> -		__set_bit(page_offset, &dirty->bitmap[0]);
> -		dirty->start = min(dirty->start, page_offset);
> -		dirty->end = max(dirty->end, page_offset + 1);
> -	}
> -
> -out_unlock:
> +	ret = vmw_bo_dirty_mkwrite(vmf, bo);
>  	dma_resv_unlock(bo->base.resv);
>  	return ret;
>  }
> @@ -484,6 +487,9 @@ vm_fault_t vmw_bo_vm_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
>  		prot = vm_get_page_prot(vma->vm_flags);
>  
>  	ret = ttm_bo_vm_fault_reserved(vmf, prot, num_prefault);
> +	if (ret == VM_FAULT_NOPAGE && (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE))
> +		WARN_ON_ONCE(vmw_bo_dirty_mkwrite(vmf, bo));
> +
>  	if (ret == VM_FAULT_RETRY && !(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT))
>  		return ret;
>  

Re: [PATCH RFT 3/3] drm/ttm, drm/vmwgfx: directly create writable PTEs when mkwrite is in use

[Paolo Bonzini]

On 8/5/26 14:58, Christian König wrote:
> On 7/31/26 18:43, Paolo Bonzini wrote:
>> This ensures that fixup_user_fault() users see a writable PTE when 
>> they request one.  The flip side is that vmw_bo_vm_fault() now has 
>> to record by hand the write fault, because .pfn_mkwrite() is not
>> invoked.
>> 
>> Prefaulting works as before because only the first entry comes out
>> writable, while the following ones still end up executing 
>> the .pfn_mkwrite() callback.
> 
> Please split that patch for TTM/VMWGFX. The TTM part looks
> reasonable, but VMGFX is a completely different beast.

Note that the TTM change alone would break vmwgfx without the other 
part.  This is not obvious, and it's why I placed them together given 
the TTM part is just one line of code, but if you prefer I can split 
them (the TTM change can go second).

Let me know if "looks reasonable" counts as "Acked-by" for that part or not.

By the way, see also 
https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/dri-devel/2026-August/586696.html 
- it touches the same code, and the mistake was noticed by sashiko when 
reviewing this one.

Paolo