[PATCH bpf v3] bpf: Fix skb_pull() BUG in __bpf_redirect_neigh()

[PATCH bpf v3] bpf: Fix skb_pull() BUG in __bpf_redirect_neigh()

[Jamal Hadi Salim]

The issue:
This is a follow-up to the short link-layer header fixes from Eric.
After vlan pop_eth, a privileged SCHED_ACT BPF program can call
bpf_skb_change_head(skb, 1, 0) and then bpf_redirect_neigh().

__bpf_redirect_neigh() calls skb_pull(skb, sizeof(*ethh)) after checking
only that mac_header < network_header.  Nothing verifies that the MAC
header is long enough, that it is linear, or that the IP header the
redirect goes on to read is linear either.

A SCHED_ACT BPF program can do:

    bpf_skb_change_head(skb, 1, 0);
    bpf_redirect_neigh(lo, NULL, 0, 0);

after vlan pop_eth.  The skb then has mac_len == 1 and only one byte of
linear data; skb_pull(ETH_HLEN) trips the skb->len < skb->data_len BUG in
__skb_pull():

    kernel BUG at ./include/linux/skbuff.h:2839!
    RIP: skb_pull+0x40/0x50
    Call Trace: skb_do_redirect -> packet_xmit -> packet_sendmsg
    Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt

The v4 and v6 paths read ip_hdr() and ipv6_hdr() as soon as the MAC
header is gone.  On the AF_PACKET frame below that leaves headlen == 0
after the pull, so the network header sits at skb->tail and the route
lookup reads ip4h->protocol, ip4h->saddr and ip4h->daddr past the linear
area.

The Fix:
Use skb_network_offset(), which is the MAC header span, instead of
skb->mac_len.  mac_len is zero for locally generated tc egress and netkit
packets, while the span still rejects the one-byte header produced by
pop_eth + bpf_skb_change_head(skb, 1, 0).  The single check also covers
the mac_header >= network_header test it replaces.

Use pskb_may_pull() to make the Ethernet header linear before it is read
or pulled, and to make the IP header linear in both the v4 and the v6
path before ip_hdr()/ipv6_hdr() is read.  The header pointers are taken
after the pull, since pskb_may_pull() may reallocate skb->head.

Conditions to recreate the bug:
On x86-64 with 4 KiB pages, enable CONFIG_PACKET, CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL,
CONFIG_NET_SCH_INGRESS, CONFIG_NET_CLS_MATCHALL, CONFIG_NET_ACT_VLAN and
CONFIG_NET_ACT_BPF.  Run as root with BPF loading, network administration
and raw-packet privileges.  Bring lo up and attach a SCHED_ACT program
that calls bpf_skb_change_head(skb, 1, 0), then returns
bpf_redirect_neigh(skb->ifindex, NULL, 0, 0):

  ip link set lo up
  tc qdisc add dev lo clsact
  tc filter add dev lo egress matchall action vlan pop_eth pipe \
      action bpf object-file neigh_chghead.o section action

Send an untagged ETH_P_IP frame of ETH_HLEN + 8192 bytes through an
AF_PACKET/SOCK_RAW socket bound to lo, without PACKET_VNET_HDR or
PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS.  Use a unicast destination MAC.  The sender's skb
has a 14-byte linear Ethernet prefix and a fragmented payload; pop_eth
removes that prefix and change_head restores only one linear byte.
The unfixed neighbor redirect then tries to pull 14 bytes and BUGs.

Sending the same frame without pop_eth and change_head leaves the IP
header in the frags, which is the route lookup reading past skb->tail.

