[PATCH net v5 0/2] net/sched: taprio: fix NULL pointer dereference in class dump

[PATCH net v5 0/2] net/sched: taprio: fix NULL pointer dereference in class dump

[Weiming Shi]

Fix a NULL pointer dereference in taprio_dump_class() reachable by an
unprivileged local user on kernels with unprivileged user namespaces
enabled and CONFIG_NET_SCH_TAPRIO=y. The bug allows a local DoS via a
crafted sequence of taprio child-qdisc graft, delete, and class dump.

Patch 1/2 is the fix: replace NULL entries in q->qdiscs[] with the
global &noop_qdisc singleton so that control-plane dump paths, as well
as the existing NULL guards in the data-plane enqueue/dequeue paths,
cannot deref a NULL child qdisc.

Patch 2/2 is a tdc regression test that drives the graft + delete +
class-dump sequence on a multi-queue netdevsim device. It panics the
vulnerable kernel and passes on the fixed one.

v5: only call qdisc_put(*old) when *old is non-NULL and not
    &noop_qdisc (Paolo).
v4: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260416185501.647884-3-bestswngs@gmail.com/
    add selftests/tc-testing regression test (patch 2/2) (Jamal).
    add Assisted-by tag.
v3: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260414104311.74115-2-bestswngs@gmail.com/
    fix broken patch
v2: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260410153902.955227-2-bestswngs@gmail.com/
    also update NULL guards in taprio_enqueue() and
    taprio_dequeue_from_txq() to avoid qlen/backlog inflation (Paolo).
v1: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260330102904.2677818-5-bestswngs@gmail.com/

Weiming Shi (2):
  net/sched: taprio: fix NULL pointer dereference in class dump
  selftests/tc-testing: add taprio test for class dump after child
    delete

 net/sched/sch_taprio.c                        | 13 ++++++----
 .../tc-testing/tc-tests/qdiscs/taprio.json    | 26 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH net v5 1/2] net/sched: taprio: fix NULL pointer dereference in class dump

[Weiming Shi]

When a TAPRIO child qdisc is deleted via RTM_DELQDISC, taprio_graft()
is called with new == NULL and stores NULL into q->qdiscs[cl - 1].
Subsequent RTM_GETTCLASS dump operations walk all classes via
taprio_walk() and call taprio_dump_class(), which calls taprio_leaf()
returning the NULL pointer, then dereferences it to read child->handle,
causing a kernel NULL pointer dereference.

The bug is reachable with namespace-scoped CAP_NET_ADMIN on any kernel
with CONFIG_NET_SCH_TAPRIO enabled. On systems with unprivileged user
namespaces enabled, an unprivileged local user can trigger a kernel
panic by creating a taprio qdisc inside a new network namespace,
grafting an explicit child qdisc, deleting it, and requesting a class
dump. The RTM_GETTCLASS dump itself requires no capability.

 Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000007: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI
 KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000038-0x000000000000003f]
 RIP: 0010:taprio_dump_class (net/sched/sch_taprio.c:2478)
 Call Trace:
  <TASK>
  tc_fill_tclass (net/sched/sch_api.c:1966)
  qdisc_class_dump (net/sched/sch_api.c:2326)
  taprio_walk (net/sched/sch_taprio.c:2514)
  tc_dump_tclass_qdisc (net/sched/sch_api.c:2352)
  tc_dump_tclass_root (net/sched/sch_api.c:2370)
  tc_dump_tclass (net/sched/sch_api.c:2431)
  rtnl_dumpit (net/core/rtnetlink.c:6864)
  netlink_dump (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2325)
  rtnetlink_rcv_msg (net/core/rtnetlink.c:6959)
  netlink_rcv_skb (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550)
  </TASK>

Fix this by substituting &noop_qdisc when new is NULL in
taprio_graft(), a common pattern used by other qdiscs (e.g.,
multiq_graft()) to ensure the q->qdiscs[] slots are never NULL.
This makes control-plane dump paths safe without requiring individual
NULL checks.

Since the data-plane paths (taprio_enqueue and taprio_dequeue_from_txq)
previously had explicit NULL guards that would drop/skip the packet
cleanly, update those checks to test for &noop_qdisc instead. Without
this, packets would reach taprio_enqueue_one() which increments the root
qdisc's qlen and backlog before calling the child's enqueue; noop_qdisc
drops the packet but those counters are never rolled back, permanently
inflating the root qdisc's statistics.

After this change *old can be a valid qdisc, NULL, or &noop_qdisc.
Only call qdisc_put(*old) in the first case to avoid decreasing
noop_qdisc's refcount, which was never increased.