Fixes: b4ab31414970 ("bpf: Add redirect_neigh helper as redirect drop-in")
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20261027082604.1485903-1-edumazet@kernel.org/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/2a0f5ff1d8db81b07fc4b344b8e68e3505fcbf36f72a471d1678b2f1cecd881b@mail.kernel.org/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/DMII4JGTEUEG.2WRJPT6ODT6J0@gmail.com/
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Victor Nogueira <victor@mojatatu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com>
---
v3:
- linearize the IP header in the v4 and v6 paths with pskb_may_pull()
  before ip_hdr()/ipv6_hdr() is read; the Ethernet check alone left the
  route lookup reading past skb->tail
- collapsed the MAC-header check to skb_network_offset(), which also
  covers the offset test it replaces (Alexei)
- dropped the tc-egress: it cannot hit the BUG (Alexei)
- retarget to the bpf tree

v2:
- use skb_mac_header_len() instead of mac_len; mac_len is zero for
  locally generated tc egress and netkit packets
- add tc-egress coverage to tc_redirect_neigh
- document the nonlinear AF_PACKET reproduction conditions
---
 net/core/filter.c | 21 ++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/net/core/filter.c b/net/core/filter.c
index 09c60a58c82a..303c0c44dc2c 100644
--- a/net/core/filter.c
+++ b/net/core/filter.c
@@ -2290,9 +2290,13 @@ static int bpf_out_neigh_v6(struct net *net, struct sk_buff *skb,
 static int __bpf_redirect_neigh_v6(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
 				   struct bpf_nh_params *nh)
 {
-	const struct ipv6hdr *ip6h = ipv6_hdr(skb);
 	struct net *net = dev_net(dev);
 	int err, ret = NET_XMIT_DROP;
+	const struct ipv6hdr *ip6h;
+
+	if (unlikely(!pskb_may_pull(skb, sizeof(*ip6h))))
+		goto out_drop;
+	ip6h = ipv6_hdr(skb);
 
 	if (!nh) {
 		struct dst_entry *dst;
@@ -2399,9 +2403,13 @@ static int bpf_out_neigh_v4(struct net *net, struct sk_buff *skb,
 static int __bpf_redirect_neigh_v4(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
 				   struct bpf_nh_params *nh)
 {
-	const struct iphdr *ip4h = ip_hdr(skb);
 	struct net *net = dev_net(dev);
 	int err, ret = NET_XMIT_DROP;
+	const struct iphdr *ip4h;
+
+	if (unlikely(!pskb_may_pull(skb, sizeof(*ip4h))))
+		goto out_drop;
+	ip4h = ip_hdr(skb);
 
 	if (!nh) {
 		struct flowi4 fl4 = {
@@ -2451,15 +2459,14 @@ static int __bpf_redirect_neigh_v4(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
 static int __bpf_redirect_neigh(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
 				struct bpf_nh_params *nh)
 {
-	struct ethhdr *ethh = eth_hdr(skb);
-
-	if (unlikely(skb->mac_header >= skb->network_header))
+	if (unlikely(skb_network_offset(skb) < ETH_HLEN ||
+		     !pskb_may_pull(skb, ETH_HLEN)))
 		goto out;
 	bpf_push_mac_rcsum(skb);
-	if (is_multicast_ether_addr(ethh->h_dest))
+	if (is_multicast_ether_addr(eth_hdr(skb)->h_dest))
 		goto out;
 
-	skb_pull(skb, sizeof(*ethh));
+	skb_pull(skb, ETH_HLEN);
 	skb_unset_mac_header(skb);
 	skb_reset_network_header(skb);
 
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH bpf v3] bpf: Fix skb_pull() BUG in __bpf_redirect_neigh()

[patchwork-bot+netdevbpf]

Hello:

This patch was applied to bpf/bpf.git (master)
by Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>:

On Sat, 31 Oct 2026 15:38:52 -0400 you wrote:
> The issue:
> This is a follow-up to the short link-layer header fixes from Eric.
> After vlan pop_eth, a privileged SCHED_ACT BPF program can call
> bpf_skb_change_head(skb, 1, 0) and then bpf_redirect_neigh().
> 
> __bpf_redirect_neigh() calls skb_pull(skb, sizeof(*ethh)) after checking
> only that mac_header < network_header.  Nothing verifies that the MAC
> header is long enough, that it is linear, or that the IP header the
> redirect goes on to read is linear either.
> 
> [...]

Here is the summary with links:
  - [bpf,v3] bpf: Fix skb_pull() BUG in __bpf_redirect_neigh()
    https://git.kernel.org/bpf/bpf/c/23503acb214c

You are awesome, thank you!
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