Fixes: 665338b2a7a0 ("net/sched: taprio: dump class stats for the actual q->qdiscs[]")
Reported-by: Xiang Mei <xmei5@asu.edu>
Signed-off-by: Weiming Shi <bestswngs@gmail.com>
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6
---
 net/sched/sch_taprio.c | 13 ++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/net/sched/sch_taprio.c b/net/sched/sch_taprio.c
index 8e37528119506..a7daf34593e07 100644
--- a/net/sched/sch_taprio.c
+++ b/net/sched/sch_taprio.c
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ static int taprio_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch,
 	queue = skb_get_queue_mapping(skb);
 
 	child = q->qdiscs[queue];
-	if (unlikely(!child))
+	if (unlikely(child == &noop_qdisc))
 		return qdisc_drop(skb, sch, to_free);
 
 	if (taprio_skb_exceeds_queue_max_sdu(sch, skb)) {
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ static struct sk_buff *taprio_dequeue_from_txq(struct Qdisc *sch, int txq,
 	int len;
 	u8 tc;
 
-	if (unlikely(!child))
+	if (unlikely(child == &noop_qdisc))
 		return NULL;
 
 	if (TXTIME_ASSIST_IS_ENABLED(q->flags))
@@ -2183,6 +2183,9 @@ static int taprio_graft(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl,
 	if (!dev_queue)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	if (!new)
+		new = &noop_qdisc;
+
 	if (dev->flags & IFF_UP)
 		dev_deactivate(dev, false);
 
@@ -2196,14 +2199,14 @@ static int taprio_graft(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl,
 	*old = q->qdiscs[cl - 1];
 	if (FULL_OFFLOAD_IS_ENABLED(q->flags)) {
 		WARN_ON_ONCE(dev_graft_qdisc(dev_queue, new) != *old);
-		if (new)
+		if (new != &noop_qdisc)
 			qdisc_refcount_inc(new);
-		if (*old)
+		if (*old && *old != &noop_qdisc)
 			qdisc_put(*old);
 	}
 
 	q->qdiscs[cl - 1] = new;
-	if (new)
+	if (new != &noop_qdisc)
 		new->flags |= TCQ_F_ONETXQUEUE | TCQ_F_NOPARENT;
 
 	if (dev->flags & IFF_UP)
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH net v5 2/2] selftests/tc-testing: add taprio test for class dump after child delete

[Weiming Shi]

Add a regression test for the NULL pointer dereference fixed in the
previous commit. Before the fix, taprio_graft() stored NULL into
q->qdiscs[cl - 1] when an explicitly grafted child qdisc was deleted
via RTM_DELQDISC; the next RTM_GETTCLASS dump then crashed the kernel
in taprio_dump_class() while reading child->handle.

The test installs a taprio root qdisc on a multi-queue netdevsim
device, grafts a pfifo child onto class 8001:1, deletes that child,
and then performs a class dump. On a fixed kernel the dump succeeds
and all eight taprio classes are listed; on an unpatched kernel the
class dump crashes, which surfaces as a test failure.

Signed-off-by: Weiming Shi <bestswngs@gmail.com>
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6
---
 .../tc-testing/tc-tests/qdiscs/taprio.json    | 26 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/tc-testing/tc-tests/qdiscs/taprio.json b/tools/testing/selftests/tc-testing/tc-tests/qdiscs/taprio.json
index 557fb074acf0c..cd19d05925e40 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/tc-testing/tc-tests/qdiscs/taprio.json
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/tc-testing/tc-tests/qdiscs/taprio.json
@@ -302,5 +302,31 @@
             "$TC qdisc del dev $ETH root",
             "echo \"1\" > /sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device"
         ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "c7e1",
+        "name": "Class dump after graft and delete of explicit child qdisc",
+        "category": [
+            "qdisc",
+            "taprio"
+        ],
+        "plugins": {
+            "requires": "nsPlugin"
+        },
+        "setup": [
+            "echo \"1 1 8\" > /sys/bus/netdevsim/new_device",
+            "$TC qdisc replace dev $ETH handle 8001: parent root taprio num_tc 8 map 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 queues 1@0 1@1 1@2 1@3 1@4 1@5 1@6 1@7 base-time 0 sched-entry S ff 20000000 clockid CLOCK_TAI",
+            "$TC qdisc add dev $ETH parent 8001:1 handle 8002: pfifo",
+            "$TC qdisc del dev $ETH parent 8001:1 handle 8002:"
+        ],
+        "cmdUnderTest": "$TC class show dev $ETH",
+        "expExitCode": "0",
+        "verifyCmd": "$TC class show dev $ETH",
+        "matchPattern": "class taprio 8001:[0-9]+ root",
+        "matchCount": "8",
+        "teardown": [
+            "$TC qdisc del dev $ETH root",
+            "echo \"1\" > /sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device"
+        ]
     }
 ]
-- 
2.43.0